Unit1PeopleofAchievementUsingLanguage词汇讲解课件-高二英语人教版选择性

physiology/ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi/n.生理学；生理机能-(o)logy=科学或研究的领域biology:生物学geology：地质学sociology：社会学ecology：生态学biologist:生物学家geologist：地质学家sociologist：社会学家ecologist：生态学家academy/əˈkædəmi/n.（艺术、文学、科学等的）研究院；学会；专科院校（军事，音乐等）；（美国的）私立学校CAS-ChineseAcademyofSciences中国科学院academicadj.

学业的；学术的/ˌækəˈdemɪk/botanical/bəˈtænɪk(ə)l/adj.

植物（学）的botany/ˈbɒtəni/n.[U]植物学property/ˈprɒpəti/n.性质，特征；[C

usuallypl.]

财产[U]pl.(-ies)Thisbuildingisgovernmentproperty.extract/ˈekstrækt/n.提取物；摘录vt.提取；提炼；摘录；（用力）拔出/ɪkˈstrækt/extractionn.提取，提炼，开采oil/mineral/coalextraction

substance/ˈsʌbstəns/n.物质；物品(c)；事实根据(u)achemical/radioactive

substance化学、放射性物质banned/illegal

substances(=drugs)禁用、非法物品Itwasgossip,withoutsubstance.

这是造谣，没有事实根据flee/fliː/v.迅速离开；逃跑fled,fledfleefrom=escapefrom...

从……逃跑circumstance

n.

[usuallypl.]条件；环境；状况1.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.

Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.

记住，目标是灵活的。它们可以根据情况而改变。2.IknowIcantrustthewomaninanycircumstances.

我知道我在任何情况下都能信任那个女人。3.Under/Innocircumstancesshouldyouevaluatehisscientificresearchinpublic.

你无论如何都不该当众评价他的科学研究。under/in

the

circumstances在此情况下under/in

no

circumstances决不;无论如何都不(位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装)if

circumstances

permit/allow如果情况允许circumstance/ˈsɜːkəmstəns/n.条件；环境;状况辨析：circumstance,environmentcircumstance和environment都含有“环境”“状况”之意。●

circumstance指“情况”“情形”（theconditionsthataffectasituation,anevent,etc.）”，常用复数，表明与某事件或某人有关的环境，情形，情况等，也可指“境况”“状况”（尤指经济状况）（howmuchmoneysbhas）”。Wecan’tjudgewhathediduntilweknowallthecircumstances.●environment指“生活环境”“周围状况（theconditionsoftheplacewhereyouare）”，尤其指作用和影响生物体的生长，发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和。Thetwinswereseparatedatbirthandbroughtupinentirelydifferentenvironment.单句语法填空/完成句子①

thecircumstanceshefeltunabletoacceptthejob.②Undernocircumstances

(be)anyoneallowedtousethetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.③Thecompanyreservestherighttocancelthisagreementincertain

(circumstance).④

shouldyoungstersfollownegativeinformationonmassmediablindly.

在任何情况下，青少年都不应盲目跟从大众媒体上的负面信息。In/UnderiscircumstancesUnder/In

no

circumstancesnovelist/ˈnɒvəlɪst/n.小说家noveln.(长篇)小说novel+ist=小说家journalist：记者artist：画家violinist：小提琴家capitalist：资本家scientist：科学家flow

/fləʊ/n.流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动flowthrough/into流经、流进gowiththeflow随大流chart/tʃɑːt/n.图表vt.记录；制定计划Flowchart

流程图Piechart饼图LineChart线形图found/faʊnd/vt.创建;建立;把……建立在foundern. 创办者，发起者区分：find(found，found)发现，找到

found(founded,founded)

创建，建立establishfound

v.创建；建立；把……建立在1.ThetownwasfoundedbyEnglishsettlersin1790.

这座城镇是英格兰移民于1790年建的。2.Theirmarriagewasfoundedonloveandrespect.

他们的婚姻建立在爱和尊重的基础上。befoundedon/uponsth.建立在……基础之上；建在某物之上foundation

n.

地基；基础，根据laya(firm/solid)foundationfor...为……打下(坚实的)基础founder

n.创办者，发起人单句语法填空/完成句子①TheTrinityCollegeLibraryisinIreland,which

(found)attheendofthe16thcenturybyQueenElizabethⅠ.②Theteacherfoundedhissystemoflanguageteaching

thebeliefthatspeakingshouldcomebeforereading.③Thebuildersarenowbeginningtolaythe

(found)forthenewschool.④HarvardUniversity,

1636,istheoldestuniversityintheUnitedStates.

创办于1636年的哈佛大学是美国最古老的大学。was

foundedonfoundationfounded

ininfer/ɪnˈfɜː(r)/v.

推断；推定Whatcanweinferfromthetext?因infer意为“推断”，必定是推断文中没有明说的，是要求考生根据文中已有信息再结合已有常识进行适当推断得出作者没有明说的言外之意或弦外之音。inferencen.推断的结果

，

结论dependencedifferencediligenceconvenienceinnocenceabsenceconfidencepreferencereference

existence insistencedivergence(分歧）correspondence(相关，相似)politician

/ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/n.从政者;政治家;政客politicsn.政治（活动）political

adj.政治上的numerousadj.众多的；许多的toonumeroustomention/list不胜枚举makenumerousefforts付出巨大的努力theory /ˈθɪəri/n.理论;学说intheory理论上，从理论来说☆

theoretical

adj.

理论上的

←→

practicaladj.实际的/切实可行的☆

theoreticallyadv.

理论上/理论地

←→

practicallyadv.几乎;实际上/事实上theoryofrelativity相对论relativeadj.相对的；相关的n.亲戚berelativeto与……有关；相对于relativelyadv.比较而言；相对地

relativity

/ˌreləˈtɪvəti/n.（物理）相对论；相对性genius/ˈdʒiːniəs/n.(pl:geniuses)天才;天资;天赋反义：idiot/ˈɪdiət/n.笨蛋，蠢材ageniusfor(doing)sth.

（做）某事的天才haveagift/talent/geniusfor…

begifted/talentedin…gentle

[ˈdʒentl]:adj.温柔的;文静的gently:adv.温柔地;文静地gentleness n.温和，和缓，宽大

(terriblecomfortablesimplegentle)温柔的声音/微笑/柔和的音乐/和风agentlevoice/smile/music/breeze反义：rudeadj.粗鲁的rudenessn.粗鲁patent/ˈpeɪt(ə)nt//ˈpæt(ə)nt/n.专利；专利证书；获得专利adj.有专利的；受专利保护的v.获得专利applyfor/obtainapatentpatentee专利获得者

passionn.酷爱；激情withpassion充满激情地befilledwith/befullofpassion充满激情arouseone’spassion唤醒某人的激情haveapassionfor酷爱……他正在演讲，饱含激情，还向我挥了挥手。(非谓语)Heisdeliveringaspeechwith/fullofpassion,wavingatme.extraordinary

/ɪkˈstrɔ:dəneri/adj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的extra(额外的，超过)+ordinary(普通的，平凡的)extracurriculum

课外的，课余的单句语法填空/完成句子①Hehasapassion

Chineseliterature,whichdatesbacktohisyouth.②Oneshouldalwaysbefull

passioninhislifenomatterhowoldheis.③Heplayed

suchgreatpassionthatnoonecouldcomparewithhim.④Beinggoodatsomethingand

itarenotenough.

擅长某件事情并对它情有独钟是不够的。forofwithhaving

a

passion

formaster n.硕士master’sdegree

硕士学位doctorn.博士doctorate n.博士学位(doctor’sdegree)bachelor n.学士bachelor’sdegree

学士学位undergraduate n.本科生postgraduate n.研究生doctoralstudent n.博士生doctorate/ˈdɒktərət/n.博士学位doctor’sdegree 博士学位bachelor’sdegree 学士学位master’sdegree 硕士学位in+专业/ˈbætʃələ(r)/gradually/ˈɡrædʒuəli/adv.逐渐地，逐步地Over300years，itspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Recoverfromthediseaseisverygradually.cometopower

开始掌权，上台执政powern.影响力；权利；能力；电力

powerfuladj.有权势的，强壮的poweredadj.电动的；由。。驱动的

windpowered由风力驱动的powerlessadj.无权的；无能为力的powercut/failure停电withinone’spower在某人能力范围内beyond/outofone’spower某人力所不能及的beinpower掌权，执政(表示状态，可以和一段时间连用)havethepowertodosth.具有做某事的能力/权力powerfuladj.强有力的doall/everythinginone'spower尽力而为某事;竭尽全力做某事单句语法填空/完成句子①Iamsorry,butit’s

mypowertomakesuchadecision.②Thiskindofanimalshassome

(power)teeth.③Youcandependonitthatitis

hispower.Hecanhelpyou.④Shebelievesthatshehasthepower

(solve)theproblem.⑤SinceChairmanXi

,ourcountryhasbecomestronger.自习主席执政后，我们国家变得更强大了。beyondpowerfulwithinto

solvecame

to

powerconsequencen.结果；后果sequence：一连串，一系列subsequence：后来，随后consequentadj.随之发生的consequentlyadv. 因此，结果asaconsequence=inconsequence=asaresult结果；因此asaconsequenceof=inconsequenceof=asaresultof作为……的结果单句语法填空①_____________(consequence),sheunderstooditandbecameinterestedintraditionalChineseculture.②ThewarmingoftheEarthandthe___________(consequence)climaticchangesaffectusall.【写美】补全句子③_________________________________________________________,thematchwascancelled.由于昨天的大雨，比赛被取消了。单句语法填空/完成句子①Heslippedandhadhislegbroken.

aconsequence,hewillhavetobeawayfromschoolfortwoorthreemonths.②Finally,suggestionsonpolicywerereferredto

(consequence)conclusions.③Therainwasheavy,and

(consequent)theroadwasflooded.④Intoday’ssociety,manypeoplehavegotmentalillness

excessivepressurefromlifeorwork.在当今社会，很多人因为生活或工作压力过大而患上了精神疾病。Asconsequentconsequentlyas

a

consequence

ofinstitution/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n/n.社会公共机构；制度；习俗institute/ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/n.（教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑amentalinstitution精神病院aneducational/financial

institution教育、金融机构theinstitutionofmarriage婚姻制度takeupaposition担任;任职翻译：他担任班长一职搭配：outofposition 不在适当的位置inposition 在适当的位置Hetakesuptheposition

asthemonitor.takeupaposition

担任；任职1.Hetookupapositionasaneditoraftergraduatingfromtheuniversity.

他大学毕业后从事编辑工作。2.WhendidyoutakeupJapaneseasasecondforeignlanguage?

你什么时间开始选修日语作为第二外语的?3.Theworktookupallhistime.

那项工作花费了他所有的时间。4.Icouldn’ttakeinhisstoryatall.

我一直也不理解他的故事。takeup拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间、空间等)takein收留(某人)；吸收；领会，理解；欺骗；包括takeoff(飞机等)起飞；脱下；成功，成名；(突然)离开；休假takeon呈现；雇用；承担takeover接管写出下列句子中takeup的含义/完成句子①Afterstudyinginamedicalcollegeforfiveyears,Janetookupherjobasadoctorinthecountryside.

②Althoughbasketballtookupmostofmyfreetime,Ididn’tneglectmystudy. ③Henry,it’syourturn.Pleasetakeupthestoryfromwhereweleftoffbeforethecoffeebreak.④Peterwill

astheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.

彼得下个月底将担任这家旅行社的负责人。⑤Someinsects

thecolouroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.

一些昆虫呈现它周围环境的颜色来保护自己。⑥Theplanewill

oncethefoghaslifted.

等雾一消散，飞机便起飞。开始从事占用(时间)继续，接下去take

up

his

positiontake

ontake

off

peculiarity

/pɪˌkjuːliˈærəti/n.个性;特点;怪异的性质peculiar /pɪˈkjuːliə(r)/ adj.奇怪的；特别的eccentric/oddencountervt.

偶然碰到;遇到n.

邂适;遭遇comeacross/runintoencounter

v.偶然碰到；遇到

n.邂逅；遭遇1.Althoughweencounteredsomanyproblemsinourwork,wenevergaveup.

尽管我们在工作中遇到如此多的问题，但我们从未放弃。2.Ihadabriefencounterwithanangryclient.

我和一个愤怒的客户有过短暂的接触。3.PerhapsIshallcomeacrossmyoldfriendinFrance.

也许我会在法国遇见我的老朋友。encounterproblems/difficulties遇到问题/困难encounteropposition/resistance遇到反对/抵抗achanceencounter偶然相遇acloseencounterwith...近距离接触……haveanencounterwith...与……相遇注：表示“偶然碰到，碰见”的短语还有:comeacross，runacross，runinto。单句语法填空/完成句子①WhenIfirstlearnedtowriteinEnglish,I

(encounter)manychallenges.②Wehadafrighteninglycloseencounter

ablackbear.③Iran

Johninthelibraryafterwork,andwehadalongconversationaboutHemingway.④WhenI

inEnglishlearning,myteacherwillexplainthempatiently,helpingmeovercomethedifficulties.

当我在英语学习中遇到问题的时候，我的老师耐心地给我解答，帮助我克服困难。encounteredwithacross/intoencounter

problemsprofessor/prəˈfesə(r)/n.教授profession：职业professional：专业的Hisprofessionisaprofessionalprofessor.mourn/mɔːn/vt.＆.vi.哀悼;忧伤mournsb.向某人致哀mournfor… 哀悼…；为…而忧伤

mournern.哀悼者mournfuladj.哀痛的，令人伤心的;悲伤的mournfullyadv.悲哀地，凄惨地remarkable/rɪˈmɑːkəbl/adv.非凡的;显著的同义词：outstanding，extraordinaryremarkable

adj.非凡的；显著的1.Beijing,thecapitalofChina,isremarkableforitslongmagnificenthistory.北京是中国的首都，因其悠久而辉煌的历史而著称。2.Itisremarkablethatwomendidnothavethevoteuntilthattime.妇女直到那个时候才有选举权，这很令人惊讶。3.Hemadeanumberofruderemarksaboutthefoodhere.关于这里的食物他做了许多无礼的评论。4.Alocalnewspaperremarkedthatcaraccidentswereonthedecreaseduetotheforcefullaw.一家地方报纸评论说由于强有力的法律措施，车祸在减少。beremarkablefor以……著称remarkably

adv.非常；极为；格外；出乎意料地remark

n.谈论；言论；评述

v.

谈论；评论；说起makearemark/remarkson/upon...对……发表意见remarkon/upon...谈论/评论……单句语法填空/完成句子①Sincethen,wehavemade

(remark)progressinmaths.②Thesemarketshavemuchincommon,buteachisalso

(remarkable)different.③Theeditor

(remark)thatthearticlewaswellwritten.④Don’tmakeruderemarks