专题03阅读理解(说明文)(二)

专题03阅读理解(说明文)(二)高频话题06人与自然—人与动植物Passage1[2025广东省三校高三下学期2月第一次模拟考试一模]Thewoollymammothisoneofthemosticonicanimalsoftheprehistoricera,yetitremainsshroudedinmystery.Oftendepictedasslow,clumsy,andillsuitedtoitsenvironment,anewwaveofresearchischallengingtheselongheldassumptions.Thewoollymammoth,amassiveherbivorewithlong,curvedtusks,roamedtheicylandscapesofEurasiaandNorthAmericaduringtheIceAge.Thesecolossalcreaturesstoodupto11feettallandweighedasmuchas6tons,makingthemlargerthanmodernelephants.Theysubsistedonadietofgrasses,shrubs,andothervegetation,usingtheirtuskstodigthroughsnowandicetoreachfood.Duetothescarcityofwellpreservedmammothremains,scientistshavehadlimitedopportunitiestostudytheseancientbeasts.However,recentadvancementsinpaleontologyandgeneticshaveallowedresearcherstopiecetogetheramoreaccuratepictureoftheirlives.ByanalyzingancientDNAandfossilizedfootprints,scientistshavediscoveredthatwoollymammothswerefarmoreagileandadaptablethanpreviouslythought.Oneofthemostsignificantfindingsisthatwoollymammothshadstrong,flexibletendonsintheirlegs,whichenabledthemtomoveswiftlyacrossthefrozenterrain.Fossilevidencealsosuggeststhattheylivedinplexsocialgroups,similartomodernelephants,andhadhighlydevelopedsurvivalstrategiestoenduretheharshIceAgeconditions.Woollymammothswentextinctaround4,000yearsago,likelyduetoabinationofclimatechangeandhumanhunting.However,theirextinctionwasnotduetoalackofintelligenceoradaptability.Infact,recentstudiesindicatethattheywerehighlyintelligentanimalswithstrongproblemsolvingabilities.Theongoingresearchintowoollymammothsispartofabroaderefforttounderstandtheecologyandbehaviorofextinctspecies.‌“Weareonthebrinkofuncoveringthetruenatureofthesemagnificentcreatures,”saidDr.ElenaIvanova,aleadingpaleontologist.‌“Thewoollymammothwasnotjustarelicofthepast,butahighlyevolvedandresilientanimalthatthrivedforthousandsofyears.”Asscientistscontinuetounravelthemysteriesofthewoollymammoth,wearegainingadeeperappreciationforthisancientgiantanditsplaceinthehistoryofourplanet.1.Whatwasthetraditionalviewofthewoollymammoth?A.Itwasaslow,clumsy,andillsuitedanimaltoitsenvironment.B.Itwashighlyintelligentandadaptable.C.Itwassmallerthanmodernelephants.D.Itwasasolitaryanimalwithnosocialstructure.2.Howhaveresearchersgainednewinsightsintothewoollymammoth?A.Bystudyingwellpreservedmammothremainsfoundinlargequantities.B.ByanalyzingancientDNAandfossilizedfootprints.C.Byobservingthebehaviorofmodernelephants.D.Byusingputersimulationstomodeltheirbehavior.3.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewoollymammoth’sextinctionfromthearticle?A.Itwasprimarilyduetoitsinabilitytoadapttochangingclimates.B.Itwasaresultofbothclimatechangeandhumanhunting.C.Itwascausedbyasuddenandcatastrophicevent.D.Itwasmainlyduetopetitionwithotherprehistoricanimals.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase‌“onthebrinkofuncovering”meaninthecontextofthearticle?A.Justbeginningtounderstand.B.Almostpletelysolved.C.Facingamajorchallenge.D.Reachingacriticalpoint.【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了史前动物猛犸象，挑战了人们对它的传统看法，讲述了研究新发现，还提及了其灭绝原因及研究意义。1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Oftendepictedasslow,clumsy,andillsuitedtoitsenvironment,anewwaveofresearchischallengingtheselongheldassumptions.(猛犸象经常被描绘成行动迟缓、笨拙且不适应环境的动物，而新一轮的研究正在挑战这些长期以来的假设)”可知，传统观点认为猛犸象是行动缓慢、笨拙且不适应环境的动物。故选A项。2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“However,recentadvancementsinpaleontologyandgeneticshaveallowedresearcherstopiecetogetheramoreaccuratepictureoftheirlives.ByanalyzingancientDNAandfossilizedfootprints,scientistshavediscoveredthatwoollymammothswerefarmoreagileandadaptablethanpreviouslythought.(然而，古生物学和遗传学的最新进展让研究人员能够更准确地拼凑出它们的生活画面。通过分析古代DNA和化石脚印，科学家发现猛犸象比以前认为的要敏捷和适应能力强得多)”可知，研究人员通过分析古代DNA和化石脚印获得了关于猛犸象的新见解。故选B项。3.细节理解题。根据第五段中“Woollymammothswentextinctaround4,000yearsago,likelyduetoabinationofclimatechangeandhumanhunting.(猛犸象大约在4000年前灭绝，可能是气候变化和人类狩猎共同作用的结果)”可知，猛犸象的灭绝是气候变化和人类狩猎共同导致的。故选B项。4.词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Theongoingresearchintowoollymammothsispartofabroaderefforttounderstandtheecologyandbehaviorofextinctspecies.(正在进行的对长毛猛犸象的研究是了解灭绝物种的生态和行为的更广泛努力的一部分)”和划线词后“...thetruenatureofthesemagnificentcreatures(……这些伟大生物的真实本性)”可知，对长毛猛犸象的研究正在进行中，所以我们才刚刚开始了解它的真实本性，故划线词“onthebrinkofuncovering”的意思是“刚开始去了解”，与“Justbeginningtounderstand”意思一致。故选A项。Passage2[2025江西省部分学校高三下学期2月一模考试]Toavoidhumans,mountainlionsintheGreaterLosAngelesareaarechangingtheiractivitypatterns.Thebigcatslivingnearareaswherehumanshike,runandcyclearebeingincreasinglymorenocturnal(夜行的).ThefindingsaredetailedinastudypublishedinthejournalBiologicalConservation.“Peopleareincreasinglyenjoyingrecreatinginnature,whichisfantastic,”studycoauthorEllieBolassaidinastatement.“Thisflexibilityweseeinmountainlionactivityiswhatallowsustosharethesenaturalareastogether.”Mountainlionsaretopcarnivorouspredators(食肉捕食者)thateatawidevarietyofmeatincludingdeer,wildpigsandrabbits.Whilemountainlionsrarelyattackhumans,theycanstillbedangeroustohikers,runners,orcyclistswhospendtimeintheirhabitats.ThemountainlionsintheGreaterLosAngelesareafacenumerouschallenges—busyroadwayswherethey’reoftenhitbycars,thethreatofwildfires,harmfulchemicalsanddisturbedhabitats.Generally,mountainlionsprefertoavoidhumansaltogether.Butinanurbanareahometomorethan18millionpeople,thenaturalspotswheremountainlionslivearealsoheavilyusedbyrecreationists.“Theseresultsarereallyimportantinthattheyshowhowhumansmaybeaffectingwildlifeinlessobviouswaysthankillingthemwithvehicles,”SethRiley,astudycoauthor,saidinastatement.“Thestudyalsocontinuestodrivehometheamazingfactthatapopulationoflargefieldpredatorswandersinoneofthelargesturbanareasintheworld.Thatwouldnotbepossibleifmountainlionsweren’tabletoadjusttohumanactivity.”However,it’snotonlyuptothemountainlions.Peoplehavearoleinhelpingprotectthemselves,theirpets,andmountainlionsbybeingawareofthehightimeformountainlionactivity.Becarefulifyouhavetodriveatnight,whenmountainlionslivinginpopulatedareasaremorelikelytobeactive.1.WhatisEllieBolas’attitudetowardpeople’srecreationinnature?A.Unclear. B.Doubtful. C.Intolerant. D.Supportive.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutmountainlionsintheGreaterLosAngelesareafromparagraph3?A.Theirhabitatsareundisturbed. B.Theyareunderthreat.C.Theytendtogetclosetohumans. D.Theirattacksonhumansaremon.3.WhatdoSethRiley’swordssuggestaboutmountainlions’adaption?A.Itdisplaystheirdisastrousimpact. B.Itisaresultofhumanconservationefforts.C.Itiskeytotheircoexistencewithhumans. D.Ithasledtothedecreaseofhumanactivity.4.Whatistheauthor’sadviceforhumans?A.Enjoyactivityinpopulatedareas. B.Traintheirpetstogetactiveatnight.C.Avoidencounterswithmountainlions. D.Drivequicklytopassbymountainlions.【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大洛杉矶地区的美洲狮为避开人类改变活动模式，它们面临诸多挑战，研究人员对其相关情况发表了看法，同时也提到了人类应如何避免与它们相遇。1.推理判断题。根据第二段““Peopleareincreasinglyenjoyingrecreatinginnature,whichisfantastic,”studycoauthorEllieBolassaidinastatement.(该研究的合著者EllieBolas在一份声明中说：“人们越来越喜欢在大自然中休闲，这太棒了。”)”可推知EllieBolas对人们在大自然中娱乐的态度是支持的，故选D。2.细节理解题。根据第三段“ThemountainlionsintheGreaterLosAngelesareafacenumerouschallenges—busyroadwayswherethey’reoftenhitbycars,thethreatofwildfires,harmfulchemicalsanddisturbedhabitats.Generally,mountainlionsprefertoavoidhumansaltogether.Butinanurbanareahometomorethan18millionpeople,thenaturalspotswheremountainlionslivearealsoheavilyusedbyrecreationists.(洛杉矶地区的美洲狮面临着许多挑战——繁忙的道路，它们经常被汽车撞到，野火的威胁，有害化学物质和被破坏的栖息地。一般来说，美洲狮更喜欢避开人类。但在一个拥有1800多万人口的城市地区，美洲狮生活的自然景点也被休闲人士大量使用。)”可知说明大洛杉矶地区的美洲狮面临着被车撞、野火威胁、有害化学物质以及栖息地被破坏等诸多挑战，也就是它们受到威胁，故选B。3.推理判断题。根据第四段““Theseresultsarereallyimportantinthattheyshowhowhumansmaybeaffectingwildlifeinlessobviouswaysthankillingthemwithvehicles,”SethRiley,astudycoauthor,saidinastatement.“Thestudyalsocontinuestodrivehometheamazingfactthatapopulationoflargefieldpredatorswandersinoneofthelargesturbanareasintheworld.Thatwouldnotbepossibleifmountainlionsweren’tabletoadjusttohumanactivity.”(该研究的合著者SethRiley在一份声明中说：“这些结果非常重要，因为它们表明，人类可能以比用车辆杀死野生动物更不明显的方式影响野生动物。”“这项研究还继续揭示了一个惊人的事实，即一群大型野外食肉动物在世界上最大的城市地区之一游荡。如果美洲狮不能适应人类的活动，这是不可能的。”)”可推知如果美洲狮不能适应人类活动，它们就不可能在世界上最大的城市地区之一生存，说明美洲狮的适应能力是它们与人类共存的关键。故选C。4.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Becarefulifyouhavetodriveatnight,whenmountainlionslivinginpopulatedareasaremorelikelytobeactive.(如果你必须在晚上开车，要小心，因为生活在人口密集地区的美洲狮更有可能活跃。)”可知作者对人类的建议是避免遇到美洲狮。故选C。Passage3[2025福建省厦门市高中毕业班第一次质量检测]Wildchimpanzeesseemtolearnskillsfromeachotherandthen—muchashumansdo—improveonthosetechniquesfromonegenerationtothenext.Inparticular,youngfemalesthatmigrate(迁徙)betweengroupsbringtheirculturalknowledgewiththem,andgroupscanbinenewtechniqueswithexistingonestogetbetteratsearchingforfood.Such“cumulativeculture”meanssomechimpanzeemunitiesarebeingmoretechnologicallyadvanced—althoughvery,veryslowly.“Ifchimpanzeeshavesomeculturalknowledgethatthemunitythey’removingintodoesn’thave,theymaypassiton—justinthesamewaywepassonthegenes(基因),”saysAndrewWhitenattheUniversityofStAndrews.“Andthenthatculturebuildsup.”Scientistsknewchimpanzeesusedtoolsandpassedontheknowledge,buttheirlackofsignificantinnovationparedtohumanspuzzledresearchers.CassandraGunasekaramattheUniversityofZurichsuspectedshemightbeabletoapplygeneticanalysistothepuzzle.Toseeifyoungfemalesbringtheirskillsetsintotheirnewgroups,sheandhercolleagueslookedatdatapreviouslycollectedbyotherresearchgroupsat35studysitesinAfricaandincludedinformationaboutwhattools,ifany,eachanimalused,aswellastheirgeneticconnectionsoverthepast15,000years.“Thegeneticsgiveusakindoftimemachineintothewayculturehasbeentransmitted(传播)acrosschimpanzees,”saysWhiten.Somechimpanzeesusedplextools,forexampleadrillingstickandafishingbrushforhunting.TheresearchersfoundthechimpanzeeswiththemostadvancedtoolsetswerethreetofivetimesmorelikelytosharethesameDNAasthosethatusedsimpletoolsornotoolsatall,eventhoughtheymightlivethousandsofkilometresaway.Andadvancedtoolusewasalsomorestronglyassociatedwithfemalemigrationparedwithsimpleornotooluse.“Ourinterpretationisthattheseplextoolsetsarereallyinventedbyperhapsbuildingonasimplerformfrombefore,andthereforetheyhavetodependontransmissionbyfemalesfromthemunitiesthatinventedtheminitiallytotheothermunities,”saysWhiten.“Itshowsthatplextoolswouldrelyonsocialexchangesacrossgroups—whichisverysurprisingandexciting,”saysGunasekaram.1.Whichbestdescribes“cumulativeculture”inparagraph2?A.Theimmediateadoptionofadvancedtoolsforfood.B.Thegradualbuildupofculturalknowledgeovertime.C.Theindependentinventionoftoolswithoutpriorskills.D.Thepreservationofculturalknowledgeforgenerations.2.HowdidGunasekaram’steamconducttheirresearch?A.Byobservingchimpanzeesat35studysites.B.Byanalyzingexistingdataonchimpanzees.C.Byparingchimpanzeesintermsoftheirtooluse.D.Byinvestigatinggeneticconnectionsofchimpanzees.3.Whatledtochimpanzees’useofplextools?A.Humaninfluences. B.Foodhuntingstrategy.C.Socialpetition. D.Crossgroupinteractions.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Thelearninggapsbetweenchimpanzeesandhumans.B.Theenvironmentalimpactonchimpanzees’behaviors.C.Thegeneticdiversityofchimpanzeesinthewilderness.D.Theroleoffemalechimpanzeesinculturaltransmission.【答案】1.B2.B3.D4.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了野生黑猩猩如何学习技能并在一代又一代中改进这些技能，特别是年轻雌性在群体间迁徙时带来的文化知识能够提升技能，从而改进觅食技巧。1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Inparticular,youngfemalesthatmigrate(迁徙)betweengroupsbringtheirculturalknowledgewiththem,andgroupscanbinenewtechniqueswithexistingonestogetbetteratsearchingforfood.Such“cumulativeculture”meanssomechimpanzeemunitiesarebeingmoretechnologicallyadvanced—althoughvery,veryslowly.(尤其是迁徙到不同群体的年轻雌性黑猩猩会带着它们的文化知识，群体可以将新的技术与现有的技术结合起来，更好地寻找食物。这种“累积文化”意味着一些黑猩猩群体正在变得更加技术先进——尽管非常非常慢)”可知，“累积文化”是指随着时间的推移逐渐积累文化知识。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“sheandhercolleagueslookedatdatapreviouslycollectedbyotherresearchgroups(她和同事分析了先前其他研究小组收集的数据)”可推知，Gunasekaram团队是通过分析现有的关于黑猩猩的数据进行研究的。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Ourinterpretationisthattheseplextoolsetsarereallyinventedbyperhapsbuildingonasimplerformfrombefore,andthereforetheyhavetodependontransmissionbyfemalesfromthemunitiesthatinventedtheminitiallytotheothermunities(我们的解释是，这些复杂的工具可能是在以前的简单形式的基础上创造出来的，因此它们必须依赖于最初发明它们的社区的女性向其他社区的传播)”可推知，黑猩猩使用复杂工具是因群体间的相互交流所致。故选D。4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wildchimpanzeesseemtolearnskillsfromeachotherandthen—muchashumansdo—improveonthosetechniquesfromonegenerationtothenext.(野生黑猩猩似乎彼此学习技能，然后——就像人类一样——将这些技术从一代代改进下去)”根据文章第二段“Inparticular,youngfemalesthatmigrate(迁徙)betweengroupsbringtheirculturalknowledgewiththem,andgroupscanbinenewtechniqueswithexistingonestogetbetteratsearchingforfood.(特别是，迁徙的年轻雌性带来了文化知识，群体可以将新技术与现有技术结合起来，更好地寻找食物)”并结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了雌性黑猩猩在文化传播中的角色。故选D。Passage4[2025安徽省合肥市高三上学期第一次教学质量检测]Itmightsurpriseyoutolearnthatdogsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleasconservationists.Forcenturies,theyhavebeenknownasman’sbestfriends.Now,theirunique.abilitiesarebeingmadeuseoftohelpprotectsomeoftheworld’smostthreatenedspecies.Quickandloyal,dogspossessmanyqualitiesthatmakethemidealforfieldwork,butit’stheirextraordinarysenseofsmellthatmakestheminvaluableforconservationwork.Witharound220millionolfactoryreceptors(嗅觉受体)paredtojust5millioninhumans,dogscandetectscents(气味)andanalyzethemwithastonishingaccuracy,devoting40timesmoreoftheirbraintoscentanalysisthanwedo.Thankstothisincredibleability,somedogsarenowbeingtrainedtosaveatriskanimalsbysniffing(嗅)outtheirdroppings.AttheUniversityofWashington’sConservationCannesfacility,20speciallytraineddogshavesuccessfullytrackedkillerwhaledroppings,whichonlyfloatbrieflyontheocean’ssurface.Analyzingthesesamplesenablesscientiststomonitorthehealthofkillerwhalepopulations,whichareundersignificantstressfromfoodshortages,pollution,andboattraffic.Beyondtrackinganimaldroppings,conservationdogsarealsotrainedforliveanimaldetection,furthershowcasingtheirabilities.Theycanlocaterarespeciesintheirnaturalhabitats.Additionally,theyarenowusedtotacklethenonnativespeciesthatthreatenthesurvivalofthelocalwildlife.Dogsalsotakeonotherimportantroles.Forexample,atKenya’sMombasaport,dogssniffoutillegalwildlifeproductssuchasrhinohornsandivory.AcrossAfrica,theyworkonthefrontlinesagainstillegalhunting,servingasapowerfulsecurityforceenhancer.Whiledogsmaynotbetheultimatesolutiontoeveryconservationchallenge.theirinparableabilitiesmaketheminvaluablepanionsinthefighttoprotectourplanet’sbiodiversity.1.Whyarethefiguresmentionedinthesecondparagraph?A.Tohighlightthesuperiorityofdogs’senseofsmell.B.Tosuggesttheamazingaccuracyofdogs’analysis.C.Torecognizetheimportanceofconservationwork.D.Toshowdogs’impressiveachievementsinfieldwork.2.Howdodogshelpprotectkillerwhales?A.Bytrackingtheirmovements.B.Bydetectingtheirdroppings.C.Bymonitoringtheirpopulations.D.Byanalyzingthecollectedsamples.3.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph4?A.WildlifeproductsarepopularinAfricancountries.B.Nonnativespeciesaffectthesurvivaloflocalwildlife.C.Dogsareusedtodetectandpreventillegalwildlifetrade.D.Dogscanaccuratelylocatethenaturalhabitatsofrarespecies.4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toappealtopeopletoprotectbiodiversity.B.Toreportvariousenvironmentalchallenges.C.Tointroducedogs’rolesinconservationefforts.D.Toprovetheconventionalclaimofdogs’qualities.【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是狗凭借其卓越的嗅觉能力，在保护濒危物种、打击非法野生动物交易等方面发挥重要作用，成为生态保护中的宝贵助手。1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Witharound220millionolfactoryreceptors(嗅觉受体)paredtojust5millioninhumans,dogscandetectscents(气味)andanalyzethemwithastonishingaccuracy,devoting40timesmoreoftheirbraintoscentanalysisthanwedo.(狗拥有大约2.2亿个嗅觉受体，而人类仅有500万个，狗能以惊人的准确性检测和分析气味，它们用于气味分析的大脑部分比人类多出40倍。)”可知，本段使用了具体的数字来比较狗和人类的嗅觉受体数量以及大脑用于分析气味的比例，以此突出狗的嗅觉能力远超人类。故选A项。2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“AttheUniversityofWashington’sConservationCaninesfacility,20speciallytraineddogshavesuccessfullytrackedkillerwhaledroppings,whichonlyfloatbrieflyontheocean’ssurface.Analyzingthesesamplesenablesscientiststomonitorthehealthofkillerwhalepopulations,whichareundersignificantstressfromfoodshortages,pollution,andboattraffic.(在华盛顿大学的保护犬设施，20只特别训练的狗已经成功追踪到了虎鲸的粪便，这些粪便仅在海面上短暂漂浮。分析这些样本使科学家能够监测虎鲸种群的健康状况，这些种群正因食物短缺、污染和船只交通而承受着巨大的压力。)”可知，经过特别训练的狗可以追踪到虎鲸的粪便，进而科学家分析这些粪便样本监测虎鲸种群的健康状况，由此可知，通过嗅探虎鲸的粪便帮助保护虎鲸。故选B项。3.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Dogsalsotakeonotherimportantroles.Forexample,atKenya’sMombasaport,dogssniffoutillegalwildlifeproductssuchasrhinohornsandivory.AcrossAfrica,theyworkonthefrontlinesagainstillegalhunting,servingasapowerfulsecurityforceenhancer.(狗还承担着其他重要角色。例如，在肯尼亚的蒙巴萨港，狗嗅探出非法的野生动物产品，如犀牛角和象牙。在整个非洲，它们在打击非法狩猎的第一线工作，充当强大的安保力量增强者。)”可知，狗还承担其他重要的角色，进而在下文中列举了狗嗅探出非法的野生动物产品，由此可知，本段举例说明狗在打击非法野生动物交易方面的作用。故选C项。4.推理判断题。根据首段中的“Itmightsurpriseyoutolearnthatdogsareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleasconservationists.(你可能会惊讶地发现，狗作为保护者正发挥着越来越重要的作用。)”以及尾段“Whiledogsmaynotbetheultimatesolutiontoeveryconservationchallenge.theirinparableabilitiesmaketheminvaluablepanionsinthefighttoprotectourplanet’sbiodiversity.(虽然狗可能不是解决每个保护挑战的最终方案，但它们无与伦比的能力使它们成为保护地球生物多样性斗争中不可或缺的伙伴。)”以及作者描述的狗在保护工作中扮演的不同角色，包括追踪动物排泄物、现场活体探测、定位稀有物种、应对威胁本地野生动物生存的非本土物种、以及打击非法狩猎等，由此可知，文章旨在向读者介绍狗在保护生物多样性方面所发挥的重要作用。故选C项。Passage5[2025·浙江杭州·一模]“Growingfruittreesisaverysimplewaytostayinlovewithourworld,”saysVivianKeh,playwrightanddaughterofimmigrants,holdingabasketofpersimmons(柿子)she’scultivatedtofeelconnectedtoherKoreanancestors.Kehisjustoneofthe50remarkablesubjectsinnaturalistwriterAmyStewart’sTheTreeCollectors:TalesofArborealObsession,acollectionofportraitsofpeopletransformedbytheirloveoftrees.Initially,treesstruckStewartasanoddthingtocollect.Intriguedbythismunityofenthusiasts,shediscoverededucators,preservationistsandvisionaries,alldrawntoakindofcuration,motivatedbyreasonsdiverseastheirprojects.Theyplanttreesinpublicandprivatespacesbothmodestandexpansive,nurturing(培育)theircollectionstohonorbeloveddead,attractwildlife,preserverarespecies’connecttohistory,investinthefuture,growfoodandcreatebeauty.Stewardcategorizesthesetreecollectorsaccordingtotheirsenseofpurpose.KennethHoegh,oneofthebook’s“ecologists”,testswhichcoldlovingspeciesmightgrowinawarmingandhistoricallytreelessGreenland.“Healer”JoeHamiltonplantsloblollypinesonaparceloflandhegotfromhisenslavedancestorswithaneyetowardlongtermsustainableforestrywhichhehopeswillestablishasourceofgenerationalwealthforhisfamily.ReaganWytsalucyhasaplantorestoretraditionalpeachorchardsonNavajolandasoneofthe“munitybuilders”whoseektobringpeopletogether.Addingtothebook’scharmareStewart’swatercolor’illustrations—shegivesUsalookateachofherhumansubjectswhilealsocatalogingthemostwonderfulqualitiesoffeaturedtrees,suchasSeussianeucalyptusseedpodsanddelicatecamelliablossoms.Afterspendingtimeinthisvariedmonwealth,you’llundoubtedlyexperienceanintensedesiretorestundertheshadeofaleafyoak.Butsomethingevendeeperishappeninghere:bycreatingaspaceforpeopletotalkaboutsomethingtheylove.“Howoftendoanyofusgetachancetopourourheartsouttoastranger?”shewrites.“Somehow,talkingabouttreesmadeitpossible.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“curation”inparagraph2mean?A.Connection. B.Collection. C.Treatment. D.Transformation,2.Whatpurposeofplantingtreesismentionedinparagraph3?A.Topreserverarespecies. B.Tohonorbeloveddead.C.Todevelopnewvarieties. D.Tostrengthensocialbonds.3.Whatdoesthequoteinthelastparagraphsuggestaboutdiscussingtrees?A.Itinspiresnewideas. B.Itrarelyhappensinpublic.C.Itallowsdeepemotionalsharing. D.Ithelpsresolveenvironmentalissues.4.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthebook?A.plicated. B.Conventional. C.Inspiring. D.Intense.【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然主义作家艾米·斯图尔特的作品TheTreeCollectors:TalesofArborealObsession，该书描绘了50位因对树木的热爱而改变的人物。1.词句猜测题。由文章第二段“Initially,treesstruckStewartasanoddthingtocollect.Intriguedbythismunityofenthusiasts,shediscoverededucators,preservationistsandvisionaries,alldrawntoakindofcuration,motivatedbyreasonsdiverseastheirprojects.(起初，斯图尔特觉得收集树木很奇怪。被这个爱好者群体所吸引，她发现了教育工作者、保护主义者和梦想家，他们都被这一种所吸引，其动机与他们的项目不同)”可知，这里curation应指前一句中所提及的收集，所以猜测curation表“收集”的意思。故选B项。2.推理判断题。由文章第三段“‘Healer’JoeHamiltonplantsloblollypinesonaparceloflandhegotfromhisenslavedancestorswithaneyetowardlongtermsustainableforestrywhichhehopeswillestablishasourceofgenerationalwealthforhisfamily.ReaganWytsalucyhasaplantorestoretraditionalpeachorchardsonNavajolandasoneofthe‘munitybuilders’whoseektobringpeopletogether.(‘治疗师’乔·汉密尔顿在他从被奴役的祖先那里获得的一块土地上种植火炬松，着眼于长期可持续的林业，他希望这将为他的家庭建立一代人的财富来源。ReaganWytsalucy计划恢复纳瓦霍土地上的传统桃园，作为寻求将人们聚集在一起的‘社区建设者’之一)”可知，第3段提到植树是可以加强社会联系的。故选D项。3.推理判断题。由文章最后一段“‘Howoftendoanyofusgetachancetopourourheartsouttoastranger?’shewrites.‘’Somehow,talkingabouttreesmadeitpossible.’(她写道：‘我们中有多少人有机会向陌生人倾诉心声？不知何故，和树聊天可以使这成为可能。’)”可知，和树聊天可允许人们进行深度的情感分享。故选C项。4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Afterspendingtimeinthisvariedmonwealth,you’llundoubtedlyexperienceanintensedesiretorestundertheshadeofaleafyoak.Butsomethingevendeeperishappeninghere:bycreatingaspaceforpeopletotalkaboutsomethingtheylove.(在这个多样化的联邦度过一段时间后，你无疑会强烈渴望在绿树成荫的橡树下休息。但这里正在发生更深层次的事情：为人们创造一个谈论他们喜欢的事情的空间)”以及上下文可知，作者认为这本书鼓舞人心，会让读者爱上树以及向往书里的生活。故选C项。高频话题07人与社会—竞技/比赛Passage1[2025福建省厦门市高中毕业班第一次质量检测]AttheParis2024Olympics,sportclimbingfeaturedtwomedaleventsformenandwomen:SpeedandabinedBoulder&Leadevent.Behindthescenes,thereisacrucialbutoftenunseenfigure—MartinHammerer,headoftheexperiencedteamresponsiblefortheLeadroutes,whohasbeensettingroutesinternationallysince2007.“Theactualdesigntookplaceattheclimbingwall.TheInternationalFederationofSportClimbing(IFSC)preselectedthematerial,whichwethenusedtosettheroutes,”HammererexplainedwhenaskedabouthisworkinParis.“Westartedwiththefinals—whichwasthehighlight—andworkedbackwardtothesemifinals.Afterpletingaroute,wephotographedit,removedandstoredtheholdsforlateruse.”Thefocusfortheroutesettersistoofferachallengingbutalsofairpetition.RoutesforthebinedBoulder&Leadeventwerecarefullydesignedtoensurethatspecialistsinonedisciplinedidn’thaveanunfairadvantage.“Ouraimistoofferabalancedpetition,”Hammerersaid.“Forthepodiums(领奖台),theathleteshavetobereallystronginbothdisciplines.”Routesettingreliesheavilyontheteam’screativity.Thestylehaschangedoverthepast15years,withtoday’srouteslooserandmoredynamic.“Thematerialsandstructureshavealsochangedgreatly,”Hammerersaid.“Everyseasonweadapttotheathletesanew.”Routesettingusedtobequiteindependentandgreatlyinfluencedclimbingstyle.“Butnow,federationssettrainingroutesforathletes.Whenweseethisonsocialmedia,wegetnewinputforourwork,”Hammererreflected.AsHammereroncesaid,“Climbersevolve,andsomustwe.”Hecontinuestoshapethefutureofclimbing—oneroute,onechallenge,onestoryatatime.1.WhatdoesHammererdo?A.Hepetesinsportclimbingevents. B.HecoachesathletesfortheOlympics.C.Hedesignsroutesforsportclimbing. D.Hejudgesclimbingpetitions.2.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thematerialsusedforroutesetting. B.Theprocessofsettingclimbingroutes.C.Thecriteriaforroutesofvariedlevels. D.Thelocationselectedforroutesetting.3.HowdidHammerer’steamachievetheiraim?A.Bybalancinginnovationandadaptation.B.Bystickingtofederations’trainingroutes.C.Bypromotingtheirconceptthroughsocialmedia.D.Bydiscipliningthemselvestofollowstrictguidelines.4.WhatmessagedoesHammererconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Changeistheonlyconstant.C.Slowandsteadywinstherace. D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会攀岩比赛背后的关键人物——马丁·哈默尔(MartinHammerer)，他负责设计攀岩比赛的路线，并详细描述了他的工作内容、设计理念以及攀岩路线设置的发展变化。1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Behindthescenes,thereisacrucialbutoftenunseenfigure—MartinHammerer,headoftheexperiencedteamresponsiblefortheLeadroutes,whohasbeensettingroutesinternationallysince2007.(在幕后，有一个关键但往往不为人知的人物——MartinHammerer，负责Lead路线的经验丰富的团队负责人，自2007年以来一直在国际上制定路线。)”可知，Hammerer是设计运动攀岩路线的，故选C。2.主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Theactualdesigntookplaceattheclimbingwall.TheInternationalFederationofSportClimbing(IFSC)preselectedthematerial,whichwethenusedtosettheroutes,”HammererexplainedwhenaskedabouthisworkinParis.“Westartedwiththefinals—whichwasthehighlight—andworkedbackwardtothesemifinals.Afterpletingaroute,wephotographedit,