阅读理解之环境保护-2025年中考英语一轮复习专练

阅读理解“环境保护专题练

2025年中考英语一轮复习备考

①Theworld'shighestskiplace,Chacaltaya,wasclosedafterthe18,000-year-oldglaciermelted（冰

川融化）in2009.Manyscientistsagreethattheglaciersaroundtheworldcoulddisappearinthiscentury,

muchfasterthanwethought.

（2）Asweallknow,thereasonforthisisglobal（全球的）warming.Whencertaingassuchascarbon

dioxide（CO2）islargelyemitted（排放）intotheatmosphere,itcausesthegreenhouseeffect（效应）which

makesEarthwarmer.

（3）AsEarthbecomeswarmer,glaciersmeltquickly,anddarkrocksareuncovered.Thentheserocks

takeinmoreheat,causingthetemperaturetorise.Asaresult,theremainingsnowonglaciersmeltsfaster.

@Theeffectsofglobalwarmingwillbefar-reachingandoftendevastating（毁灭性的）.Whilethe

meltingofglaciersmayflood（淹没）someareasofEarth,inotherplaces,itismakingwaterdisappear.An

increasingnumberofheatwavesanddroughts（干旱）worldwidewillalsochangethefaceoftheworldin

thefuture.

©Globalwarmingisarealproblem,andonelargelycausedbyhumanactivity.Solvingtheproblem

isnoteasy,andthereisnosinglemagicway.However,wecanbeginitbyloweringtheamountofCO2in

ourdailylives.

⑥PeterMiller,alongwithhiswife,tookpartinascientifictesttoseehowmuchCO2theycouldcut

downinamonth.Theaverage（平均）U.S.householdproducesabout80kilosofCO2,whichwasmore

thantwicetheEuropeanaverageandalmostfivetimestheglobalaverage.Theirfinalgoalwastomakeless

CO2thanmostAmericanfamilies.

©First,theyfoundouthowmuchCO2theywereproducing.Thentheyaskedanexpertforadviceon

howtoreduceCO2emissions.Accordingtotheexpert'sadvice,theymadesomechangestotheirhouse,

replacedtheirlights,andchangedsomeoftheirlivinghabits.Atthesametime,theyeitherbiked,walked,or

usedpublictransportation.Amonthlater,theysaved70%onelectricity,40%ongas,anddrovehalfasmuch

asothers.TheirdailyCO2emissionswerelessthantheU.S.average,at32kilos.

©Protectingourplanetstartssmall:changealight,openawindow,walkorbike.Withalittleeffort,

andnotmuchmoney,mostofuscanmakeadifference.

1.Whywastheskiplace,Chacaltaya,closedin2009?

A.Becausetheskiplacewastooold.B.Becausefewtouristscametothisplace.

C.Becausetheskiplacewastoohightoreach.D.Becausethe18,000-year-oldglaciermelted.

2.HowdoesthewritershowthatPetersucceededinthescientifictest?

A.Bylistingnumbers.B.Byaskingquestions.

C.Bygivingexplanations.D.Bygivingsuggestions.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanmatchtheinformationinthepassage?

HOOMTKMCO,EmiMion*((month)

4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthispassage?

After10yearsofdifficulttalks,nearly200countriesagreedtoanewUnitedNations(UN)agreement

toprotecttheworld'soceans.Theagreementhasbeenthefirstofitskindin40years.Itplanstoprotect30%

oftheopenoceansby2030.

Oceanscoverabout71%oftheEarth'ssurfaceandarehometohundredsofthousandsofdifferent

kindsofanimalsandplants.Healthyoceansareaveryimportantpartofahealthyplanet.Buttheoceansare

introuble.Overfishing(捕捞过度)hashadaterribleeffectonmanykindsoffishandotheranimals.

Pollutionfromshipsandotherplaceshascausedseriousproblems.In1982,anagreementdescribedthe

“highseas(公海butitdidnotprotectthem.Intheseareas,allcountrieshavetherighttofish,sendships,

anddoresearch.Thehighseascoverabouttwo-thirdsoftheocean.Butnowpeopleonlyprotect1.2%ofthe

areas.

LastDecember,over110countriesagreedtoprotect30%oftheirlandandoceanareasby2030.

Withoutaninternationalagreement,therewasnowaytomakethisgoalmeaningfulforthewholeocean.

Thenewagreementnowmakesthisfeasible.

Thenewagreementtriestoturn30%ofthehighseasintoprotectedareasby2030.Italsosaysthat

activitiesplannedforthehighseasmustfirstbeexaminedtoseewhatkindofinfluencestheymighthaveon

theoceanenvironment.Businessesinsomecountrieshopetomakealotofmoneybygettingvaluablethings

fromthebottomofthesea.Otherbusinesseshopetofindplantsoranimalsintheoceanthatcouldleadto

newdiscoveriesandnewmedicines.

Manyofthedisagreementswereabouthowvaluablethingswouldbesharedbetweenrichcountries

andpoorones.Poorcountrieswantedtomakesurethatthevaluablethingswouldhelpeveryone,notjust

peopleinrichcountries.

5.Howmanycountriesagreedtoanewagreementtoprotecttheworld'soceans?

A.Nearly20countries.B.Veryfewcountries.

C.Mostcountriesintheworld.D.Justafewcountries.

6.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlyshowus?

A.Theproblemsoceansface.B.Somewaystoprotectoceans.

C.Differentkindsofoceancreatures.D.People'sdifferentideasaboutoceans.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword唯asible“inParagraph3mean?

A.Awful.B.Painful.C.Possible.D.Dangerous.

8.What'sthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Theimportanceofhealthyoceans.B.Overfishingandpollutionintheoceans.

C.Anewagreementtoprotecttheopenoceans.D.Disagreementsbetweenrichandpoorcountries.

①Moreresearchersareturningtoartificialintelligence(AI)tomonitortheenivironmentandsupport

endangeredcreatures.Unliketraditionalmethodsthatcandamagetheenvironmentorrequireconsiderable

(相当多的)timeandphysicalwork,AIhastheabilitytoquicklyandeffectivelydealwithlargequantitiesof

data(数据).Lefslearnmoredetailstogether.

©Creaturesaredisappearingataspeedthousandsoftimesfasterthanthatmillionsofyearsago,with

onemillioncreaturesendangered.TheUnitedNationssetagoalin2020tosafeguardatleast30%ofEarth's

landandoceansbytheendof2030.“AIisimperfectbutcouldmakeimportantdiscoveriesfasterandearlier.”

saysNicolasMialhe,founderofTheFutureSociety,anorganizationthataimstobettermanageAl."We

needskilledhumanstodesignAImodelsandcheckandcollectdata.”

③AtypeofAImodelcalledaconvolutionalneuralnetwork(CNN)hasbeendevelopedtorecognize

birdsounds.TheCNNisabletopickout75kindsofthebirdstheresearchershave.4tOurresultsprovethat

AIisreadyforrecognizingcreaturesinthewildfromsound.^^saysMailer,theteamleader."Allthatis

needednowismoretrainingdatacollectedbyhumans.9,

©Besidesmonitoringcreaturesinrealtime,AIcanbeusedtomodeltheimpactsofhumanactivities

ontheenvironmentandrebuildhistoricalchanges.ResearchershaveusedAItodiscoverhowacentury's

environmentaldamageinariverhasledtocreatureloss.

©Althoughitiswell-knownthathumanactivitieshaveresultedincreaturelossinriversandlakes,

littleisknownaboutwhichactivitieshavethelargestimpact."AIwilldosoon,^^saysLuisaOrsini,a

researcherfromtheUniversityofBirmingham.

9.WhatcanweinferfromthewordsNicolasMiailhe'sandMailer9ssaid?

A.AImodelscanbedesignedbyeveryone.B.AImodelshavealreadlydevelopedperfectly.

C.Al'sabilityneedsCNNtodiscoverandachieve.D.Al'sabilityismuchgreaterthanwhatpeople

imagine.

10.Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“impacts“inParagraph4istheclosestto.

A.effectsB.chancesC.secretsD.purposes

11.Whatisthestructureofthearticle?

A.①②③/④⑤B.①②/③④⑤C.①②/③④/⑤D.①/②③④⑤

12.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothearticle?

A.Alisonlyusedinmonitoringtheenvironmentandsupportendangeredcreatures.

B.Researchershavealreadypreventedacentury'senvironmentaldamageinariver.

C.Creaturesaredisappearingfasterthanbeforewithonemillioncreaturesendangered.

D.Alhasspentmoretimedealingwithlargequantitiesofdatathantraditionalmethods.

Humanactivityischangingthesurfaceandtemperatureofourplanet.Butnewresearchshowsitis

alsochangingthesoundofoceansandseas.Scientistssaythesechangesmayhaveaneffectonmanysea

animals-fromverysmallfishtohugewhales.

Soundtravelsveryfarunderwater.Forfish,soundisabetterwaytosensetheirenvironmentthan

light.Theyusesoundstocommunicatewitheachother.Soundsalsohelpsomeoceananimalsfindfoodand

avoidtheirhunters.Soundshelpfishandotherseaanimalssurvive.

However,increasednoisefromhumansismakingitharderfortheseanimalstoheareachother.The

noisecomesfromshippingtraffic,underwateroilandgasexplorationandothernoisyhumanactivities.

Expertssaythateffectsofnoiseonseaanimalsarenotwellunderstood.However,somestudies

suggestthatnoisemaycausehearingloss.Thestressfromhumannoisemightalsoaffecttheimmune（免疫）

system.Manyseaanimalsareshowinghigherlevelsofstressbecauseofnoise.Also,thenumberofsea

animalshasgonedownbyabouthalfsince1970.Insomepartsoftheocean,scientistsnowrecordfewer

animalssingingandcallingthaninthepast.

Whenpeoplethinkofthreats（威胁）facingtheocean,weoftenthinkofclimatechange,plasticsand

overfishing.Butnoisepollutionisanothernecessarythingweneedtoconsider.Whenitcomestosomething

humanscandofortheocean,weneedtothinkabouthowtomakeitquieter.Soundpollutionmaybeeasier

todealwiththanotheroceanthreats.Youcanreduceorturnoffsoundatonce.

13.Soundisimportantforoceananimalsformanyreasons,except.

A.theyuseittocommunicate

B.theyuseittofindfood

C.theyuseittoseetheirenvironment

D.theyuseittoavoidhunters

14.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Swimmingintheseawillcausenoisepollution.

B.Noisedoesmoreharmtoseaanimalsthanhumansrealize.

C.Thereislittlethathumanscandotoreducenoisepollution.

D.Plasticpollutionisthebiggestthreatfacingoceansandseas.

15.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?

16.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

A.Noisehasaneffectonhugewhalesaswellassmallfish.

B.Oceananimalsmightnotheareachotherbecauseofincreasednoisefromhumans.

C.Manyseaanimalsdon'thavemuchpressureashumans.

D.Plasticsorclimatechangearemuchhardertosolvethannoisepollution.

Asweallknowthatrecyclingisawaytotakerubbishandturnitintonewproducts.Ifsgoodfor

ourenvironment.

Thereareanumberofdifferentrecyclingstepsthatallowmaterialstobeusedmorethanonce.All

kindsofmaterialscanberecycled.Someofthemostcommonthingsinusetodayincluderecyclingplastic,

glass,metalsandpaper.Thingsmadeofthesematerialsincludesodacans,plasticmilkboxes,newspapers,

computersandcardboardboxes.

Besuretorecycleeverythingyoucaninyourhouseandschool.Thereisalmosta“recycle“rubbish

canaround.Besuretodropyourusedaluminum（铝）cansandplasticbottlesthere.Athome,besuretoput

paperthingslikethenewspapers,paperboxesandhomeworkpagesintotherecyclebox.Plasticsareusually

markedwithanidentificationcode（标识码）thatshowsarecyclingsymbolandanumberfrom1to7.This

showsthatthetypeofchemicals（化学品），ormaterials,isusedinmakingtheplastic.Usedpapercanbe

recycledaroundseventimes.

Alsoweshouldsetuparecyclestationineverystreet,acrossthecityandthecountry,sothecleaners

cantransporttherubbishconveniently.Thisistheonlywayoutforhandlingrubbishwithoutcausingdanger

totheenvironmentandourhealth.

Remember:Thereareanumberofadvantagesforrecycling.Theseinclude:LandfillsRecycling

materialsmeanslessrubbishandsavesspaceinlandfills.ResourcesWhenweusematerialsagain,this

meanswecantakefewerresourcesfromtheearth.PollutionIngeneral,recyclingmaterialscanproduce

lesspollution.Helpingtokeepourenvironmentclean.So,forourselves,ourchildrenandourchildren's

children,lefstakeactionNOW!

17.Whafsthekeywordinthispassage?

A.Reused.B.Recycling.C.Rubbish.D.Materials.

18.Whatarerecycling'sadvantagesaccordingtoParagraph5?

©usingfewerresources②savingmorespace③savingmoremoney©producinglesspollution

A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②④

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“handling“inParagraph4mean?

A.Givingup.B.Dealingwith.C.Takingout.D.Lookingfor.

20.Thestructureofthispassageis.（①二paragraph）

A..、B,v

6

c.D.6

Aroundtheworld,peoplearemoreandmoreworriedabouttheenvironment.Manypeoplenow

preferproductsandcompanies（公司）thatcareabouttheearthandcauselesspollution.Thisneedforgreen

productshasledlargecompaniestochangetheirbusiness.

Before,customersusedcheapplastic（塑料）bags,andthenthrewthemaway.Butnowmost

supermarketsandstoresusuallyprovidereusableshoppingbagsforthem.Thiscauseslesswaste.Theyalso

offermorelocalproducts,becauselessenergyisneededforcarryingthemfromoneplacetoanother.

Tohelplowerairpollution,bigcarfactoriesarelookingforotherwaystocontroltheamountofoil.

Carsthatusemuchlessoilareverypopular.Manycompaniesarealsodevelopingfullyelectriccars.They

producenoairpollutionatall.Bothkindsofcarshaveanotheradvantage:Theyarecheapertorunand

peopledon'tneedtoworryaboutoilprices.

Theairlinecompaniesfaceanevengreatergreenchallenge.Airplanesusemuchmoreoilthancars.

Somanyairlinesarenowdevelopingplanesthatcanrunonsomeotherkindsofoil.Theycreateless

pollutionandcostless.Thecompaniesarealsodevelopinganewkindofplanes,andsomeofthemuseonly

solarpanels（太阳能板）tofly!

Greenbusinessesusedtobepopularwithonlyasmallgroupofpeople.Butnow,moreandmore

companieshavetoshowtheycareabouttheenvironment.Manyproductsaremarked“green“inorderto

looknice.However,peoplestillhavetobecarefulwhenchoosinggreenproducts.Ifsimportanttomake

suretheproductsareasenvironmentallyfriendlyasthebusinessmensay.

21.Whataretheadvantagesofelectriccarsaccordingtothepassage?

a.Usingcheapoil.b.Makinglittlenoise,c.Runningatlowcosts,d.Producingnoairpollution.

A.aandbB.canddC.bandcD.aandd

22.Thelastsentenceofthepassageiswrittento.

A.showthegreenproductsarehealthy

B.encouragepeopletobuygreenproducts

C.explaintheimportanceoftheenvironment

D.tellpeopletochoosegreenproductscarefully

23.Whichistherightstructureofthepassage?

(®=Paragraph1(2)=Paragraph2,...)

24.Whafsthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.GreenIsCheaperB.GreenSavestheEarth

C.GreenIsGoodBusinessD.GreenMakesLifeEasier

参考答案

1.D2.A3.B4.A

1.细节理解题。根据"Theworld'shighestskiplace,Chacaltaya,wasclosedafterthe18,000-year-old

glaciermelted(冰川融化)in2009.”可知，世界上海拔最高的滑雪场查卡尔塔亚(Chacaltaya)因为冰川于

2009年融化后关闭。故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据“Theaverage(平均)U.S.householdproducesabout80kilosofCO2,whichwasmore

thantwicetheEuropeanaverageandalmostfivetimestheglobalaverage.Theirfinalgoalwastomakeless

CO2thanmostAmericanfamilies.”可知，作者通过列数字证明彼得在科学测试中成功了。故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据“AsEarthbecomeswarmer,glaciersmeltquickly,anddarkrocksareuncovered.Then

theserockstakeinmoreheat,causingthetemperaturetorise.Asaresult,theremainingsnowonglaciers

meltsfaster.”可知，随着地球变暖，冰川迅速融化，深色岩石露出地面。然后这些岩石吸收更多的热

量，导致温度上升。结果，冰川上剩余的雪融化得更快。故选B。

4.篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段介绍查卡尔塔亚滑雪场关闭这一事实；第二、三两段介

绍原因；第四段介绍全球变暖的影响；第五段建议我们可以从减少日常生活中的二氧化碳排放量，第

六、七两段介绍彼得・米勒和他的妻子的试验，来佐证减少二氧化碳排放量是有帮助的，第八段建议

人们保护地球从小事做起。故选A。

5.C6.A7.C8.C

5.细节理解题。根据"After10yearsofdifficulttalks,nearly200countriesagreedtoanewUnitedNations

(UN)agreementtoprotecttheworld'soceans.“可知，世界大部分的国家都同意。故选C。

6.主旨大意题。根据"Buttheoceansareintrouble.Overfishing(捕捞过度)hashadaterribleeffecton

manykindsoffishandotheranimals.Pollutionfromshipsandotherplaceshascausedseriousproblems.“可

知，第二段主要展示了海洋所面临的问题。故选A。

7.词义猜测题。根据“Withoutaninternationalagreement,therewasnowaytomakethisgoalmeaningful

forthewholeocean.Thenewagreementnowmakesthisfeasible.“可知，没有一项国际协议，就没有办法

使这一目标对整个海洋有意义。新协议现在使这一点成为可能。因此划线单词的意思是“可能的”。故

选C。

8.主旨大意题。根据"After10yearsofdifficulttalks,nearly200countriesagreedtoanewUnitedNations

(UN)agreementtoprotecttheworld'soceans.”以及结合全文可知，文主要讲述了近200个国家同意了一

项关于保护世界海洋的联合国协议，它计划到2030年保护30%的海域。故选C。

9.D10.A11.D12.C

9.推理判断题。根据"WeneedskilledhumanstodesignAImodelsandcheckandcollectdata."、"Our

resultsprovethatAIisreadyforrecognizingcreaturesinthewildfromsound.''和"A11thatisneedednowis

moretrainingdatacollectedbyhumans.“可知AI已经为在野外从声音识别生物做好准备，可推测AI的

能力比人们想象的要强大，故选D。

10.词义猜测题。根据“Besidesmonitoringcreaturesinrealtime,AIcanbeusedtomodeltheimpactsof

humanactivitiesontheenvironmentandrebuildhistoricalchanges.”可知，此处意为“人类活动对环境的影

响“，所以划线词意为“影响”，故选A。

11.篇章结构题。通读全文，第一段讲述用人工智能来监测环境并拯救濒危生物；第二段至第五段具

体介绍人工智能的用途及方法，因此文章是总分结构，故选D。

12.细节理解题。根据“Creaturesaredisappearingataspeedthousandsoftimesfasterthanthatmillionsof

yearsago,withonemillioncreaturesendangered.”可知生物正以比数百万年前快数千倍的速度消失，同

时有一百万种生物濒临灭绝，故选C。

13.C14.B15.A16.C

13.细节理解题。根据"Forfish,soundisabetterwaytosensetheirenvironmentthanlight.Theyuse

soundstocommunicatewitheachother.Soundsalsohelpsomeoceananimalsfindfoodandavoidtheir

hunters."可知，声音能帮助鱼类和其他海洋动物交流，帮助他们获取食物、躲避猎人。故选C。

14.推理判断题。根据"Whenpeoplethinkofthreatsfacingtheocean,weoftenthinkofclimatechange,

plasticsandoverfishing.Butnoisepollutionisanothernecessarythingweneedtoconsider.“可知,当人们想

到海洋面临的威胁时，我们通常会想到气候变化、塑料制品和过度捕捞，但噪音污染