惠州中学2024-2025高二年级下学期期中考试英语科试卷

惠州中学2023级高二年级下学期期中考试英语科试卷卷面满分120分,考试用时120分钟第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2022BestNationalUniversityRankingsTheUSNewsBestCollegeRankingscanhelpprospectivestudentsandtheirfamiliescompareinstitutionsastheylookforthebestfit.Hereisabreakdownofwhatgoesintotheannualrankings.PrincetonUniversityTheivy-coveredcampusofPrincetonUniversity,aprivateinstitution,islocatedinthequiettownofPrinceton,NewJersey.Princetonwasthefirstuniversitytooffera“noloan(贷款)”policytofinanciallyneedystudents,givingfinancialaidinsteadofloanstoacceptedstudentswhoneedhelppayingtuition.ColumbiaUniversityColumbiaUniversityhasthreeundergraduateschools:ColumbiaCollege,TheFuFoundationSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences(SEAS),andtheSchoolofGeneralStudies.ThisIvy(常春藤)League,privateschoolguaranteesstudentshousingforallfouryearsoncampusinManhat-tan’sMorningsideHeightsneighborhoodinNewYorkCity.HarvardUniversityHarvardUniversityisaprivateinstitutioninCambridge,Massachusetts,justoutsideofBoston.ThisIvyLeagueschoolistheoldesthighereducationinstitutioninthecountryandhasthelargestdonationofanyschoolintheworld.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyThoughtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologymaybebestknownforitsmath,scienceandengineeringeducation,thisprivateresearchuniversityalsooffersarchitecture,humanities,managementandsocialscienceprograms.TheschoolislocatedinCambridge,Massachusetts,justacrosstheCharlesRiverfromdowntownBoston.Tofurtherexploretherankingsanddata,pleaselogintheUSNewsCollegeCompass!Thefollowingpagesincludeeachschool’sperformanceacrossrankingindicatorsandthelateststatisticsusedinthecalculations.21.Whichuniversityismostfavourabletothepoorerstudents? A.HarvardUniversity. B.ColumbiaUniversity. C.PrincetonUniversity. D.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.22.Whatdothefouruniversitieshaveincommonaccordingtothetext? A.Theyareprivateinstitutions. B.Theyguaranteestudents’accommodation. C.TheyareIvyLeagueschools. D.Theyofferfinancialaidtostudents.23.Wherecanwefindthetext? A.Inageographicalmagazine. B.Inatravelbrochure. C.Inaneducationbook. D.Onawebpage.BIfirstrealizedthatplasticwasaseriousmatterforourplanetduringmytravelinWesternAustralia.Onedayabout12yearsago,IstoppedatasupermarketalongtheCoralBaycoasttobuysomegroceries.Buttheladyatthecountertoldmethatthesupermarketdidn’tsellanyshoppingbagstopreventplasticintheoceanandhelppreservetheendangeredturtles(海龟)livinginthatarea.Afterafirstreactionofsurprise,Igatheredallpurchasesinmyarmsandleft,reflectingonwhatIhadbeentold.Theexperienceinthattripmadememoreconsciousaboutmyimpactandpushedmetoadoptvarioushabitstotravelandlivemoresustainably.Forexample,IalwayscarriedacottonbagwhenIwentshopping.MytraveltoIndonesiawasanotherlife-changingexperiencethatstrengthenedmydeterminationtoturntoazero-wastelifestyle.InIndonesia,findingsafedrinkablewaterwasalwaysachallenge,soItraveledwithmywaterbottle,managingtoavoidalmostentirelytheuseofplasticduringmytrip.However,IwasseriouslystruckbymystayontheLibaranIsland,whereasustainableandturtleconservationprojectwaslaunched10yearsago.Despitethebigeffortsbytheprojectstaffandthecommunityincleaningupthebeachesandcreativelyreusingplastic,theshorewaswasheddailywithtonsofplasticcomingfromthetides.Walkingonacarpetofplasticthatalmostpreventedmefromseeingthebeachunderneathwasquiteshocking.Facingthisglobalissueinperson,Ifeltasenseofsadnessandangerthatsoonturnedintodetermination:todoasmuchaspossibletoreduceplasticinmylife.Sometimeswemightfeelhelplessinfrontofbigproblems,butweshouldbeawarethatsmallchangescouldactuallymakeadifferencestepbystep!24.Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetext? A.Byreflectingonthepresentlife. B.Bylookingintothefutureenvironment. C.Byintroducingthepreviousachievements. D.Byrecallingthepastshoppingexperience.25.Whatdidtheauthordecidetodoafterthetripabout12yearsago? A.Cutbackontravel. B.Leadagreenlife. C.Shoplessfrequently. D.Purifydrinkingwater.26.Whatdoweknowabouttheprojectinparagraph4? A.Ithadnocleargoal. B.Itmettheislanders’needs. C.Itdidn’tworkoutverywell. D.Itaimedtopreventturtleattacks.27.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheplasticproblem? A.Itisdemanding. B.Itismanageable. C.Itiseasytosolve. D.Itisbeingoverlooked.CHumanexpertsspendyearsroastingandtastingcoffeefrommanyplacestolearnaboutthebeans.TheymightthencombineacoffeebeanfromAfricawithanotheronefromSouthAmericatocomeupwithanewblend.But,acoffeeroastingcompanyinHelsinki,Finlandishopingthatartificialintelligence,orAI,canhelpeasetheworkload.KaffaRoasteryrecentlybroughtoutits“AI-conic”blendattheHelsinkiCoffeeFestival.Theblendisamixtureoffourkindsofbeans,includingFazendaPinhalfromBrazil.ItistheresultofajointprojectbyKaffaandElev,alocalAIbusiness.SvanteHampfisthefounderofKaffaRoastery.Heandhispartnerswantedtodoanexperimenttoseewhatblendthecomputerwouldproduce.“WebasicallygavedescriptionsofallourcoffeetypesandtheirflavourstoAIandinstructedittocreateanewexcitingblend,”Hampfsaid.The“AI-conic”blendcombinedbeansfromBrazil,Colombia,EthiopiaandGuatemala.Itisdescribedas“awell-balancedblendofsweetnessandripefruit”.Hampfsaidhethoughtthecombinationwas“somewhatweird”.HewassurprisedthattheAIprogrammechosetomaketheblendoutoffourdifferentkindsofbeans.Mosthumanschooseonlytwoorthreebeans.However,afterthefirstblindtestofthenewblend,Kaffa’scoffeeexpertsagreedthattheAI-assistedblendwasperfect.Therewasnoneedtochange.Elev’sAnttiMerilehtosaid“AI-conic”isanexampleof“howAIcanintroducenewviewpointtoexperiencedprofessionals”.TheInternationalCoffeeOrganizationsaysthatthe5.6millionpeopleinFinlanddrinkthemostcoffeeperpersonintheworld.AndtheroastersatKaffasaidtheyhopetheAIprojectwillhelptobringmorethingstothestrongcoffeecultureinthecountry.Hampfcalledita“firststep”,adding,“IthinkAIhasplentytoofferusinthelongrun.Weareparticularlyimpressedofthecoffeetastedescriptionsitcreated.”28.WhatisthefunctionofParagraph1? A.Topointoutaproblem. B.Topresentafinding. C.Tointroducethetopic. D.Tocallforaction.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“AI-conic”blend? A.Itisnowinmassproduction. B.Itcomesinavarietyoffruitflavours. C.Itissweeterthanothercoffee. D.Itintegratesbeansfromfourcountries.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“weird”inParagraph4probablymean? A.Strange. B.Great. C.Ordinary. D.Strong.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext? A.AIRobotsHelpMakePerfectCoffee B.ANewCoffeeBlendWinsPeople’sLove C.AITriesHandatBlendingCoffeeinFinland D.AIProjectsAreWidelyUsedinDifferentFieldsDClimatemodelscangiveusapreviewofhowhumanity’sactions—orinaction—willchangeourplanetoverthecomingdecadesandcenturies.Butbecausetheplanetissuchacomplexsystem,theyaren’tperfect;climatemodelshaveuncertaintiesthatgrowlargerastheygofartherintothefuture.Scientistsandengineersfromacrossthecountryareteaminguptobuildanewtypeofclimatemodelthatisdesignedtoprovidemorepreciseandactionablepredictions.Currentclimatemodelingreliesondividinguptheglobeintoagrid(格子)andthencomputingwhatisgoingonineachsectorofthegrid,aswellasshowthesectorsinteractwitheachother.Limitationsinavailablecomputerprocessingpowermeanthatthosesectorsgenerallycannotbeanysmallerthantensofkilometersperside.Butforclimatemodeling,thedevilisinthedetails—detailsthatgetmissedinatoo-largegrid.“Forcitiesplanningtheirstormwatermanagementfacilitiestoresistthenext100years’worthoffloods,thisisaseriousissue.Concreteanswersaboutthelikelyrangeofclimateoutcomesarekeyforplanning.”saysTapioSchneider,seniorresearchscientistatCliMA.Weighingrecentadvancesinthecomputationalanddatasciences,theteamplanstostepinandeachofthepartnersbringsadifferentstrengthandresearchexpertisetotheproject.“Ourgoalisanewmodelthatprojectsfuturechangesincriticalvariablessuchascloudcover,seaiceextent,andrainfallmoreaccurately—withuncertaintiesatleasthalfthesizeofthoseinexistingmodels.”saidDr.Andrew,theteamleader.OnedoubterabouttheapplicationofclimatemodelsisRaffaeleFerrari,aCecilandIdaGreenProfessorofOceanographyatMIT.“Usingamodel,webecomepuppeteers,mastersofagiantsystemthatis,intruth,beyondhumancontrol.Wecancoolorheattheplanetatwill,addsaltoriceorrainordustinanyamountwewant,”Dr.Ferrarisays.“Wehavenobackupplanet.Howclimatemodelsareusedremainstobeseen.”32.Whyareclimatemodelsbuilt? A.Tocollectscientificdata. B.Tomonitorhumanactions. C.Todeliverusefulforecasts. D.Tomaintainsocialsystems.33.Whatistheproblemofcurrentclimatemodeling? A.Shortageoffacilities. B.Relianceoncomputers. C.Limitationinsimplifyingdetails. D.Inabilitytogetsmallergrids.34.Whatdoestheteamaimtodo? A.Investigateseriousissues. B.Guaranteethesafetyofthecity. C.Improvetheaccuracyofthemodels. D.Changethefutureclimate.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph? A.Climatemodelsenjoysgreatpopularity. B.Scientistshavecreatedanewclimatemodel. C.Doubtsaboutclimatemodelsaredisappearing. D.Cautionisadvisedintheuseofclimatemodels.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Glitter(闪光纸屑)iswidelyusedtodecorateclothing,arts,andsoon.Duringfestivalsandcelebrations,itbringsjoyandexcitement,creatingadazzlingatmospherethatunitespeopleinthecelebration.36Itisnecessarytoknowwhy.37Theglitteryouusedforyourdecorationsadecadeagoprobablystillexistsnow.Anditmakesproductsthatyoumaynormallywishtorecycle,suchaswrappingpaper,nolongerrecyclable.ThisiswhytheUKgovernmenthasbannedtoputshinyorglitteryChristmascardsorwrappingpaperinrecyclingbags.Besides,duetoitssize,lotsofplasticglitterwillunavoidablymakeitswayintowater,rivers,andeventuallytheoceans.38Thishasbeenshowntosignificantlyimpactthereproductionratesofoyster(牡蛎)andmakeotheranimalslessactive,morelikelytobeeatenandlesslikelytothrive.Glitteralsocontributestotheincreasingmicroplasticsinsidehumanbodies.39Asidefromdirectlyfindingitswayintoourfoodfromglitterycardsanddecorations,it'sconsumedbyfish,shellfish,seabirdsandothermarinelife,thuspassingthroughthefoodchainandeventuallyreachingusandharmingourhealth.Whilerestrictingglitterisonlyanextremelysmallstepinaddressingthebroadermicroplasticproblem,theEuropeanUnionhastakentheleadinthis.LeadingUKretailer(零售商)suchasMorrisonsshouldbepraisedfortakingastandandgoingcompletelyglitterfree.40Butifwearetoprotectourplanet,nostepistoosmall.A.Thismeansitgetseverywhere.B.Lifeinthesewaterbodiesoftenmistakesitforfood.C.ButitisnowofficiallybannedintheEuropeanUnion.D.Thematerialsusedtomakeglitterareknowntoharmhumanhealth.E.Growingresearchsuggestsglitterendsupbackonourdinnertables.F.Banningglitterobviouslywon'tcompletelysavetheclimateoranimals.G.Theproblemwithglittersisthatitisamicroplasticthatdoesn'tbreakdownnaturally.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwasgoingthroughacuteanxiety,whichcausedmybodytorespondinafrighteningway.Ifearedsomethingwaswrongwithmyheart,soIturnedto41forhelp.Witha29-year-oldpatientattheoffice,thecardiologist(心脏病科专家)seemed42asIwasprobablynothisusualtypeofpatient.Hefranklytoldme,“Ican'ttellyouwhatthelittlethingyoufeelinyourchestis.”He43myconcerns,offerednosympathy,andsentmehome.Ifelt44thatI'dwastedhisvaluabletimeandIwasmoreanxiousthanI'dbeenbefore.Withtearsinmyeyes,ItoldtheseconddoctorthatIfelt“messedup”.Thedoctorlistened45,pulledhischairupbesidemeandgently46me.Hesaid,“We'regoingtodoeverythingwecantocheckyouandmakesurenothingis47,andIthinkwhatyou'remostprobablyexperiencingisanxiety.”Hespoketomecompassionately,andwithfull48ofmyconcerns.Thewayhecommunicatedwithmenever49metofeelguiltyorfoolish.Hecaredforme,listenedtome,andunderstoodme.Mostimportantly,Ifelthehadmybest50inmindandhewas51helpingmesortoutwhatwasbotheringme.Afterthat,Ifeltlikemostofmysymptomsanddiscomfort52.Yearslater,Irecognizedthe53ofDoctor2’ssympatheticresponseandDoctor1’sinaction.AndIthinkourmedical54shouldgobeyondthepurephysical,andsometimesweshould55thepsychologicalone,too.41.A.colleagues B.relatives C.friends D.professionals42.A.embarrassed B.confused C.worried D.disappointed43.A.figuredout B.gotacross C.brushedaside D.putforward44.A.dissatisfied B.ashamed C.astonished D.annoyed45.A.selectively B.automatically C.desperately D.attentively46.A.comforted B.judged C.observed D.amused47.A.approaching B.blaming C.waiting D.happening48.A.imagination B.description C.comprehension D.expectation49.A.required B.caused C.reminded D.prepared50.A.interests B.lessons C.beliefs D.suggestions51.A.addictedto B.accustomedto C.gratefulfor D.committedto52.A.disappeared B.worsened C.developed D.counted53.A.relationship B.profit C.impact D.attempt54.A.treatment B.choice C.skill D.supply55.A.adapt B.value C.share D.benefit第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。InJuly,2024,studentsfromSouthwestUniversitytraveledtoZhishengTown,Chongqing,usingAItechnology56(restore)oldphotosforlocalvillagers.Villagersbroughtindamagedphotosoffamilymembers,specialevents,andotherpreciousmoments.Thesephotographs,damagedbytime,57(process)bytheAlmodelcarefully.“Somevillagers’eyeswerefilledwithtearswhenseeingtherepairedphotos.That's58webelievetechnologyisnotjustatool.Itconnectsustoourpastandenrichesourpresent,”saidShengYang,astudent59(major)inIntelligentScienceandTechnology.TheteamusedtheStableDiffusionopen-sourceengine,customizingittoimprovephotocolorsharpness,andresolution.WhenAlalonewasinsufficient,further60(adjust)wasmadeusingtraditionaltoolslikePhotoshop.WhiletheAlmodel61(prove)effectiveinreconstructingfacessofar,itstillfacesmanychallenges.“Theproblemsreflect62limitationsinalgorithms(算法)andweneedmoreadvancedtechniques,”Shengnoted.Theprojectnotonlyshowedthepositiveroleoftechnologyinenhancingcommunitybondsbuthelpedkeepthosebonds63(root)intradition.Ontheonehand,theyoungergenerationgavebacktooldervillagersbypreservingtheircherishedmemories.Ontheotherhand,itshowedtheprofoundimpactthatmoderntechnologyhave64safeguardingpersonalhistoriesandculture,especiallyina65(rapid)changingworldwheretraditionscaneasilyfade.写作(共两节,满分40分)(满分15分)假定你是李华，在学校英语论坛上看到一则求助帖:Ilovedrawing,butmyfriendissomuchbetteratitthanIam.Wheneverwedrawtogether,Iendupfeelingdiscouragedandupset.Pleasehelp!Anyadvicewouldmeanalottome.Thanks!请写一则回帖，提出你的建议。注意:(1)写作词数应为80左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Anybodyhaveabandage(绷带)?”avoiceechoeddownthedorm(宿舍)hallway.Thatwasacommonscenefrequentlyhappeninginourfirstweek