广东省深圳市2025届高三年级下册 一模考试 英语试卷（含解析）

2025年深圳市高三年级第一次调研考试

英语

2025.2

试卷共8页，卷面满分120分，折算成130分计入总分。考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：

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4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Areyouinterestedinhowmarine（海洋的）ecosystemswork?Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutmarine

animals?BowlingGreenStateUniversity（BGSU）hasoneofthefewcampsintheMidwestwherehighschool

studentscanexplorelifeatsea!

CampDates:June8-13>2025

Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?

,FieldtripstolocationsaroundNorthwestOhiotoexaminemarinelifeandenvironments

•Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen（标本）collectionprocedures

,Designandrunanexperimentinourresearchlab

•Behind-the-scenetriptotheToledoZootolearnaboutmarineanimals

,Meetprofessionalstolearnwhatitmeanstobeamarinescientist

Whatdoesthecostcover?

TheBGSUMarineBiologycampwillofferbothresidentialandnon-residentialoptions.Thecostofthe

non-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcost

coversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discount

isavailableforearlyadmission.

ApplicationRequirements

•Letterofrecommendation

•Completetheonlineform

•Completeresponsestoshort-answerquestions

Note:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.

ApplicationDeadlines

,March2,2025一Tobeconsideredforearlyadmission.ApplicantswillbeinformedbyMarch14.

•April25.2025一GeneralApplicationDeadline.

Note:Allspacesmayfillafterselectionfromtheearlyadmissiondeadline.

1.Whatdoesthecampoffer?

A.Samplegatheringpractice.

B.Fieldtripstonaturemuseums.

C.Researchlabmembership.

D.Lecturesonmarineknowledge.

2Whatistheearlyadmissioncostfortheresidentialoption?

A.$400.B.$765.

C.$1,125.D.$1,250.

3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultinanapplicant'sdisqualification?

A.Forgettingtoconfirmadmission.

B.Providingresponsesgivenbyothers.

C.Missingtheearlyapplicationdeadline.

D.Failingtorecommendotherapplicants.

【答案】1A2.C3.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了鲍林格林州立大学的夏令营，高中生可以在那里探索海上生活。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?（营员们可以参力口哪些活动？）”部分中

“Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen（标本）collectionprocedures（实践标本收集程序）”可知，该夏令营提

供标本收集练习，故选A。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Whatdoesthecostcover?（费用包括什么？）”部分中uThecostofthenon-residential

programis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomand

board,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailablefor

earlyadmission.俳住宿项目的费用为850美元，住宿项目的额外费用为400美元。项目总费用包括食宿费、

实验室和活动的所有材料以及实地考察的交通费。提前加入可享受九折优惠）”可知，住宿项目总费用为

850+400=1250美元，提前加入可以享受九折优惠，即1250乂90%=1125美元，故选C。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据"ApplicationRequirements（申请要求）“部分中aNote:Answerstoquestionsprovidedby

anyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.（注：由申请人以外的人提供的问题的答案将取消

申请资格）”可知，提供别人给出的答案会导致申请人被取消资格，故选B。

B

JulesVerneiswidelyregardedasoneofthefathersofsciencefiction.His"'ExtraordinaryVoyages（航海）”

seriestransportreadersongrandadventurestothefarreachesofEarthandbeyond.ButVernedidmorethanjust

tellentertainingstories-healsopredictedover1OOmodem-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswritings.

Forexample,inthe1889shortstoryIntheYear2889,Vernepaintedapictureofahighlynetworkedworld

withglobalmultimediacommunications.Hedescribedthe“phonotelephone“whichsentsoundandimagesover

greatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywith

hiswifeonanothercontinent:

“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smith

immediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist（潮湿的）withtears.

Verne'stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethrough

fiction.Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealism

inhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthe

foundationforthe“hardsciencefiction^^ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.

Verneisoftenthoughtofasatechnologicaloptimist,achampionofscientificprogressandinnovation.Buthis

writingsalsorevealanotherperspective.Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventions

ultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine（潜艇）

toviolentlyattackships.ForVemehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodora

sourceofdestruction.

ThespiritofadventureinVerne'stimelessstorieswillliveon,continuingtoinspiregenerationstopushthe

boundariesofthepossibleandcreatetheworldoftomorrow.Thatisperhapsthegreatestachievementofthe

extraordinaryvoyagesofJulesVerne.

4.HowdoesMr.SmithcontacthiswifeinIntheYear2889?

A.Byholdinganin-persontalk.B.Bymakingalong-distancecall.

C.Bysendingaletterbackhome.D.Byhavinganinstantvideochat.

5.Whatisthe“hardsciencefiction,,basedon?

A.Theunrealisticfantasies.B.Thefictionaltechnologies.

C.Thelatestresearchfindings.D.Theimaginedfutureworlds.

6.WhatcanweinferaboutVernefromCaptainNemo'sstory?

A.Heisdisappointedwithhumannature.

B.Heisawareofthedangeroftechnology.

C.Heisinfavourofscientificdevelopment.

D.Heisdifferentfromthewritersofhistime.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJulesVerneaccordingtothetext?

A.Strong-willed.B.Fantasy-seeking.

C.Positive-minded.D.Forward-thinking.

【答案】4.D5,C6.B7,D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了科幻小说之父之一JulesVerne及其作品。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段"Hedescribedthe'phonotelephone，whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.

Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeon

anothercontinent（他描述了可以远距离传送声音和图像的‘电话机'。主人公FritzN叩oleonSmith能够通过

这种技术轻松地与他在另一个大陆的妻子交流）”和第三段中“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswife

despitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,with

herfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist（潮湿的）withtears.（Smith先生能够清楚地看到他的妻子，尽管他和她

相隔很远……Smimth夫人立即出现在长焦屏幕上，脸上带着微笑，眼里含着泪水）”可知，Smith和妻子交

流时使用可以远距离传送声音和图像的“电话机”，妻子的脸会出现在屏幕上，所以Smith是通过即时视频

聊天和妻子联系，故选D。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段中“Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,

Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensive

research.Thislaidthefoundationforthe"hardsciencefiction9ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.（与同时代的其他作

家写更多的幻想或超自然的故事不同，Verne在他的未来愿景中追求现实主义，总是基于前沿科学和他自己

的广泛研究。这为20世纪及以后的‘硬科幻小说'奠定了基础）”可知，“硬科幻小说”以最新的研究结果

为基础，故选C。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventions

ultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine（潜艇）

toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodora

sourceofdestruction4他的许多故事都描写了一位才华横溢但疯狂的科学家，他的发明最终带来的坏处大于

好处。在《海底两万里》中，尼莫船长使用他的潜艇猛烈攻击船只。Verne认为，人类的本性决定了技术是

善的力量还是毁灭的源泉）”可知，Verne描写尼莫船长使用他的潜艇猛烈攻击船只，这是描写科技带来的

坏处，推知他意识到了科技的危险，故选B。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中“healsopredictedoverlOOmodem-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswriting（他

还在他的作品中预言了100多种现代发明和技术）”和第四段中Vernettechnically-groundedadventuretales

representedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.（Veme以技术为基础的冒险故事代表了一种

通过小说想象未来的新方法）”可知，Verne的作品预言了100多种现代发明和技术，以技术为基础想象未

来世界，故他具有前瞻性思维，故选D。

C

Self-confidenceistrustinginourabilitiesorqualities.Ifsusuallyseenasagoodthing.Butisitpossiblethat

wemightbenefitfromalittlelessconfidenceinourbeliefs?

Formanyyears,Dr.MarkLeary,aneuroscientistatDukeUniversityinDurham,N.C.,hasstudiedtheroleof

people'sbeliefsintheirbehavior.Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhat

peoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossfor

anyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.Itwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionofthe

Challenger.Thegoodnewsisthatthere'sa"vaccine（疫苗）“foroverconfidence,andthafswhatscientistscall

（"intellectualhumility^^一recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.

Asurveyof144collegestudentstomeasuretheirintellectualhumilityfoundthatstudentswhosawtheir

thinkingcouldbewrongtendedtobemorecuriousandmorelikelytoseekoutnewknowledge.Theyendedup

knowingmoreattheendoftheday.Butdoesitactuallyhelpyoubeyondthat?

Tofindoutmore,Dr.TenellePorteratBallStateUniversityconductedaseriesofstudieswithhighschool

students.Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhether

theyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,

they'dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.

Studentswhodidn'tseetheirknowledgecouldbewrongmightinsteadjustsailthroughtheirstudyingand

wouldn'tstoptoaskthemselvesiftheytrulyunderstoodwhattheyread,heard,ordid.Suchstudentsthoughtthey

gotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn'tactuallyunderstandasmuch

astheyhadthought.

Althoughitmightbegoodforyou,researchersrecognizethatquestioningyourbeliefscanbetrulyhard.Still,

ifsimportanttorememberthatquestioningbeliefsisn'talwaysaboutreplacingoldoneswithnewones.Ifyoufind

ithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”

8.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexplosionoftheChallenger?

A.Toexpresshissorrowfortheloss.

B.Tostressthehighriskofspaceflights.

C.Toshowtheresultofwrongoperation.

D.Togiveanexampleofoverconfidence.

9.WhatdoweknowaboutintellectualhumilityaccordingtoPorter'sresearch?

A.Iturgedstudentstogainrecognition.

B.Itencouragedstudentstotakeexams.

C.Ithelpedstudentstoadjustlearningmethods.

D.Itmotivatedstudentstomemorizeknowledge.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"gotasubjectdownpat“meaninparagraph5?

A.Fullymasteredasubject.B.Putgreateffortintoasubject

C.Reallyenjoyedasubject.D.Benefitedalotfromasubject.

11.Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?

A.Whyquestioningourbeliefishard.

B.Whyintellectualhumilityishelpful.

C.Howtobecomeaconfidentperson.

D.Howtopracticeintellectualhumility.

【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家的研究，通过具体研究案例，来说明智力谦逊如何帮助

人们更好地学习和调整学习策略。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段第二至第四句"Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomesto

whatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskofloss

foranyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.Itwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionof

theChallenger.（他发现过度自信非常普遍，尤其是在人们认为某件事情正确时，这种过度自信可能会导致灾

难性的决策。1986年，NASA认为每次太空飞行发生损失的风险大约是1/100,000。这种过度自信的信念可

能引发了“挑战者号”的爆炸）”可知，作者先介绍了科学家发现过度自信可能导致严重后果，之后提及

1986年这起灾难。由此推知，提及“挑战者号”爆炸是说明过度自信会导致灾难的一个例子。故选D项。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句"Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelyto

testthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheir

understanding.Whentheygottestscores,they'dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceand

masterthematerialforthenexttest.（她发现，智力谦逊的学生更有可能去检验自己是否真正理解了学习材料，

并寻找自己理解上的漏洞。当他们看到考试成绩时，他们会调整学习策略，以提高学习表现，并掌握好材

料为下一次考试做准备）”可知，智力谦逊这种特质会使学生及时反思自己的学习，相应调整学习方法。故

选C项。

【10题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第五段第二句"Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainit

onatest,theyfoundtheydidn'tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.（这些学生以为自己对某个科目

gotdownpat,但在考试中被要求解释时，他们发现自己的理解并没有自己想象的那么多）”可知，学生们在

考试之前应是对自己比较自信，认为自己对该相关知识十分了解，或已经全会了，但到考场答题时，才发

现自己会的不如原本所认为的那么多。由此可知，gotasubjectdownpat应是“对某科目了解很多”或“对

某科目完全掌握”之意。故选A项。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句"Thegoodnewsisthatthere'sa"vaccine（疫苗）"foroverconfidence,and

that,swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility^^一recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.（好消息是，过度

自信有一种“疫苗”，科学家称之为“智力谦逊”一即认识到你的信念可能是错误的）”及全文最后一句

"Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking"babysteps.”（如果你觉得很难质疑一种信念，可以尝试迈出

"一小步"）”可知，最后一句中所说的"questionabelief”即前文所说的“recognizingthatyourbeliefscould

bewrong"，也就是第二段最后一句引号中所言的“智力谦逊”。全文最后一句又说，“可以尝试迈出'一

小步’”。由此推知，所谓的“一小步”究竟该怎么做，会在下文进行介绍，即如何练习做到“智力谦虚”。

故选D项。

D

Theabilitytodetectanearbypresencewithoutseeingortouchingitmaysoundfantastical——butifsareal

abilitythatsomecreatureshave.AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhave

specialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit'shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedan

artificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.

“Wedevelopedanewstrategyfor3Dmotionpositioningbyelectronicskin,bio-inspiredby'electricfish',“

saysDr.XingeYu,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringattheCityUniversityof

HongKong.Theteamdescribedtheire-skinsensorinapaperpublishedonNovember14inNature.

Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter（发身寸器），whichwillgenerateanelectric

fieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.A

separatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,the

electricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted（扰舌L）,whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthen

processedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationto

asmartphoneorotherdevices.

Aspecialbiogel（生物凝胶）isusedinthesensor,whichhastheabilitytotransmitandreceiveelectricsignals

fromapatternofmicrochannelsonthesurface.Theendresultisasensorthatisthin,softandflexible,makingit

cosytoadapttoirregularsurfaces,suchasthehumanbody.Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsa

largenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspace

usingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,and

processing.

Theresearchershopethatthissensorcouldonedayopenupanewrangeofwearabletechnologies,including

sensorsforhuman-machineinteractionandthin,flexiblee-skin.

12.Thefirstparagraphaimstoshow.

A.thespecialabilityofAfricanfish

B.theinspirationforanewinvention

C.thebigchallengeoflocatingobjects

D.thereasonfordevelopingasensor

13.Whatisthecorrectorderofthesystem'sworkingprocedures?

a.Thetransmittercreatesanelectricfield.

b.Aunitcomputesthepositionofthetarget,

c.Thecontrollersendstheactivatingsignal.

d.Thereceiverdetectsthechangeofelectricsignals.

e.Theelectricfieldisdisruptedbyanapproachingobject.

A.c-a-e-d-b.B.c-a-d-e-b.

C.a-c-e-d-b.D.a-e-c-d-b.

14.Whatisanadvantageofthenewsensorsystem?

A.Itssensitivitytodifferentstimulations.

B.Itsadaptationtoenvironmentalchanges.

C.Itsefficiencyinachieving3Dpositioning.

D.Itsspeedindatacollectionandprocessing.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.MachineDetective"Wears"FlexibleE-skin

B.Bio-inspiredSensor4<Feels^^WithoutTouching

C.E-SkinSensor:TheFutureofMachineLearning

D.ElectricFields:TheFrontierofObjectDetection

【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种仿生传感器，灵感来自一种鱼类，无需触摸即可感知物体的位

置。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecial

organsthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit'shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificial

sensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.（一种被称为电鱼的非洲鱼类是弱电性的，有特殊的器官可

以定位附近的目标，即使它躲在泥里。科学家们现在已经开发出一种以这些鱼的能力为模型的人工传感器

系统）”可知，第一段主要介绍了一种鱼类，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目标，受此启发，科学家们开发

出一种以这些鱼的能力为模型的人工传感器系统，由此可知，第一段旨在介绍一个新发明的灵感。故选B

项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter（发射器）,

whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirection

andthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenan

objectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted（扰舌L）,whichinturncanbedetectedby

thereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobject

andsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.（人工传感器是多层的。一层充当发射器，一旦激活

就会产生电场，另一层充当接收器，检测物体的方向和距离。一个单独的控制器产生驱动信号来激活发射

器。当物体进入范围内时，传感器周围的电场会被扰乱，这反过来又可以被接收器检测到。然后，微控制

器单元处理这些数据，计算目标物体的位置，并将该信息发送到智能手机或其他设备）”可知，工作过程是

控制器发送激活信号，发射器产生电场，电场被接近的物体扰乱，接收器检测电信号的变化，一个微控制

器单元计算目标的位置，结合选项可知，系统工作程序的正确顺序是“c-a-e-d-b”。故选A项。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensors

toachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.

Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.（与需要大量传

感器来实现空间定位的传统传感器系统相比，新系统可以使用几个传感器在3D空间中精确定位物体。这大

大降低了数据收集、传输和处理的功耗）”可知，新传感器系统在实现3D定位方面的效率更高，大大降低

了数据收集、传输和处理的功耗，由此可知，新传感器系统的优点是它在实现3D定位方面的效率更高。故

选C项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“AfamilyofAfHcanfishknownasMonnyridsareweaklyelectric,and

havespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenifshidinginthemud.Scientistshavenow

developedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.（一种被称为电鱼的非洲鱼类是弱电性

的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目标，即使它躲在泥里。科学家们现在已经开发出一种以这些鱼的能力

为模型的人工传感器系统）”可知，文章主要介绍了受生物启发开发的一种新型传感器，该传感器能够通过

电场感知物体而无需接触，具备灵活、高效的特点。B选项"Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels"WithoutTouching（受

生物启发的传感器“无需接触即可感知"）”准确概括了文章的核心内容。故选B项。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

Greenroofshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears,longbeforemodemhousingwasdeveloped.Fromthe

simplegrass-coveredroofsabovecavestothefamousHangingGardensofBabylon,theyremainedanimportant

partofarchitecture.16Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefitsandoffersolutionstosomepressing

ecologicalchallengesofourtime.

Inthedesignofagreenroof^therearekeyfactorsthatcount.Thefirststepistoinstall（安装）aprotective

layerovertherooftopreventwaterdamage.17Ifsessentialtochoosehigh-qualitymaterials,asoncethe

greenroofiscompletedandthebuildingisinuse,replacingtheprotectivelayerbecomesdifficultandexpensive.

Next,adrainage（排水）layer,whichisoftenmadeofpebblesoraspecialmat,isplacedontop.Ithelpswater

flowofftheroofinsteadofpoolingonit.Then,agrowingmedium,likesoilorothersimilarmaterials,isspread

overthedrainagelayer.]8

Nowit'stimetochooseplantsfortheroof.Someplantshaveshallowrootsystemsanddon'tneedmuchwater.

]9Sedumandchivesaregoodexamplesofsuchplants.Theyarenotonlywater-efficientbuttoughand

long-lasting.

20It'simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.Onaverage,itcosts$25to$30persquarefootto

installagreenroof.Thisdoesn'tincludethecostofinstallingorrepairingthenormalroofunderneath.Andthereis

labourcosttocover.Ifatraditionalroofcosts$30persquarefoot,installingagreenroofcouldeasilydoublethat

expense.

A.Thisiswheretheplantswillgrow.

B.However,greenroofscomeatahighcost.

C.Today,greenroofsaregainingmoreattention.

D.Thesefeaturesmakethemidealforgreenroofs.

E.Asaresult,theyledtothepopularityofgreenroofs.

F.Greenroofmaterialscanrangefromgrasstosolarpanels.

G.Thelayeralsostopsplantrootsgrowingintotheroofstructure.

【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.D20.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了绿色屋顶给现代生活带来的好处及它的建造过程。

【16题详解】

根据下文“Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefitsandoffersolutionstosomepressingecological

challengesofourtime.（它们带来了巨大的环境效益，并为我们这个时代一些紧迫的生态挑战提供了解决方

案。）”可知，绿色屋顶给现代生活带来的好处，C项“如今，绿色屋顶越来越受到人们的关注。”能够引

起下文，介绍人们关注绿色屋顶的原因，因为它们来了巨大的环境效益。故选C。

【17题详解】

根据上文“Thefirststepistoinstall（安装）aprotectivelayerovertherooftopreventwaterdamage.（第一步是在

屋顶上安装保护层，以防止水损坏。）”可知，上文告诉我们绿色屋顶的第一步是在屋顶上安装保护层，以

防止水损坏，G项“该层还可以阻止植物根系生长到屋顶结构中。”能够承接上文，介绍了安装保护层的

另一个原因，可以阻止植物根系生长到屋顶结构中。故选G。

【18题详解】

根据上文“Then,agrowingmedium,likesoilorothersimilarmaterials,isspreadoverthedrainagelayer.（然后，

将土壤或其他类似材料等生长介质铺在排水层上。）”可知，上文告诉我们要在排水层上铺生长介质，A项

“这是植物生长的地方。”能够承接上文，土壤或其他类似材料等生长介质是植物生长的地方。故选A。

【19题详解】

根据上文“Nowifstimetochooseplantsfortheroof.Someplantshaveshallowrootsystemsanddon'tneed

muchwater.（现在是时候为屋顶选择植物了。有些植物根系较浅，不需要太多的水。）”可知，上文告诉我们

为屋顶选择植物时，可以选择根系较浅，不需要太多的水的植物，D项“这些特性使其成为绿色屋顶的理

想选择。”能够承接上文，说明根系较浅，不需要太多的水的植物是绿色屋顶的理想选择。故选D。

[20题详解】

根据下文"t'simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.Onaverage,itcosts$25to$30persquarefoottoinstalla

greenroof.（考虑一下你的预算很重要。平均而言，安装绿色屋顶的成本为每平方英尺25至30美元。）”可

知，安装绿色屋顶价格不菲，B项“然而，绿色屋顶的成本很高。”能够引起下文，下文具体介绍了绿色

屋顶的高成本。故选B。

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Ionceworkedintheremotebutbeautifulcountryside.Allfarmworkcan,inmyexperience,21a

persontodevelopaSpartan（斯巴达的）spirit.

Fromtheageofeight,Ihadtocontributemyshareof22alongwithmyparentsandtwoelder

brothers.Onthehottestsummerdayswhentheair23flowed,Ikneltinapaddyfield（稻田）withmy

kneesdeepinmud.Thebugsandwormsinthewater24intomyskin,andthesunburneduponmy

25.back.Sweatstreameddown;ifadropranintotheeyes,itwould26tears.SoIalwayskept

myfaceaslowaspossible.

Itoldmyself,"Be?7!”Ifmyparentsandbrotherscouldgoontakingit,socouldI.28I

pulledmyselftogetheranddraggedmyselfforward.Ilearnednottobeafraidofdifficultiesandthemeaningof

“youreap（收获）whatyou29

“Judgeamannotbyhisface,butbyhis30Jmymotherusedtosay.Thelandis31as

longasyouarewillingtoworkonit.Whenthewindblewandthericeplantsmovedlike32inthesea,

breathtakinglybeautiful,adeepsenseofsatisfaction33inme.

AlthoughlaterIwentintoacademicresearch,Ishallalwaysrememberwhatworkinginthepaddyfields

taughtme:34yourfeetfirmlyontheground,nevergiveupandyouwillbe35

21.A.remindB.warnC.attractD.train

22.A.wealthB.luckC.labourD.wisdom

23.A.gentlyB.hardlyC.loudlyD.usually

24.A.climbedB.bitC.cutD.fell

25.A.archedB.broadC.strongD.straightened

26.A.holdB.produceC.dropD.replace

27.A.quickB.proudC.quietD.patient

28.A.SlowlyB.SlightlyC.SafelyD.Sadly

29.A.pickB.findC.sowD.wish

30.A.fieldsB.