2025年高考英语二轮复习专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题(讲义)(解析版)_第1页
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专题02阅读理解之主旨大意题目录01考情透视·目标导航 202知识导图·思维引航 303考点突破·考向探究 4考点一考查总结文章标题 4【真题研析】 4【核心精讲】 7【命题预测】 8考点二考查文章大意题 10【真题研析】 10【核心精讲】 14【命题预测】考点三考查段落大意题 18【真题研析】 18【核心精讲】 20【命题预测】 2104重难点突破主旨要义题的解题关键 23阅读理解之主旨大意题考点目标要求年份卷别考题统计考情分析主旨大意题考查着眼于文章整体,归纳、总结文章标题、大意及段落大意的能力2024新高考I卷26从近三年高考试题来看,主旨大意题主要集中考查:文章标题、文章大意;段落大意。主旨大意题在高考中出现次数稳定,通常1-2题。说明文和议论文的主题句多位于文章的开头,有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。记叙文多在文章末尾点题,但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句,需要考生在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。预计在2025年高考主旨大意题仍然有1-2题。新高考II卷31全国甲卷27浙江卷1月352023新高考I卷32新高考II卷27全国甲卷全国乙卷32浙江卷1月27、352022新高考I卷32新高考II卷31全国甲卷27、31、32全国乙卷31考点一考查总结文章标题1.(2024全国甲卷B篇)Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithYourCatD.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.(动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知,文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式,包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯,以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“UnderstandingYourCat’sBehavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。(一)理解标题的三大特点:1.概括性——准确而又简短;2.针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符;3.醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。(二)确定文章标题:1.正面肯定法:在理解文章主旨的基础上,看哪个选项能准确概括主旨;2.反面否定法:撇开原文,拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容,然后和原文章对照,一一排除不符选项;3.研读、比较四个选项:研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性等。2.(2024年1月浙江高考真题)TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轰炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EatLess,ReadMore B.TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumansC.TheLater,theBetter D.TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.(作为成年人,我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食,而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备,它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知,文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试,信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。3.(2023年1月·浙江卷·阅读理解D篇)AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安装)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(传粉昆虫).Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysMacknick.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStay B.SolarEnergy:HopefortheFutureC.InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgriculture D.SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.(在过去的几年里,许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所,从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知,现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展,更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保,这将是未来发展农业的新趋势,再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断,本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D。通过文章的主题句总结概括文章标题:本文主题句放在文章的末尾,先摆出事实细节,最后总结,从而得出结论,要求考生耐心地读完全文。有时主题句首尾呼应,开篇先提出主题,结尾再次升华主题。总结文章标题解题指导标题归纳题要求考生在理解文章的基础上,结合文章的体裁和结构,从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力,要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法,对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括,最终准确地选出文章的标题。记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。1.文章标题类设问方式·Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.·Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?·Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?·Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis______.2.文章标题的特点①概括性:能概括全文并体现文章的主旨;②针对性:内涵相符,范围一致;

③新颖性:新颖奇特,吸引眼球;

④精准性:不改变原文的意思和感情色彩⑤简短性:名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。3.错误选项的特点①断章取义(仅为文中一细节);②以偏概全;③离题太远4.解题技巧:关键词法反复出现的词语,多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词主题句法根据文章主题句,确定中心词充当标题串联法分析文章细节,确定共同点,如同穿珠般,串联细节共同点,确定标题逆向法根据四个选项,考虑其可能内容,对照原文,最相似者为最佳选项5.思维方法:要首先找出文章的主题句,然后根据文章主题句确定文章标题,如果没有主题句再寻找全文重复性强的关键词或者概括全文。①正面肯定法:在理解文章主旨的基础上,揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨;②反面否定法:撇开原文,设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章,然后和原文比对,逐一排除不符项;③研读备选项:认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化,查看与中心思想是否相符。1.(2025·安徽省皖南八校高三第二次大联考)Researchersstudiednearly450grassystructuresbuiltovertwoyearsbywhite-browedsparrowweavers(肯尼亚织雀)livingintheKalahariDesertinSouthAfrica.“Experimentsshowthatinexperiencedmalebirdswillwatchfamiliarmaleschoosingnest-buildingmaterialsandthenusethatinformationtoadjusttheirownchoices.Forexample,theypreferredapinktapebefore,ratherthananorangeone,buttheywillprefertheorangeoneiftheyseeothersusingit,”saysMariaCristinaTello-Ramos,aresearcher.Thisbirdspeciesbuildsgrassstructuresthatservetwopurposes:Theycanbeturnedintoasafespottohatcheggs,butthey’realsoshelterswherebirdscansafelyrestinsideatnight.Birdsshapegrassintoatube,whichendsupbeingshapedbasicallylikeanupside-downletter“U”.Tolearnmore,Mariaandhercoworkersmeasuredeverysinglestructurebuiltby43familygroupsovertwoseasons.Theyanalyzedeverythingfromthelengthofthetubestothetubes’widthtotheanglebetweentheU-shapedtubes’“arms”.Theyintendedtoseewhatmightaccountfortheobserveddifferences,carefullyconsideringfactorsliketemperatures,windspeed,andthenumberofbirdsineachfamily.Theycouldn’tfindanyexplanationforwhythebirdswerebuildingsuchdifferentstructures.“Andsinceit’sknownthatthesebirdsarehighlysocial,”saysTello-Ramos,“itseemsprobablethatfamilymembersarejustcopyingeachother,creatingacultureofnest-buildingthatgetspasseddownagainandagainandagain.”Sometimesafamilywilltakeanoutsiderundertheirwingandletitjointhegroup.“WhatIfoundmostfascinatingwasthefactthatwhenanewsparrowweaverjoinsthegroup,itdoesn’tbringtheculturaltransmissionofitsoldgroup,”saysCatherineSheard,abiologist.“Thatwouldn’thavebeenwhatIpredicted.”31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ColorfulNestsAreaFashionforBirds B.TraditionLiesinnest-buildingMaterialsC.BirdsBuildTheirCultureintoTheirNests D.Nest-BuildingReflectsBirds’Gender【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了鸟儿在筑巢方面存在相互模仿,形成一种筑巢文化并代代相传的现象。【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段““WhatIfoundmostfascinatingwasthefactthatwhenanewsparrowweaverjoinsthegroup,itdoesn’tbringtheculturaltransmissionofitsoldgroup,”saysCatherineSheard,abiologist.“Thatwouldn’thavebeenwhatIpredicted.”(生物学家凯瑟琳·谢尔德说:“我发现最令人着迷的是,当一个新的肯尼亚织雀加入这个群体时,它不会带来旧群体的文化传播。这不是我所预料的。”)”结合本文主要讲述了鸟儿在筑巢方面存在相互模仿,形成一种筑巢文化并代代相传的现象,因此C项“鸟把它们的文化建立在它们的巢里”适合作文章标题。故选C。2.(2025·湘豫名校联考)Takeawalkdownanymajorbeachanditlikelywon’tbelongbeforeyouseesomeabandonedrubbish,whicheventuallymakestheirwayintotheoceanwhereitdegradesoverdecadesorevencenturies.Forthemostpart,spottingallthatgarbagestillrequireseyesandafairdealofwalking.Butthatcouldonedaychangethankstoanewsatelliteimagingtechnique.Ateamdevelopedanewtoolthathighlightsuniquespectralcharactersinplastics,whichcouldaccuratelyidentifyplasticitemsonbeachesandtellthemfromsand,water,andplants.Satelliteimageryhas,foryears,beenusedtohelpscientistsidentifyplasticsfloatingintheocean.Thisprocessworksrelativelywellforidentifyinglargepiecesofplasticinthewater,butit’sfarlesseffectiveatspottingplasticsonbeaches.Coastalplasticsoftenmixinorispartiallyburiedbysandwhichmakesspottingitmuchmoredifficult.Theteamcreatedanewspectralindex,theBeachedPlasticDebrisIndex(BPDI),whichlooksforpatternsofreflectedlightfromplastics.Totesttheirnewtool,theresearcherscollectedvarioustypesofplastictrashthatwouldlikelybefoundonabeach.Theyfinallysettledon14differentplastictargetsandplacedthem3.7metersapartfromeachotheronabeachinVictoria,Australia.Oncetheplasticswereinplace,thesatelliteflewfaroverheadandtookaseriesofphotos.Researchersappliedtheirindextotheimagesandcomparedthemtothreeotheralready-developedindicesintendedfordetectingplastics,twoforplasticsonlandandoneforobjectsfloatingintheocean.TheBPDIindexwelloutperformedtheotherthreeindicesintermsofaccuracy.Theotherthreegenerallystruggledtoidentifyplasticsand,insomecases,wouldevenmisidentifyshadowsastrash.Still,theBPDIindexwasn’tperfect.Inparticular,thestudynotesitwasdifficulttoidentifytransparentandtranslucentpolymerslikeplasticwaterbottlesandbags.Lookingtothefuture,theresearcherswanttomovethesefindingsoutoflimitedtestenvironmentsandintotherealworld.Thatcouldmeanpartneringwithotherorganizationsspecializingincoastalplasticremovaltousetheirsatelliteimagerytechnique.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheBeachedPlasticDebrisIndexB.ANewTechniqueforIdentifyingPlasticsonBeachesC.ANewTooltoIdentifyNewLightSpectrumD.NewSatelliteTechniquesforOceanExploration【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一个团队开发了一种新工具,可以突出塑料中独特的光谱特征,能够准确地识别海滩上的塑料垃圾。【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ateamdevelopedanewtoolthathighlightsuniquespectralcharactersinplastics,whichcouldaccuratelyidentifyplasticitemsonbeachesandtellthemfromsand,water,andplants.(一个团队开发了一种新工具,可以突出塑料中独特的光谱特征,可以准确地识别海滩上的塑料物品,并将它们与沙子、水和植物区分开来)”结合文章主要说明了一个团队开发了一种新工具,可以突出塑料中独特的光谱特征,能够准确地识别海滩上的塑料垃圾,所以B选项“一种新的海滩塑料识别技术”最适合作文章标题。故选B。考点二考查文章大意题1.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)C篇Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择,但巴比伦微型农场(BMF)甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通过云连接,对BMF进行远程监控。此外,还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的,因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水,而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里,他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示:“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知,文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场(BMF)的一些主要优势,包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。本文的文章大意需要从文中各段进行总结,最后总结概括文章大意。文章在不同的段落里说明了巴比伦微型农场的特点:减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等,很显然这都是农场的优势。故A选项正确。它是对全文的高度概括,语言精练。2.(2023年1月·浙江卷·阅读理解B篇)Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmyparents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.B.Howtohaveone’sownpersonalspaceathome.C.Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold.D.Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式,可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.(在这个过程中,我学到了一些东西,我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变,你会感到鼓舞)”可知,文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。故选C。记叙文的文章大意:纯记叙文通常没有主题句,需要读者自己领悟,从中归纳提炼;但有的在文尾作者会发表感慨、感悟或就此发表议论,主旨也就在此;还有的先发表某种议论或感慨再讲一个故事或经历,主旨就在文首。本题是一篇记叙文,文章大意需要归纳总结文中的主要内容。3.(2020·全国新课标II·阅读理解B篇)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist D.Ateachingprogram.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究,介绍了研究考虑的因素,研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一项科学研究)符合以上说法,故选B项。科研报告或调查报告:反映科学实验或调研结果的报道或科普类说明文,内容主要包括“科研实验结果或调查结果+实验研究过程或调查的具体情况”两大部分,文章主旨就是科研或调查结果,因此主题句通常在首段,且常伴有accordingtoastudy,astudyshowed/proved,thisissuggestedbytheresultsofnewresearchon,scientistsrecentlyreported,astudyclaimed等。文章大意解题指导1.解题思路2.文章大意类设问方式·What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?·Thepassageismainlyabout________.·Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.·Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?·Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?·Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily________.·Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.·Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.3.解题技巧:方法1:主题句法解答主旨大意题,找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句转折词如but,however,infact,actually等时,其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。总结词如therefore,thus,inshort,conclude等,其后的内容往往是文章的主题。疑问句若首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。方法2:高频词法全文中无明显主题句时,我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,因此,有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词。抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心。方法3:逆向思维法在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时,试着从选项出发,想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容,然后把它与文章的内容比较,接近的即为正确选项。1.(2025·四川省攀枝花市高三统考)Ifyourecentlyhadtroublefiguringoutifanimageofapersonisrealorgeneratedthroughartificialintelligence(AI),you’renotalone.AccordingtoanewstudyfromUniversityofWaterloo,Ontario,Canada,researchersfoundthatpeoplehadmoredifficultythanwasexpecteddistinguishingwhoisarealpersonandwhoisartificiallygenerated.TheWaterloostudysaw260participantsprovidedwith20unlabeledpictures:10ofwhichwereofrealpeopleobtainedfromGooglesearches,andtheother10generatedbyStableDiffusionorDALL-E,twocommonlyusedAIprogramsthatgenerateimages.ParticipantswereaskedtolabeleachimageasrealorAI-generatedandexplainwhytheymadetheirdecision.Only61%ofparticipantscouldtellthedifferencebetweenAI-generatedpeopleandrealones,farbelowthe85%threshold(门槛)thatresearchersexpected.“Peoplearenotasadeptattellingthedifferenceastheythinktheyare,”saidAndreaPocol,aPhDcandidateinComputerScienceattheUniversityofWaterloo.Participantspaidattentiontodetailssuchasfingers,teeth,andeyesaspossibleindicatorswhenlookingforAI-generatedcontent—buttheirassessmentsweren’talwayscorrect.Pocolnotedthatthenatureofthestudyallowedparticipantstocomparephotosindetail,whilemostInternetuserslookatimagesinpassing.“Peoplewhoarejustscrollingthroughonlineinformationinarushordon’thavetimewon’tpickupontheseclues,”Pocolsaid.PocoladdedthattheextremelyrapidrateatwhichAItechnologyisdevelopingmakesitparticularlydifficulttounderstandthepotentialforill-intentionedorillegalactioncausedbyAI-generatedimages.Thepaceofacademicresearchandlaw-makingisn’toftenabletokeepup:AI-generatedimageshavebecomeevenmorerealisticsincethestudybeganinlate2022.“Disinformationisn’tnew,butthetoolsofdisinformationhavebeenconstantlyevolvingandprogressing,”Pocolsaid.“Itmaygettoapointwherepeople,nomatterhowtrainedtheyare,willstillstruggletodistinguishrealimagesfromfalseones.That’swhyweneedtodeveloptoolstoidentifyandpreventthis.”11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Methodsofdistinguishingdisinformation. B.ChallengescausedbyAI-generatedimages.C.DifficultiesintellingAI-generatedimages. D.Differencesbetweenrealandfalseimages.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是由第一段“Ifyourecentlyhadtroublefiguringoutifanimageofapersonisrealorgeneratedthroughartificialintelligence(AI),you’renotalone.AccordingtoanewstudyfromUniversityofWaterloo,Ontario,Canada,researchersfoundthatpeoplehadmoredifficultythanwasexpecteddistinguishingwhoisarealpersonandwhoisartificiallygenerated.(如果你最近很难判断一张人物图片是真实的还是通过人工智能生成的,你并不孤单。根据加拿大安大略省滑铁卢大学的一项新研究,研究人员发现,人们区分真实人物和人工智能生成的人物比预期的要困难得多。)”可知,本文主要讲述的是很难区分出人工智能生成的图像。故选C。2.(2025·湖南省郴州市高三统考)SomescientistsfearresearchersaremisusingChatGPTandotherartificialintelligence(AI)chatbotstoproducescientificliterature,citingariseinquestionableAIwordsinpublishedpapers.Someoftheseremarks—suchasthecarelessinclusionof“certainly,hereisapossibleintroductionforyourtopic”inarecentpaperfromElsevierInc.’sSurfacesandInterfaces—arereasonablyobviousevidencethatascientistusedanAIchatbotknownasalargelanguagemodel(LLM).But“that’sprobablyonlythetipoftheiceberg,”saysElisabethBik.ArepresentativeofElsevierInc.toldSCIENTIFICAMERICANthatthepublisherregretsthesituationandisinvestigatinghowthepapercouldhave“slippedthrough”theevaluationprocess.LLMsaredesignedtogeneratetext,butwhattheyproducemayormaynotbeaccurate.“Theproblemisthatthesetoolsarenotgoodenoughyettotrust,”Biksay

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