2025届福建省泉州市高三下学期教学质量检测（三）英语试题

2025届福建省泉州市高三下学期教学质量检测（三）英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解ScienceSummerProgramsLetyourinnerscientistcomeouttoplayandexplorethewondersofthenaturalworld:takepartinoneofthemanysciencesummerprogramsavailable.Theseprogramsandcamps,tailoredformiddleandhighschoolers,offeratreasurelistofpossibilitiesforlearningandadventure.Seekingaboostforyourcurrentscienceclasses?EagertocheckoutdifferentSTEMfields?There’saprogramforyou!Program1:WorldScholarsAcademyWorldScholarsAcademyprovidesliveonlinesummercoursesforstudentsfromages12-18designedandtaughtbyworld-leadinginstructorsfromestablisheduniversities.Exploreyourfuturecareerpathandaccelerateyoursuccesswithpersonalisedacademicguidanceandhigh-levelinstructionfromtheworld’smostaccomplishededucators.Program2:STEM/MedicineProgramsatLeadingUniversitiesOutsetisaleading1-weekpre-collegeprogramattopuniversitiesfor9th-12thgradersinterestedinSTEM,medicineandhealthcarecareers.Ifstudentsareinterestedinaphysicianorhealthcarecareer,Outsetmightbeagreatchoice.Wehelpstudentsbuildconfidenceandprepareforthepre-medpath.Theyalsogettotryhands-onactivitiesandhearworld-classspeakersontheirhealthcareerinterest.Applyonlinetoday!Program3:TeachMeWallStreetWallStreet101+Investing&Trading+Budgeting&Beyond–3weekFinanceandLifeSkillsprogramforgrades9-12.100%virtualprogramperfectforstudentswithsummerjobs,thosewhocannottravelandthosewhowanttogetthemselvesupforfuturefinancialsuccess.Program4:PolygieneSummerResearchProgramYoursubject,yourschedule,yourproject.Becomearesearcherwithone-on-oneguidancefromaPhDcandidatefromaTopUniversity.Polygieneresearchprogramsareavailableyear-roundandareproventogivestudentstheultimateedgeincollegeadmissionsbyhelpingyoudemonstratewhoyouareandwhatyoucareabout.1．Whatdothefirsttwoprogramshaveincommon?A．Career-relatedexploration. B．Career-planningcourses.C．Offlineguidance. D．Hands-onactivities.2．Whichprogrammostattractsastudentinterestedinfinance?A．Program1. B．Program2. C．Program3. D．Program4.3．WhatisafeatureofPolygieneSummerResearchProgram?A．Givensubjects. B．Fixedschedules.C．Individualisedinstruction. D．Admissionguarantee.WhenIwasfour,mygrandfathersuddenlygotlostinaparkoneday.ItwasthefirstinstancethatinformedusthathehadAlzheimer’sdisease(阿尔茨海默病).Overthepast12years,hisworseningconditionandhiswanderinghavebeenworryingus.Myauntstruggledtostayawakeatnighttowatchoverhim,butoftenfailed.Concernedaboutmyaunt’swell-beingandmygrandfather’ssafety,Isearchedwidelyforasolution,butinvain.Thentwoyearsago,whilelookingaftermygrandfather,Iwasimpressedbythemomentwhenhisfootlandedonthefloor.Whydon’tIputapressuresensoronthebottomofhisfoot?Oncehesteppedontothefloorandoutofthebed,thepressuresensorwoulddetectanincreaseinpressurecausedbybodyweightandthenwirelesslysendanalarmtothecaregiver’ssmartphone.Mydesiretocreateasensor-basedtechnologywasborn.Whenlayingoutmyplan,Ifacedthreemainchallenges.First,Ihadtocreateawearablesensor.Aftertestingdifferentmaterialslikerubber,whichwastoothick,Idecidedtoprintafilmsensorwithpressure-sensitiveinkparticles(颗粒).Next,Ihadtodesignawearablewirelesscircuit.Thankfully,IwasabletofindoutabouttheBluetoothlowenergytechnology,whichproduceslittlepowerandcanbedrivenbyacoin-sizedbattery.Lastly,Ilearnttocode(编码)asmartphoneapptoturnthecaregiver’ssmartphoneintoaremotemonitor.Integratingthesecomponents,Isuccessfullycreatedtwomodels:abuilt-insocksensorandare-attachableone.Havingtesteditonmygrandfatherwith100%successindetectinghiswandering,Ibeta-testeditatCaliforniacarefacilitieslastsummer.Now,I’musingresponsefromteststoimproveitintoamarketableproduct.OnethingI’llneverforgetiswhenmydevicefirstcaughtmygrandfather’swanderingatnight.Atthatmoment,Iwasreallystruckbythepoweroftechnologytochangelivesforthebetter.4．Whatdrovetheauthortoseekasolution?A．HisknowledgeaboutAlzheimer’s. B．Theencouragementfromhisaunt.C．Hisworriesabouttreatingpatients. D．Thestruggleoftendinghisgrandfather.5．Whatisthepurposeofdetectingthepressureunderapatient’sfeet?A．Tomeasurehisweight. B．Tomonitorhismotion.C．Torecordhiswalkingpace. D．Toestimatehishealthstatus.6．Whydidtheauthorchooseaprintedfilmsensor?A．It’sthin. B．It’senergy-saving.C．It’scoin-sized. D．It’swireless.7．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．ProtectingWanderingLovedOnesB．HowTechnologyEmpowersLivesC．TheChallengesofAlzheimer’sDiseaseCareD．AFamily’sStrugglewithAlzheimer’sDiseaseResearchersexploringthelightlesslandscapeofthePacificOceanfloorthinkthey’veobservedhowoxygenisproducedonEarth.Untilnow,itwasthoughtthatoxygenwascreatedonlythroughphotosynthesis,aprocessthatrequiressunlight.Butthediscoverycastsdoubtonthatideaandraisesnewquestionsabouttheoriginsoflifeitself.TheresearchteaminScotland,believeoxygenisbeingproducedbyelectricallychargedmaterialcalledpolymetallicnodules(多金属结核),whichrangeinsizefromasmallparticletoaboutthedimensionsofapotato.Thesenodules—“effectivelybatteriesinarock,”Sweetmansaid—mayusetheirelectricchargetosplitseawaterintohydrogenandoxygeninaprocesscalledseawaterelectrolysis(电解).Researchersconductedtestsontheseafloorandalsocollectedsamplestotestaboveground,andtheycameupwiththesameresult:thatoxygenlevelsincreasednearthepolymetallicnodules.Seawatercanbesplitintohydrogenandoxygenwith1.5volts(伏特)ofelectricity,whichistheamountinanAAbattery.Researchersfoundthatsomeofthenodulespossessedasmuchas0.95voltsofelectricity,andmultiplenodulestogetherproducedenoughvoltages.Polymetallicnodulescontainmetalssuchasmanganese,nickelandcobalt,whichcanbeusedtomakethelithium-ionbatteriesusedinconsumerelectronics,appliancesandelectricvehicles.FranzGeiger,aNorthwesternUniversitychemistryprofessor,saidthattheremaybeenoughpolymetallicnodulesinanareaofthePacificOceancalledtheClarion-ClippertonZonetomeetglobalenergydemandsfordecadesafter.Butminingwouldhavetobeconductedinawaythatdidnotremoveoxygenforlifeformsinthatzone.“Afewyearsago,ateamofmarine(海洋)biologistswentbacktothoseareasmined40yearsagoandfoundessentiallynolife,”Geigersaid.“Andthenafewhundredmetersovertotheleftandright,wherethenoduleswereuntouched,plentyoflife.”8．Whyisthediscoverysignificant?A．Itcastsdoubtontheexistenceof“darkoxygen.”B．Itshakestheviewonthesourceofoxygen.C．Itshowstheprocessofphotosynthesis.D．Itdisplaystheoriginoflifeitself.9．Whatenablesseawaterelectrolysisinthedeepsea?A．Photosynthesis. B．Sunlightreachingtheseafloor.C．Polymetallicnodules. D．Chemicalreactionsinseawater.10．Whyarethenodulesinspotlights?A．Todescribethemechanisminsplittingseawater.B．TodemonstratehowpowerfulAAbatteriesare.C．Tostressthepracticalityofelectricitygeneration.D．Toexplainwhymoreoxygenexistsnearthenodules.11．WhatcanweinferfromGeiger’swords?A．Marineecologymustberespectedwhileminingnodules.B．TheClarion-ClippertonZonehasnolifeduetomining.C．Marinebiologistsopposeminingintheocean.D．Miningnodulesisbeneficialformarinelife.Wetendtothinkoflargecitiesasmeltingpots—placeswherepeoplefromallsortsofbackgroundscanassociateandinteract.Butaccordingtoanewresearch,peopleinbigcitiestendtoprimarilyinteractwithotherindividualsinthesamesocioeconomiclevel,whilepeopleinsmallcitiesandruralareasaremuchmorelikelytohavediverseinteractions.AteamofresearchersledbyStanfordUniversityusedGPSdatacollectedfrom9.6millioncellphonesintheUnitedStatestodeterminehowoftenpeopleofdifferentsocioeconomicstatusescrossedpathsduringtheday.Afterinferringeachperson’ssocioeconomicstatusfromestimatedrentalpricesonahousingmarketingwebsite,theresearcherscountedpotentialinteractionsbetweenusersoverthecourseoftheday—timeswheretwocellphoneshadGPSpings(定位仪)within50metersofeachotherwithinafive-minutewindow.Theycollecteddataonalmost1.6billionpath-crossings.Theresearchersfoundaclearpatternthathasbeenmissedbysimilarstudiesinthepast:largecitiescontributedtosocioeconomicsegregation.“Thatseemslikeanunexpectedobservation,”saidJureLeskovec,aprofessoroftheteam.“Butthereisalargevarietyofchoicesinbigcities.InNewYork,youcanspend$10or$1,000onadinner,whileifyouliveinaplacewithonlyonerestaurant,everyonegoesthere,richorpoor.Thatseemstobethemainmechanismforsegregation.”Thegoodnewsis,therearewaystobuildcitiestohavemoresocioeconomicmixing.Lookingatlargecities,theresearchersfoundthatthosethatplacedfrequently-visitedactivitycentresbetweendifferentneighborhoods—insteadofinthecentreofeachneighborhood—werelesslikelytocontributetosocioeconomicsegregation.“We’velongemphasisedresidentialintegration,butwenowhaveanewway,”saidGrusky,amemberoftheresearchteam.“Whennewshoppingcentresandotheractivitycentresareupforapproval,weneedtomakesurethey’relocatedinplacesthatwillpromotediversity.”12．Whatisthemainfindingofthestudy?A．Peopleinsmallcitieshavemorediverseinteractions.B．Peopleinlargecitiesaremorelikelytosegregate.C．Peopleinruralareasaremorelikelytomixwithothers.D．Peopleindifferentsocioeconomicstatusesareequalincities.13．WhatdoesLeskovecthinkofthemainmechanismforsegregation?A．Itisunexpectedbutreasonable. B．Itisreasonablebutunacceptable.C．Itisacceptablebuthardtochange. D．Itishardtochangebutnecessary.14．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Therearemorechoicesinbigcities. B．Therearefewerchoicesinsmallcities.C．Therearemoreactivitycentresinbigcities. D．Therearefeweractivitycentresinsmallcities.15．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theimpactoftechnologyoncities. B．Theimpactofcitiesonsocioeconomicsegregation.C．Theimpactofsocioeconomicsegregationoncities. D．Theimpactofactivitycentresonsocioeconomicsegregation.IwaselevenyearsoldwhenIspottedmyneighbour,Julie,workinginhergarden.SheaskedmeifIwouldhelphercutbackthehedge(树篱)overgrownoverthepathway.IagreedandmybrotherJoshalsocamealongtohelpus.WewheeledJulie’sgardenbin(垃圾桶)downtothehedge.16Wepostedphotosofourhandiworkon“OurMalmesbury”,ourlocalFacebookGroup.Thecommunityreactionwasamazing.Awheelchairuserwassogratefulthathedidn’thavetogoontotheroadanymoretopassthehedge.17Manypeopleraisedtheirhandstovolunteeranddomoretokeepourtowntidy.18Before,itlookedabitrundown,butnow,theplacelookscleanerandtidier.Residentscommenthowamazingtheroseslookwhentheyflowerandmaketheplacebrighter.Tokeeptheprojectsgoing,Imanagedtosortfundingthroughlocalbusinessesandassociations.Iusedawebsiteonlinethatlistsavailablegrants(补助).19SoJulieappliedonourbehalf.Thefundinghashelpedusobtaintrees,plantsandgardeningequipment.Whenwefirststarted,everythingwasdoneoutofmyparent’sgarage.Istartedwithnothing,justborrowingequipmentwealreadyhad.Butastimewenton,donationscameinfromthelocalcommunity.20ItgotsobigthatwehadtomovethisalltoJulie’s.OurFacebookPagecurrentlysitsat669members.I’msopleasedthatsixyearslater,thecampaignisstillinfullswing.Ourmissionwon’tstop.A．Thewholetownwasinspiredtofollowourlead.B．WhenIfirsttriedtoapply,Iwasn’toflegalage.C．Allthreeofustackledawayatituntilwereducedit.D．Withmanywillinghands,ourtownhastransformed.E．IevenwonagranttofundtheplantingofQueenappletrees.F．Thiswasthebeginningofmanycommunityprojectscompletedbyvolunteers.G．Yourgaragegotfilledupsoquicklywithbrushes,gardeningtoolsandleafblowers.二、完形填空Inthesummerof2024,CarolinewasdoingaDIYhomeproject.It211,500poundsofgravel(砾石).Sosheheadedtoahomeimprovementstore,andstarted22hercar.“I’mloading,loading.Andthisoldermancomesover,”Caroline23“Doyouknowthatyourcarhasa24limit?”Themanasked.Carolinedidnotknowthat.Whatnow?Shegot25!Thatwaswhenthemanmadeanofferofunusual26“Icanloadyouupinmytruck.”Withthis,hehelpedherunloadalltheheavygravelfromhercar.27heloadeditintohistruck.Shesharedher28,andtheyexchangednumbers.Whenthey29herhouse,themanhelpedherunloadall1,500poundsofgravelontoherdriveway.Shedidn’twanthimtoleave30tryingtoofferhimmoney,thenwine,buthepolitelyrefused.Thenshe31somethinghemightlike.“Doyoulikecucumbers(黄瓜)?”“Ilovecucumbers!”Hisface32litup.Carolineofferedhima33ofhergarden;itturnedouthe,too,hadbeenagardener.Shepickedahandfulofbigcucumbers,andgavethemtohim.34,hemarchedoffbacktohistruck.Today,35byherunsunghero,Carolinetriestobeonthelookoutforotherswhomightneedahand.21．A．required B．contained C．consumed D．produced22．A．gettingon B．checkingout C．fillingup D．drivingoff23．A．recalled B．announced C．declared D．responded24．A．fuel B．height C．speed D．weight25．A．relieved B．stuck C．impatient D．cross26．A．honesty B．bravery C．creativity D．generosity27．A．Nevertheless B．Otherwise C．Afterwards D．Meanwhile28．A．ideas B．gifts C．experience D．address29．A．spotted B．reached C．left D．approached30．A．speechless B．regretful C．empty-handed D．heart-broken31．A．gaveaway B．handedout C．pickedup D．thoughtof32．A．instantly B．gradually C．briefly D．ultimately33．A．tour B．scene C．flower D．cucumber34．A．Upset B．Excited C．Curious D．Confused35．A．reminded B．pressed C．inspired D．supported三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Tie-dye,orZaraaminChinese,isthetime-honouredhandmadeartoftheBaiethnicgroup(白族).Thetechnique36(date)backover1,000yearsinChina.Toholdontotradition,ZhangBinandZhangHanmin,ayoungcoupleoftheBaiethnicgroup,chose37(quit)theirjobsinBeijingandreturnedtotheirhometowns.Theysetupatie-dyeworkshop,whichgraduallymadeanamefor38(it)andstartedturningaprofitbyimprovingtheproductiontechniqueandproductquality.Manyofits39(finish)productsfeaturesnowflakeandflowerpatterns,40(symbolize)naturalscenery.Asidefromdrawingdyefromnature,tie-dyeproductionprocesses,too,are41(environment)friendly,requiringnochemicalmaterials.Besidesturningthetechniqueintoprofit,thecouplehavealsobeenpromotingitamongthepublic.Theworkshopprovideslocalchildren42freeclasses,duringwhichtheygopickplantsonthemountainsandcreatetie-dyeproducts,andalsooffersjobsto43(local)whoonceonlyreliedonfarmworkforincome.Additionally,itplanstoorganisemoreeducationaltoursandtravelactivities,andattractmorepeopletoparticipateinthe44(preserve)oftie-dye.“Asawayoflife,45bearsthecustomsandcultureoftheBaipeople,Tie-dyemattersalottous.Bymaintainingthetechnique,wealsohopetoimproverurallife,”ZhangBintoldBeijingReview.四、书信写作46．假定你是李华，外教Mr.Pullen计划使用AI工具为学生提供全天候的英语口语练习支持。然而，你认为这种做法可能存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：1.说明问题；2.提出建议。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMr.Pullen,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestregards,LiHua五、书面表达47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。BeKindtoEveryKindGrowingupinacity,surroundedbytallbuildings,Albertfoundanimalstobearareandattractivepresence.However,whilehelovedanimals,henevertrulyunderstoodhowtotreatthemwiththerespecttheydeserved.HisparentshadnoticedAlbert’slackofresponsibility.Theyhadlongtriedtoteachhimthevalueofpatienceandcare,butcitylifeseemedtofuelhisimpatience.Theyknewsomethinghadtochange.Thiswinterbreak,Albert’sparentstookhimtovisithiscousinCamille,wholivedonafarmfarfromthecity.Camillehadlearnedfromayoungagehowtocareforanimals.Albert’sparentshopedthetripwouldhelphimdevelopadeepersenseofresponsibilityandkindness–notjusttowardanimals,buttowardtheworldaroundhim.WhentheyarrivedatCamille’sfarm,Camillegreetedthemwarmly,herfaceshiningwiththesatisfactionoffarmlife.“Readytomeettheanimalsinthebarn(畜棚)?”sheaskedAlbert.Albertnoddedeagerly.Albertsawthesheepfirst.Hebentdowntogetacloserlook,hishandreachingouttowardthem.However,assoonashemoved,thesheepscattered(散开),theireyeswidewithunease.Albertwasconfused.“Whydidtheyrunaway?”Camillesmiledbutexplainedgently,“They’renotusedtosuddenmovements.Animalscangetscaredjustlikepeople.It’simportanttobecalmandpatientwiththem.”Next,theyvisitedthecows.Albertthoughttheywouldbeeasytoapproach,butwhenhetriedtowaveacarrotinfrontofone,itbarelyreacted.Heimpatientlymovedcloser,tryingtogetitsattention,butthecowsimplyignoredhim.“It’snotagame,Albert,”Camillesaid,noticinghisfrustration(沮丧).“They’renottoys.Youhavetoearntheirtrust.It’sjustlikebeingwithpeople.Ifwerushorignoretheirboundaries,theypullaway,right?”Alberthesitated.Hehadneverconsideredthatanimals,likepeople,hadtheirownboundariesandcomfortzones.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答Laterintheafternoon,CamilleledAlberttofeedtheyoungsheep._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thatevening,Albert’sparentsenteredthebarn,surprisedbywhattheysaw._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________《2025届福建省泉州市高三下学期教学质量检测（三）英语试题》参考答案题号12345678910答案ACCDBAABCD题号11121314151617181920答案ABABBCADBG题号21222324252627282930答案ACADBDCDBC题号3132333435答案DAABC1．A2．C3．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个面向中学生的科学暑期项目。1．细节理解题。根据Program1部分中“Exploreyourfuturecareerpathandaccelerateyoursuccesswithpersonalisedacademicguidanceandhighlevelinstructionfromtheworld’smostaccomplishededucators.(在世界上最有成就的教育工作者的个性化学术指导和高水平教学下，探索你未来的职业道路，加速你的成功)”和Program2部分中“Ifstudentsareinterestedinaphysicianorhealthcarecareer,Outsetmightbeagreatchoice.Wehelpstudentsbuildconfidenceandprepareforthepremedpath.(如果学生对医生或医疗保健职业感兴趣，Outset可能是一个不错的选择。我们帮助学生建立信心，为医学预科之路做准备)”可知，这两个项目都有与职业相关的探索。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据Program3部分中“WallStreet101+Investing&Trading+Budgeting&Beyond–3weekFinanceandLifeSkillsprogramforgrades9-12.(华尔街101+投资与交易+预算及其他——面向9至12年级学生的为期三周的金融和生活技能项目)”可知，Program3是关于金融方面的项目，所以对金融感兴趣的学生最可能被这个项目吸引。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据Program4:PolygieneSummerResearchProgram部分中“BecomearesearcherwithoneononeguidancefromaPhDcandidatefromaTopUniversity.(在顶尖大学的博士生的一对一指导下成为一名研究员)”可知，Polygiene暑期研究项目的特点是个性化指导。故选C项。4．D5．B6．A7．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的祖父患有阿尔茨海默病，家人照顾困难，作者为解决问题发明压力传感器设备监测祖父行动，以保障其安全。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Overthepast12years,hisworseningconditionandhiswanderinghavebeenworryingus.Myauntstruggledtostayawakeatnighttowatchoverhim,butoftenfailed.Concernedaboutmyaunt’swellbeingandmygrandfather’ssafety,Isearchedwidelyforasolution,butinvain.(在过去的12年里，他不断恶化的病情和四处游荡的行为一直让我们担忧。我姑姑晚上努力保持清醒照看他，但经常做不到。出于对姑姑健康和祖父安全的担忧，我四处寻找解决办法，但都徒劳无功)”和第二段中“Thentwoyearsago,whilelookingaftermygrandfather,Iwasimpressedbythemomentwhenhisfootlandedonthefloor.Whydon’tIputapressuresensoronthebottomofhisfoot?(两年前，在我照顾祖父的时候，他的脚着地的那一刻给我留下了深刻的印象。不如我在他脚底装个压力传感器吧？)”可知，照顾祖父的艰难促使作者寻求解决办法。故选D项。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Oncehesteppedontothefloorandoutofthebed,thepressuresensorwoulddetectanincreaseinpressurecausedbybodyweightandthenwirelesslysendanalarmtothecaregiver’ssmartphone.(一旦他下床踩到地板上，压力传感器就会检测到体重造成的压力增加，然后将警报无线发送到护理人员的智能手机上)”可知，检测病人脚下压力的目的是监测他的行动。故选B项。6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Aftertestingdifferentmaterialslikerubber,whichwastoothick,Idecidedtoprintafilmsensorwithpressuresensitiveinkparticles(颗粒).(在测试了像橡胶这样不同的材料后，发现橡胶太厚了，我决定用压敏油墨颗粒打印一个薄膜传感器)”可知，橡胶太厚了，所以作者选择打印薄膜传感器，因为它很薄。故选A项。7．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Overthepast12years,hisworseningconditionandhiswanderinghavebeenworryingus.(在过去的12年里，他不断恶化的病情和四处游荡的行为一直让我们担忧)”以及第四段中“Havingtesteditonmygrandfatherwith100%successindetectinghiswandering(在我祖父身上测试时，它100%成功地检测到了他的游荡行为)”可知，文章主要围绕作者为防止患有阿尔茨海默病的祖父走失，发明压力传感器设备来保障其安全的故事。故A项“ProtectingWanderingLovedOnes(保护四处游荡的亲人)”能概括文章主旨，最适合做标题。故选A项。8．B9．C10．D11．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了多金属结核在深海产生氧气的新发现。8．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Untilnow,itwasthoughtthatoxygenwascreatedonlythroughphotosynthesis,aprocessthatrequiressunlight.Butthediscoverycastsdoubtonthatideaandraisesnewquestionsabouttheoriginsoflifeitself.(直到现在，人们一直认为氧气仅通过光合作用产生，而光合作用是一个需要阳光的过程。但这一发现让这种观点受到质疑，同时也引发了有关生命起源本身的新问题。)”可知，这一发现的重要意义是对氧气的来源这一观点产生了怀疑，动摇了关于氧气来源的观点。故选B。9．细节理解题。由文章第三段“TheresearchteaminScotland,believeoxygenisbeingproducedbyelectricallychargedmaterialcalledpolymetallicnodules(多金属结核),whichrangeinsizefromasmallparticletoaboutthedimensionsofapotato.(苏格兰的研究团队认为，氧气是由一种名为多金属结核的带电物质产生的，这些多金属结核的大小不一，小的如同微小的颗粒，大的则和土豆的尺寸差不多。)”和第四段“Thesenodules—“effectivelybatteriesinarock,”Sweetmansaid—mayusetheirelectricchargetosplitseawaterintohydrogenandoxygeninaprocesscalledseawaterelectrolysis(电解).(Sweetman说，这些结核“实际上就是岩石中的电池”，它们可能利用自身的电荷，通过一种叫做海水电解的过程，将海水分解成氢气和氧气。)”可知，深海中的海水电解是由多金属结核实现的。故选C。10．细节理解题。由文章第五段“Researchersconductedtestsontheseafloorandalsocollectedsamplestotestaboveground,andtheycameupwiththesameresult:thatoxygenlevelsincreasednearthepolymetallicnodules.(研究人员在海底进行了测试，并收集了样品在地面上进行测试，他们得出了相同的结果：多金属结核附近的氧气水平增加了。)”可知，对结核的关注是为了解释为什么结核附近的氧气更多。故选D。11．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中““Afewyearsago,ateamofmarine(海洋)biologistswentbacktothoseareasmined40yearsagoandfoundessentiallynolife,”Geigersaid.“Andthenafewhundredmetersovertotheleftandright,wherethenoduleswereuntouched,plentyoflife.”(Geiger说：“几年前，一组海洋生物学家回到了40年前曾被开采过的区域，发现那里基本上没有生命存在。而在距离该区域左右几百米的地方，多金属结核未被开采过，那里却有着丰富的生命。”)”可知，在被开采过的地区几乎没有生命，而在结核未被开采过的地区有很多生命，由此可推断出在开采结核时必须尊重海洋生态。故选A。12．B13．A14．B15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了斯坦福大学研究团队通过分析手机GPS数据，发现大城市中的人们更倾向于与相同社会经济地位的人交往，导致社会经济隔离，而小城市和农村地区的人们则更有可能进行多样化的互动，还提出了通过城市规划来促进社会经济混合的建议。12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Theresearchersfoundaclearpatternthathasbeenmissedbysimilarstudiesinthepast:largecitiescontributedtosocioeconomicsegregation.(研究人员发现了一个过去类似研究中被忽略的明显模式：大城市导致了社会经济隔离。)”可知，大城市中的人们更倾向于进行社会经济隔离。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““Thatseemslikeanunexpectedobservation,”saidJureLeskovec,aprofessoroftheteam.“Butthereisalargevarietyofchoicesinbigcities.InNewYork,youcanspend$10or$1,000onadinner,whileifyouliveinaplacewithonlyonerestaurant,everyonegoesthere,richorpoor.Thatseemstobethemainmechanismforsegregation.(“这似乎是一个出乎意料的观察结果，”该团队的教授尤尔·列斯科维奇（JureLeskovec）说。“但在大城市有很多选择。在纽约，你可以花10美元或1000美元吃一顿晚餐，而如果你住在一个只有一家餐馆的地方，无论贫富，每个人都去那里。这似乎是造成种族隔离的主要机制。”)”可知，Leskovec认为隔离机制虽然意外但合理。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“InNewYork,youcanspend$10or$1,000onadinner,whileifyouliveinaplacewithonlyonerestaurant,everyonegoesthere,richorpoor.(在纽约，你可以花10美元或1000美元吃一顿晚餐，而如果你住在一个只有一家餐厅的地方，每个人都会去那里，无论贫富。)”可知，大城市中有更多的选择。故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据文章整体内容，尤其是第三段“largecitiescontributedtosocioeconomicsegregation.(大城市导致了社会经济隔离。)”和第五段“Thegoodnewsis,therearewaystobuildcitiestohavemoresocioeconomicmixing.(好消息是，有一些方法可以建设城市以促进社会经济混合。)”可知，文章主要讲述的是城市对社会经济隔离的影响。故选B。16．C17．A18．D19．B20．G【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和邻居Julie及兄弟Josh修剪树篱，激发社区参与，并通过申请补助推动更多美化项目的经历。16．由上文“IwaselevenyearsoldwhenIspottedmyneighbour,Julie,workinginhergarden.SheaskedmeifIwouldhelphercutbackthehedge(树篱)overgrownoverthepathway.IagreedandmybrotherJoshalsocamealongtohelpus.WewheeledJulie’sgardenbin(垃圾桶)downtothehedge.(我11岁那年，看到邻居朱莉在花园里干活。她问我是否愿意帮她修剪长得高过了小路的树篱。我答应了，我哥哥乔希也来帮我们。我们把朱莉的垃圾桶推到树篱旁。)”可知，上文描述的是作者和兄弟一起帮助邻居修剪树篱的情景。本空应描述修剪树篱的过程和结果。C选项“Allthreeofustackledawayatituntilwereducedit.(我们三个人一直在努力修剪，直到把它修剪好。)”能够承接上文，符合语境。故选C。17．由上文“Awheelchairuserwassogratefulthathedidn’thavetogoontotheroadanymoretopassthehedge.(一位轮椅使用者非常感激，因为他不必在上路时绕过树篱了。)”可知，上文讲述的是修剪完树篱给社区带来的好处之一。本空应继续阐述修剪树篱的影响，A选项“Thewholetownwasinspiredtofollowourlead.(整个小镇都受到鼓舞，效仿我们的做法。)”能够承接上文，说明修剪树篱的行为给整个小镇带来的影响，符合语境。故选A。18．由下文“Before,itlookedabitrundown,butnow,theplacelookscleanerandtidier.(以前，这里看起来有点破旧，但现在，这个地方看起来更干净、更整洁了。)”可知，下文讲述的是小镇发生的变化。本空应概括小镇的变化，D选项“Withmanywillinghands,ourtownhastransformed.(在许多乐于助人的帮助下，我们的小镇已经发生了转变。)”能够承接上文，说明许多人的自愿参与给小镇带来的变化，同时引出下文小镇变得更加整洁的具体描述，符合语境。故选D。19．由上文“Iuse