陕西西北重点大学附中2022-2023学年高一下学期期中英语试卷（含答案）

陕西西北重点大学附中2022-2023学年高一下学期期中英语试卷姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）阅读理解Summeriscoming.Areyoulookingforapart-timejob?Herearesomepossibleoptions.LifeguardAreyouastrongswimmerandagoodcommunicator?Wouldyoulikeachallenge?Wearelookingforlifeguardsforourbusysummerseason.Noexperienceisnecessaryasyouwillgettwoweeksoftrainingbeforeyoustartthejob.Aswellasbeingphysicallyfit,youneedtobeavailableforworkMon-Fri,7-11a.m.StoreassistantWearelookingforstoreassistantsforourbusygiftstore.Applicantsneedtobereliable,friendly,andenjoyspeakingtocustomers.Asecondlanguageispreferredasmanyofourcustomersaretouristsfromothercountries.Thepositionsarepart-timeandyouneedtoworkfromThursdaytoSunday,10a.m.-4p.m.FashiondesignerAreyouinterestedinthelateststyles?Areyoucreativeandgoodatart?Ifso,Dresswiseislookingforayoungpersontocreatenewlooksforourteendepartment.Thisisagreatopportunitytogainexperienceintheclothingindustry.Youwillneedtoworkfourdaysaweekandwe'llpayyouforeachdesignweuse.We'llalsogiveyousamplesofyourdesignstowear.GametesterAreyouintotechnologyandcreative?Wouldyouliketoplayandtesteducationalgamesandgetpaidforit?Thisisanexcitingpart-timejobforsomebodywholovesplayinggames.Weofferflexiblehours.Ifthisisforyou,writeadescriptionofyourfavoritegameandwhyyoulikeitinnomorethan150words.Ifyouareinterestedinanyoftheabovejobs,pleasecontactusatstudentunion@canpus.com.1．Whatisasharedrequirementforlifeguardandstoreassistant?A．Communicativeability. B．Asecondlanguage.C．Professionalexperience. D．Astrongbody.2．Whichjobcanyouapplyforifyoucanonlyworkonweekends?A．Lifeguard. B．Storeassistant.C．Fashiondesigner. D．Gametester.3．Whatcanyougetfromthejobasafashiondesigner?A．Samplesofthelateststyles.B．Paymentforeachofyourdesigns.C．Experienceinthefashionindustry.D．Chancestodesignclothesforadults.阅读理解DellaStewardgotthestandardwell-wishesonherblogonher53rdbirthday,butshegotsomeunusualmessagestoo.OnewasabouttheSmithfamilywhohadjustlosttheirfour-year-oldsontocancer.Hisolderbrotherwasindeepsorrow.CouldDellahelp?Thatmessageandthe30orsootherslikeitwereexactlywhatDellawaslookingfor.Tocelebrateher53rd,thelong-timesocialserviceprofessionalhadputoutacallonherblog.Shewantedtocommit53randomactsofkindnessbytheendofherbirthmonth,andsheneededinformationonpeoplewhocoulduseone.WhenshegotthenoteabouttheSmithfamily,shesentawindchime（风铃）withthemessage"ListentothewindandknowthatIamnear"writtenonit.Itnowhangsinthefour-year-old'sbedroom,wherehisolderbrothercangotolistentoitwheneverhewants.ThisisnotthefirsttimethatDellahasdecidedtogivegiftsforherbirthday.Forher47th,in2016,shefoundedLoveinAction,anorganizationcommittedtodoingsomethinggoodnearherhomeandbeyond.Itsaimissimple：DoYourBest,ShowYourLove!Overtheyears,theorganizationhasreachedoutandtouchedwellover100strangers,somefoundviaDella'sblog,otherswithhelpfromhergrandkids.Theorganizationalsosharesinexpensiveandcreativegiftideasforotherstohelppeopleinneed.Dellapaysforeverythingherself:giftcards,pay-it-forwardpurchasesatdrive-throughs,andcarepackages,aswellasthegasittakestoplayfairy.Herfamilyoftengiveshersomeextrabirthdaycashwithaseriouswarningagainstspendingitonanyoneelse,whichshenaturallyignores."Igotacoupleofgiftcardsformybirthdaythisyearandwaslike'YESSS!"It'sDella'sparty,andshe'llgiveifshewantsto.4．WhatweretheunusualmessagesDellagotonher53rdbirthday?A．Helprequests. B．Giftideas.C．Donationoffers. D．Birthdaywishes.5．WhatcanwelearnaboutDellafromhergifttotheSmithfamily?A．Sheiscaringandbrave. B．Sheislovingandhelpful.C．Sheispatientandromantic. D．Sheiscreativeanddetermined.6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLoveinAction?A．Itinvolvespeopleinactsofkindness.B．Itholdsthebeliefthatkindnesspaysoff.C．ItoffersaidwithinDella'sneighborhood.D．Itmainlyaimstoeducatekidstohelpout.7．WhydoesDella'sfamilygiveherwarnings?A．Shethinkslittleofherfamily'sconcern.B．Shetreatsstrangersbetterthanherfamily.C．Sheisfinanciallydependentonherfamily.D．Sheistooreadytogiveawayherbirthdaygifts.阅读理解Worryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenatureinwhichmentalattemptsaremadetoavoidtheexpectedpotentialthreats.Ifweweretokeeparecordofallthethingsweworriedaboutduringagivenperiodoftime,wewoulddiscover,inreviewingthem,thatthegreatmajorityofourexpectedproblemsortroublesnevercometopass.Thismeansthatmostofthetimewedevotetoworrying,whichpushesustotrytocomeupwithasolutiontowhatistroublingus,iswasted,Thus,wenotonlycausedourselvesunnecessarymentalpain,buttookupvaluableminutesandhoursthatcould'vebeenspentelsewhere.Toavoidthis,itisoftennecessarytostaycalmandtracethesourcesofworry.Moreimportantly,weshouldanalyzethesituationandseewhetheritistheveryproblemthatisbotheringus.Blindlyfeelingnervousaboutwhethertheproblemcanbesolvedissometimesridiculous,fortheproblemsdonotexist.Once,shortlybeforeamajorconcert,amemberofArturoToscanini'sorchestraapproachedthegreatItalianconductorwithanexpressionoffearonhisface."Maestro（大师）,"themusiciansaid,"myinstrumentisnotworkingproperly.IcannotreachthenoteofE-flat.WhateverwillIdo?Wearetobegininafewmoments."Toscaninilookedatthemanwithamazement.Thenhesmiledkindlyandplacedanarmaroundhisshoulders."Myfriend,"hereplied,"Donotworryaboutit.ThenoteE-flatdoesnotappearanywhereinthemusicthatyouwillbeplayingthisevening."Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingaboutsomematters,wemightbewisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwillhappen.Thenwemaybeabletogoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeingdisturbedbysomethingimaginary.8．Whatdoweknowaboutworryfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Itrequirespeopletorecordandreviewthetroublelater.B．Itdrivespeopletotryandstaysafefromanticipatedtrouble.C．It'sreferredtoasnegativeideasaboutthingsthatwillneverhappen.D．Itcausesawasteoftimethatshouldbespentonsolvingtheproblem.9．TheexampleoftheorchestramentionedinParagraph3istoarguethat________.A．thenoteE-flatdoesnotappearinthemusicB．wronglyanalyzingtheproblemisridiculousC．it'snotwisetobedisturbedbysomethingimaginaryD．amanofwisdomisabletodealwith1worryeffectively10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．ArturoToscaniniwasagreatItalianmusicianfromItaly.B．Worryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenature.C．Timewastedonworryshouldbespentonsomethingmeaningful.D．Peoplefeelannoyedbyworrybecauseofpsychologicalproblems.11．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thesourceofworry. B．Howtodealwithworry.C．Thedefinitionofworry. D．Howworryaffectspeople.阅读理解Somebacteria（纠菌）haveasuperpowerthatscientistswouldlovetouse.Thesebacteriagainenergyfromlight,justasplantsdo.Scientistshavewantedtousecyanobacteria（蓝藻菌）tomakeelectricity.Butinpreviousresearch,theydidn'tsurvivelongonartificialsurfaces.Researchershavenowmovedthemtoalivingsurface-amushroom.Theircreationisthefirstmushroomtomakeelectricity.AppliedPhysicistSimonJacksonandhisteamturnedthatmushroomintoaminienergyfarm.Thisbionic（生物电子的）mushroomcombines3Dprinting,conductiveinkandbacteriatogenerateelectricity.Itsdesigncouldleadtonewwaysofcombiningnaturewithelectronics.Likeplants,cyanobacteriamaketheirownfoodfromsunlight,releasingelectrons（电子）.Whenenoughelectronsbuildupinoneplace,theycancreateanelectriccurrent.Theresearchersneededtobringalotofthesebacteriatogether.Theydecidedtouse3Dprintingtoplacethempreciselyontoasurface.Jackson'steamchosemushroomsforthatsurface.Afterall,theyrealized,mushroomsnaturallyhostcommunitiesofbacteriaandothermicrobes.Findingtestsubjectsfortheirtestswaseasy.Jacksonsimplywenttothegrocerystoreandpickedupwhitebuttonmushrooms.Printingonthosemushrooms,though,turnedouttobearealchallenge.3Dprintershavebeendesignedtoprintonflatsurfaces,butmushroomcapsarecurved.Theresearchersspentmonthswritingcomputercodetosolvetheproblem.Eventually,theycameupwithaprogramto3Dprinttheirinkontothecurvedmushroomtops.Theresearchersprintedtwo"inks"ontotheirmushrooms.Onewasagreeninkmadeofcyanobacteria.Theyusedthistomakeaspiralpatternonthecap.Theyalso,usedablackinkmadeofgraphene,whichisgreatatconductingelectricity.Theyprintedthisinkinabranchingpatternacrossthemushroomtop.Thenitwastimetoshine."Cyanobacteriaaretherealheroeshere,"saysJackson.Whenhisteamshonelightonthemushrooms,thebacteriagaveoutelectrons.Thoseelectronsflowedintothegrapheneandcreatedanelectriccurrent.12．Whatwastheprobleminpreviousresearch?A．Cyanobacteriadidn'tproduceelectrons.B．Cyanobacteriacouldn'tgetenoughlight.C．Theresearcherschosethewrongbacteria.D．Nosuitablehomewasmadeforcyanobacteria.13．Whyweremushroomsfinallychosenastestsubjects?A．Theyareconvenienttofind.B．Theycanproduceelectriccurrents.C．Theyarewherebacteriacannaturallygrow.D．Theycanbeeasilycombinedwith3Dprinting.14．Whatisthemajorfunctionoftheblackinkinthistest?A．Tofeedbacteria. B．Todeliverelectrons.C．Toproduceelectricity. D．Toreshapemushroomtops.15．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Whoaretherealheroes? B．Newapplicationof3DprintingC．Naturecombinedwithelectrons D．Bionicmushroommakeselectricity二、任务型阅读（本大题共5小题，共7.5分）任务型阅读Homegardensproducedeliciousfood.Butthat'snottheirmainvirtue.Imagineaplateholdingtwostrawberries,identicalinappearance.Onecameoutofasupermarketbox,probablyharvestedunripe.16．Theotherwaspickedfromagardenminutesbeforebeingeaten.Thefirstonewillprobablytastelikeaslightlysourgrapewhilethesecondislikelytobesweetandrichinflavour.Supermarketstrawberriesarenotentirelywithoutadvantages.TheyareconvenientandavailableinthenorthernglobeeveninFebruary.ButthetwoberriesdifferfromeachotherinthesamewaythathearingBeethoven'sMoonlightSonatainaconcerthalldiffersfromlisteningtoitonanoldtape.17．Otherpeople,however,believegardeningawasteoftime.Butthesamecouldbesaidofcooking.Therearecheapanddecentrestaurantsaround,sowhybothertomakeyourownmeals?18．Theymistaketheproductforthepurpose.Actually,agarden,especiallyintheearlyyears,canproducelittlebutfrustration（挫败感）.Newgardenersmayplantthewrongcropsfortheirsoil.Rabbitshaveanannoyinghabitoftakingsinglebitesofvegetable,thenleavingtheresttogobad.19．Nomatter.Therealjoyofsinglebitesofvegetable,thenleavingtheresttogobadgardeningisthetimespentdoingit.Thedeepestpleasure-aswithcooking,writing,bringingupchildrenoralmostanythingworthwhile-isintheworkitself.Agardener'smemoriesrevolvenotaroundthefoodproduced,butaroundlongafternoonswithhandsinthedirt.20．A.Noonecaneveravoidthishardstage.B.Sowhydon'twestarthomegardeningfordeliciousfood?C.Thismightexplainwhymanypeopledesireahomegarden.D.Thesepeoplemisunderstandtheultimateappealofgardening.E.Bythetimeitreachedtheplateitmayhavebeenofftheplantfordays.F.Togardenistopatientlyandlovinglyhelplifegrow,inthegroundandaboveit.G.Andevenexpertgardenerscanloseaseason'sharvesttouncooperativeweather.三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThemostimportantlifelessonI'velearnedfromrunningistorunatmyownpace.Thislessonhasguidedmeinmanyways.21．,itmademechallengethefixedexpectationsofretirementandaging.Runningisametaphorforlife.Irealizedthiswhile22．foramarathontocelebratemy60mbirthday.Alltheotherrunnersbeingfasterthanmemademe23．.Butmycoachsharedsomevaluableadvice:runatyourownbestpace.Settingagoalortargettimecouldbea24．.Hewasright.25．,Iranmoreeasilyandfaster.Ialsoenjoyedtheexperiencemuchmore.Ihave26．thisprincipletootherareasofmylife.Findingarhythmisnotabout27．orhowmanythingsIcangetdoneinaday.IthasmoretodowithwhatIdecidetodoatthisstageinmylife.Runningcarriesitsownsetofexpectations,includingwhatitmeanttobeastrongrunner.Butexpectationsalso28．tootherareasoflife,includingwhatpeopleatcertainlifestagesshouldbedoingornotdoing.Expectationsatmyagecan29．howleisuretimeisspent,decisionsaboutemployment,andeventheroleofa30．.Iusedtothinkitwasyoungpeoplewhoborethebrunt（冲击）of31．,butolderadultscanexperienceittoo.Thisis32．,becauseoftenlaterinlifeisatimewhenwearelessinclinedtocareabouttheopinionsofothers.Thatisthemessagemyrunningcoachwastryingtoconvey.33．whatothersaredoing.Theirpaceisnot34．thepaceyoushouldrunat.Runinyourownway.It'snotbetterorworse-only35．.21．A．Inturn B．Inparticular C．Inadvance D．Indepth22．A．training B．struggling C．competing D．searching23．A．pitiful B．grateful C．impressed D．embarrassed24．A．resolution B．practice C．limitation D．motivation25．A．Againsttime B．Aheadoftime C．Ofalltime D．Overtime26．A．exposed B．compared C．applied D．suggested27．A．music B．business C．requirement D．efficiency28．A．subscribe B．extend C．contribute D．refer29．A．centeron B．hopefor C．decideon D．callfor30．A．boss B．grandparent C．athlete D．citizen31．A．peerpressure B．separationanxietyC．sleepingdisorder D．agediscrimination32．A．natural B．unacceptable C．ironic D．significant33．A．Mind B．Expect C．Forget D．Abandon34．A．basically B．gradually C．alternatively D．necessarily35．A．different B．amazing C．common D．fair四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）语法填空TheGrandCanalisthelongestand36．（old）canalintheworld.Itforms37．vastinlandwaterwaysysteminChina,runningfromthecapitalBeijinginthenorthtoZhejiangProvinceinthesouth.38．（construct）insectionsfromthe5thcenturyBCandcompletedandmaintainedbyseveral39．（dynasty）,itformedthebackboneofChina'sinlandcommunicationssystem,whichenabledthesupplyofrice40．（feed）thepopulation.TheGrandCanalreachedanewpeakinthe13thcentury,providinganinlandshippingnetworkconsistingofmorethan2,000kmofartificialwaterways,41．linkedfiveofthemostimportantriverbasinsinChina,includingtheHuangheRiverandtheChangjiangRiver.Still42．majormeansofinternalcommunicationtoday,it43．（play）animportantroleinensuringtheprosperity（繁荣）andstabilityofChinaovertheages.TheGrandCanalbearswitnesstoaremarkableandearlydevelopmentofhydraulicengineering（水利工程）.Itisanessentialtechnologicalachievement44．（date）frombeforetheIndustrialRevolution.Itisaperfectexampleofdealingwithdifficultnaturalconditions,asisreflectedinthemanyconstructionsthatare45．（full）adaptedtothediversityandcomplexityofcircumstances.ItbestdemonstratesthetechnicalcapabilitiesofEasterncivilizations.五、单词拼写-单句（本大题共10小题，共5.0分）46．Theyfoundthat95%ofWeChatusers（进入）theiraccountdaily.47．Thiswashardforyoungchildren,（尤其）whentheywereill.48．Thelongeryouuse,thisapp,themore（方便）youwillfindittobe.49．Environmentalistsfearthatthisisashort-sighted（方法）totheproblemofglobalwarming.50．Heisaclerk（属于）tothiscompany.51．Therehasbeennoofficial（公告）oftheaccident.52．Therearenofewer100different(物种)inthearea.53．Theboywas（开除）fromtheschoolbecauseoffightingwithothers.54．Water（存在）inthreeforms：solid,liquidandgas.55．Wecan'tignorethedangeroftiger's（灭绝）inourcountry.六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）56．你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以"Mydreamjob"为题写一篇发言稿参赛。内容包括：

1.你的理想工作；

2.你选择的理由。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。MydreamjobGoodmorning,everyone,

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．D3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了4份兼职的相关情况。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题这种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案。1．细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的agoodcommunicator和第二个标题下的enjoyspeakingtocustomers，可知这两个兼职对交际能力都有所要求，故选A。2．细节理解题。根据前三个标题下的Mon-Fri,7-11a.m、ThursdaytoSunday,10a.m.-4p.m和workfourdaysaweek，可知这三份兼职都需要周内的工作时间；且根据第四个标题下的flexiblehours可知这份兼职工作时间灵活，故选D。3．细节理解题。根据第三个标题下的“Thisisagreatopportunitytogainexperienceintheclothingindustry这是一个获得服装行业经验的好机会”，可知作为一名时尚设计师你可以获得时尚行业的经验，故选C。【答案】4．A5．B6．A7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了53岁的德拉为帮助他人的慈善事业所付出的努力。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推断题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，推断出需要的信息。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“OnewasabouttheSmithfamilywhohadjustlosttheirfour-year-oldsontocancer.Hisolderbrotherwasindeepsorrow.CouldDellahelp?其中一则是关于史密斯一家的，他们四岁的儿子刚刚因癌症去世。他的哥哥非常悲伤。德拉能帮忙吗?”，可知在德拉53岁生日时她收到的不同寻常的消息是一则请求帮助的信息，故选A。5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Tocelebrateher53rd，thelongtimesocialserviceworkerhadputoutacallonherwebsite.Shewantedtoperform53actsofkindnessbytheendofherbirthmonth!andsheneededinformationonpeoplewhocoulduseone.为了庆祝她的53岁生日，这位长期的社会服务工作者在她的网站上发布了一个号召。她想在她的出生月结束前做53件善事!她需要有需要的人的信息。）以及第四段中"Ferrellpaysforeverythingherself：giftcardsandcarepackages."（法瑞尔自己支付所有费用：礼品卡和爱心包裹”可知，法瑞尔是关心他人的和慷慨的。故选B。6．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话“Itsaimissimple：DoYourBest,ShowYourLove!它的目的很简单：尽你所能，展示你的爱！”，可知这个组织的成员会是一些热衷于善良行为的人，故选A。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“aseriouswarningagainstspendingitonanyoneelse,whichshenaturallyignores这是一个严重的警告，不要把钱花在别人身上，她自然不理会这个警告”，可知她很乐意送出她的生日礼物，故选D。【答案】8．D9．C10．C11．B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。本文通过分析人们产出忧虑的原因给出了解决忧虑的方法。【点评】考查阅读理解。推断题、和主旨题都是常考题型。推断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Worryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenatureinwhichmentalattemptsaremadetoavoidtheexpectedpotentialthreats忧虑被定义为消极的想法和形象，在这种想法和形象中，人们在心理上试图避免预期的潜在威胁和第二段中的“thegreatmajorityofourexpectedproblemsortroublesnevercometopass我们所预期的问题或麻烦绝大多数都不会发生”和“wenotonlycausedourselvesunnecessarymentalpain,buttookupvaluableminutesandhoursthatcould'vebeenspentelsewhere我们不仅给自己造成了不必要的精神痛苦，还占用了本可以花在其他地方的宝贵的分钟和小时”可知，前两段主要表明的是担忧浪费了本应花在解决问题上的时间。故选D。9．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句话“Donotworryaboutit.ThenoteE-flatdoesnotappearanywhereinthemusicthatyouwillbeplayingthisevening不要为这事担心。降e音在你今晚演奏的乐曲中是没有出现的。”可知，第三段提到的管弦乐队的例子为了说明，被想象的东西打扰是不明智的。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingaboutsomematters,wemightbewisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwillhappen.Thenwemaybeabletogoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeingdisturbedbysomethingimaginary下次当我们发现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们就可以继续做一些更有意义的事情，或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打扰”可知，浪费在忧虑上的时间应该花在有意义的事情上。故选C。11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingaboutsomematters,wemightbewisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwillhappen.Thenwemaybeabletogoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeingdisturbedbysomethingimaginary下次当我们发现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们就可以继续做一些更有意义的事情，或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打扰”可知，本文主要讲述了如何处理忧虑。故选B。【答案】12．D13．A14．C15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了应用物理学家SimonJackson利用蘑菇实现发电目的的事情。【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题需要根据关键词从文中找出答案；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“inpreviousresearch,theydidn'tsurvivelongonartificialsurfaces在之前的研究中，它们在人造表面上存活时间不长”，可知先前的研究的问题是蓝藻没有合适的栖息地，故选D。13．细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句话“Findingtestsubjectsfortheirtestswaseasy.Jacksonsimplywenttothegrocerystoreandpickedupwhitebuttonmushrooms为他们的测试找到测试对象很容易。杰克逊只是去杂货店买了些白色的纽扣蘑菇”，可知以蘑菇作为测试对象的原因是他们方便找到，故选A。14．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Theyalso,usedablackinkmadeofgraphene,whichisgreatatconductingelectricity他们还使用了一种由石墨烯制成的黑色墨水，石墨烯具有很好的导电性能”，可知测试时用石墨烯制成的黑色墨水的原因是它能发电，故选C。15．主旨大意题。A.谁才是真正的英雄？B三维打印的新应用；C自然与电子结合；D仿生蘑菇发电；通读全文，可知文章介绍了应用物理学家SimonJackson利用蘑菇实现发电目的的事情，标题C自然与电子结合，符合文章主旨，故选C。【答案】16．E；17．C；18．D；19．G；20．F【解析】【分析】本文是一片说明文，介绍了家庭菜园的好处。

A.没有人能避开这个艰难的阶段。

B.所以为什么我们不开始在家里种植美味的食物呢？

C.这也许可以解释为什么许多人想要一个家庭花园。

D.这些人误解了园艺的终极吸引力。

E.当它到达盘子的时候，它可能已经离开植物好几天了。

F.打理花园就是耐心地、充满爱心地帮助生命在地上和上面生长。

G.即使是专业的园丁也会因为不合作的天气而失去一个季节的收成。【点评】七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符合来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出其他选项表达完全同意思的句子，这样的话就可以直接将该选项排除。16．根据下一段首句"Theotherwaspickedfromagardenminutesbeforebeingeaten另一种是在被吃掉前几分钟从花园里摘下来的"，可知上文应是提到了一种与"刚刚采摘的"不同的草莓，与选项E中的"offtheplantfordays离开枝蔓好几天"相对应，故选E。17．下段首句"Otherpeople,however,believegardeningawasteoftime然而，其他人认为园艺是浪费时间"中的otherpeople与选项C中的manypeople相对应，构成"很多人……其他人……"的句型，故选C。18．根据句意，结合选项，可知空格后句"Theymistaketheproductforthepurpose他们错把产品当成了目的"中的主语they指代的应是选项D中的Thesepeople；且选项D"这些人误解了园艺的终极吸引力"与后句意思相符，故选D。19．上文"Newgardenersmayplantthewrongcropsfortheirsoil.Rabbitshaveanannoyinghabitoftakingsinglebitesofvegetable,thenleavingtheresttogobad新园丁可能会在他们的土壤中种植错误的作物。兔子有个讨厌的习惯，就是只吃一口蔬菜，然后把剩下的都放一边，任其变质"中的Newgardeners与选项G中的evenexpertgardeners相对应，使上下文意思连贯，故选G。20．与上句"Agardener'smemoriesrevolvenotaroundthefoodproduced,butaroundlongafternoonswithhandsinthedirt园丁的记忆不是围绕着产出的食物，而是围绕着双手在泥土中耕耘的漫长下午"意思相近的是选项F"打理花园就是耐心地、充满爱心地帮助生命在地上和上面生长"，故选F。【答案】21．B；22．C；23．D；24．B；25．D；26．C；27．D；28．B；29．A；30．B；31．A；32．A；33．C；34．D；35．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，介绍了作者退休后，把自己在参加马拉松比赛中的所得应用于生活中的其他事情当中。【点评】考查完形填空。答题时首先要跳过空格，通读文章掌握大意。然后细读文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。21．句意：特别是，它让我挑战了退休和衰老的固定预期。A.Inturn反过来；B.Inparticular尤其是；C.Inadvance提前；D.Indepth深入地，全面地。根据句意，空格后是空格前句子的细化，所以inparticular符合句意要求，故选B。22．句意：我是在参加马拉松比赛庆祝我60岁生日时意识到这一点的。A.training训练；B.struggling挣扎；C.competing竞赛；D.searching搜索。根据下句中的Alltheotherrunners，可知作者在参加马拉松比赛，故选C。23．句意：所有其他跑者都比我快，这让我很尴尬。A.pitiful遗憾的；B.grateful感激的；C.impressed印象深刻的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据常识，其他的运动员跑的比作者都快，结合选项，可知这使作者感到尴尬不已，故选D。24．句意：设定一个目标或目标时间可以是一种惯常做法。A.resolution决议；B.practice惯常做法；C.limitation限制；D.motivation动机。根据上文，教练给作者提出了建议，结合选项，可知建议作者设立目标，故选B。25．句意：随着时间的推移，我跑得更轻松更快了。我也更喜欢这段经历。A.Againsttime与时间赛跑；B.Aheadoftime提前；C.Ofalltime一直以来；D.Overtime随着时间的推移。根据句意，可知作者经过练习，跑步更加轻松了，所以overtime使上下文意思连贯，故选D。26．句意：我把这个原则应用到我生活的其他方面。A.exposed暴露；B.compared比较；C.applied应用；D.suggested建议。根据句意，结合固定短语apply……to……，可知此处应是作者把这个方法应用于生活的其他事情，故选C。27．句意：找到一种节奏与效率无关，也与我一天能做多少事无关。A.music音乐；B.business生意；C.requirement要求；D.efficiency效率。根据空格后的howmanythingsIcangetdoneinaday，可知这与efficiency意思接近，适合于连词or用法，故选D。28．句意：但期望也延伸到生活的其他领域，包括人们在某些生命阶段应该做什么或不应该做什么。A.subscribe订阅；B.extend延伸；C.contribute贡献；D.refer涉及。根据空格后的"includingwhatpeopleatcertainlifestagesshouldbedoingornotdoing"，可知此处涉及到了其他的方面，结合选项，空格处应是延伸到了其他的领域，故选B。29．句意：在我这个年纪，人们的期望可能集中在如何度过闲暇时间，如何决定就业，甚至如何扮演祖父母的角色。A.centeron集中；B.hopefor希望；C.decideon决定；D.callfor要求。根据上文，作者退休，所以应该把注意力都集中在如何度过闲暇时间，故选A。30．句意：在我这个年纪，人们的期望可能集中在如何度过闲暇时间，如何决定就业，甚至如何扮演祖父母的角色。A.boss老板；B.grandparent祖父（母）；C.athlete运动员；D.citizen市民。退休后，学者做好祖父（木），故选B。31．句意：我曾经认为是年轻人承受了同伴压力的冲击，但老年人也会经历。A.peerpressure同伴压力；B.separationanxiety分离焦虑；C.sleepingdisorder睡眠障碍；D.agediscrimination年龄歧视。根据下文，可知空格处是年轻人和老人都会共同经历的，而年轻人更容易经历，结合选项，"同伴压力"符合题意，故选A。32．句意：这是很自然的，因为在人生的后期，我们往往不太在意别人的看法。A.natural自然的；B.unacceptable不可接受的；C.ironic讽刺的；D.significant重要的。根据空格后的"becauseoftenlaterinlifeisatimewhenwearelessinclinedtocareabouttheopinionsofothers因为在人生的后期，我们往往不太在意别人的看法"，可知这是很自然的事情，故选A。33．句意：忘记别人在做什么。A.Mind介意；B.Expect期望；C.Forget忘记；D.Abandon放弃。根据上文，教练教给作者按照自己的节奏奔跑，不用理会别人的观点，故选C。34．句意：他们的速度不一定是你应该跑的速度。A.basically基本上；B.gradually逐渐地；C.alternatively另外；D.necessarily一定。根据句意，自己的速度与别人不同，别人的速度不一定是自己的速度，故选D。35．句意：没有好坏之分，只有不同。A.different不同的；B.amazing惊喜的；C.common共同的；D.fair公平的。上半句提到，不分好坏，结合选项，可知此处应是只有不同，故选A。【答案】36．oldest；37．a；38．Constructed；39．dynasties；40．tofeed；41．which；42．the；43．hasplayed；44．dating；45．fully【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大运河的相关情况。【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及形容词最高级、冠词、非谓语动词、名词、定语从句、谓语动词、副词等知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。36．句意：大运河是世界上最长、最古老的运河。根据句意，与空格前的longest（最高级）并列的应是形容词old的最高级，故填oldest。37．句意：它在中国形成了一个巨大的内陆水道系统，北起首都北京，南至浙江省。根据句意，此处应是泛指"一个"巨大的内陆水道系统。故填a。38．句意：从公元前5世纪开始分段建造，经过几个朝代的完成和维护。非谓语动词作状语，与句子主语构成被动、完成的关系，应使用过去分词形式，故填Constructed。39．句意：从公元前5世纪开始分段建造，经过几个朝代的完成和维护。several后需用复数名词，故填dynasties。40．句意：enablesbtodosth是固定短语，意"使某人能够做某事"，故填tofeed。41．句意：它形成了中国内陆通信系统的骨干，使大米供应能够养活人口。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，先行词morethan2,000kmofartificialwaterways指物，故填which。42．句意：时至今日，它仍然是国内通信的主要手段，在确保中国的繁荣和稳定方面发挥了重要作用。根据句意，时至今日，大运河依然是国内通信的主要手段，是特指，应使用定冠词，故填the。43．句意：时至今日，它仍然是国内通信的主要手段，在确保中国的繁荣和稳定方面发挥了重要作用。与时间状语overtheages（多年来）搭配使用的应是现在完成时态；根据句意，可知应使用主动语态，故填hasplayed。44．句意