广东省河源市龙川县重点中学2022-2023学年高二下学期4月期中英语试卷（含答案）

广东省河源市龙川县重点中学2022-2023学年高二下学期4月期中英语试卷姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五总分评分一、阅读理解，阅读下列短文，从每题所给A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读理解HaveyoueverwonderedwhatthegreatgameofLawnBowlingisallaboutandhaveyoueverwantedtotryitout?Ifyes,thenhopefullythispagewilltellyouallyouwanttoknow.FindingaClubAfulllistofalltheclubswhoaremembersoftheBLI(BowlingLeagueofIreland)canbefoundathttps://irishlawnbowls.ie/bli-club/.Clubsaredelightedtowelcomenewmembersandwillbedelightedtoshowyouthebasicsofthegameifyouvisitthem.Tocheckasuitabletimetovisit,youcancontacttheclubsecretarywhosedetailsyouwillgetontheaboveonlinepages.JoiningaClubMembershipfees,whichneedtobepaidfirst,varyfromclubtoclubdependingoniftheyareamulti-sportclub.Mostclubschargeafeeforjuniorplayerswhilesomeclubschargeareducedfeeinthefirstyear,asnewcomershavetobuyequipment.EquipmentNeededThefirstessentialisapairofflatshoes(noheels).Inthelongertermyouwillneedtobuybowlingshoeswhichwillcostyouintheregionof€40to€80dependingonthepairyoulike.Itisadvisablenottobuyasetofbowlsuntilyouhavehadsomecoachingandcangetafeeloftherightsizeofbowls.Onceyoustarttoplayinleaguematches,youwillneedtopurchaseasetofwhitetrousers.Itisalsosuggestedthatyoutakeabagtocarryallyourequipment.1．Whatcanyoufindonthewebsite?A．Thelistofallthevisitors.B．AllthebowlingclubsofBLI.C．Thelistoftheclubsecretaries.D．Allthemembersofthebowlingclub.2．Whatshouldyoudofirsttojoinabowlingclub?A．Playamatch. B．Findasuitablecoach.C．Payamembershipfee. D．Preparenecessaryequipment.3．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Anovel. B．Atextbook.C．Ahealthreport. D．Asportswebsite.阅读理解Aninjuredhikerwasrescuedearlierthismonthafteratrainpassengerspottedherfromthewindow.Shewascrazilywavingontheothersideofariver,havingjustspenttwodaystrappedinthewildernesswithabrokenleg.Theridertoldthetraincrew,whothenreportedittothetraininspector,HenrySmith,whowasinamotorcarbehindthem.Henrywasabletostopandcommunicatewiththewomanontheoppositebankoftheriver,whichwasfreezingcoldandmovingquickly.Thehiker,awomaninhertwenties,hadbeenmissingfortwodays.Shesaidshe'dintendedtogoonadayhike,butendedupfalling90feetdownaclifffacewhiletryingtotakepictures.Shereportedlytoldrescuersthatshelostconsciousnessforanunknownamountoftime.Despiteabadlybrokenleg,shestruggledtopullherselftothebankoftherivertotrytoflagdowntrains.Shehadnoemergencysupplieswithher,orsuitableclothingtospendthenightoutdoors.Therehadbeenacoldattackwhilethewomanwastrappedinthewilderness.Thehikerdescribedspendingdaylighthourstryingtogettheattentionofpassingtrainsand,atnight,wouldrollherselfintoanearbyclifffaceinanattempttostaywarm.Henrycalledtorequesthelpforsearchandrescue.Theoperatorwhoreceivedtheemergencycallsaidthehiker'sfamilyhadbeenlookingforher.Whiletheywerewaitingfortherescueteam,NickandKylah,anengineerandafiremanonthenexttrainpassingbythelocation,cametohelp.327passengersonthetrainwaitedonthetrackastheycrossedtherivertoexaminethewoman'sinjuriesandbringemergencysupplies,blanketsandaradioforcommunication.Eventually,ahelicopterwassenttolocateandrescuethehikerandshewastransportedsafelytothehospital.4．Whofirstnoticedtheinjuredhiker?A．Atrainrider. B．HenrySmith.C．Thetraincrew. D．NickandKylah.5．Whatdoweknowaboutthewomanhiker?A．Shefelldowntheclifffaceaccidentally.B．Shespentdayandnightwavingforhelp.C．Shehadplannedatwo-dayhikeschedule.D．Shealwaysstayedconsciousinthewilderness.6．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Thehiker'sfamilyhadbeenagainsthergoinghiking.B．Henrysentahelicoptertolocateandrescuethehiker.C．NickandKylahweresentbythepolicetotherescue.D．Peopleonthenexttrainalsocontributedtotherescuework.7．Whichoffollowingwordsbestdescribethehiker?A．Energeticandgenerous. B．Responsibleandadmirable.C．Perseverantandhumorous. D．Adaptableandstrong-willed.阅读理解ANASA-fundedstudyusedsatellitetosearchforpenguinpoops(粪便)inAntarctica:funnyatfirstsightthough,itresultedinuniqueinsightsontheAdeliepenguin'sdietanditsfutureastheclimatechanges.Thefindingspublishedrecentlyunlockedthesecretsaboutthespeciesthatcanprovideanearly-warningofthreatstoAntarctica'sdelicateecosystem.ResearchersfromStonyBrookUniversityusedsatelliteimagestoseeiftheAdeliepenguin'sdiethasbeenchanginginresponsetoAntarctica'schangingclimate.Adeliepenguinpopulationhasdroppedgreatlyinsomeareasevenastheglobalpopulationincreases.Thesatelliteimagescannotshowthepenguinsindividually,buttheirpresencecanbedetectedbythestain(污渍)leftontheicebytheirwaste,calledguano.Maleandfemalepenguinstaketurnsincubating(孵化)inthenest.Theguanobuildsupinthesameareasoccupiedbythenests.HeatherLynch,associateprofessoratStonyBrook,alongwithhisteam,usedtheareaofthecolonyasdefinedbytheguanostaintoworkbacktothenumberofpairs.AglobalsurveyforAdeliepenguinsturnedup3.8millionbreedingpairs.Also,thesatellitedatacandetectthecolorofthepenguinguano,rangingfromwhitetopinktodarkred.Whiteguanoisfromeatingmostlyfish;pinkandredwouldbefromeatingmostlykrill(磷虾).TheteamfoundthatwhiletheAdeliepenguin'sdietdidshowchangesfromyeartoyear,noconsistentpatternwasobvious."Thiswasabigsurprise,sincetheabundanceanddistributionofAdeliepenguinshaschangeddramaticallyoverthelast40yearsandscientistshadassumedthatachangeindietmighthaveplayedarole,"saidCaseyYoungflesh,agraduatestudentfromtheuniversity.However,continuedchangesinthephysicalenvironmentandagrowingkrillfisheryintheregionarelikelytohaveaninfluenceonpenguinprey(猎物)andpenguinpopulationitself."ToolslikethiswillbeimportantforthemanagementoftheAntarcticecosystem,whichisoftenconsideredamongthemostprimitiveareasintheworld,"saidYoungflesh.8．Whatconcernedscientistsmostaccordingtoparagraph1?A．Theclimatechange. B．TheAdeliepenguin'sdiet.C．TheAntarctica'secosystem. D．Thesecretofpenguinpoops.9．Howdidscientistscarryoutthestudy?A．Bydoingexperiments. B．Byconductingsurveys.C．Bymakingobservations. D．Bycollectingdocuments.10．WhichofthefollowingwouldLynchagreewith?A．TheAdeliepenguinpopulationwas3.8millionworldwide.B．Guanocolorsreflectedthehealthconditionofthepenguin.C．TheAdeliepenguin'sdietstayedthesamemostofthetime.D．Adeliepenguinwastehelpedestimatethepenguinpopulation.11．WhatdidYoungflesh'swordssuggest?A．MoreAdeliepenguinshaveappearedoverthelast40years.B．Therewasnotanobviouschangingpatternofpenguin'sdiet.C．Dietchangesdidn'tactuallyaffectpenguinpopulationasassumed.D．FisherywasimportantforthemanagementoftheAntarcticecosystem.阅读理解Ithappenstoallofus.You'restrugglingwithaproblemthatfeelsunsolvableandthensomewherebetweenshampooandconditioner,youfindtheanswerintheshower.Forsomereason,whenwestep·awayfromanissue,andespeciallywhenwe'redoingsomethinglikeshowering,wecanfindacreativesolution.ResearchersattheUniversityofVirginiacallitthe"showereffect".Inarecentstudy,researchersfoundthatmildlyengagingtaskslikeshoweringorwalkingcanproducethemostcreativity.Thebalancebetweenfocusandmindwanderingseemstoproducethebestresults."Constraining(限定)yourthoughtsthroughminorstimulationseemstopromotemorecreativitycomparedtoifyourmindiswanderingandthere'snothinggoingonaroundyou,"saysstudyauthorZacharyC.Irving,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofVirginia.Participantsinthestudyweren'tactuallyshowering—that'sunsuitableforaresearchstudy.Instead,participantseithersawavideothatwasconsideredboring—twomenfoldinglaundry—oravideoofthefamoussceneinWhenHarryMetSally...,whichwasconsideredmildlystimulating.Afterthat,participantshad45secondsbeforeresearchersaskedthemtodescribehowtheywouldpossiblyuseabrickoranail.Researchersthenexaminedboththenumberofideasgeneratedandtheoriginalityofthoseideas.Theyfoundthattheparticipantswhowatchedthemildlystimulatingvideocameupwithmorecreativesolutions."Mystudentscanlearnathingortwofromtheresearchwhichhighlightstheimportanceofsteppingawayfromaproblemtosolveit,"saysAliceFlaherty,aneurologistatMassachusettsGeneralHospital."Someofthemaresodedicatedthattheywon'tgetupfromtheirdesksuntiltheyhaveacreativeidea,whichiscounterproductivebecausetheydon'teverlettheirbrainsstepbackandtakearest."ButFlahertyalsostatesthatresearchersneedtocontrolthefactorofphysicalarousal（唤起）duringtheirstudy.That'sbecauseanactivitywhichincreasesyourheartratemightmakeyouthinkyouhavethebestidea."Theremustbeotherreasonstoexplainthisphenomenon.Andwhileshoweringmightpromotecreativity,"shesays,"itmightnotbeforthereasonstheystate.".12．Accordingtotherecentstudy,inwhichwaycanweinspireourcreativity?A．Bylettingourmindcompletelywander.B．Bydoingamildlystimulatingactivity.C．Byfullyfocusingonacertainproblem.D．Bybeingengagedinthingsthatinterestus.13．Whatcanweknowabouttheparticipantsinthestudy?A．Theyrole-playedafamousmoviescene.B．Theywatchedavideowhilefoldinglaundry.C．Theyimaginedtakingashowerfor45seconds.D．Theyofferedcreativeusesofsomecommonobjects.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"counterproductive"meaninParagraph4?A．Difficulttostickto. B．Worthwhilebutunhealthy.C．Time-consumingbuthelpful. D．Oppositetothedesiredeffect.15．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyDoWeNeedtoBeCreative?B．WhatIstheFunctionofDailyActivities?C．WhyDoWeGetOurBestIdeasintheShower?D．HowDoesOurBrainRespondtoaTrickyProblem?二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThePowerof10MinutesHowcanwefindourselveswithextratwohours?Itprobablycomesinshortlittleburstsof5to10minutes.Maybeyou'reearlytoyourschool.16．16Insteadofjumpingonsocialmedia,youcanactuallyusethoselittlebreakstodosomethingproductive.StrengthenrelationshipIncollege,you'llbeeagertocallyourparentseverysinglenight.Besides,youknowit'snecessarytostayintouchwithyourfriends.Aphonecalldoesn'thavetolastanhourtogetinsomegoodconversation.A5-minute'scallisenough.Anemailisevenquicker.17．.Strengthenbody18．,orafewstretches(伸展运动)cangiveyourbackabreakfromdeskandchair.Afewminutesofexercisegoesalongway.Whynotmakefulluseofthebreaksbetweenclassestogetactivelyinvolvedinexercise?Yourbodywillthankyou.RefreshyourselfSometimeswe'resobusythatourlivesareinamess,withpilesofbooksonourdesks,clotheseverywhereontheflooratourdorms.Weusuallythinkitawasteoftimecleaningup,thereforeletthembe.19．Andkeepitupeveryday,you'llbeamazedtofindyourlifeorganizedandgetyourselfrefreshed.BemoreproductiveWanttobeextraproductive?20．Youcanwriteallofthetasksyou'dliketocompletethatday,week,ormonthonthelist.Keepithandy.Thenexttimeyoufindyourselfwith10extraminutes,you'llknowexactlywhatyoucanworkon.A．Butbothmakeadifference.B．Maybeyouhave5minutesforWechat.C．Instead,beginwitha5-minute'stidyingup.D．A10-minute'swalkcangetyourbloodflowingbetter.E．Perhapsyouevengetstuckwaitingforabusfor10minutes.F．Thenexttimeyouhaveminutestospare,writeoutato-dolist.G．Bendingoverthedeskprovidesyouwithashortbutusefulrest.三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AmyTaylorhadweatheredsometoughyears.Herhusbandsufferedalotfromkidneyfailureandin2020,thepoormother21．herjobintheeconomicdepression.Duringthespringbreak,her14-year-olddaughter,EmilyMoore,tookapart-timejob,and22．minimumwage.Butbeforeshecouldspendthemoney,Emilyhadanidea.ThenewsinKansasCitythatweekhadbeenfilledwithstoriesaboutapoliceofficer,JimmyMoss,whowasbadlyhurtinacaraccidentinthelineofduty.Hewasin23．condition.Emilyandherunemployedmotherhadneverforgottenhow24．thepolicehadbeenwhenTaylorwasrobbedinthestreetoneday.Emilydecidedto25．themoneytoOfficerMoss'sfamily.Hermom26．agreed.Taylorcalledthepoliceandmadeananonymous(匿名的)donation.Movedbyher27．expressionofthanks,theofficersdidwhattheydobest—they28．Taylor.Whensheexplainedthefamily's29．,theofficerscouldhardlybelieveit."Withhercurrentfinancial30．,weencouragedhertokeepthemoney,"thedepartmentlaterexplained."She31．,sayingtheofficer'sfamilyneededitandthepoliceneededtoknowtheywere32．."Bythen,thatfeelingofsupportwasmutual(相互的).ThepolicesetupaGoFundMepageforTaylor,whomtheynamed"TheWomanwiththeHeartofGold."AsofJanuary11,2023,theyhad33．$165,405.Evenbetter:OfficerMoss,whohada1percentchanceof34．,isoutofthehospitaland35．.21．A．changed B．lost C．quit D．finished22．A．offered B．suggested C．set D．earned23．A．critical B．rare C．stable D．fair24．A．annoyed B．nice C．disappointed D．wise25．A．lend B．pass C．donate D．show26．A．temporarily B．hesitantly C．readily D．cautiously27．A．generous B．distant C．written D．public28．A．cameacross B．trackeddown C．turnedto D．calmeddown29．A．motivation B．faith C．tradition D．principle30．A．credit B．security C．service D．hardship31．A．agreed B．complained C．refused D．guessed32．A．supported B．promised C．treated D．defeated33．A．kept B．added C．taken D．raised34．A．promotion B．survival C．freedom D．growth35．A．regretting B．collapsing C．recovering D．escaping四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Today,MountQomolangma'speakisnotalonelyplaceanymore.Over3,500peoplehave36．(successful)climbedthemountainoverthepastyears.Meanwhile,climbershavecomplainedabout37．(wait)forhoursinthebottlenecks.Infact,thedangerous38．(crowd)aren'ttheonlyproblem.Allthoseclimbersneedtobringalotofgear（设备），muchofwhichendsup39．(leave)onthemountain.Itisbecomingtheworld's40．(tall)rubbishdump.Butthegoodnewsis41．somemountaineershavestartedtocleanupQomolangma.MountaineersPaulandEberhardarepartofEcoEverestExpedition,whichhasbeencleaninguprubbishsince2008.Sofarthey42．(collect)over13tonsofgarbage.Someofthatrubbishisevenbeingusedfor43．higherpurpose.AspartoftheMountEverest8848ArtProject,agroupof15artistsfromNepalcollected1.5tonsofgarbage.They'vechangedthecansandoxygentanks44．74piecesofartthathavealreadybeenexhibitedinNepal'scapital.Partoftheprofitfromsales45．(be)availablefortheEverestPeakersAssociationwhichhashelpedcollectrubbishoffthemountain.五、书面表达（满分40分）46．假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom对中国传统文化有浓厚的兴趣。你校将举办一场介绍中国艺术的讲座，请写封邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：

1.时间和地点；

2.讲座内容（介绍中国画、剪纸和京剧）；

3.准备工作（简要了解一下相关知识）。

注意：

1.词数80左右。开头和结尾己给出，不计入总词数；

2.可以适当増加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：中国画Chinesepainting；剪纸papercutting；京剧PekingOperaDearTom,Bestwishes!YoursLiHua47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Ericwasalittleboywhowasraisedinanorphanage(孤儿院).Hehadalwayswishedthathecouldflylikeabird.Itwasverydifficultforhimtounderstandwhyhecouldnotfly.Therewerebirdsatthezoothatweremuchbiggerthanhim,andtheycouldfly."Whycan'tI?"hethought."Istheresomethingwrongwithme?"hewondered.Jerrywasanotherlittleboywhowascrippled(瘸).Hehadalwayswishedthathecouldwalkandrunlikeotherkids."Whycan'tIbelikethem?"hethought.OneafternoonEricranawayfromtheorphanage.HecameuponaparkwherehesawJerryplayinginthesandbox.EricnoticedthatJerrywascrippled.HeranovertoJerryandaskedhimifhehadeverwantedtoflylikeabird."No,"saidJerry,"butIhavewonderedwhatitwouldbeliketowalkandrunlikeotherkids.""Thatisverysad,"saidEric,"butdoyouthinkwecouldbefriends?""Sure,"Jerrysaidexcitedly.Thetwolittleboysplayedforhours.Theymadesandcastlesandmadereallyfunnysoundswiththeirmouths.Soundsmadethemlaughreallyhard.ThenJerry'sfathercamewithawheelchairtopickhimup.EricinstantlyranovertoJerry'sfatherandwhisperedsomethingintohisear."ThatwouldbeOK,"saidJerry'sfather.Paragraph1：Ericranovertohisnewfriend,Jerry.Paragraph2：CarryingJerryonhisback,Ericranfasterandfaster.

答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．C3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，你有没有想过草地保龄球这项伟大的运动是关于什么的，你有没有想尝试一下？作者介绍了如何寻找俱乐部、加入俱乐部以及草地保龄球需要什么设备。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据FindingaClub部分中的“AfulllistofalltheclubswhoaremembersoftheBLI(BowlingLeagueofIreland)canbefoundathttps://irishlawnbowls.ie/bli-club/.”所有属于BLI（爱尔兰保龄球联盟）成员的俱乐部的完整列表可以在网站htps://irishlawnbowls.ie/bli-club/找到。可知，可以在网站上找到BLI的所有保龄球俱乐部。故选B。2．考查细节理解。根据JoiningaClub部分中的“Membershipfees,whichneedtobepaidfirst,varyfromclubtoclubdependingoniftheyareamulti-sportclub.”需要先支付的会员费因俱乐部而异，这取决于他们是否是一个多运动俱乐部。可知，加入保龄球俱乐部，首先应该支付会员费。故选C。3．考查推理判断。根据第一段“HaveyoueverwonderedwhatthegreatgameofLawnBowlingisallaboutandhaveyoueverwantedtotryitout?Ifyes,thenhopefullythispagewilltellyouallyouwanttoknow.”你有没有想过草地保龄球这项伟大的运动是关于什么的，你有没有想尝试一下？如果是的话，那么希望这一页能告诉你想知道的一切；以及FindingaClub部分中的“Tocheckasuitabletimetovisit,youcancontacttheclubsecretarywhosedetailsyouwillgetontheaboveonlinepages.”为了确定合适的参观时间，您可以联系俱乐部秘书，其详细信息将在上述网页上获得。可知，文本可能来自一个体育网站。故选D。【答案】4．A5．A6．D7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一名受伤的徒步旅行者被一名火车乘客从窗口发现后获救。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Aninjuredhikerwasrescuedearlierthismonthafteratrainpassengerspottedherfromthewindow.”本月早些时候，一名受伤的徒步旅行者被一名火车乘客从窗口发现后获救；以及第二段中的“Theridertoldthetraincrew,whothenreportedittothetraininspector,HenrySmith,whowasinamotorcarbehindthem.”这名乘客告诉了列车员，列车员随后向坐在他们后面一辆汽车里的列车员亨利·史密斯报告了这件事。可知，火车乘客首先注意到受伤的徒步旅行者。故选A。5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Shesaidshe'dintendedtogoonadayhike,butendedupfalling90feetdownaclifffacewhiletryingtotakepictures.”她说，她原本打算进行一天的徒步旅行，但在试图拍照时从90英尺高的悬崖上掉了下来。可知，女徒步旅行者不小心从悬崖上掉了下来。故选A。6．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Whiletheywerewaitingfortherescueteam,NickandKylah,anengineerandafiremanonthenexttrainpassingbythelocation,cametohelp.327passengersonthetrainwaitedonthetrackastheycrossedtherivertoexaminethewoman'sinjuriesandbringemergencysupplies,blanketsandaradioforcommunication.”当他们在等待救援队的时候，尼克和凯拉，一名工程师和一名消防员，在经过这个地点的下一辆火车上，过来帮忙。火车上的327名乘客在铁轨上等待，他们过河检查该女子的伤势，并带上应急用品、毯子和一台无线电通信设备。可推断，下一班火车上的人也为救援工作做出了贡献。故选D。7．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Despiteabadlybrokenleg,shestruggledtopullherselftothebankoftherivertotrytoflagdowntrains.Shehadnoemergencysupplieswithher,orsuitableclothingtospendthenightoutdoors.Therehadbeenacoldattackwhilethewomanwastrappedinthewilderness.Thehikerdescribedspendingdaylighthourstryingtogettheattentionofpassingtrainsand,atnight,wouldrollherselfintoanearbyclifffaceinanattempttostaywarm.”尽管她的腿严重骨折，她还是挣扎着把自己拉到河岸，试图让火车停下。她身上没有应急用品，也没有适合在户外过夜的衣服。当那个女人被困在荒野时，有一场寒冷袭击。这位徒步旅行者描述说，白天的时候，她会试图引起过往火车的注意，晚上，她会把自己滚到附近的悬崖上，以保持温暖。可推断，这位女徒步旅行者适应能力强，并且意志坚强。故选D。【答案】8．C9．C10．D11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家对南极企鹅物种生态的研究，展现了近年来物种数量、饮食结构等各方面的变化。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Thefindingspublishedrecentlyunlockedthesecretsaboutthespeciesthatcanprovideanearly-warningofthreatstoAntarctica'sdelicateecosystem.”这些近期发表的研究成果解锁了企鹅物种的秘密，提供了南极洲脆弱生态系统风险信息的早期预警。可知，科学家研究随着气候变化而导致的企鹅饮食结构的改变，但最关心、最要紧的是这背后所预警的南极生态系统风险，故选C。9．考查细节理解。根据第二段“ResearchersfromStonyBrookUniversityusedsatelliteimagestoseeiftheAdeliepenguin'sdiethasbeenchanginginresponsetoAntarctica'schangingclimate.Adeliepenguinpopulationhasdroppedgreatlyinsomeareasevenastheglobalpopulationincreases.Thesatelliteimagescannotshowthepenguinsindividually,buttheirpresencecanbedetectedbythestain(污渍)leftontheicebytheirwaste,calledguano.”StonyBrook大学的研究人员使用卫星图像来观察阿德利企鹅的饮食是否随着南极洲气候的变化而变化。阿德利企鹅的数量在一些地区大幅下降，尽管全球数量在增加。卫星图像无法显示企鹅的个体，但可以通过它们排泄物在冰上留下的被称为鸟粪的污渍来检测它们的存在；并结合全文内容，与主题相关的这些研究，科学家们都是通过卫星图像（satelliteimages）进行的，观察、分析、解读图像并得出结论或推测，因此他们使用的是观察法（观察卫星图像）。故选C。10．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“HeatherLynch,associateprofessoratStonyBrook,alongwithhisteam,usedtheareaofthecolonyasdefinedbytheguanostaintoworkbacktothenumberofpairs.”StonyBrook大学副教授HeatherLynch和他的团队使用鸟粪染色定义的群落面积来计算成对的数量。Lynch的团队通过“theguanostain”来反推区域企鹅种群的数量；并结合第二段中的“thestain(污渍)leftontheicebytheirwaste,calledguano”因它们的排泄物而在冰面上留下的污渍叫guano，可推断阿德利企鹅的排泄物帮助（科学家）估计企鹅数量，故选D。11．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“‘Thiswasabigsurprise,sincetheabundanceanddistributionofAdeliepenguinshaschangeddramaticallyoverthelast40yearsandscientistshadassumedthatachangeindietmighthaveplayedarole,'saidCaseyYoungflesh…However,continuedchangesinthephysicalenvironmentandagrowingkrillfisheryintheregionarelikelytohaveaninfluenceonpenguinprey(猎物)andpenguinpopulationitself.”可知，在过去40年企鹅数量各方面发生急剧变化，科学家原来已经假设是饮食的变化发挥作用，然而，外部物理环境的变化和这一地区不断扩张的鳞虾养殖很可能对企鹅的猎物（数量）产生影响，进而影响到企鹅自身的数量，所以说饮食的改变并不像原先设想的那样，真正影响了企鹅的数量，故选C。【答案】12．B13．D14．D15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家对"淋浴效应"的研究。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Inarecentstudy,researchersfoundthatmildlyengagingtaskslikeshoweringorwalkingcanproducethemostcreativity."在最近的一项研究中，研究人员发现，淋浴或散步等轻度参与的任务可以产生最大的创造力；"Constrainingyourthoughtsthroughminorstimulationseemstopromotemorecreativitycomparedtoifyourmindiswanderingandthere'snothinggoingonaroundyou"与你的大脑在游荡，周围什么都没有的情况相比，通过微小的刺激来约束你的想法似乎能促进更多的创造力；以及第三段中的"Theyfoundthattheparticipantswhowatchedthemildlystimulatingvideocameupwithmorecreativesolutions."他们发现，观看轻度刺激视频的参与者想出了更具创造性的解决方案。故选B。13．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Instead,participantseithersawavideothatwasconsideredboring—twomenfoldinglaundry—oravideoofthefamoussceneinWhenHarryMetSally...,whichwasconsideredmildlystimulating.Afterthat,participantshad45secondsbeforeresearchersaskedthemtodescribehowtheywouldpossiblyuseabrickoranail.Researchersthenexaminedboththenumberofideasgeneratedandtheoriginalityofthoseideas."相反，参与者要么看到了一段被认为无聊的两个男人叠衣服的视频，要么看到了《当哈里遇见莎莉…》中著名场景的视频，这被认为是轻度刺激。之后，参与者有45秒的时间，研究人员要求他们描述如何使用砖块或钉子。研究人员随后检查了产生的想法的数量和这些想法的独创性。可推知提供给参与者一些常见物品的创造性用途。故选D。14．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"Someofthemaresodedicatedthattheywon'tgetupfromtheirdesksuntiltheyhaveacreativeidea,whichiscounterproductivebecausetheydon'teverlettheirbrainsstepbackandtakearest."他们中的一些人非常敬业，直到有了创造性的想法才从办公桌上站起来，这会适得其反，因为他们从不让大脑后退一步休息。可推知counterproductive是"适得其反"之意，故选D。15．考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了为什么我们在淋浴时得到最好的想法，以及科学家对"淋浴效应"的研究，故选C。【答案】16．E；17．A；18．D；19．C；20．F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一个人要想每天都能多出两小时的时间来做更多的事情，就要学会利用平时五到十分钟的碎片时间，作者对此给出了一些建议。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"A5-minute'scallisenough.Anemailisevenquicker."一个五分钟的电话足够了，一个电子邮件甚至更快；并结合本段大意可知，这里推荐了两种与家人和朋友保持联系的方式。A.Butbothmakeadifference"两种都有作用"补充说明了两种的作用，符合语境。故选A。17．根据空前"A5-minute'scallisenough.Anemailisevenquicker."一个五分钟的电话足够了，一个电子邮件甚至更快；并结合本段大意可知，这里推荐了两种与家人和朋友保持联系的方式。A.Butbothmakeadifference"两种都有作用"补充说明了两种的作用，符合语境。故选A。18．根据本段小标题"Strengthenbody"强身健体；以及空后"orafewstretches(伸展运动)"可知，设空处应为锻炼身体方面的运动，D.A10-minute'swalkcangetyourbloodflowingbetter"一个十分钟的散步能让你促进你的血液循环"符合语境。故选D。19．根据空后"Andkeepitupeveryday,you'llbeamazedtofindyourlifeorganizedandgetyourselfrefreshed."并且每天保持，你就会惊喜地发现你的生活变得有条理了，你自己也焕然一新。可知，本段主要讲述的方法是需要让自己放松。C.Refreshyourself"放松自己"为本段主旨。故选C。20．根据空后"Youcanwriteallofthetasksyou'dliketocompletethatday,week,ormonthonthelist."你能在这个清单上写下所有你想要那天、那周、那月完成的任务；及其中的"write"、"list"可知，F.Thenexttimeyouhaveminutestospare,writeoutato-dolist"下一次你花几分钟来写一份必做清单"衔接合理、符合语境，故选F。【答案】21．B；22．D；23．A；24．B；25．C；26．C；27．A；28．B；29．A；30．D；31．C；32．A；33．D；34．B；35．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了AmyTaylor一家和警察相互支持的故事。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。21．句意：她的丈夫患了很多肾衰竭，2020年，这位可怜的母亲在经济萧条中失去了工作。A.changed"改变"；B.lost"失去"；C.quit"辞去"；D.finished"完成"。根据下文"Emilyandherunemployedmother"可知，AmyTaylor失业了。故选B。22．句意：在春假期间，她14岁的女儿兼职挣了一点钱。A.offered"提供"；B.suggested"建议"；C.set"设置"；D.earned"挣"。根据空后"minimumwage"指挣钱，故选D。23．句意：他目前情况危急。A.critical"严重的，危险的"；B.rare"稀少的"；C.stable"稳定的"；D.fair"公平的，合理的"。根据上文"JimmyMoss,whowasbadlyhurtinacaraccidentinthelineofduty."可推知，此处指这位警察伤情很严重，情况很危急。故选A。24．句意：艾米丽和她失业的母亲永远不会忘记，当泰勒有一天在街上被抢劫时，这个警察是多么的好心。A.annoyed"厌烦的"；B.nice"好心的"；C.disappointed"失望的"；D.wise"睿智的"。根据空后"thepolicehadbeenwhenTaylorwasrobbedinthestreetoneday"可推知，此处指警察非常好，帮助了他们。故选B。25．句意：艾米丽决定把钱捐给莫斯警官的家人。A.lend"借出"；B.pass"传递"；C.donate"捐赠"；D.show"显示，出示"。根据下文"madeananonymous(匿名的)donation"可知，Emily决定将她挣的钱捐给了Moss警官一家。故选C。26．句意：她的妈妈欣然同意。A.temporarily"暂时地，临时地"；B.hesitantly"迟疑地"；C.readily"乐意地，欣然地"；D.cautiously"谨慎地"。根据下文"Taylorcalledthepoliceandmadeananonymous(匿名的)donation."可知妈妈欣然同意她捐款。故选C。27．句意：被她慷慨的表达感谢所感动，警察们做了他们最擅长的事——他们找到了泰勒。A.generous"慷慨大方的"；B.distant"遥远的，疏远的"；C.written"书面的"；D.public"公共的，公开的"。根据上文"madeananonymous(匿名的)donation"可知，Taylor捐赠了钱，说明她表达感谢的方式很慷慨。故选A。28．句意：被她慷慨的表达感谢所感动，警察们做了他们最擅长的事——他们找到了泰勒。A.cameacross"无意中发现"；B.trackeddown"追踪，找到"；C.turnedto"转向，求助"；D.calmeddown"使平静，镇静"。根据下文"Whensheexplainedthefamily's9,theofficerscouldhardlybelieveit."可知，警察找到了Taylor。