《航空工程技术英语》课件-Regulations -STE教学课件：Regulations-STE

Regulations航空工程技术英语目录CONTENTSGeneralIntroduction01Rule02GeneralIntroductionPART01GeneralIntroductionWhatisASDSimplifiedTechnicalEnglish?什么是ASD简化技术英语？ASD(AerospaceandDefenceIndustries)

ASDSimplifiedTechnicalEnglish(STE)isaninternationalspecificationforthepreparationoftechnicaldocumentationinacontrolledlanguage.STEhastwoparts:asetofwritingrules(part1)andacontrolleddictionary(part2).Thewritingrulescoveraspectsofgrammarandstyle.Thedictionarygivesthegeneralwordsthatawritercanuse.ThepurposeofSTEistogivetechnicalwritersguidelinesonhowtowritetechnicaltextsinaclear,simpleandunambiguousmannerthatreadersthroughouttheworldwillfindeasytounderstand.TheSTEspecificationisnotatreatiseontheEnglishlanguageortechnicalwriting.Thus,linguisticmattersarenotincludedinthisspecificationbecausetheyareadequatelyexplainedinotherlanguagereferencebooksandguidelines.GeneralIntroductionWhatisthepurposeofSTE?GeneralIntroductionWhichwordsareavailabletothewriter?STEhasacontrolledgeneraldictionarythatgivesthewordsthataremostfrequentlyusedintechnicalwriting.Theapprovedwordswereselectedbecausetheyweresimpleandeasytorecognize.Ingeneral,eachwordhasonlyonemeaningandfunctionsasonlyonepartofspeech.Forexample,“tofall”hastheapprovedmeaningof“tomovedownbytheforceofgravity,”andnot“todecrease”.WhenthereareseveralwordsinEnglishforthesamething(synonyms),STEpermitsoneofthesesynonymstotheexclusionoftheothers.Forexample,STEuses“start”insteadof“begin”,“commence”,“initiate”,or“originate”.STEapprovedmeaningsandspellingarebasedonAmericanEnglish(Merriam-Webster’sdictionary).GeneralIntroductionWhichwordsareavailabletothewriter?Inadditiontoitsgeneraldictionary,STEpermitstheuseofcompany-specificorproject-orientedtechnicalwords(referredtoinSTEastechnicalnamesandtechnicalverbs).Thesewordsarerelatedtothecategorieslistedintherespectiverules.Basically,writerscanusetheapprovedwordsinthedictionaryasacorevocabulary.Buttheycanalsousetermsthatareusualintheircompaniesorindustriesandapplicabletotheirprojectsandproducts.RulePART02RuleWhichwordscanyouuse?Rule1.1Youcanusewordsthatare:ApprovedinthedictionaryTechnicalnamesTechnicalverbsPartofspeechRule1.2Useapprovedwordsfromthedictionaryonlyasthepartofspeechgiven.RuleApprovedmeaningRule1.3Useapprovedwordsonlywiththeirapprovedmeanings.FormsofverbsandadjectivesRule1.4Useonlytheapprovedformsofverbsandadjectives.RuleTechnicalnamesRule1.5Youcanusewordsthatyoucanincludeinatechnicalnamecategory.Rule1.6Useawordthatisunapprovedinthedictionaryonlywhenitisatechnicalnameorpartofatechnicalname.Rule1.7Donotusewordsthataretechnicalnamesasverbs.Rule1.8Usetechnicalnamesthatagreewithapprovednomenclature.Rule1.9Whenyoumustselectatechnicalname,useonewhichisshortandeasytounderstand.RuleTechnicalnamesRule1.10Donotuseslangorjargonwordsastechnicalnames.Rule1.11Donotusedifferenttechnicalnamesforthesameitem.Rule1.12Youcanuseverbsthatyoucanincludeinatechnicalverbcategory.Rule1.13Donotusetechnicalverbsasnouns.TechnicalverbsRuleSpellingRule1.4UseAmericanEnglishspelling.NounclustersRule2.1Writenounclustersofnomorethanthreewords.Rule2.2Whenatechnicalnamehasmorethanthreewords,writeitinfull.Thenyoucansimplifyitasfollows:GiveashorternameUsehyphensbetweenwordsthatareusedasasingleunitorRuleArticlesanddemonstrativeadjectivesRule2.3Whenapplicable,useanarticle(the,a,an)orademonstrativeadjective(this,these)beforeanoun.FormsandtensesofverbsRule3.1Useonlythoseformsoftheverbthataregiveninthedictionary.Rule3.2Usetheapprovedformsoftheverbtomakeonly:Rule3.2FormsandtensesofverbsRuleUsetheapprovedformsoftheverbtomakeonly:TheinfinitiveTheimperative(commandform)ThesimplepresenttenseThesimplepasttenseThepastparticiple(asanadjective)ThefuturetenseFormsandtensesofverbsRuleRule3.3Usethepastparticipleonlyasanadjective.Rule3.4Donotusehelpingverbstomakecomplexverbstructures.Rule3.5Usethe“-ing”formofaverbonlyasamodifierinatechnicalname.ActivevoiceRule3.6Useonlytheactivevoiceinproceduralwriting.Usetheactivevoiceasmuchaspossibleindescriptivewriting.RuleHowtodescribeanactionRule3.7Useanapprovedverbtodescribeanaction(notanounorotherpartsofspeech).ShortsentencesandsimplesentencestructureRule4.1Writeshortandclearsentences.Rule4.2Donotomitwordsorusecontractionstomakeyoursentencesshorter.RuleVerticallistsRule4.3Useaverticallistforcomplextexts.ConnectingwordsandphrasesRule4.4Useconnectingwordsandphrasestoconnectsentencesthatcontainrelatedtopics.RuleRule5.2Writeonlyoneinstructionineachsentenceunlesstwoormoreactionsoccuratthesametime.VerbsRule5.3Writeinstructionsintheimperative(command)form.SentencesRule5.1Writeshortsentences.Useamaximumof20wordsineachsentence.RuleVerbsRule5.4Ifyoustartaninstructionwithadescriptivestatement(dependentphraseorclause),dividethatstatementfromthecommandwithacomma.NotesRule5.5Writenotesonlytogiveinformation,notinstructions.ContentstructureRule6.1Giveinformationgradually.RuleContentstructureRule6.1Giveinformationgradually.Rule6.2Usekeywordsandphrasestoorganizeyourtextlogically.SentencesRule6.3Writeshortsentences.Useamaximumof25wordsineachsentence.RuleParagraphsRule6.4Useparagraphstoshowrelatedinformation.Rule6.5Makesurethateachparagraphhasonlyonetopic.Rule6.6Makesurethatnoparagraphhasmorethansixsentences.DefinitionsHowtowritesafetyinstructionsRuleDefinitionsHowtowritesafetyinstructionsRule7.1Useanapplicableword(forexample,“warning”or“caution”)toidentifythelevelofrisk.Rule7.2Startasafetyinstructionwithaclearandsimplecommandorcondition.Rule7.3Giveanexplanationtoshowthespecificriskorpossibleresult.RulePunctuationRule8.1YoucanuseallstandardEnglishpunctuationmarksexceptthesemicolon(;).Rule8.2Usehyphens(-)toconnectcloselyrelatedwords.Rule8.3Youcanuseparentheses:TomakereferencestoillustrationsortextToincludelettersornumbersthatidentifyitemsonanillustrationorintextToidentifythestepsinaprocedureToincludeabbreviationsRulePunctuationRule8.1YoucanuseallstandardEnglishpunctuationmarksexceptthesemicolon(;).Rule8.2Usehyphens(-)toconnectcloselyrelatedwords.Rule8.3Youcanuseparentheses:TogivethesingularandpluralformsofanounatthesametimeToexplainwordsorapartofasentenceToincludeanalternativeRuleWordcountRule8.4Inaverticallist,acolon(:)hasthesameeffectonwordcountasafullstop(period)andshowstheendofasentence.Rule8.5Whenyouputtextinparentheses,itcountsasonewordinthatsentence.