《国际货运代理英语》课件-国际货代实务

国际货代实务Aircargoratesarebasedonthevalueofserviceorthecostofservice.航空费率主要依据的是产品的价值以及服务的成本。Valueofserviceratesaredemandbasedandconsiderthesensitivityofthecargotofreightrates.服务费率的价值取决于货物对于运费的敏感程度。Thelesssensitivethecargotorates,thehighertheratewillbe.货物对运价越不敏感，运价越高。

Freightcarriersusethegreateroftheactualweightordimensionalweighttocalculateshippingcharges.航空货物的收费主要依据重量和体积两种测量方式进行。

TheAirWaybill(AWB)isthemostimportantdocumentissuedbyacarriereitherdirectlyorthroughitsauthorizedagent.Itisanon-negotiabletransportdocument.Itcoverstransportofcargofromairporttoairport.航空运单是由承运人自己或其委托人开立的重要单据。它是不可转让单据，内容主要负责货物从一个机场到另一个机场的相关事宜。（一）按有无承运人的名称分类（1）航空主运单（MasterAirWaybill

，MAWB）凡由航空运输公司签发的航空运单就称为主运单。（2）航空分运单（HouseAirWaybill

，HAWB）航空货运代理公司在办理集中托运业务时签发给各个发货人的运单。（二）按照不同作用分类（1）航空公司货运单（AirlineAirWaybill）印有出票航空公司（issuecarrier）名称及标志（航徽、代码等）的航空货运单。这类空运单代表出票航空公司的身份。（2）中性货运单（NeutralAirWaybill）没有预先在运单上打印任何承运人名称及标志的货运单。这类空运单不代表任何一个航空公司，是中立货运单。Consolidationcanbenefitallconcernedincluding：SippersconsigneesCarriersforwardersShippersandConsigneesShippersandconsigneesgetthebenefitofaratelowerthanwhattheywouldhavenormallypaidtothecarrier.Itisparticularlybeneficialtosmallshippers.CarriersAcarrierdoesnothavetohandleindividualconsignmentsandthisresultsinconsiderablesavingsindocumentationcosts,timeandlaborFreightForwarderTheforwarder,againstacalculatedrisk,canfinanciallybenefitfromthedifferencebetweenthetotalfreightchargescollectedfromtheindividualLCLconsignmentsagainsthispayableofFCLfreightchargestothecarrier.

Byissuinghistransportdocuments,theconsolidatorassumestheroleofacarrierandisresponsibleforthecarryingoutoftheentiretransportfromthetimethegoodsaredeliveredtohimattheplaceoforiginuntiltheyaredeliveredatdestination.Butsomeconsolidatorsdonotacceptsuchliability.Theycontinuetoassumeliabilityappropriatetotheroleofanagentandmakethisclearintheirtransportdocuments.Manyconsolidators,particularlyincountieswherethestandardtradingconditionshavebeenupdated,acceptsuchliabilityandresourceagainsttheresponsiblecarrier.Thosewhoissuethetransportdocumentshavenecessarilytoacceptsuchliability.Underthetermsofsuchdocuments,whenthestageatwhichthelossordamageoccurredisknow,theconsolidator’sliabilitywillbedeterminedbytheapplicableinternationalconventionornationallaw.

Consolidationservicescanbeprovidedbyafreightforwarderfortheoverseasimportwhobuyssmallconsignmentsofmerchandisefromnumerousvendors.Inthecaseofairtransport,anairfreightconsolidatorshouldshipgoodsbyaironbehalfofaclient,butdoesnotownoroperateitsownairplanes.Anairfreightconsolidatorreceivesthegoodsfromtheclientandpassesthemontoathirdpartythat