高铁道岔表示电路故障处理铁路信号基础设备维护课件

高铁道岔表示电路故障处理天津铁道职业技术学院铁路信号基础设备维护高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电气故障（一）表示电路故障分析判断道岔表示电路反映了道岔位置。道岔表示电路含有电源的两个不同极性，平时可以通过测量X1与X2(或者X1与X3)端子间的交直流特性来判断表示电路的故障和范围。下面以定位表示为例进行分析。1.表示电路正常工作时，在分线盘端子X1与X2之间可以测到电压交流60V左右，直流22V左右，X1中电流45mA左右。2.当表示电路故障时，X1与X2间无电压，可通过测量室内R1电阻有无电压来判断故障性质。（1）R1上电压105V左右，且发热（或有电流）可以判断为室外混线。（2）R1上无电压，室内电源或电路开路。（3）X4室外开路，分线盘X1与X2之间电压交流70V左右，直流38V左右。（4）X1室外开路，分线盘X1与X2之间电压交流110V左右。（5）X2室外开路，分线盘X1与X2之间电压交流105V左右，无直流。（6）室外表示接点、二极管、R2电阻开路同（5）。（7）X2与X1、X3、X4其中之一混线，X2中电流90mA左右。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment1.IndicatingcircuitfaultanalysisTheturnoutindicationcircuitreflectsthepositionoftheturnout.Theturnoutindicationcircuitcontainstwodifferentpolaritiesofpowersupply.Normally,thefaultandrangeoftheindicationcircuitcanbedeterminedbymeasuringtheAC/DCcharacteristicsbetweenX1andX2(orX1andX3)terminals.Thefollowingisananalysisofthepositioningindicationasanexample.1.Itmeansindicatesthatwhenthecircuitisoperatingnormally,thevoltagebetweenthebreakoutpanelterminalsX1andX2canbemeasuredatabout60VACand22VDC,andthecurrentinX1isabout45mA.2.Whenthecircuitfaultisindicated,thereisnovoltagebetweenX1andX2,andthenatureofthefaultcanbedeterminedbymeasuringthepresenceorabsenceofvoltageintheindoorR1resistor.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment(1)R1onthevoltageofabout105V,andheat(orcurrent)canbejudgedasoutdoormixedline.(2)NovoltageonR1,indoorpowersupplyorcircuitbroken.(3)X4outdooropencircuit,thevoltagebetweentheterminalX1andX2about70VAC,about38VDC.(4)X1outdooropencircuit,voltagebetweenX1andX2AC110Vorso.(5)X2outdooropencircuit,thevoltagebetweenX1andX2splitterAC105Vorso,noDC.(6)Outdoorindicationcontact,diodeandR2resistanceopencircuitarethesameas(5).(7)X2andX1,X3,X4ShortCircuit,X2inthecurrentofabout90mA.Sinceeachthree-phaseACswitchmachinehasasetofindicatingcircuit,itisnecessarytoconfirmwhichswitchmachine'sindicatingcircuitisfaultyfirst,andthenlookdown.Onecangotothesideoftheswitchcombinationtoseetheswitchpositionindication,andtheonewithoutindicationisthefaultyone.Ifbothruttersareindicated,thetotalrelaycircuitintheoriginalturnoutcombinationisgenerallyfaulty.Iftherelayintheoriginalswitchmachinecombinationisalsoenergized,thenitistheelectriccircuitblockoftheindicatedlampandtheindicatedlamp.高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电气故障3.表示电路正常工作时，在分线盘端子X1、X2(反位X2、X3)之间可测到约50V左右的交流电压，22V的直流电压。4.当表示电源故障，分线盘X1、X2测不到电压时，可以测量电阻R1的电压：当测不到电压时是室内电源故障或断线故障；当测到比较高交流电压时（大约100V)，为外线混线故障。在室外转辙机端断开X4，分线盘X1、X2之间电压有明显提高，可以判断是X2、X4混线，否则为X1、X2混线。5.当室外X1断线时，在分线盘端子X1、X2之间测到的是输出空载电压，大约为交流110V，无直流成分。6.当X2断线时，在分线盘X1、X2之间测到是电阻R1与DBJ串联在表示变压器II次侧后，电阻R1的分压大约为交流60V，无直流成分。7.当X4外线断线时，在分线盘X1、X2之间测到电阻R1、R2与二极管Z串联在变压器II次侧后，R2与二极管Z的分压，交流为电压65V，直流大约为35V。8.当X1、X4外线混线时，电路结构没有变化，表示电路仍能正常工作，X1、X2仍可测到57V的交流电压和22V的直流电压。9.通过集中监测电流曲线判断，在道岔动作到位后有一回流台阶，若无回流台阶，一般可判断为道岔到位后转辙机缺口未打下或密检器缺口未打下。综上，通过对分线盘X1、X2端子交直流电压的测试，可以完成对表示电路故障性质、范围的快速判断。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment3.Whenthecircuitworksnormally,theACvoltageofabout50VandtheDCvoltageof22VcanbemeasuredbetweenterminalsX1andX2(reverseX2andX3)ofthedistributionpanel.4.Whenitindicatespowerfailure,thevoltageofresistanceR1canbemeasuredwhenthevoltageofdistributionpanelsX1andX2cannotbemeasured;whenthevoltagecannotbemeasured,itisanindoorpowerfailureordisconnectionfault;WhenarelativelyhighACvoltageismeasured(about100V),itisamixedlinefaultofexternallines.WhenX4isdisconnectedattheoutdoorswitchmachineend,thevoltagebetweenX1andX2ofthesplitterpanelissignificantlyincreased,whichcanbejudgedasX2andX4mixedline,otherwiseX1andX2mixedline.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment5.WhenoutdoorX1isdisconnected,theoutputno-loadvoltagemeasuredbetweenthesplitterterminalsX1andX2isapproximately110VACwithnoDCpower.6.WhenX2isdisconnected,measuredbetweenthesplittingreelsX1,X2istheresistorR1andDBJinseriesafterindicatingthesecondarysideofthetransformerII,thevoltagedivisionoftheresistorR1isaboutAC60V,noDCpower.7.WhentheX4outerlineisdisconnected,theresistorR1,R2anddiodeZaremeasuredbetweenthesubpanelX1,X2inserieswiththediodeZafterthetransformerIIsecondaryside,R2anddiodeZvoltagedivision,ACforvoltage65V,DCisabout35V.8.WhentheexternallinesofX1andX4aremixed,thecircuitstructureremainsunchanged,indicatingthatthecircuitcanstillworknormally,andtheACvoltageof57VandtheDCvoltageof22VcanstillbemeasuredforX1andX2.9.Itcanbedeterminedthroughthecentralizedmonitoringcurrentcurvejudgmentthatthereisareturncurrentstepaftertheturnoutactioninplace,ifthereisnoreturncurrentstep,itcangenerallybejudgedastheturnoutinplaceaftertheswitchmachinegapisnotplayeddownorthesecretcheckergapisnotplayeddown.Insummary,bytestingtheACandDCvoltagesofX1andX2terminalsofthedivider,aquickjudgmentofthenatureandscopeoftheindicatedcircuitfaultcanbecompleted.高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电气故障（2）定位向反位动作不正常（需在组合架观察继电器动作情况）。当确定道岔动作不正常时（尖轨或心轨不能动作），则故障在表示电路与动作电路的公共部分，应将道岔置于定位进行查找：①测量分线盘X1与X2端子，检查有无交、直流电压：a.无交流、直流电压，说明室内组合架1DQJ到分线盘的X1断线或1DQJF11到2DQJ111之间断线；b.如交流、直流电压均有，说明电动机W绕组、U绕组及X1电缆良好。故障可能在室内X4至2DQJ113之间。c.若有交流电压且偏高但无直流，说明室外X1电缆、W绕组、U绕组、V绕组部分有问题，应到室外电缆盒及转辙机进一步查找确定。②当测量分线盘X1与X2端子间交、直流电压均有，应进一步测量分线盘X2与X4端子：a.如交、直流电压均有，说明X4电缆及转辙机11-12接点、V绕组均良好，故障在室内X；部分；b.如交、直流电压均无，说明故障在X4电缆或转辙机11-12接点或V绕组。2.故障现象：未操纵道岔，当列车通过时，尖轨定位表示中断，但列车通过后，表示自动恢复。分析判断：当列车通过时表示中断，而列车通过后又自动恢复，这类故障一般在室外。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment(2)Thepositioningandreverseactionisabnormal(observetherelayactioninthecombinationframe).Whenitisdeterminedthattheturnoutactionisabnormal(switchrailorcenterrailcannotact),thefaultisinthecommonpartoftheindicationcircuitandactioncircuit,andtheturnoutshallbepositioned:①MeasuretheX1andX2terminalsofthedistributionpanel,checkthepresenceofACandDCvoltage:a.IfthereisnoAC,DCvoltage,indicatingthattheindoorcombinationframe1DQJtotheX1disconnectionor1DQJF11to2DQJ111betweenthedisconnection.b.IfACandDCvoltageareavailable,itmeansthemotorWwinding,UwindingandX1cablearegood.ThefaultmaybebetweenindoorX4and2DQJ113.c.IfthereisACvoltageandhighbutnoDC,itmeansthatthereareproblemsinoutdoorX1cable,Wwinding,UwindingandVwindingpart,whichshouldbefurtherfoundinoutdoorcableboxandswitchmachinetodetermine.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment②WhenmeasuringtheACandDCvoltagebetweentheX1andX2terminals,theX2andX4terminalsshouldbefurthermeasured.a.IftherearebothACandDCvoltages,itmeansthatX4cableandswitchmachine11-12contactandVwindingaregoodandthefaultisinindoorX;part;b.IfneitherACnorDCvoltageispresent,itmeansthatthefaultisinX4cableorswitchmachine11-12contactorVwinding.2.Faultdescription:Iftheturnoutisnotunderoperation,andthetrainpasses,theswitchrailpositioningindicatesinterruption,butafterthetrainpasses,itindicatesautomaticrecovery.

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