山东省聊城市2023-2024学年高三年级上册1月期末考试英语试题(解析版)

山东省聊城市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末考试

英语试题

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Americaisoneofthebesttravellingoptionsforeveryone.HeretheGoodHotelGuideshares

someofthetopAmericanhotelsfortravelerstochoosefrom.

TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort

Ifyouwantaquiet,stress-freegetaway,TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResortmightbe

justtheplace.SittingrightontheshoresoftheAtlanticOcean,thishotelisadestinationuntoitself.

Meanwhile,staffgoesoutoftheirwaytoattendtotheirguests'needs.However,ifyouarehopingto

exploreurbanareas,bewarnedthishotelislocatedapproximately25milessouthofthecity.

ThePeninsulaChicago

Travelersdescribetheguestroomsascomfortablethankstotheirmoderntechietouches,likea

bedsideremotecommandstationthatcontrolsthelights,televisionandroomtemperatures.During

yourstay,guestsrecommendmakingtimefor（hetastyCantonesedishesservedintheShanghai

Terracerestaurant.However,formanytravelers,itwasThePeninsulaChicago'sfriendlyservice

staffthatconvincedthemtostayhereagain.

SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX

Locatedjust1312feetfromLosAngelesInternationalAirport,thishoteloffersfree24-hour

airportshuttles,easyaccesstothecitycenter.Withnearbymotorways,Hollywoodisjust12miles

awayfromSonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX.Couplesinparticularlikethelocation—theyratedit

8.5foratwo-persontripbecauseofitsconvenienceandthewelcomingstaff.

SheratonGatewayLosAngelesHotel

Thismodemhotelprovidesfree24-hourdedicatedshuttleservicetoLosAngelesInternational

AirportJust3minutes'driveaway.Guestscanrelaxintheoutdoorheatedpool.Recentguestsgive

thecourteousandprofessionalstaffhighpraise.Coupleslikethelocationbeit——theyratedit8.7for

atwo-persontrip.

1.Ifyouwanttorelieveyourtension,whichhotelwouldyouliketochoose?

A.SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX.

B.TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort.

C.ThePeninsulaChicago.

D.SheratonGatewayLosAngelesHotel.

2.Whichhotelisthemostfavorabletocouples?

A.TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort.

B.ThePeninsulaChicago.

C.SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX.

D.SheratonGatewayLosAngelesHotel.

3.Whatdothefourhotelshaveincommon?

A.Theyofferconvenientaccesstothedowntownarea.

B.Theyhavequalitycustomerservice.

C.Theyarepopularamongcouples.

D.Theyarelocatedneartheairport.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了几家美国顶级酒店供旅行者选择。

K答案』LB2.C3.B

【1题详析】

细节理解题。根据TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort部分中“Ifyouwantaquiet,

stress-freegetaway,TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResortmightbejusttheplace.（如果你想

要一个安静，无压力的度假，在基亚瓦岛高尔夫度假村的避难所可能只是一个地方）”可知，

如果你想缓解你的压力，TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort是最佳选择。故选B项。

【2题详析】

细节理解题。根据SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX部分中**Couplesinparticularlikethe

location—theyratedit8.5foratwo-persontripbecauseofitsconvenienceandthewelcoming

staff.（情侣们特别喜欢这里的地理位置——他们给两人旅行打了8.5分，因为这里很方便，

工作人员也很热情）”可知，对情侣来说，SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX最有利。故选C

项。

【3题详析】

细节理解题。根据TheSanctuaryatKiawahIslandGolfResort部分中wMeanwhile,staffgoes

outoftheirwaytoattendtotheirguests'needs.（与此同时，工作人员会不遗余力地满足客人的

需求）"、ThePeninsulaChicago部分中“However,formanytravelers,itwasThePeninsula

Chicago'sfriendlyservicestaffthatconvincedthemtostayhereagain.（然而，对于许多游客来说，

是芝加哥半岛酒店友好的服务人员说服他们再次入住）"、SonestaLosAngelesAirportLAX

部分中“becauseofitsconvenienceandthewelcomingstaff.（因为它的便利和热情的工作人员）”

和SheratonGatewayLosAngelesHotel部分中“Recentguestsgivethecourteousand

professionalstaffhighpraise.（最近的客人对我们彬彬有礼和专业的工作人员给予了很高的评

价）”可知，四家酒店的共同点是他们都有优质的客户服务。故选B项。

B

ThisstoryispartofNature's10,anannuallistproducedbytheworld'sleadingsciencejournal

Nature,exploringindividualswhocontributedtothekeydevelopmentsinscience.Onthe2023list

published,thejournalincludedanon-humanentity-ChatGPT,forthefirsttime.

ChatGPTandrelatedsoftwarecanhelptobrainstormideas,enhancescientificsearchengines

andidentifyresearchgapsintheliterature,saysMarinkaZitnik,whoworksonAIformedical

researchatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,Massachusetts.Models（rainedinsimilarwayson

scientificdatacouldhelptobuildAIsystemsthatcanguideresearch,perhapsbydesigningnew

moleculesorsimulatingcellbehaviour,Zitnikadds.

Butwhyincludeacomputerprograminalistofpeoplewhohaveshapedsciencein2023?

ChatGPTisnotaperson.Butactually,itandothergenerativeartificial-intelligence（AI）programs

arechanginghowscientistswork.TheyhavealsorekindleddebatesaboutthelimitsofAI,the

natureothumanintelligenceandhowbesttoregulatetheinteractionbetweenthetwo.1hafswhy

thisyear'sNature's10hasanon-humanaddition.

Interestingly,Nature'slistalsoincludesoneofitscreators.IlyaSutskever,thechiefscientist

andcofbunderofOpenAI,theorganizationthatcreatedChatGPT,isoneofthemindsatthe

forefrontofgenerativeartificialintelligence.Hesawthiscompanyasanopportunitytodevelop

generalartificialintelligencethatcouldoutperformhumansanddevelopitsownconsciousness.

Sutskeverbelievesthatartificialintelligence'spotentialistoogreatfbrmodelstobeavailable

toanyonewhowantstousethem,andhewasamongthefirsttorealize（hatthesystemsthat

scientistslikehismentor,GeoffreyHinton,hadbeguntodevelopwouldbegintoshowtheiractual

capabilitiesascomputingpowerincreased.Inrecentmonths,hedevotedhiseffortstowardcreating

amethodtodirectandcontrolartificialintelligencesystemsthataremoreintelligentthanhumans.

4.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutNature's10accordingtothepassage?

A.Nature's10iscelebratingthedevelopmentofsciencetechnology.

B.OnlyhumanbeingswereelectedasNature's10before.

C.Nature's10wasstartedin2023forthefirsttime.

D.Itwasawardedbythelocalgovernmentyearly.

5.Whatisthesecondparagraphabout?

A.Experts'opinionsonChatGPT.

B.HowchatGPTfunctions.

C.TheapplicationofchatGPTinscienceresearch.

D.ThepromotionofChatGPT.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordrekindledinparagraph3mean?

A.Settled.B.Restarted.

C.Participated.D.Launched.

7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeIlyaSutskever'sattitudetowardsChatGPT?

A.Confidentandcautious.B.Proudandconcerned.

C.Objectiveanddoubtful.D.Enthusiasticandwarning.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了《自然》杂志将ChatGPT选入“自然10强”

并分析了原因。文章同时介绍ChatGPT的创造者之一伊利亚・苏茨克维尔对ChatGPT的看法。

K答案W4.B5.C6.B7.A

【4题详析】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“Onihe2023listpublished,thejournalincludedanon-humanentity

-ChatGPT,forthefirstlime.（在公布的2023年名单中，该杂志首次纳入了一个非人类实体

-ChatGPT）”可知，在此之前，只有人类能被选为“自然10强”。故选B项。

【5题详析】

主旨大意题。根据第二段中uChatGPTandrelatedsoftwarecanhelptobrainstormideas,enhance

scientificsearchenginesandidentifyresearchgapsintheliterature,saysMarinkaZitnik,who

worksonAIformedicalresearchatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,Massachusetts.Models

trainedinsimilarwaysonscientificdatacouldhelptobuildAIsystemsthatcanguideresearch,

perhapsbydesigningnewmoleculesorsimulatingcellbehaviour,Zitnikadds.（马萨诸塞州波士顿

的哈佛医学院从事人工智能医学研究的MarinkaZitnik说，ChatGPT和相关软件可以帮助集

思广益，增强科学搜索引擎，并识别文献中的研究空白。Zitnik补充说，以类似的方式对科

学数据进行训练的模型可以帮助是立指导研究的人工智能系统，也许可以通过设计新分子或

模拟细胞行为来实现）”可知，本段主要讨论了ChatGPT和其他生成式人工智能程序如何改

变科学家的工作方式，并提到了ChatGPT在指导研究和增强科学搜索引擎方面的潜在可能。

由此可知，第二段介绍了ChatGPT在科学研究领域中的应用。故选C项。

【6题详析】

词句猜测题。前缀re-表示“重新；再”；结合常识和划线词后“debatesaboutthelimitsofAI,

thenatureofhumanintelligenceandhowbesttoregulatetheinteractionbetweenthelwo（关于人

工智能的局限性、人类智能的本质以及如何最好地规范两者之间的互动的辩论）”可知，关

于人工智能的这些话题的辩论并不是新事物，以前就已经有过很多相关的辩论，由此推知，

ChatGPT的出现只是重新引发了相关辩论。故划线词rekindled与restarted“重新开始”意思

接近。故选B项。

【7题详析】

推理判断题。根据第四段中"Hesawthiscompanyasanopportunitytodevelopgeneralartificial

intelligencethatcouldoutperformhumansanddevelopitsownconsciousness.（他认为这家公司是

开发通用人工智能的一个机会，它可以超越人类，发展自己的意识）”和最后一段中“hewas

amongthefirsttorealizethatthesystemsthatscientistslikehismentor,GeoffreyHinton,hadbegun

todevelopwouldbegintoshowtheiractualcapabilitiesascomputingpowerincreased.（他是最早

意识到，随着计算能力的提高，像他的导师杰弗里・辛顿这样的科学家开始开发的系统将开

始显示其实际能力的人之一）”可推知，UyaSutskever认为人_E智能会超越人类，发展自己

的意识，对其能力充满信心（confident）；根据最后一段中“Sutskeverbelievesthatartificial

intelligence'spotentialistoogreatformodelstobeavailabletoanyonewhowantstouse

them（Sutskever认为，人工智能的潜力太大，任何想要使用它们的人都无法获得模型）”和

“Inrecentmonths,hedevotedhiseffortstowardcreatingamethodtodirectandcontrolartificial

intelligencesystemsthataremoreintelligentthanhumans.（最近几个月,他致力于创造一种方法

来指导和控制比人类更聪明的人工智能系统）”可推知，UyaSutskever对人工智能的运用非

常诬慎（cautious）,希望创造一种方法来指导和控制比人类更聪明的人工智能。故选A项。

C

TheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentrehasrecently“rediscovered“anancientsharkskeleton

thathasbeensittinginthemuseum'scollectionfornearly50years.Couldthissharkbeapartofa

newlydiscoveredancientsharkspecies?

Thisfossil'soriginaldiscoverywasin1975onafarmjustwestofMorden,Manitoba.The

skeletonwasbroughtintothemuseumandwasforgottenwithintheever-growingfossilcollection.

Theskeletonwashiddeninthecollectionsroomforover40yearsandthecenterjustrecentlyfound

thefossilinitsstoragearoundeightyearsago.

AdolfbCuertara,thedirectoroftheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentre,explainedthat"It'sa

veryspecialsharkfbrmanyreasons.Ifshighlypossiblethatwearetalkingaboutanewspecies.”

Althoughthesharkhasnotbeengivenascientificnameyet,themuseumhasunofficiallynamedthe

skeleton,uDaven,inhonorofthefarmeronwhoselandtheskeletonwasfound.

Afterthefossilrediscovery,Davewasexhibitedatthefossilcentermuseum.Daveisaround15

feetlongandisoneofthelargestwell-preservedsharkskeletonsintheentireworld.Withinthe

paleontology（古生物学）world,completesharkfossilsareextremelyrareduetotheirsoftcartilage

（软骨结构）whichdisintegratesastheyage.Dave'ssharkspeciesarcfilterfeederswithnoteeth,

whoreceivetheirnutritionbyabsorbingitoutofthewater.CuertaraemphasizesDave'suniqueness

byexplaining,4tTheshapeofthejawsandtheskullandthekindofstructuresthatithas,becausethe

preservationisreallyamazing,istellingusthatitisprobablygoingtobeanewspecies.The

problemisnowwcneedscientificpapersandscientificresearchandthispaperisunderway.”

TheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentreishopefulthatmorescientificresearchwillprovide

moreinformationonDave'sancientsharkspecies.Fornow,Daveiscurrentlyondisplayatthe

CanadianFossilDiscoveryCentreandthemuseumhastheexhibituptodatewiththeircurrent

information.

8.Whereprobablycouldyoufindthisarticle?

A.Sciencetextbookofcollege.

B.Advertisingbrochureofmuseum.

C.Discoverycolumnofmagazine.

D.Bulletinboardofanimalworld.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disintegrates“meaninthefourthparagraph?

A.Dieaway.B.Breakdown.

C.Buildup.D.Liedown.

10.WhatevidencemadescientistsbelieveDaveisanewsharkspecies?

A.Thestructureofskullandjaw.

B.Thepreservationofjawandtheskull.

C.Theuniquenessofnoteethstructure.

D.Theraresoftcartilage.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.CanadianFossilDiscoveryCentredisplaysDaveancientsharkspecies.

B.Dave'ssharkspeciesisanewspeciesofancientshark.

C.CanadianMuseumrediscoversanewancientsharkspecies.

D.Dave'ssharkskeletonisinhonorofthefarmerwhorediscoveredit.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了加拿大化石发现中心最近重新发现了一具古

老的鲨鱼骨架，该骨架在博物馆的收藏中已经存放了近50年。这可能是一种新发现的古老

鲨鱼物种，目前尚未正式命名，但博物馆暂时以“戴夫”为其非正式名称。

K答案78.C9.B10.B1LC

【8题详析】

推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中"TheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentrehasrecently

“rediscovered“anancientsharkskeletonthathasbeensittinginthemuseum'scollectionfor

nearly50years.（加拿大化石发现中心最近“重新发现”了一具在博物馆收藏了近50年的占

代鲨鱼骨架）”和最后一段中“TT.eCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentreishopefulthatmore

scientificresearchwillprovidemoreinformationonDave'sancientsharkspecies.Fornow,Dave

iscurrentlyondisplayattheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentreandthemuseumhastheexhibitup

todatewiththeircurrentinformalioi.（加拿大化石发现中心希望更多的科学研究能提供更多关

于戴夫古鲨鱼物种的信息。目前，戴夫目前正在加拿大化石发现中心展出，博物馆的展品与

他们目前的信息同步）”可知，本文介绍了加拿大化石发现中心对其馆藏“古鲨鱼骨架”的

再发现，并说明了其意义。由此推知，本文可能出自杂志中的发现栏目。故选C项。

【9题详析】

词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句"Withinthepaleontology（古生物学）world,completeshark

fossilsareextremelyrareduetotheirsoftcartilage（软骨结构）whichdisintegratesastheyage.（在

古生物学界，完整的鲨鱼化石极其罕见，因为它们的软骨会随着年龄的增长而disimegraies）”

中“soflcanilage（软骨结构）”可挂知，因为鲨鱼是软骨，所以随着年龄的增长，骨头会“分

解“，很难保留下来。划线词disintegrates与动词短语Breakdown同义。故选B项。

【10题详析】

细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theshapeofthejawsandtheskullandthekindofstructuresthatit

has,becausethepreservationisreallyamazing,istellingusthatitisprobablygoingtobeanew

species.（颌骨和头骨的形状以及它的结构，因为保存得非常惊人地完好，告诉我们它可能是

一个新物种）”可知，得到保存的颌骨和头骨让科学家相信戴夫是一种新的鲨鱼物种。故选

B项。

【11题详析】

主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“TheCanadianFossilDiscoveryCentrehasrecently

“rediscovered“anancientsharkskeletonthathasbeensittinginthemuseum'scollectionfor

nearly50years.（加拿大化石发现中心最近“重新发现”了一具在博物馆收藏了近50年的古

代鲨鱼骨架）”可知，文章主要介绍了加拿大化石发现中心对其馆藏“古鲨鱼骨架”的再发

现，它可能是一种新的古老鲨鱼物种，所以"CanadianMuseumrediscoversanewancientshark

species.（加拿大博物馆重新发现了一种新的古鲨鱼物种）”是文章的主要内容。故选C项。

D

Typically,peoplearemorelikelytosharethingsthatcanleadtoanexchangeofsaliva（唾液）,

suchaskissesoranicecreamcone,withfamilymembersorclosefriendsthanwithanacquaintance

oracolleague.Asaresult,itcanbemarkersofa“thickrclationship^^,whichcanhelpbabieswork

outwhoisincloserelationshipswithoneanother,astudysuggests.

AshleyThomas,adevelopmentalpsychologistatMIT,andcolleaguesranexperimentsof

peopleengagingwithpuppets（木偶）.Researchers,ofcourse,can'tknowexactlywhatbabiesarc

thinking.Buttrackingwheretheylookisonewaytogetahint.Theideaisnotthatyoungchildren

mightbeexpectinganadulttocomfortthepuppet,Thomassays.Instead,theresearchersexpected

thattheyoungchildrenwouldlooktowardthepersonthattheyexpecttomovefirstwhenthepuppet

expressesdistress（悲伤）,andthatwouldbethepersonwhohasacloserrelationshipwiththetoy,

shesays.

Forsomeoftheexperiments,theteamshowed8-to10-month-oldbabiesor16-to

18-month-oldtoddlersvideosofawomansharinganorangeslicewithapuppet.Asecondvideo

depictedanotherwomanandthepuppetplayingwithaball.Duringafinalvideothatshowedthe

puppetseeminglycryingwhileseatedbetweenthetwowomen,thekids'eyesweredrawntothe

womanwhohadsharedtheorangeslice—asignthekidsmayhavebeenexpectinghertoreact.

Theteamsawsimilarresultswhenonewomaninteractedwithtwopuppets.Thewomanstuck

herfingerinhermouthandthenonepuppet'smouthtosharehersaliva.Fortheother,shetouched

onlyherforeheadandthenthepuppet'sforehead.Infantsandtoddlersspentmoretimelookingat

thepuppetthathadswappedsalivaafterthewomanshoweddistress.

Thisstudythrowsnewlightonchild'spsychology.Butit'sunclearhowthefindingsrelateto

thedailylivesofyoungchildren.Futureexperimentscouldswitchoutactressesinthestudyfor

familymembersorteacherstobetterunderstandtherolesalivamayplayinhowbabiesandtoddlers

distinguishdifferenttypesofrelationships.

12.Whatcanhelpbabiesfigureoutcloserelationships?

A.Thingsthatcanresultinanexchangeofemotion.

B.Intimateactionsthatsharesaliva.

C.AnicecreamconeintheSweetStop.

D.Behaviorsthatcomfortthepuppet.

13.Howdoresearchersknowwhohasacloserrelationshipwiththepuppe:inbabies,eyes?

A.Byfindingwhatbabiesarethinking.

B.Bytrackingwherebabiespoint.

C.Byknowingwhotheyoungchildrenlooktoward.

D.Bywatchingwhocometocomfortthepuppet.

14.What'sthepurposeofparagraph4?

A.lbgivesupportingevidencetorthestudyresults.

B.lbshowpotentialapplicationofthestudyfindings.

C.lbmakeabriefconclusionofthestudyresults.

D.Toraiseareasonabledoubtaboutthestudyprocess.

15.What'stheauthor'sattitudetothisnewfinding?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Objective.D.Unclear.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍相关研究证明人们更倾向于与家人或亲密朋友分

享唾液，这在婴儿看来是“亲密关系”的标志。

K答案》12.B13.C14.A15.A

【12题详析】

细节理解题。根据第一段"Typically,peoplearemorelikelytosharethingsthatcanleadtoan

exchangeofsaliva（唾液），suchaskissesoranicecreamcone,withfamilymembersorclose

friendsthanwithanacquaintanceoracolleague.Asaresult,itcanbemarkersofa“thick

relationship^,whichcanhelpbabiesworkoutwhoisincloserelationshipswithoneanother,a

studysuggests.（通常情况下，人们更倾向于与家人或亲密的朋友分享可以引起唾液交换的东

西，比如亲吻或冰淇淋甜筒，而不是与熟人或同事分享。因此，一项研究表明，这可能是“亲

密关系”的标志，可以帮助婴儿弄清楚谁与另一个人关系密切）”可知，分享唾液的亲密行

为可以帮助婴儿弄清楚亲密的关系。故选B项。

【13题详析】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers,ofcourse,can'tknowexactlywhatbabiesare

thinking.Buttrackingwheretheylookisonewaytogetahint.（当然，研究人员无法确切知道婴

儿在想什么。但追踪他们看的地方是获得线索的一种方式）”和“Instead,theresearchers

expectedthattheyoungchildrenwouldlooktowardthepersonthattheyexpecttomovefirst

whenthepuppetexpressesdistress（悲伤），andthatwouldbethepersonwhohasacloser

relationshipwiththetoy,shesays.（她说，相反，研究人员预计，当木偶表现出悲伤时，年幼

的孩子会把目光投向他们预计会首先移动的人，而这个人可能是与玩具关系更密切的人）”

可知，通过观察孩子们在看谁，研究人员就能知道在婴儿眼中，谁与木偶关系更密切。故选

C项。

【14题详析】

推理判断题。第四段“Theteamsawsimilarresultswhenonewomaninteractedwithtwo

puppets.1hewomanstuckherfingerinhermouthandthenonepuppefsmouthtosharehersaliva.

Fortheother,shetouchedonlyherforeheadandthenthepuppet'sforehead.Infantsandtoddlers

spentmoretimelookingatthepuppetthathadswappedsalivaafterthewomanshowed

distress.（当一名妇女与两个木偶互动时，研究小组也看到了类似的结臭。这个女人把手指先

伸进嘴里，然后伸进一个木偶的嘴里，分享她的唾液。对于另一个，她只是先触摸自己的额

头，然后触摸木偶的额头。在女人表现出痛苦后，婴儿和蹒跚学步的孩子会花更多的时间看

那个分享唾液的木偶）”中详细介绍了另一个相关实验。结合段首句“Theteamsawsimilar

resultswhenonewomaninteractedwithtwopuppets.（当一名妇女与两个木偶互动时，研究小组

也看到了类似的结果）”可知，第四段是为研究结果提供支持性证据。故选A项。

【15题详析】

推理判断题。根据“Thisstudythrowsnewlightonchild'spsychology.（这项研究对儿童.心理学

有了新的认识）"和**Futureexperimentscouldswitchoutactressesinthestudyforfamily

membersorteacherstobetterunderstandtherolesalivamayplayinhowbabiesandtoddlers

distinguishdifferenttypesofrelationships.（未来的实验可能会把研究中的女演员换成家庭成员

或老师，以更好地理解唾液在婴幼儿如何区分不同类型的关系中可能发挥的作用）”可推知，

作者肯定这一研究的作用与前景，所以对其持赞成的态度。故选A项。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余

选项。

NewacademicianstakeagroupphotoafterthecertificateawardingceremonyattheChinese

AcademyofSciences.16Theyaimedtomakegreatercontributionstothedevelopmentof

thenation'sscientificresearchbyencouragingtheyounggenerationandpromotingtheroleof

femalescientists.

AcademicianHuangmadethreecommitmentstohimself—tocontributehisenergyto

scientificresearch;toapplyhisachievementsinthefields;andtoprovidemoreopportunitiesfor

youngpeople."17Byallowingoutstandingyoungpeopletohavesufficientopportunities,

wecanfosteradiversescientificcommunitywithvigorousdebates,“hesaid.

AcademicianJianZhiminadvisedyoungstudentsthatpersistenceisthemostvaluablespiriton

thepathofscientificresearch."18Thisdeterminationandperseveranceareessentialin

scientificresearch,hesaid.

Outofthe59newlyelectedacademiciansthisyear,fiveol（hemarefemalescientists.

AcademicianJinKuijuanmentionedthatwomenhaveuniqueperspectives,andrespectingtherole

ofwomenisofcrucialsignificance.19.

20Forexample,shesaidfundinginstitutionssuchastheNationalNaturalScience

FoundationandtheExcellentYoungScholarsFundhaverelaxedtheiragerestrictions,takinginto

considerationthetimeandenergywomenneedforchildbirthandchildcare.

A.Theyarcmoreresilient（有适应力的）,whichcontributestothedevelopmentofscience.

B.Inrecentyears,Jinhasnoticedth?increasingsupportforfemalescientistsinChina.

C.Asacademicians,weneedtosharemoreopportunitieswiththeyoungergeneration.

D.Shehasbothmaleandfemalestudents,whoareirreplaceabletoeachother.

E.The59newlyelectedacademiciansvowedattheceremonyonFriday.

F.IhopethehonorIreceivedcaninspiremorefemalestodevelopaninterestinphysics.

G.Toachievesuccessinthefieldofscience,themostimportantthingistopersistwithoriginal

intention.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道中国科学院新当选院士以及他们的科研精神和

对于科研事业的承诺。

K答案》16.E17.C18.G19.A20.B

【16题详析】

上文“Newacademicianstakeagroupphotoafterthecertificateawardingceremonyatthe

ChineseAcademyofSciences.（新晋院士在中国科学院颁证仪式后合影留念。）”描述新晋院

士参力口颁证仪式的场景，结合常识可知,E项“The59newlyelectedacademiciansvowedatthe

ceremonyonFriday.（59位新当选的院士在周五的典礼上宣誓就职。）”与上文内容相符，说

明颁证仪式的时间和相关宣誓程序，下文“Theyaimedtomakegreatercontributionstothe

developmentofthenation'sscientificresearchbyencouragingtheyounggenerationand

promotingtheroleoffemalescientists.（他们旨在是通过鼓励年轻一代和提高女科学家的作用,

为国家的科学研究的发展做出更大的贡献。）”说明宣誓相关内容，上下文语意连贯。故选

E项。

【17题详析】

根据下文“Byallowingoutstandingyoungpeopletohavesufficientopportunities,wecanfoster

adiversescientificcommunitywithvigorousdebates（让优秀的年轻人有足够的机会，我们可以

培育一个多元化的科学界，并进行激烈的辩论尸可知，黄院士强调要给年轻人机会，C项

“Asacademicians,weneedtosharemoreopportunitieswiththeyoungergeneration.（作为院士,

我们需要与年轻一代分享更多的机会。）”与黄院士观点一致，句中“Asacademicians,we...”

是黄院士的自称。故选C项。

【18题详析】

上文upersistenceisthemostvaluablespiritonthepathofscientificresearch.（坚持是科学研究

道路上最宝贵的精神。）"和下文"Thisdeterminationandperseverancearcessentialin

scientificresearch.（这种决心和毅力在科学研究中是必不可少的。）”强调“坚持”、“决心”

和“毅力"，G项"Toachievesuccessinthefieldofscience,themostimportantthingisto

persisiwithoriginalintenlion.（要在科学领域取得成功，最重要的是坚持初心。）”中表达同样

的主旨，句中“persistwithoriginalinlenlion”与上下文内容相照应。故选G项。

【19题详析】

上文wAcademicianJinKuijuanmentionedthatwomenhaveuniqueperspectives,andrespecting

theroleofwomenisofcrucialsignificance.（金奎娟院士提到，女性有独特的视角，尊重女性

的作用至关重要。）”提出女性科学家的重要性，A项“Theyaremoreresilient（有适应力的）,

whichcontributestothedevelopmentofscience.（他们适应力更强，这有助于科学的发展。）”

承接上文，说明女性科学家的优势，句中指示代词“They”指代上文中“women”。故选A

项。

【20题详析】

下文“Forexample,shesaidfundinginstitutionssuchastheNationalNaturalScienceFoundation

andtheExcellentYoungScholarsFundhaverelaxedtheiragerestrictions,takinginto

considerationthetimeandenergywomenneedforchildbirthandchildcare.（例如，她说，国家自

然科学基金和优秀青年学者基金等资助机构已经放宽了年龄限制，考虑到女性生育和照顾孩

子所需的时间和精力。）”提出相关机构在政策上对女性科学家的支持，是对B项“Inrecent

years,JinhasnoticedtheincreasingsupportforfemalescientistsinChina.（近年来，金注意到中

国对女科学家的支持越来越多。）”的举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

IhadnotvisitedEtonformanyyears.Whenone-daypassingfromtheFellows,Libraryintothe

Gallery,1caughtsightotthe21otmyschoolfriendDigbyDolbenhangingjustwithout

thedooramongourmost22contemporaries.Iwas23arrestedandasIstood

gazingonit,my24askedmeifIknewwhoitwas.IwasthinkingthatImustbealmostthe

onlypersonwhowouldknowhim.Far25ofmyboyhoodwerecrowding26

uponme:hewasstandingagainbesidemeintheeagerpromiseofhisyouth.

Thisportrait-galleryofoldEtoniansisvery27:outstandingdistinctionofbirthor

excellentqualitiesmaywinyouaplacethere.28.howcameDolbenthere?Itwas

29hewasapoet;andyethispoemswerenotknown.Theywerecarefully30

byhisfamilyandafewfriends.Indeed,suchofhispoemsascouldhavecometotheeyesofthe

authoritieswhoapprovedofthismemorialwouldnot31it.Therewasanother

32—theportraitbearsitsowncertification.Thoughyoumightnotperhapsunderstand

thepoetinit,youcanseethesoulimmersedindeeptho