广东省佛山市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题【含答案】

第PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber页，共NUMPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages页第PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber页，共NUMPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages页广东省佛山市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题一、阅读理解（本大题共3小题）In1980,whenMalcolmCampbellwasaseniorinhighschool,hetookahistoryclasswithateachernamedDonLawson.OneoftheunitsthatMr.Lawsontaughtwasaboutthe1960s,andmovementsagainsttheVietnamWar.Fortwodays,Mr.LawsonplayedthemsongsbyBobDylantoshowthatartcanbeanimportantvehicleforprotest.Onthesecondday,Campbellraisedhishand,withaquestion.“Isthisgonnabeonthetest?”herecalledasking.“AndMr.Lawsonlookedatmeandsaid,‘No,man,thisisforyou,’”Campbellsaid.That’swhenCampbellsuddenlyunderstoodwhatMr.Lawsonwastryingtodo.“Itwaslikeinthemovies,”Campbellremembered.“Alightwentoffinmyhead,andIrealized,‘Wow,he’splannedthismaterialnotforthecontent,butforpersonalenrichment—formyownepiphany.’”Campbellwentontoearnadoctor’sdegreeinbiology.Fromthere,hespent30yearsteachingbiologyatDavidsonCollege.Allalong,hekeptthelessonsofMr.Lawsoninthebackofhismind.“Itriedtoconveytheideatomystudentsthattheyshouldbeaseageraspossibleinschool,andlearnasmuchaspossible,”Campbellsaid.“Don’tworryaboutpleasingme.Doitforyourself,”Campbelltoldhisstudents.Campbellrecentlyretiredfromteaching.Lookingbackathislongacademiccareer,oneofhisproudestachievementswashelpingstudentshavetheirownmomentsofenlightenment(启迪).“That’sanamazingcareer—basicallyIgoaroundthrowinglitmatchesontomassesofleavesandwatchingthemtakefire,”Campbellsaid.“Andthat’sprettycool.Becauseoncetheyreallyunderstandwhatlearningis,allyougottadoisaddthatmatch,andpoof...they’regoingtolearntherestoftheirlives,”Campbellsaid.“Andthat’swhatMr.Lawsondidforme.”1．WhydidMr.LawsonplayDylan’ssongsinclass?A．Tohighlighttheroleofsongs. B．Toprovidethecontentsofexams.C．Toencouragestudents’interaction. D．ToprotestagainsttheVietnamWar.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“epiphany”probablymean?A．Interest. B．Realization. C．Passion. D．Reflection.3．Whatshouldateacherdoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Learnfromexperiencedteachers. B．Arousestudents’passionforlearning.C．Devotetheirwholelifetothecareer. D．Provideprofessionalhelpforstudents.Everyspring,abouttwobillionbirdsflythroughTexas.However,lightpollutioninurbanareascanbedeadlyformanymigratory(迁徙的)species.TheexpertsfromtheTexasConservationAlliance,whorantheLightsOutprogramin2020,convinceddowntownbusinessesandresidentstoswitchoffunnecessarylightingfrom11p.m.to6a.m.duringspringandautumn,reducinglightpollutionthatisotherwisemisleadingtobirds.AsofOctober31of2024,theteamrecorded42birddeaths,downfromthe110deathsdocumentedinthefallof2023.ThisispartlyduetothesupportofdowntownbuildingownerswhohaveagreedtoturnofflightsovernightafterjoiningtheLightsOutprogramin2021.Inadditiontomakingtheverysimpleswitch,LightsOutteachescityofficialsandotherinvolvedpartieshowtodecreaselightpollutionandsaveurbanwildlife.TheAlliancehasalsodevelopedawaytoforecastbirdmigrationduringspecifictimesandinspecificlocations,helpingresidentsandbusinessespredictwhenbirdsmaypasssotheycanactivatetheLightsOutprogrammoreaccurately.Andit’snotjustawinforthebirds,butforeveryonewhosharesanecosystemwiththem.Birdsaregoodsignsofecosystemhealth.Plus,birdslookandsoundreallycoolandhaveinterestingbehaviors.Birdloverscandotheirpart,too.TheLightsOutprogram,forinstance,hasstartedusingdBird,awebsitewhereresidentscanreportcasesofdeadandinjuredbirds,whichhelpsexpertstargettheirefforts.“We’reonlyoneteam.Wecan’tcollectallthedataonthebuildingstrikes.Weknowthereismorehappening,”directorMeiLingLiutoldareporter.“Sospreadingthewordthatanyonecanreportabirdstrikeandhelpuscollectthisdataiswhatwe’retryingtodowiththiswebsite.”4．Whatdoesparagraph3tellusabouttheLightsOutprogram?A．Itraisedawarenessofconservation. B．Itaimedtoreduceelectricitywaste.C．Ithelpeddecreasethedeathsofbirds. D．Itbecamepopularamongthecountry.5．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph5?A．Toexplorewaysofconservation. B．Torecognizetheimportanceofbirds.C．Toconfirmthefunctionofecosystem. D．Toassesstheeffectivenessoftheprogram6．WhatisthesignificanceofdBird?A．Ittracksthereportedbirds. B．Itbringsbirdenthusiaststogether.C．Itincreasesthenumberofbirds. D．Itallowsbirdloverstocontribute.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．GoDarktoSaveBirds B．LeadtheBirdsHomeC．RescuetheDyingBirds D．TurnOffLightsforFutureWhenitcomestotellingwhethersomeoneislying,wecurrentlyhaveveryfewoptions,butateamofIsraeliresearchersclaimstohavecomeupwithsomethingbetterthananythingwe’veseenbefore.Usingstickerscontainingelectrodes(电极)thattracktheactivityofmuscles,theresearchers.ledbyProfessorDinoLevy,discoveredthatsomepeopleunintentionallyactivatemusclesintheircheeksandeyebrowswhentheylie.Nosensorshadbeenabletomeasuretheseminormusclemovementsbefore,buttheinnovativeonesinventedbyDinoLevyprovedsensitiveenough.Basedontheassumptionthatfacialmusclescontort(扭曲)whenwelie,Levy’steamattachedthenovelstickerstoanumberoftestsubjects’checksandeyebrows,andmadethemsitface-to-facewhiletheteamspokeaseriesofwords,sometrueandsomefalse.Oneofthesubjectsworeheadphonesandhadtorepeatthewordsbeingtold,whichmeantsometimestheyhadtoliewhilerepeatingfalsewords.Thepersonsittingontheothersidehadtofigureoutwhentheywerebeingliedto.Atsomepoint,theychangedroles.Asexpected,studysubjectshadaverytoughtimedetecting(发现)theirpartners’lies.Theelectricalsignalsdeliveredbytheelectrodesattachedtotheirfaces,ontheotherhand,managedtocatchliesatarateof73%,betterthananyotherexistingtechnology.“Inourstudy,wehadtheadvantageofknowingwhatthesubjectsheardthroughtheheadsets,andthereforealsoknowingwhentheywerelying,”Levysaid.“Thus,usingadvancedmachinelearningtechniques,wetrainedourprogramtodetectliesbasedonsignalsfromtheelectrodes.”Oncetheliedetectionrateimprovesenough,thistechnologycouldbeusedinmanyareas,suchasairportsecurity,onlinejobinterviews,andevenpoliceinvestigations.Itwouldhelpdetectliesmorecorrectlyandquickly,makingitausefultoolforfieldsthatrelyontrustandtruthfulness.8．WhatistheIsraeliresearchers’achievement?A．Atechniqueformachinelearning. B．Anewwayofconductingresearch.C．Amethodfordetectinghumanlies. D．Anewassumptionabouthumanlying.9．Whydidtheresearchersaskthesubjectstodetectlies?A．Tomeasurethesubjects’ability. B．Toexplorethemotivesbehindlies.C．Totestthenewtypeoftechnology. D．Totrackthesubjects’muscleactivities.10．Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggestaboutthetechnology?A．Ithasbeenusedinmanyfields. B．Itwillreplacehumansinfuturejobs.C．Itrequireslargeamountsoftests. D．Itshowsgreatpotentialforfutureuse.二、其他（本大题共1小题）11．将下列语句（A、B、C、D和E）按题号排序，构成一个符合逻辑的完整语篇。A．Natureisconnectedandcontrolledbymanyfoodchains(链).Afoodchaindescribeswhoeatswhominahabitat.B．Withrisingawarenessofhowweaffectthenaturalenvironment,hopefullywecanlearntoprotectthesefoodchainsandhelpthemtogrow.Otherwisethecontinuedlossofspecieswilleventuallymeanourownextinction.C．Althoughtherearestrictrulescontrollingthemovementofanimalsandplantsbetweencountriesnowadays,somepartsoftheworldarestillexperiencingproblemswithinvasive(入侵的)speciesintroducedhundredsofyearsago.D．Whenoneofthelinksinafoodchainisnolongerpresent-forexample,aspeciesgoesextinct-thefoodchainbreaksandsometimesthiscancauseotheranimalstodisappearandthewholesystemcanbecomeimbalancedorevencollapse.E.Usually,humanactivityisthemaincauseofafoodchainbreak.Whenpeoplefirstexploredtheworld,theytookanimalandplantspeciesfromtheirhometotheplacestheyexplored.Theydidnotrealizethatintroducinginvasivespecieswasactuallybreakingthenaturalfoodchainsthere.→→→→三、阅读理解（本大题共1小题）Habitsallowustomakeactionsweperformfrequentlyautomatic,forexample,cookingfamiliarfoodsanddrivinghomefromwork.Consistentlypracticinggoodbehaviorhelpstodeveloppositiveandlastinghabits.12Andbothbuildinggoodhabitsandbreakingbadhabitscanbechallenging,solearningsomeeffectivestrategiesisnecessary.13Therewardmustbedeliveredconsistentlyandimmediatelyafterthedesiredbehavior.Forexample,youcouldrewardyourselfforcleaningtheapartmentbyplayingyourfavoritevideogame.Remembertodothepleasurableactivityeachtimeyouperformthehealthybehavior.14Haveyounoticedchangesinyourshoppingbehaviorafteralocalshoppingcenterrearrangesitslayout?Thisisbecausechangingenvironmentalsignalsaffectshabitualbehavior.15Theseincludegoingtocollege,startinganewjob,gettingmarried,retiring,andsoon.It’simportanttorecognizetheseopportunities:theyarechancestoreshapeourhabits.Forexample,notlivingnexttoafast-foodrestaurantcanbeanopportunitytoformhealthiereatinghabits.Tobreakbadhabits,wemayconsiderincreasingthedifficultyofperformingunhealthybehaviors.16ThisiswhatItoldafriendcomplainingaboutherlittleboy’sunhealthyeatinghabits.Isuggestedthemothermakeitmoretime-consumingfortheboytoaccessfattyandsweetsnackswhilemakingfreshfruitseasilyaccessibletothechild.A．Thisregularityhelpsstrengthenthehabit.B．Thiswillhelpchildrenrealizetheirbadhabits.C．Itoftenoccursasaresultoflifecoursechanges.D．Butunhealthybehaviorscanalsobecomehabitual.E．Itisimportantforthesocietytobuildarewardsystem.F．Atthesametime,weshouldmakeiteasiertoperformthegoodhabit.G．Toturnahealthybehaviorintoahabit,youcanthinkofaneffectivereward.四、完形填空（本大题共1小题）Anemergencycallfromadadhavingchestpainsandtroublebreathingcanbeascarything.Butthankfully,a(n)17betweenthatdad’s5-year-olddaughterandpolicedispatcher(调度员)JasonBonhamturnedouttobemorehumorthan18.Therecordinghasrepeatedlygoneviral(走红)since2010.It’sperfectly19.WhenanIndianadadcalledthepoliceandcouldn’t20,hisdaughterSavannahpickedupthephone.Remainingremarkablycalm,thegirl21answeredJason’squestions-andaddedherlivereportaswell.AtJason’srequest,shemadesurethefrontdoorwas22sotheemergencycrewcouldgetin.Shetoldhimabouttheirdog,who“barksalot,”butwas“friendly.”She23herdad,saying“Don’tworry,Dad”and“Staycalm,Dad.”ShealsokeptJasoninformedwithwhatwashappening,repeatedlysaying,“Sofar,sogood.”Butthemost24partwaswhenSavannahtoldJasonsheandherdadwereintheir“jammies(睡衣)”soshe’dhavetochange.“Idon’tknowwhatI’mgonna25,but...oh,Dadreallyneedsoxygen,realfast.”JasonsaidhewassurprisedbyhowSavannah26thecall.“Mostpeoplewouldgetfrightenedinsuchasituation.EverytimeIlistentotherecordingI’m27.She’sjustalittleperson.”28,despitethescare,everythingturnedoutfineforSavannah’sdad.Whenthe29wentviral,hermompostedonthesocialmedia,“WearesogratefulthatSavannah’semergencycallisstillbeing30.Itmakestheentirenightworthwhile.Themore31itbringsandthemoreadultsteachchildrenwhattodo,thebetter!”17．A．quarrel B．agreement C．conversation D．secret18．A．horror B．inspiration C．surprise D．disappointment19．A．acceptable B．suitable C．hopeless D．timeless20．A．move B．talk C．wait D．help21．A．eagerly B．expertly C．politely D．casually22．A．unlocked B．undamaged C．checked D．marked23．A．wokeup B．dressedup C．comforted D．pleased24．A．amusing B．touching C．important D．curious25．A．take B．do C．find D．wear26．A．viewed B．handled C．made D．expected27．A．concerned B．amazed C．satisfied D．relaxed28．A．Somehow B．Indeed C．Luckily D．Ironically29．A．joke B．interview C．story D．article30．A．passedaround B．referredto C．studied D．checked31．A．guidance B．opportunity C．encouragement D．awareness五、语法填空（本大题共1小题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。TwoAmericanofficersrecentlyhadanunexpectedencounterinthelineofduty.Theofficerspulledoveracar.Theirguns32(draw)becausesuchsituationsoftenturndeadly,andcarefulnessisnecessary.Unexpectedly,twochildren,a10-year-oldboyandan11-year-oldgirl,33(step)outofthecar.Thetwochildren,34aresiblings(姐弟),turnedouttoberunaways.Forthegirl,hermother35(take)awayherelectronicdeviceswasthebreakingpoint.ShewastryingtoescapetoCalifornia36herbrother.Manychildrenrunawayfromhomeatsomepointintheirchildhood,37mostdonotgetfar.Inthiscase,38pairhadtraveled320kilometers.Themotherofthechildrenhadreportedhercar39(steal)andherchildrenmissingfourhours40(early),buthadnotguessedthechildrenhadactuallytakenthecar.Thepoliceinterviewedthechildrenandconcludedtheywerenotbeingmistreatedathome.Clearly,themotherwouldneverchoose41(press)chargesagainstherchildren.六、单项选择（本大题共10小题）42．Mostofthefoodtheybuyisprocessedinsomeway.A．broughtin B．sentover C．prepared D．labeled43．I’dliketohighlightthebenefitsofextensivereading.A．stress B．prove C．discuss D．explain44．Theirtalkinthelibrarygetsinthewayofmyconcentration.A．breaks B．requires C．attracts D．avoids45．Iwasbornwithanenormousamountofdriveandenthusiasm.A．ability B．skills C．imagination D．energy46．Eleanorspentmuchofthesummerbrushinguponherdriving.A．testing B．practicing C．learningfrom D．doingresearchon47．I’mgladthathedidn’tsimplyovertakeMichaelandcomethird.A．laughat B．takenoticeof C．pass D．ignore48．Theyhaveshiftedtheirattitudestomentalillnessinrecentyears.A．maintained B．changed C．expressed D．shaped49．Thepoorsalesperformanceisdowntotheineffectivemarketingstrategy.A．leadsto B．arisesfrom C．hasaninfluenceon D．takestheformof50．I’mwaybeyondashyperson,butI’mwiredupeveryday,likemostpeople.A．similarto B．thesameas C．familiarwith D．farfrom51．Afterhundredsoffailedexperiments,theycameacrossapromisingchemical.A．dangerous B．industrial C．pure D．favorable七、单词拼写（本大题共10小题）52．Youcancmebyemailifyouhaveanyquestions.(根据首字母单词拼写)53．Soonerorlateryou’llathebeautyofthislanguage.(根据首字母单词拼写)54．Itisadjobandsheneedstoworkhardtodoitwell.(根据首字母单词拼写)55．Thelocalgovernmenteaschooltogetthesekidseducated.(根据首字母单词拼写)56．Theflooddthewholevillage,leavingthousandsofpeoplehomeless.(根据首字母单词拼写)57．Hegoestothegymona(n)(有规律的)basistokeepfit.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)58．Thebuswasso(拥挤)thattherewasbarelyanyroomtostand.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)59．Wearepleasedto(宣告)thatalltheapplicantsweresuccessful.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)60．Hecanalwayssortoutsimple,effective(解决办法)topracticalproblems.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)61．Studentsareexpectedto(掌握)somecutting-edgeinformationtechnology.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)八、翻译（本大题共3小题）62．女孩在阅读方面表现优于男孩，这与女孩更享受阅读有关。(汉译英)63．成功不是由你拥有多少钱来衡量，而是由你为社会作了多少贡献来衡量的。（汉译英）64．这件事摧毁了我的身心，而我在不到一天的时间里，头发就从黑色变成了白色。（汉译英）九、书信写作（本大题共1小题）65．上周末，你从学校乘坐公交车返回家中时遭遇交通拥堵。请你写一篇短文，给学校英文报专栏“BeyondtheClassroom”投稿，分享本次经历，内容包括：1．交通拥堵情况；2．你的感想。注意：1．词数100左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。ALongRideHome____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案【答案】1．A2．B3．B【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马尔科姆·坎贝尔在高中时上的一堂历史课对他产生的深远影响，以及他后来成为教师后如何将这种教学理念传递给自己的学生。【解析】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fortwodays,Mr.LawsonplayedthemsongsbyBobDylantoshowthatartcanbeanimportantvehicleforprotest.(劳森老师连续两天给他们播放鲍勃·迪伦的歌曲，以表明艺术可以成为抗议的重要载体)”可知，劳森先生播放鲍勃・迪伦的歌曲是为了展示艺术可以成为抗议的重要工具，也就是强调歌曲(艺术形式之一)的作用。故选A项。2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Alightwentoffinmyhead,andIrealized,‘Wow,he’splannedthismaterialnotforthecontent,butforpersonalenrichment(我突然灵光一闪，意识到：“哇，他准备这些教学内容不是为了让我们掌握知识本身，而是为了让我们实现自我提升)”中“notforthecontent,butforpersonalenrichment”可推知，老师的这些材料不是为了内容本身，而是为了让学生实现自我提升，即让学生自己意识到一些事情，实现个人的领悟。故划线词epiphany的意思是“领悟”，与realization同义。故选B项。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Becauseoncetheyreallyunderstandwhatlearningis,allyougottadoisaddthatmatch,andpoof…they’regoingtolearntherestoftheirlives(因为一旦他们真正理解了什么是学习，你所要做的就是点燃那根火柴，然后噗……他们就会终身学习)”可推知，老师应该做的就是点燃学生学习热情的“火柴”，即激发学生的学习热情。故选B项。【答案】4．C5．B6．D7．A【分析】本文是说明文。文章通过介绍“LightsOut”计划及其在减少城市光污染、保护迁徙鸟类方面的成效，向读者传递了关于光污染对鸟类的影响以及如何采取措施减轻这一影响的信息。【解析】4．主旨大意题。根据第三段“AsofOctober31of2024,theteamrecorded42birddeaths,downfromthe110deathsdocumentedinthefallof2023.ThisispartlyduetothesupportofdowntownbuildingownerswhohaveagreedtoturnofflightsovernightafterjoiningtheLightsOutprogramin2021.(截至2024年10月31日，该团队记录了42只鸟类死亡，低于2023年秋季记录的110只。这是因为，从2021年开始加入LightsOut计划后，同意在夜间熄灯的市中心业主们的支持)”可知，本段主要告诉我们LightsOut计划有助于减少鸟类的死亡。故选C项。5．推理判断题。根据第五段“Andit’snotjustawinforthebirds,butforeveryonewhosharesanecosystemwiththem.Birdsaregoodsignsofecosystemhealth.Plus,birdslookandsoundreallycoolandhaveinterestingbehaviors.(这不仅是鸟类的胜利，也是所有与它们共享生态系统的人的胜利。鸟类是生态系统健康的良好标志。此外，鸟类看起来和听起来都很酷，行为也很有趣)”可知，本段目的是强调鸟类的重要性。故选B项。6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Birdloverscandotheirpart,too.TheLightsOutprogram,forinstance,hasstartedusingdBird,awebsitewhereresidentscanreportcasesofdeadandinjuredbirds,whichhelpsexpertstargettheirefforts.(鸟类爱好者也可以尽自己的一份力量。例如，熄灯计划已经开始使用dBird网站，居民可以在这个网站上报告鸟类死亡和受伤的情况，这有助于专家有针对性地开展工作)”可知，dBird的意义是允许鸟类爱好者做出贡献，故选D项。7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Everyspring,abouttwobillionbirdsflythroughTexas.However,lightpollutioninurbanareascanbedeadlyformanymigratory(迁徙的)species.(每年春天，大约有20亿只鸟飞过德克萨斯州。然而，城市地区的光污染对许多迁徙物种来说是致命的)”以及第二段“TheexpertsfromtheTexasConservationAlliance,whorantheLightsOutprogramin2020,convinceddowntownbusinessesandresidentstoswitchoffunnecessarylightingfrom11p.m.to6a.m.duringspringandautumn,reducinglightpollutionthatisotherwisemisleadingtobirds.(德州自然保护联盟的专家们在2020年开展了LightsOut计划，他们说服市中心的企业和居民在春季和秋季的晚上11点到早上6点关掉不必要的照明，减少对鸟类产生误导的光污染)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了LightsOut项目通过减少光污染来保护鸟类迁徙的成效，并号召大家一起参与关闭不必要的灯光以拯救鸟类。所以A项“熄灯以拯救鸟类”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。【答案】8．C9．C10．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项由以色列研究人员开发的新技术，该技术通过使用含有电极的贴纸来追踪面部肌肉活动，从而帮助检测人们是否在说谎。【解析】8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whenitcomestotellingwhethersomeoneislying,wecurrentlyhaveveryfewoptions,butateamofIsraeliresearchersclaimstohavecomeupwithsomethingbetterthananythingwe’veseenbefore.(说到判断某人是否在说谎，目前我们的方法非常有限，但以色列的一个研究团队声称，他们想出了比我们之前见过的任何方法都更好的办法。)”以及下文“Usingstickerscontainingelectrodes(电极)thattracktheactivityofmuscles,theresearchers.ledbyProfessorDinoLevy,discoveredthatsomepeopleunintentionallyactivatemusclesintheircheeksandeyebrowswhentheylie.(研究人员由DinoLevy教授带领，他们使用含有追踪肌肉活动电极的贴纸，发现有些人在说谎时会无意识地牵动脸颊和眉毛处的肌肉。)”可知，以色列研究人员的成就是一种检测人是否说谎的方法。故选C。9．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Asexpected,studysubjectshadaverytoughtimedetecting(发现)theirpartners’lies.Theelectricalsignalsdeliveredbytheelectrodesattachedtotheirfaces,ontheotherhand,managedtocatchliesatarateof73%,betterthananyotherexistingtechnology.(不出所料，参与研究的对象很难察觉他们搭档的谎言。另一方面，贴在他们脸上的电极所传递的电信号，成功以73%的准确率识破谎言，这比任何现有技术都要好。)”可知，通过这种方式来验证这种利用电极贴纸检测谎言的新技术，看其测谎准确率，所以让受试者检测谎言是为了测试这种新型技术。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Oncetheliedetectionrateimprovesenough,thistechnologycouldbeusedinmanyareas,suchasairportsecurity,onlinejobinterviews,andevenpoliceinvestigations.Itwouldhelpdetectliesmorecorrectlyandquickly,makingitausefultoolforfieldsthatrelyontrustandtruthfulness.(一旦测谎准确率提高到足够高，这项技术就可以应用于许多领域，比如机场安检、在线求职面试，甚至警方调查。它将有助于更准确、快速地检测谎言，使其成为依赖信任和真实性的领域的有用工具。)”可知，一旦测谎率足够提高，这项技术可以应用于机场安检、在线求职面试、警方调查等许多领域，能够更准确快速地检测谎言，对依赖信任和真实性的领域很有用，这表明该技术在未来使用中有很大的潜力。故选D。11．【答案】ADECB【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食物链在自然环境中的重要性，人类活动对食物链的破坏以及如何通过保护食物链来维护生态平衡的重要性。【详解】1.文章主要介绍了食物链在自然环境中的重要性，人类活动对食物链的破坏以及如何通过保护食物链来维护生态平衡的重要性。本句为整个段落的第一句，所以本句应介绍食物链的定义。选项A“Natureisconnectedandcontrolledbymanyfoodchains(链).Afoodchaindescribeswhoeatswhominahabitat.(自然是由许多食物链连接和控制的。食物链描述了栖息地中谁吃谁。)”符合题意。故选A。2.上文解释了食物链的概念，本句应对食物链进行进一步解释和举例说明。选项D“Whenoneofthelinksinafoodchainisnolongerpresent-forexample,aspeciesgoesextinct-thefoodchainbreaksandsometimesthiscancauseotheranimalstodisappearandthewholesystemcanbecomeimbalancedorevencollapse.(当食物链中的一个环节不再存在时，例如，一个物种灭绝——食物链就会断裂，有时这会导致其他动物消失，整个系统会变得不平衡甚至崩溃。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。3.上文介绍了食物链断裂的情况，本句应对食物链的断裂原因进行解释。选项E“Usually,humanactivityisthemaincauseofafoodchainbreak.Whenpeoplefirstexploredtheworld,theytookanimalandplantspeciesfromtheirhometotheplacestheyexplored.Theydidnotrealizethatintroducinginvasivespecieswasactuallybreakingthenaturalfoodchainsthere.(通常，人类活动是食物链断裂的主要原因。当人们第一次探索世界时，他们把动物和植物物种从家里带到了他们探索的地方。他们没有意识到引入入侵物种实际上是在打破那里的自然食物链。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。4.上文介绍了以前人们引入入侵物种打断食物链的情况，本句应介绍现在外来物种的入侵情况。选项C“Althoughtherearestrictrulescontrollingthemovementofanimalsandplantsbetweencountriesnowadays,somepartsoftheworldarestillexperiencingproblemswithinvasive(入侵的)speciesintroducedhundredsofyearsago.(尽管现在有严格的规则控制动植物在国家之间的流动，但世界上一些地区仍然面临着数百年前引入的入侵物种的问题。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。5.上文介绍了现在外来物种的入侵情况，本句应强调保护食物链。选项B“Withrisingawarenessofhowweaffectthenaturalenvironment,hopefullywecanlearntoprotectthesefoodchainsandhelpthemtogrow.Otherwisethecontinuedlossofspecieswilleventuallymeanourownextinction.(随着人们对我们如何影响自然环境的认识不断提高，希望我们能学会保护这些食物链，帮助它们生长。否则，物种的持续丧失最终将意味着我们自己的灭绝。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。【答案】12．D13．G14．A15．C16．F【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何养成良好的习惯以及打破不良习惯的策略。【解析】12．根据前文“Consistentlypracticinggoodbehaviorhelpstodeveloppositiveandlastinghabits.(坚持练习良好的行为有助于培养积极和持久的习惯)”以及后文“Andbothbuildinggoodhabitsandbreakingbadhabitscanbechallenging,solearningsomeeffectivestrategiesisnecessary.(养成好习惯和改掉坏习惯都是有挑战性的，所以学习一些有效的策略是必要的)”可知，前文提到好习惯，后文讲述养成好习惯和改掉坏习惯都是有挑战性的，所以空处应是提到坏习惯，D项“Butunhealthybehaviorscanalsobecomehabitual.(但不健康的行为也会成为习惯)”承接上文，和上文构成转折关系，并引出下文。故选D项。13．设空位于句首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Therewardmustbedeliveredconsistentlyandimmediatelyafterthedesiredbehavior.Forexample,youcouldrewardyourselfforcleaningtheapartmentbyplayingyourfavoritevideogame.(奖励必须始终如一地在期望的行为之后立即发放。例如，你可以通过玩你最喜欢的电子游戏来奖励自己打扫了公寓)”可知，本段主要讲述通过奖励来养成好的习惯，所以G项“Toturnahealthybehaviorintoahabit,youcanthinkofaneffectivereward.(要把健康的行为变成习惯，你可以想一个有效的奖励)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选G项。14．设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Forexample,youcouldrewardyourselfforcleaningtheapartmentbyplayingyourfavoritevideogame.Remembertodothepleasurableactivityeachtimeyouperformthehealthybehavior.(例如，你可以通过玩你最喜欢的电子游戏来奖励自己打扫了公寓。记住，每次你做健康的行为时，都要做愉快的活动)”可知，A项“Thisregularityhelpsstrengthenthehabit.(这种规律有助于加强习惯)”是对前文的总结，其中regularity指的就是每次你做健康的行为时，都要做愉快的活动。故选A项。15．根据前文“Haveyounoticedchangesinyourshoppingbehaviorafteralocalshoppingcenterrearrangesitslayout?Thisisbecausechangingenvironmentalsignalsaffectshabitualbehavior.(你是否注意到当地购物中心重新布局后，你的购物行为发生了变化？这是因为不断变化的环境信号会影响习惯性行为)”以及后文“Theseincludegoingtocollege,startinganewjob,gettingmarried,retiring,andsoon.It’simportanttorecognizetheseopportunities:theyarechancestoreshapeourhabits.Forexample,notlivingnexttoafast-foodrestaurantcanbeanopportunitytoformhealthiereatinghabits.(这些包括上大学、开始一份新工作、结婚、退休等等。认识到这些机会很重要：它们是重塑我们习惯的机会。例如，不住在快餐店旁边可能是形成更健康饮食习惯的机会)”可知，本段讲述了因为生活中的改变而形成新的习惯，所以C项“Itoftenoccursasaresultoflifecoursechanges.(它通常是由于生命历程的改变而发生的)”是对前文的进一步解释，而后文是对本句的具体举例。故选C项。16．根据前文“Tobreakbadhabits,wemayconsiderincreasingthedifficultyofperformingunhealthybehaviors.(为了改掉坏习惯，我们可以考虑增加执行不健康行为的难度)”以及后文“ThisiswhatItoldafriendcomplainingaboutherlittleboy’sunhealthyeatinghabits.Isuggestedthemothermakeitmoretime-consumingfortheboytoaccessfattyandsweetsnackswhilemakingfreshfruitseasilyaccessibletothechild.(这是我对一个抱怨她儿子不健康饮食习惯的朋友说的话。我建议这位母亲让男孩吃高脂肪和甜的零食更费时，同时让孩子更容易吃到新鲜水果)”可知，后文的例子，作者建议这位母亲增加执行不健康行为的难度，同时让好习惯变得更容易，所以F项“Atthesametime,weshouldmakeiteasiertoperformthegoodhabit.(同时，我们应该让养成好习惯变得更容易)”承接上文，符合下文举例。故选F项。【答案】17．C18．A19．D20．B21．B22．A23．C24．A25．D26．B27．B28．C29．C30．A31．D【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个5岁小女孩Savannah在父亲突发疾病无法说话时，镇定地接听警察调度员的电话，并提供了必要的信息，帮助救援人员顺利进入家中救助父亲的故事。【解析】17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但幸运的是，这位父亲5岁女儿与警方调度员JasonBonham之间的对话，更多的是充满幽默而非恐惧。A.quarrel争吵；B.agreement协议；C.conversation对话；D.secret秘密。根据下文“WearesogratefulthatSavannah’semergencycallisstillbeing17.”以及文章内容可知，空处指的是女儿和警方调度员JasonBonham之间的对话。故选C。18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但幸运的是，这位父亲5岁女儿与警方调度员JasonBonham之间的对话，更多的是充满幽默而非恐惧。A.horror恐怖；B.inspiration灵感；C.surprise惊讶；D.disappointment失望。根据下文““Mostpeoplewouldgetfrightenedinsuchasituation.EverytimeIlistentotherecordingI’m18.She’sjustalittleperson.””以及常理可知，大多数人面对这样的情况都会感到害怕，而这个小女孩却没有。故选A。19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它堪称经典，永不过时。A.acceptable可接受的；B.suitable适合的；C.hopeless无望的；D.timeless永恒的。根据上文“Therecordinghasrepeatedlygoneviral(走红)since2010.”以及下文“WearesogratefulthatSavannah’semergencycallisstillbeing

19.Itmakestheentirenightworthwhile.”可知，这段对话永不过时。故选D。20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，印第安纳州的一位父亲拨打