2012年高考英语试卷（湖南）（解析卷）

第页|共页PartⅠListeningComprehension(30marks)SectionA（22.5marks）Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearsixconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Foreachconversation,thereareseveralquestionsandeachquestionisfollowedbythreechoicesmarkedA,BandC.Listencarefullyandthenchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.YouwillheareachconversationTWICE.Example:Whenwillthemagazineprobablyarrive?A.WednesdayB.ThursdayC.FridayTheanswerisB.Conversation1Whendoesthewomanfinishwork?A.At6:00B.At7:00C.At8:002.Whatisthemangoingtodotonight?A.SeehisparentsB.WatchanewmovieC.GoforanappointmentConversation23.Wheredoesthemanplaytennis?A.AttheuniversityB.AttheclubC.Atthecommunitycenter4.Howoftendoesthewomanswim?A.OnceaweekB.ThreetimesaweekC.FivetimesaweekConversation35.Whatisthemandoing?A.GettingdressedB.HavinganinterviewC.Celebratingabirthday6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.ParentandchildB.HusbandandwifeC.CustomerandsaleswomanConversation47.Whydidthemancomebacklate

?A.Hewenttothebar.B.Hemethisteacher.C.Heplayedbasketball.8.Whatdidthewomandothismorning?A.Shetookaphysicstest.B.ShehadameetingC.Sheheldaparty9.Whatwillthewomanprobablydoaftertheconversation?A.SeeherfriendsB.GototheschoolC.PreparedinnerConversation510.Wheredidthewomangrowup?A.InSwitzerland.B.IntheUK.C.InFrance.11.WhichofthefollowingdoesthewomanlikebestaboutWeybridge?A.ItssceneryB.ItspeopleC.Itsfacilities12.Whatdoesthemando?A.AteacherB.AhostC.AtourguideConversation613.Whyisthewomanupset?A.Themandidn’tapologizeB.Themandidn’tturnup.C.Themandidn’tcall.14.Whoisthemanspeakingto?A.Awaitress.B.AprofessorC.Adoctor15.Whenwillthetwospeakersseeeachother?A.OnTuesdayB.OnThursdayC.OnFridaySectionB（7.5marks）Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearashortpassage.listencarefullyandthenfillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.FillineachblankwithNOMORETHANTHREEWORDS.YouwillheartheshortpassageTWICESchoolLibraryLocationsAndresources·1stfloor

:80,000books·2ndfloor:16___kindsofnewspapersandmagazinesRules·Booksforlendingcanbekeptfora17_____byfull-timestudents.·18_books,newspapersandmagazinescanneverbetakenout.Openingtime·Alldaylong·AllyearroundexceptChristmasDayand19_______Access·By20______听力答案1-5ACCBA6-10BABCA11-15CBCBA16.9017.month18.Reference19.NewYear’sDay20.IDcard听力录音原文Conversation1M:Hey,whenwouldyouliketogotothenewmoviewithmetonight?W:Ifinishworkatsix,thenatseven,I’llseemyparents.Let’smeetateight.M:Actually,eightisnottherighttimeforme.IjustrememberthatIhaveanappointment.W:Allright.Let’smakeittomorrow.Conversation2W:Doyouplaygolfattheclub?M:Never.Idon’tlikeit.Tennisismysport.W:Really?Iusedtotaketennislessonsattheuniversityonceaweek.ButIwasneveranygoodatit.M:Youhavetopracticealot.Iplayfivetimesaweekwithagroupatthecommunitycenter.W:Idon’thavetimeforthat.ButIswimatthehotelpoolthreetimesaweek.Conversation3M:Idon’tknowwhattoweartoday,dear.W:Whydoyoucaresomuchaboutyourclothestoday?M:I’mgoingtohaveanimportantinterview.W:Well,I’msureyou’lldowell,dear.M:Thanks.Doyoulikethissuit?W:Yes.Youlookverysmartinthatblueone.M:Howaboutthetie?Doyouthinkthisonematch?W:No,notreally.Whydon’tyouwearyournewone?M:Whichone?W:Theonethekidsgaveyouforyourbirthday.M:Thatone.I’llgetit.Conversation4W:Peter,thisismum.Areyouhome?M:Yes,mum.Ijustgotbackawhileago.W:Awhileago?Butyoudonothavebasketballpracticetoday.Whydidyoucomehomesolate?M:Well,wegotaphysicstestbacktoday.W:Andwhathasthatgottodowithyourcominghomelate,unlessyoudidpoorlyandyourteacherkeptyouafterschool?M:Oh,no,mum.Whywouldyouthinkthat?Igotthehighestmarkintheclass.SomyfriendsandIhadasmallpartyinthebar.W:Whydidn’tyoucalltotellme?M:Idid.Yourmobilephonewasturnedoff.W:Oh,yes.Iforgottoturnitonaftermymeetingthismorning.Howmanymarksdidyougetanyway?M:93.W:Wow.Now,whatdoyouwanttohavefordinner?Conversation5M:Welcometoourtalkshow,Barbara.Please,makeyourselfathome.First,couldyoupleasetellmesomethingaboutwhereyoulive?W:Yes.IwasborninFrance,butIgrewupinSwitzerland.AndIrecentlymovedtotheUK.NowIliveinWeybridge.M:Whatsortofplaceisthat?W:It’salargebusyplacewithbeautifulscenery.It’snearLondon.Ithasgotlotsofpeopleandhouses.It’stypicalofLondonsuburb.M:Isthereanythingyoulikebestaboutit?W:ThegreatestthingaboutWeybridgeisthefacilities.You’llgeteverythingyouneed,shops,busesandtrains,cinemas,pubsandrestaurants,entertainment.M:Isee,thankyou.Now,let’smoveontoyourjob.Conversation6M:I’mreallysorry,ProfessorAaron.Iwasillyesterday.W:Look,I’mnotupsetthatyoucouldn’tkeeptheappointment.Butyoudidn’tcallme.Whensomeonedoesn’tturnupanddoesn’tcall,itmakessomeoneelsewait.M:You’reright.Iapologize.Ididn’tfeelwell.AndIguessIjustwasn’tthinkingofcallingyouatthetime.W:OK.Apologyaccepted.Now,Isupposeyouneedtosetupanotherappointment?M:Yes,Ido.ButI’mreallyworriedaboutmyproject.CanyouseemenowifIwait?W:No,Icanseeyouatthreeo’clockthisafternoon,orduringmyofficehouronTuesdayorThursdayorFriday.M:Great.Yourofficehourisbest.That’stwoo’clock,right?W:That’sright.Whichdaydoyouprefer?M:Tuesday.W:OK.Betherethistime.M:Iwill.Conversation7Goodmorning,todayI’mgoingtotellyoualittleaboutourschoollibrary.Weregardourlibraryasapoolofresourcesthatyoumayneed.Ithasacollectionof80,000booksand90kindsofnewspapersandmagazines.Thebooksareintwocategories:thoseforlendingandthoseforreference.Theyarealllocatedonthefirstfloor.Fornewspapersandmagazines,theyareavailableonthesecondfloor.Booksforlendingcanbekeptforamonthbyfull-timestudents.Asforreferencebooks,newspapersandmagazines,theycannotbetakenoutofthelibraryunderanycircumstances.Thelibraryisopen24hoursaday,7daysaweek,365daysayearexceptChristmasDayandNewYear’sDay.However,togainaccesstothelibrary,youmusthaveyourIDcard.NoIDcard,noentry.Now,anyquestions?PartⅡLanguageKnowledge(45marks)SectionA(15marks)Directions:ForeachofthefollowingunfinishedsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Example:-'Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_thedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD,tocoverTheanswerisA.22.Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow______laterinlife.A.willberepaid B.wasbeingrepaid C.hasbeenrepaid D.wasrepaid【答案】A【解析】本题考察时态与语态。句意：别担心，你现在的努力今后会得到回报的。本题考查时态。根据先时后态，判断出时间为将来(laterinlife以后的日子中)本句中的时间状语laterinlife相对于now来讲当然是将来时间，故可以确定为将来时。24.Bicyclingisgoodexercise;_______,itdoesnotpollutetheair.A.nevertheless B.besides C.otherwise D.therefore【答案】B【解析】句意：骑自行车是一种很好的运动，而且，还不污染空气。本题考查连词的用法。连词的选择主要从上下文的逻辑关系出发来考虑。此处，isgoodexercise和doesn’tpollutetheair之间应为顺承关系，所以选besides。而nevertheless“然而”表转折关系，otherwise“否则”表选择关系，therefore“因此”表因果关系，故都排除。27."Themoment_____soon,"hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.A.cameB.hastomeC.wascomingD.iscoming【答案】D【解析】本题考查时态。句意：“这一时刻马上就要来了，”他想——他等的都有点紧张了。先时后态，判断出时间为将来(soon)，就说明这一时刻还没到来但即将到来。28._____IalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.A.WhileB.OnceC.IfD.Until【答案】A【解析】本题考查状语从句。句意：尽管我总觉得能考及格，但我从未想过能得A。在确定状语从句的引导词时，要从上下文的逻辑关系入手，根据语境，“我总觉得能考及格”和“我从未想过能得A”存在转折关系，所以应用“尽管；虽然”来引导，while在此就表此意。31.Thelecture,_____at7:00pmlazenight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.startingB.beingstartedC.tostartD.tobestarted【答案】A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：会议在昨天晚上七点开始，会后有进行了用天文望远镜观测月亮的活动。start一词在此既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，因此此处不必分析主被动逻辑关系；此处主要考查的是时态观念，不定式含有的将来含义并线不符合语境，先可排除C、D；start又为短暂动词不可用过于“进行”含义，而beingstarted“正在被开始”强调进行含义，不妥，排除B；A项starting虽为现在分词形式，在此并无进行含义，可视为whichstarted…从句省略而来。32.hardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Whenever【答案】A【解析】本题考查的让步状语从句。句意：如果你不减少饮食的话，无论你多么努力尝试，也难减肥成功。此处的关键字眼是hard，hard既然被提到主语前，说明引导词应和hard一起来引导从句，而能够修饰hard的只有however一词，所以答案选A。另外，however还可用作连接性副词，表转折，“然而”之意。此处的however意为“无论多么”。35.Allthescientificevidencethatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarmingdamagingourhealth.A.show;areB.shows;areC.show;isD.shows;is【答案】D【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意：所有的科学证据表明在农业中越来越多地使用化学物质正在危害我们的健康。evidence是不可数名词，所以主句的谓语动词为shows；而在宾语从句中主语部分increasinguseofchemicalsinfarming的中心词为use，所以谓语动词为is。PartⅡSectionB(18marks)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext."What'sitliketohaveagapbetweenyourteeth?"agirlaskedmeoneday.Nobodyhadever_.36_before.Myhandunconsciouslyrosetocovermymouth.But,asshelookedatme,sincerelywaitingfor__37__,1realizedshewasnottryingtoberude."Ineverthinkaboutit,"Itruthfullyreplied.Shenoddedandturnedaway.Iwasleftwonderingifpeople_38__meandsawonlygappyteeth.Laterthatdayathome,Ibeganto__39__myteethagain.Ifeltupset.Ithoughtmylifewouldbesomehowbetterifmyteethwerenotgappy.HowIwantedtheperfectteeththateveryoneelseseemedtohave!Ofcourse,Mom40everything.Shehaslivedherentirelifewithgappyteeth,andtriedtoconvincemethattherewasnothingto__41__.WhenIrefusedtolisten,shetoldmeIcouldgetthesurgerytoclosethegapifitwasthatimportant."Let'sbe42__,though,"shesaid."Ifeveryonegotsurgeriestobecomepretty,everyonewouldbeexactlythesame.Thereisbeautyindifferences."Her__43__mademeconsidermyteethseriously.Thethoughtoflosingmygapwasmoreterriblethantherealitythatpeopleweregoingtonoticeit.Irealizedhowimportantitwastome.Itispartofmy44_.Nowadaysmanypeopledoridiculousthingstorealizetheirdreamof"perfection."The__45_isthatnooneisperfect.Whenallpotentialforuglinessisremoved,soisallofthepotentialfor46__.Soifthatgirleveraskedaboutmyteeth47___,Iwouldtruthfullyanswer."Youknow?It'sreallycute."36.A.faced B.guessed C.asked D.imagined37.A.anoffer B.ananswer C.asuggestionD.aresult38.Aheardof B.thoughtof C.talkedabout D.lookedat39.A.consider B.brush C.cover D.appreciate40.A.admitted B.noticed C.controlled D.changed41.A.worryabout B.putoff C.giveup D.wipeout42.A.friendly B.lovelyC.honest D.helpful43.A.words B.jokes C.dreams D.acts44.A.ability B.decision C.goal D.identity45.A.possibility B.purpose C.truth D.choice46.A.courage B.wisdom C.kindness D.beauty47.A.once B.again C.too D.instead【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了我和妈妈对于自己牙齿缝隙不同看法的一则小故事。SectionC(12marks)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyfillingineachblankwithonewordthatbestfitsthecontext.Keepingintouchwithourfriendsisanimportantpartoffriendship.Thisdoesnotmeanthat__48__havetowriteorcallourfriendseveryday.Itdoesmean,however,thatwe__49__careenoughaboutourfriendstofindouthowtheyaredoingfromtimetotime.Peoplehavedifferenthabitsaboutkeepingintouchwithothers.Someliketocalltheirfriends,sometimesmanytimes__50__day.Othersprefertoe-mailtheirfriends.Still__51__preferwritingletterssothattheycanincludephotosorinterestingarticles__52__theenvelopesalongwiththeirletters.Someevenwritepostcardswhiletheyareonvacation__53__sendthemtofriends.Everykindofcommunicationisimportant.Itis__54__importantwhatkindofcallwemakeorletterwesend.__55__isimportantisthatweletothersknowwecareaboutthem.【解题导语】文章体裁属于议论文，表达了作者对于朋友之间联系方式的看法。PartⅢReadingComprehension(30marks)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished.statementsForeachofthemtherearefourchokesmarkedA.B.CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassage.A.Whatmakesagiftspecial?Isitthepriceyouseeonthegiftreceipt?Orisitthelookontherecipient'sfacewhentheyreceiveitthatdeterminesthetruevalue?Whatgiftisworththemost?ThisChristmasIwasdebatingwhattogivemyfather.Mydadisahardpersontobuyforbecauseheneverwantsanything.IpulledoutmyphonetoreadatextmessagefrommymomsayingthatwewereleavingforChristmasshoppingforhimwhenIcameacrossamessageonmyphonethatIhadlocked.Themessagewasfrommyfather.MyeyesfellonaphotoofaflowertakeninWyoming.andunderneathapoembyWilliamBlake.Theflower,alonedandelionstandingagainstthebrightbluesky,inspiredme.MydadhadbeenrecitingthosewordstomesinceIwasakid.ThatmayevenbethereasonwhyIlovewriting.Idecidedthatthosewordswouldbemygifttomyfather.Icalledback.ItoldmymomtogowithoutmeandthatIalreadycreatedmygift.Isentthephotoofthecream-coloredflowertomycomputerandtypedthepoemontopofit.AsIwasarrangingthedetailsanotherpoemcametomind.ThepoemwaswrittenbyEdgarAllanPoe;mydadreciteditasmuchashedidtheother.Itypedthatoutaswellandsearchedonlineforabackgroundtothewordsofit.Thepoemwasfocusedarounddreaming,andaftersearchingIfoundtheperfectpicture.Theimagewaspaintedwithbluesandgreensandpurples,twistingtogethertocreatethethemeandwonderofadream.AsIwatchedbothpoemspassingthroughtheprinter,thewhitepapercoloringwithwordsthatshapedmychildhood.Ifeltthatthiswasagiftthatmyfatherwouldtrulyappreciate.Christmassoonarrived.TheminuteIsawthelookonmydad'sfaceasheunwrappedthoseswirlingblackletterscarefullyplacedinacheapframe,IknewIhadgiventheperfectgift.56.Theideaforaspecialgiftbegantoformwhentheauthorwas______.A.doingshopping B.havingadebateC.readingamessage D.leavingforWyoming57.Theauthor'sinspirationforthegiftcamefrom_____.A.aphotoofaflower B.astoryaboutakidC.acallfromthemother D.atextaboutChristmas58.Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph3referstoapoemby_____.A.thefather B.theauthorC.WilliamBlake D.EdgarAllanPoe59.Theauthormadethegiftby_____.A.searchingforthepoemsonline B.drawingthebackgroundbyhandC.paintingthelettersinthreecolors D.matchingthewordswithpictures60.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toshowhowtodesignimagesforgifts. B.Tosuggestmakinggiftsfromone'sheart.C.Toexplainhowcomputershelpcreategifts.D.TodescribethegiftstheauthorhasreceivedB.Stillseekingadestinationforyourweekendbreak?Therearesomeplaceswhichareprobablyamerewalkawayfromyourcollege.King'sArtCentreAdayattheCentrecouldmeanavisittoanexhibitionoftheworkofoneofthemostinterestingcontemporaryartistsonshowanywhere.Thisweekendteestheopeningofanexhibitionoffourlocalartists.Youcouldattendaclassteachingyouhowto'learnfromthemasters'orgetmorecreativewithpaintfreeofcharge.TheCentrealsorunstwolifedrawingclassesforwhichthereisasmallfee.TheBotanicGardenTheGardenhasover8,000plantspecies;itholdstheresearchandteachingcollectionoflivingplantsforCambridgeUniversity.Themulti-branchedTorchAloehereisimpressive.TheAfricanplantproducesredflowersaboveblue-greenleaves,andisnotonetomiss.GettothedisplayhousetoseeDionaeamuscipula,aplantmorecommonlyknownastheVenusFlytrapthatfeedsoninsectsandothersmallanimals.TheGardenisalsoaplaceforwildlife-enthusiasts.Lookforgrasssnakesinthelake.Asnakecalled'HissingSid'isregularlyseenlyingintheheatofthewarmsun.Byron'sPoolManystoriessurroundLordByron'stimeasastudentofCambridgeUniversity,Arrivingin1805,hewrotealettercomplainingthatitwasaplaceof"messanddrunkenness".However,itseemsasthoughByrondidmanagetopassthetimepleasantlyenough.I'mnotjusttalkingaboutthepetbearhekeptinhisroans.Hespentagreatdealoftimewalkinginthevillage.ItisalsosaidthatonoccasionByronswamnakedbymoonlightinthelake,whichisnowknownasByron'sPool.AcoupleofmilespastGrantchesterinthesouthCambridgeshirecountryside,thepoolissurroundedbybeautifulcircularpathsaroundthefields.Thecriesofinvisiblebirdsmakethetripalovelyexperienceandonthewayhomeyoucandropintothevillageforafternoontea.Ifyoudon'ttrustme,thenperhapsyou’lltakeitfromVirginiaWoolf-overacenturyafterByron,shereportedlytookatriptoswiminthesamepool.61.Asmentionedinthepassage,thereisasmallchargefor_____.A.attendingthemasters'class B.workingwithlocalartistsC.learninglifedrawing D.seeinganexhibition62."TorchAloe"and"VenusFlytrap"are_____.A.commoninsects B.impressiveplantsC.rarely-seensnakes D.wildlife-enthusiasts63.WecaninferfromthepassagethatByronseemed_____.A.tofearpetbears B.tolikewalkingC.tobeaheavydrinker D.tofinishuniversityin180564.InthepassageByron'sPoolisdescribedasalake_____..A.surroundedbyfields B.ownedbyLordByronC.locatedinGrantchester D.discoveredbyVirginiaWoolf65.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Someplacesforweekendbreak B.Awaytobecomecreativeinart.C.Thecolourfullifeinthecountryside. D.UnknownstoriesofCambridgeUniversity.C.Harvardresearchershavecreatedatough,low-cost,biodegradable(可生物降解的)materialinspiredbyinsects'hardoutershells.Thematerial'sinventorssayithasanumberofpossibleusesandsomedaycouldprovideamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativetoplastic.Thematerial,madefromshrimp('虾)shellsandproteinsproducedfromsilk,iscalled"shrilk."Itisthin,clear,flexibleandstrong.Amajorbenefitofthematerialisitsbiodegradability.Plastic'stoughnessandflexibilityrepresentedarevolutioninmaterialsscienceduringthe1950sand'60s.Decadeslater,however,plastic'sverydurability(耐用性)israisingquestionsabouthowappropriateitisforone-timeproductssuchasplasticbags,orshort-livedconsumergoods,usedinthehomeforafewyearsandthencastintoalandfillwheretheywilldegradeforcenturies.Whatisthepointofmakingsomethingthatlasts1,000years?Shrilknotonlywilldegradeinalandfill,butitsbasiccomponentsareusedasfertilizer(肥料),andsowillenrichthesoil.Shrilkhasgreatpotential,theinventorssaid.Materialsfromwhichitismadeareplentifulinnature,foundineverythingrangingfromshrimpshells,insectbodiestolivingplants.Thatmakesshrilklowcost,anditsmassproductionpossibleshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotofmaterial.Workonshrilkiscontinuinginthelab.Theinventorssaidthematerialbecomesflexiblewhenwet,sothey'reexploringwaystouseitinwetenvironments.They'realsodevelopingsimplerproductionprocesses,whichcouldbeusedfornon-medicalproducts,likeforcomputercasesandotherproductsinsidethehome.They'reevenexploringcombiningitwithothermaterials,likecarbonfibers,togiveitnewproperties.66.ParagraphIofthepassageismainlyaboutshritk's_____.A.remarkabledesign B.interestingnameC.majorfeatures D.basicelements67.Whathasbecomeaconcernaboutplastic?A.Usingitproperly. B.Producingitcheaply.C.Developingitspropertiesquickly., D.Evaluatingitscontributionsfairly.68.Accordingtotheinventors,shrilkhasgreatpotentialpartlybecause_____.A.itcanhelpplasticdegrade B.itcanbefoundinlivingthingsC.itsmassproductionhasbeenrealized D.itsrawmaterialsareabundantinmature69.Whataretheinventorsdoinginthelab?A.Replacingcarbonfiberswithshrilk.B.Testingahrilk'suseinwetconditions.C.Makingshrilkoutofusedhouseholdgoods.D.Improvingshrilk'sflexibilityformedicalpurposes.70.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.RecentProgressinEnvironmentalProtectionB.BenefitsofInsectsinScientificResearchC.TheHarmofOne-timeProductsD.APossibleAlternativetoPlasticPartIVWriting(45marks)SectionA(10marks)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.FillinthenumberedblanksbyusingtheinformationfromthepassageWriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Sincetheearliestcivilizations,peoplehavecontrolledriverstomeetsociety'sdemands.Today,riversarecontrolledformanyreasons,primarilytomaintainreliablewatersuppliesfordaily,agriculturalandindustrialneeds,forpowergeneration,fornavigation(航行),andtopreventflooding.Rivercontrolisachievedbychannelization,atermthatcoversarangeofriverengineeringworks,includingwidening,deepening,straighteningandstabilizationofbanks,andbytheconstructionofdams.AnimportantperiodofchannelizationtookplaceinEuropeduringthel9'thcentury,whenmanylargeriverswerestraightenedandtheirbedsdeepened.OneofthemostdramaticallychangedwastheTiszaRiver,abranchoftheDanubethatflowsthroughHungary.ThecontrollingoftheTisza,designedtoreducefloodingandmakelandforagriculture,includedcuttingoffmorethan100meanders(河曲),shorteningtheriver'slengthbynearly400kilometers.Oneofthemostcommonwaysinwhichpeoplecontrolriversisbydammingthem.Thepast50yearsorsohasseenanincreaseindamconstructionworldwide,andatthebeginningofthe21stcentury,therewereabout800,000damsglobally,sometoweringmorethan200metersinheight.Despitetheirsuccesses,manydamsalsocausesignificantenvironmentalchangesthatproveharmful.Someparticularlydeepreservoirs(水库)canbringaboutearthquakesduetothestressontheirbottomrockscausedbyhugevolumesofwater.Downstreamofareservoir,theriveriscertainlyinfluencedinmanyways:watervolume,speedandqualityareallaffected,leadingtochangesinthelandscapeandamongplantsandanimals.Title:__71__72Ways__79__:·achievements:800,00damsbuilt·problems:causingharmfulchangesto__80__toTitle:__71__72Ways__79__:·achievements:800,00damsbuilt·problems:causingharmfulchangesto__80__to_73_adequatewaterfor:dailylife,__74__andindustrypowergenerationnavigationtostopriversfrom__75__channelization:·engineeringworks:·widening,__76__andstraighteningrivers·__77__r