北京市-高考英语-阅读理解专题练习(及答案)

北京市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习（及答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1.阅读理解

CassandraFeeleyfindsithardtomanageonherhusband'sincome.Sothisyearshedid

somethingmorethanahobby.Sheplantedvegetablesinheryard.Forherfirstgarden,Ms.

Feeleyhasputin15tomatoplants,andfiverowsofavarietyofvegetables.Thefamily'soldfarm

househasbecomeachickenhouse,itsresidentsarrivingnextmonth.Lastyear,Ms.RitaGartin

keptasmallgarden.Thisyearshehasmadeitmuchlargerbecause,shesaid,"Thecostof

everythingisgoingupandIwaslookingtoloseafewpoundstoo;soit'sawin-winsituationall

around."

TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericanswho,drivenbyhigherlivingcostsanda

fallingeconomy,havetakenupvegetablegardeningforthefirsttime.Othershaveincreasedthe

sizeoftheirexistinggardens.Seedcompaniesandgardenshopssaythatnotsincethe1970shas

therebeensuchanincreaseininterestingrowingfoodathome.Nowmanygardensacrossthe

countryhavebeensoldoutforseveralmonths.InAustin,Tex,someofthegardenshaveathree-

yearwaitinglist.

GeorgeCBallJr.ownerofacompany,saidsalesofvegetableseedsandplantsareupby40%,

overlastyear,doubletheaveragegrowthoflastfiveyears.Mr.Ballarguesthatsomecfthe

reasonshavebeenbuildingforthelastfewyears.Thebigoneisstrikingriseinthecostonfood

likebreadandmilk,togetherwiththeincreasesinthepriceoffruitandvegetables.Foodprices

haveincreaseofhigheroilprice.Peoplearedrivingless,takingfewervacations,sothereismore

timetogarden.

(1)Whatdoestheword"residents"inParagraph1probaolyreferto?

A.chickensB.tomatoesC.gardensD.people

(2)Whyisvegetablegardeningbecomingincreasinglypopular?

A.MoreAmericansaredoingitforfun.B.Thepriceofoilislowerthanbefore.

C.There'sagrowingneedforfruits.D.Thecostoflivingisontherise.

(3)Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.FamilyFoodPlanningB.BankingonGardening

C.ABelt-tighteningMoveD.GardeningasaHobby

【答案】⑴A

(2)D

(3)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，越来越多的美国人在自家花园里种菜，分析出现这

一现象的原因是由于生活成本的上升和经济的下降，人们不得不自己种菜以降低生活成

本。

(1)考查词义猜测。根据第•段中的"Thefamily'soldfarmhousehasbecomeachicken

house,itsresidentsarrivingnextmonth.”可知,CassandraFeeley的旧房子成为了养鸡的地

方，下个月新的居民就要来了。这里的新居民就是指他们所养的鸡。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据笫二段中的"TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericans

who,drivenbyhigherlivingcostsandafallingeconomy,havetakenupvegetablegardeningfor

thefirsttime.”可知，菜园的出现是由于生活成本的上升以及经济的下降导致的。故选D。

（3）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了越来越多的美国人在自家花园里种菜，

分析出现这一现象的原因是由于生活成本的上升和经济的下降。文章并没有涉及家庭食物

计划和紧缩活动，更不是把园艺当成爱好。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象

类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确

答案。

2.阅读理解

Atfirst,MichaelSurrelldidn'tseetheblacksmokeorflamesshootingfromthewindowsofhis

neighbors'home.Heandhiswifehadjustparkedaroundthecornerfromtheirownhousein

Allentown,Pennsylvania,whentheygotacallfromoneofhisdaughters,"Thehousenextdooris

onfire!"Hewenttoinvestigate.That'swhenhesawtwowomenandagirlhysterical（歇斯底里

的）ontheirporch.

"Thebaby'sinthere!"oneofthewomencried.Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,

Surrell,then64,instinctivelyraninside."Thebaby"was8-year-oldTiaraRoberts,thewoman's

granddaughterandaplaymateofSurrell'sthreeyoungestkids,then8,10,and12.Theothertwo

ontheporchwereTiara'sauntandcousin.

Enteringtheburninghousewaslike"runningintoabucketofblackpaint,"Surrellsays.The

thicksmokecausedhimtostumbleblindlyaround,burnedhiseyes,andmadeitimpossibleto

breathe.Theconditionswouldhavebeenhazardousforanyone,butforSurrell,whohaschronic

obstructivepulmonarydisease（慢性阻塞性肺疾病）,theywerelife-threatening.Hewasthelast

personwhoshouldhaverunintoaburningbuilding--hehaslungdisease.Butthatdidn'tstop

him.

Afterafewminutesinthesmokefilledhouse,heretreatedoutsidetocatchhisbreath."Where

isTiara?"heaskeddesperately."Thesecondfloor."herauntshoutedback.

Surrellknewhecouldn'tholdhisbreathforlong.Soheutteredalittleprayer;"Well,Lore,this

isit.Yougottahelpme,becauseI'mnotcomingoutwithoutthatlittlegirl."Takingadeepbreath,

hewentinasecondtime.

Thedarknesswasoverwhelming.Yetbecausethehousehadasimilarlayouttohis,hefound

thestairsandmadeittothesecondfloor.Heturnedtotherightandwasmetbyintenseheat.He

wasalreadyoutofbreath.

"Babygirl,whereareyou?"Histhroatandlungsburnedasifhe'dinhaledfireinsteadofthe

smokeandsootintheair.Everyblinkstunghiseyes.Allhecouldhearwasthecracklingand

poppingofburningwood.①.Stillunabletosee,Surrellfelltohiskneesonthehotwoodfloor.

Hecrawledtowardthesound,feelingaroundforanysignofthegirl.Anominousthoughtcrossed

hismind:I'mprobablygonnadieuphere.

Finallyhetouchedsomething.Ashoe,thenanankle.HepulledTiaratowardhim.（2）Herbody

waslimpandshewasn'tbreathing.Hescoopedherintohisarmsandstood.Hefelttheheatof

theflamesonhischeeksTurning,hefoughtthroughthesmokeandranblindlyintothe

blackness.Thenextthingheknew,hewasatthefrontdoor,thenoutside.SurrellputTiaradown

ontheporch.

③.Avoicetoldhim,"Youhavetobreatheforher."HestartedCPR-thefirsttimehe'dever

doneso.Thewomenstoodbehindhim,prayingsilently.Soonasoot-filledcoughcamefrom

Tiara'sthroat.Surrellgavefivemorebreaths.Shecoughedagain.Hereyesflickered.Hegaveone

finalbreath.Sheopenedhereyesandtookabreathonherown.

(4).Theireyesmet.Surrellhuggedhertightandsaid,"Uncle'sgotyou."Soonafter,histhroat

closedoff.

Surrellwokeupinthehospitalacoupleofdayslater,havingsufferedsevereburnstohis

windpipeandtheupperportionofhislungs.Hespentoveraweekinthehospital.Tiarawas

releasedfromthehospitalafterafewdays.ThefireexacerbatedSurrell'spulmonarycondition,

andhefeelstheeffectseventwoyearslater.Asaresult,hetakesextramedicationthathelps

openhisairways."It'sasmallpricetopay,"hesays."I'ddoitagaininaheartbeat.Wouldn'tgive

itasecondthought."

(1)MichaelSurrellrantcsave"thebaby"mainlybecause.

A.hewasunUiescenecdsudlly

B.hewasdrivenbyinstinct

C.hisdaughterwasindanger

D.hisownhousewasatrisk

(2)WhyshouldSurrellbethelastpersontorunintoaburningbuilding?

A.Thefiredepartmenthadbeencalled.

B.Hewas64yearsoldatthattime.

C.Theconditionwaslife-threatening.

D.Hehadchronicpulmonarydisease.

(3)Inthecourseofrescue,Surrell.

A.hadtomoveoutforbreathbecauseofsmoke

B.waspreventedbytheoverwhelmingsmoke

C.madeittothesecondfloorwithoutanytrouble

D.couldclearlyhearthesoundmadebythebaby

(4)Whichblankcouldthesentence"Thenaweakbutdistrictvoiceemerged"bebestputin?

A①

S②

G③

"④

(5)Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat.

A.Surrellcamebacktolifeaweeklater

B.Tiarahadtostayinhospitalforweeks

C.Surrell'sdiseasebecamemoreserious

D.Tiaraneededfurtherextramedication

(6)Whatcanbeasuitabetitleforthepassage?

A.BreatheforHer

B.Struggletosurvive

C.Asmallpricetopay

D.Amanwithlungdisease

【答案】(1)B

(2)D

(3)A

(4)A

(5)C

(6)A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人不顾个人安危去邻

居家着火的房子里成功救出小女孩，因此造成他肺部疾病加重，但是他对自己所做的从不

后悔。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,Surrell,

then64,instinctivelyrannside."虽然已经给消防队打电话了，但当时64岁的萨雷尔还是本

能地跑了进去,可知Surrell跑进去救婴儿是因为本能驱使,这里instinctively本能地是

instinct的副词形式，故选B。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"butforSurrell,whohaschronicobstructivepulmonary

disease(慢性阻塞性肺疾病)，theywerelife-threatening〃但对「患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的

Surrell来说，当时的火势对■他来说是危及生命的，所以Surrell是最不应该冲进着火大楼的

人，故选Do

(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Afterafewminutesinthesmokefilledhouse,he

retreatedoutsidetocatchhisbreath.”在烟雾弥漫的房子里呆了几分钟后,他退到外面喘口

气，可知在烟雾弥漫的房子里救人，期间Surrell不得不出来喘口气，故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。第一个空前"Allhecouldhearwasthecracklingandpoppingofburning

wood."他只能听至ij燃烧木头的哪嘴啪啪声，选项A"Thenaweakbutdistinctvoiceemaged"

然后出现了一个微弱但清晰的声音，句子中的Then在时间上承接前一句，空格后一句"Still

unabletosee"还是看不见，承接选项A〃一个微弱但清晰的声音“，可以判断听到声音但还

是看不见人，故选A。

(5)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"ThefireexacerbatedSurrell'spulmonarycondition//

大火加剧了Surrell的肺部疾病，可知Surrell的病情变得更严重了，故选

(6)考查主旨大意。根据倒数第三段中的“Avoicetoldhim,'Youhavetobreatheforher/He

startedCPR...Sheopenedhereyesandtookabreathonherown.”可知，Surrell给女孩做人工

呼吸，女孩最终可以自己呼吸活过来了，人能活下来要呼吸给心肺供氧，呼吸非常重要，

用breatheforher做主题引申Surrell挽救了女孩的生命，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是•篇故事类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3.阅读理解

ItookajourneytoNewYork,USseveralmonthsago.ItwasthefirsttimeIhadbeenabroad.It

wasalsothefirsttimeIhadtakenatripbymyself.Ihadgreatenthusiasmandhighhopes,andI

wasn'tletdown.

It'shardtodescribehowIfeltwhenIarrivedattheairportinNewYork.Lookingatpeopleof

differentracesandnationalitiespassingbyandhearingdifferentlanguagesallaroundme,I

couldn'tsayanythingforalongtime.IhadneverunderstoodtheculturaldiversityoftheUSso

clearlyandcloselybefore.

Thefollowingdayswereevenmoreimpressive.Weintegrated(融入)intotheforestofconcrete

andcement(混凝土和水泥).WewavedtotheStatueofLiberty;welookeddownatthebusy

islandofManhattan;welookedatwell-knownuniversities—HarvardofancientEgypt.

Thenwevisitedsomewell-knownuniversity—Harvard,Yale,PrincetonandColumbia—each

withitsownappealingandtime-honoredhistory.Butwhatalltheseuniversitieshaveincommon

istheirpeacefulacademicatmosphereswitchyoucouldfeeleverywhere.Iwasimpressedbythe

libraries,decoratedjustlikecathedrals(教堂),andthelaboratoriesjustnexttotheclassroom.My

dreamistoreturntothoseplacesasaninternationalstudent.

Finallycameourdestinations—theModelUnitedNationsconferenceattheUniversityof

Chicago.StudentsfromvariouscountriesarrivedtoactasUnitedNationsdelegationsandshare

theiropinionsaboutglobalissues.

Asanon-nativespeaker;Ifeltthatcompetingagainstnativespeakerswasaverytoughtask.

ButitwasalsoararechangetoimprovemyEnglishandIcouldn'tthrowitaway.With

perseveranceanddevotion.Igotusedtotalkingtootherdelegationsnaturally.AlthoughIdidn't

winanyawards,thechairmanpraisedmeattheclosingceremonyformyexcellentperformance.

Thatmademefeelreallyproud.

Thistripbroughtmeunforgettableandvaluableexperiencesthatwillbenefitmeforever.

(1)Whatisthemainpurooseoftheauthor'sgoingtoAmerica?

A.Toseesomeplacesofinterest.B.Tovisitsomewell-knownuniversities.

C.Toattendacompetitionatauniversity.D.Tolearnabouttheculturaldiversitythere.

(2)Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhe/shesawtheculturaldiversityoftheUS?

A.Regretful.B.Amazed.C.Peaceful.D.Confident.

(3)Whatistheauthor'swishinthefuture?

A.ToworkfortheUnitedNations.B.Totourmorecountriesintheworld.

C.TohaveajobintheUnitedStates.D.TostudyinthefamousuniversitiesinAmerica.

(4)Whydidtheauthorfeelproud?

A.Hewonanawardinthecompetition.

B.Hewaspraisedbythechairman.

C.Hecouldpersuadeotherstoaccepthisopinions.

D.HecouldspeakEnglishwellattheconference.

【答案】(1)C

(2)B

(?)D

(4)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者去美国参加在一所大学里举行的比赛，对美国

文化的多元化感到惊讶。作者虽然没有获奖，但他被主席表扬因而感到自豪。作者最大的

愿望是在美国大学里学习,

(1)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"Finallycameourdestinations—theModelUnited

NationsconferenceattheUniversityofChicago.Studentsfromvariouscountriesarrivedtoactas

UnitedNationsdelegationsandsharetheiropinionsaboutglobalissues//和倒数第一段中的“As

anon-nativespeaker,Ifeltthatcompetingagainstnativespeakerswasaverytoughtask.”可知,

作者来美国的目的是为了在一所大学参加比赛。故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据笫二段中的“Lookingatpeopleofdifferentracesandnationalities

passingbyandhearingdifferentlanguagesallaroundme,Icouldn'tsayanythingforalongtime.I

hadneverunderstoodtheculturaldiversityoftheUSsoclearlyandcloselybefore.”可知，作者

看到美国文化的多元化时感到惊讶。故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Mydreamistoreturntothoseplacesasan

internationalstudent.〃可知，作者最大的愿望是在美国大学里学习。故选D“

(4)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"AlthoughIdidn'twinanyawards,thechairman

praisedmeattheclosingceremonyformyexcellentperformance.Thatmademefeel至ally

proud."可知，他被主席表扬因而感到自豪。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息、，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4.阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

DevonGallaghecacollegegraduatefromPhiladelphia,wantstheworldtoknowexactlywhere

she'sbeenwhileshe'sonherworldwidevacationinaspecialway.Thetraveler,whowasborn

withabonedisease,hadherrightlegamputated(截肢)attheageoffour.Althoughthe

amputationcausedinconvenienceforGallagherearlyon,shenowseesitasnothingshortof

inspirationforlivingherbestlife.

Tospreadthatmessage.Gallagherhasgonetosocialmedia,whereshesharesphotoscfher

travelsacrosstheworld,butinsteadofsimplyusingageo-tag(土也理位置标签)，shewritesher

locationonherartificiallegbeforetakingapicture.

NowshehasbeentakingpicturesacrosstheContinent,whichshowhercyclingoverthecanal

inAmsterdamrelaxingonawalloverlookingthecityofBarcelona,posingwithawaflein

Brussels,takinginthebeautifulParthenontempleinAthensandenjoyingariverrideinBudapest,

allwiththewell-knownlocationswrittenonherartificialleg.

"IgetanewlegeverytwoyearsandIcanchoosethedesignonit.OnedayIhadasudden

thoughttogetachalk-board,"Gallaghersaid."Mymumandgrandmotherdidn'tliketheidea,

butmyfriendsthoughtitwasgreatandtoldmetogoforit,soIdid."

Gallaghersaidpeopleoftenstarewhenshe'swritingonherleg,butonceshesharesthe

photos,shereceivesonlypositivefeedback(反馈)，"Myleghasn'tstoppedmefromdoing

anythingI'vewantedtodo,"shesaid."Idon'tknowifit'smydeterminationtoprovetomyself

thatIcandoit,anyway,I'vebeenabletokeepupwithpeopleatmyageandleadaprettygreat

life."

Gallaghershowsusthatyoushouldneverletanythingstandinthewayofyourdreams.Andif

lifegivesyouanartificialleg,makeart.

(1)WhatmessagedidGallapherwanttospreadinherspecialway?

A.Sheenjoyshertravellingacrosstheglobe.

B.Shesufferslittlefromherleg'samputation.

C.shelooksonhermisfortuneasanotherformofblessing.

D.Shehasexactlyfalleninlovewithpostingphotosonline.

(2)Whatdoestheword'which"underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.thecontinentB.thepicturesC.thelegD.thelocation

(3)Gallaphercanbestbedescribedas.

A.helpfulandambitiousB.friendlyandgenerous

C.determinedandcreativeD.independentandsensible

(4)Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.NeverTooLatetoshareB.ASpecialAlificialLeg

C.AnOutstandingPhotographerD.Gallagher'sSummerHolidays

【答案】(1)C

(2)B

(3)C

(4)B

【解析】【分析】DevonGallagher小时因病右腿截肢，尽管有很多不便，但她认为这可以

激励她过上最好的生活。长大后Gallagher在社交媒体上分享自己环球旅行的照片，但她并

没有简单的使用地理标签，而是拍照前在假肢上写下自己的位置。她的故事告诉我们不要

让任何东西挡住通往梦想的道路。

(1)细节理解题。根据第一段中Althoughthearrputationcausedinconveniencefor

Gallagherearlyon,shenowseesitasnothingshortofinspirationforlivingherbestlife.。尽管截

肢早期给她带来了很多不便，但她认为这可以激励她过上最好的生活。由此可知Gallagher

想以她独特的方式表明她把自己的不幸看做是另一种幸运的形式，故选Co

(2)推理判断题。NowshehasbeentakingpicturesacrosstheContinent,whichshowher

cyclingoverthecanalinAmsterdamrelaxingonawall...现在她在整个大陆拍照，应该是这些

照片展示了…所以which指代的是她拍的照片，故选B.

(3)推理判断题。根据第四段OnedayIhadasuddenthoughttogetachalk-board,"

Gallaghersaid."Mymumandgrandmotherdidn'tliketheidea,butmyfriendsthoughti:was

greatandtoldmetogoforit,soIdid."Gallagher说她妈妈和外婆都不喜欢她chalk-board的主

意、,但她的朋友喜欢，让她去试试，所以她就去了，可知Gallagher很有决心。根据第二

段Tospreadthatmessage.Gallagherhasgonetosocialmedia,whereshesharesphotosofher

travelsacrosstheworld,butinsteadofsimplyusingageo-tag(地理位置标签)，shewritesher

locationonherartificiallegbeforetakingapicture。Gallagher把她的位置写在假肢上来和大

家分享可知他是一个很有创造性的人，故选C.

(4)主旨大意题。最后一段Andiflifegivesyouanartificialleg,makeart。是本文的主题

句，根据文章内容可知本文主要描述的是截肢的Gallagher在社交媒体上分享自己环球旅行

的照片，但她并没有简单的使用地理标签，而是拍照前在假肢上写下自己的位置的故事。

这篇文章是想通过Gallagher的一条假肢,传达出一种乐观向上的生活态度,故ASpecial

ArtificialLeg是最好的标题。故选A°

【点评】考查阅读理解本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题三种常考题型，

细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文以及分析特殊句式，推断

出需要的信息：主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

5.阅读理解

"Whatkindofrubbishareyou?"Thisquestionmightnormallycauseanger;butinShanghaiit

wasbroughtaboutwearycomplaintsoverthepastfewmcnths.OnJuly1st,thecityintroduced

strictrubbish-sortingregulationsthatareexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.

Citizensmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatecategoriesandputitintospecificpublicbins.

Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurethatrulesareobeyed

andtoexaminethenatureofone'srubbish.

Violatorscouldbehitwithfinesofupto200yuan($29).Forrepeatviolators,thecitycanadd

blackmarkstotheircreditrecords,makingitharderforthemtoobtainhankloansorevenbuy

traintickets.

Shanghaiauthoritiesarerespondingtoobviousenvironmentalproblem.Itproduces9rrillion

tonsofgarbageayear.Butlikeothercitiesinchina,itlacksarecyclingsystem.Instead,ithas

reliedonrubbishpickerstopickoutwhatevercanbereused.Thishaslimits.Aspeopleget

wealthier;fewerofthemwanttodosuchdirtywork.Thewaste,meanwhile,justkeepspilingup.

Chinaproduces80billionpairsofone-offchopsticksayear.

Manycitizensappeartosupporttheideaofrecyclingingeneralbutarefrustratedbythe

details.Rubbishmustbedividedaccordingtowhetheritisfood,recyclable,dryorhazardojs(有

害的)，thedistinctionsamongwhichcanbeconfusing,thoughthereareappstohelpworkitout.

Somehavecomplainedabouttherulessurroundingfoodwaste.Theymustputitstraightinthe

requiredpublicbin,forcingthemtotearopenplasticbagsandtoss(投掷)itbyhand,Most

annoyingaretheshortperiodsforthrowingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningand

evening.Alongwiththemcnitorsatthebins,thismeansthatpeoplegoataroundthesametime

andcankeepaneyeonwhatisbeingthrownout;noonewantstolookbad.

(1)What'sthepurposecfParagraph1?

A.Tocomplainaboutrubbishdividing.

B.Toexplainthefourcategoriesofthewaste.

C.Tointroducetherulesonwastesorting.

D.Toshowthegoalofrubbish,sortingregulations.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"Violators"inParagraph2referto?

A.Peoplewhodon'tpayfortraintickets.B.Peoplewhoarguewiththemonitors.

C.Peoplewhoobtainbankloans.D.Peoplewhoareagainsttheregulations.

(3)Whatmakesthecitizensupsetmostabouttherules?

A.Complexdistinctionamongthefourcategoriesofrubbish.

B.Shortscheduledtimefortossingrubbish.

C.Beingobservedbymonitorswhenthrowingthegarbage.

D.Beingfinedwhenblamedduetoimproperbehavior.

(4)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ARestartofWaste-sortingB.ANewAgeofGarbageClassification

C.LearningtoClassifyRubbishD.Rubbish-sortingBenefitstheWorld

【答案】(1)C

(2)D

(3)B

(4)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了7月1日上海市出台的垃圾分类规定，有

望成为我国的一个典范。文章说明了垃圾分类规定的部分内容以及违反者将面临的处罚，

这项政策出台的原因是上海日益增多的垃圾，以及居民们对此政策的看法和态度。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Citizensmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparate

categoriesandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitors

arepresenttoensurethatrulesareobeyedandtoexaminethenatureofone'srubbish."市民必

须将垃圾分为四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监

督员在场时，以确保规则得到遵守，并检查垃圾的性质。可知主要是在说明垃圾分类的相

关规定，故第一段的目的是介绍垃圾分类的规则。故选C。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"Theycouldbehitwithfinesofupto200yuan($29).”

他们将面临最高200元(29美元)的罚款。可推测他们此处指违反垃圾分类规定的人们，故

划线单词意思为“违反规定的人"，故选D。

(3)考杳细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Mostupseta-etheshortwindowsforthrowing

trash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening."最让人心烦的是扔垃圾的短暂开放

期，通常是早上和晚上的几个小时，可知，扔垃圾的时间很短让居民对这些规定最不满。

故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。根据第•段中的"OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstricttrash-sorting

regulationsthatareexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.Residentsmustdividetheir

wasteintofourseparatekindsandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduled

times,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurecomplianceandtoinquireintothenatureofone's

rubbish.”月1日，该市出台了严格的垃圾分类规定,有望成为我国的一个典范。居民必须

将他们的垃圾分成四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，

当监督员在场时，以确保遵守和调查一个人的垃圾的性质)以及文章主要内容围绕着上海

垃圾分类规定标志着一个垃圾分类的新时代的开始而展开，故选Bo

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一

篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分

析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6.阅读理解

Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It'sverylikelythatyou'llwanttohave

volunteerstohelpwiththeorganization'sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstancwhy

peopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.

Let'sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveral

factorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonal

valuesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocial

relationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.

Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishto

attract.

Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunity

service,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,:hese

programscanshiftpeople'swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g."Ivolunteer

becauseit'simportanttome")toanexternalfactor(e.g."IvolunteerbecauseI'mrequiredtodo

so").Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbe

sensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.

Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?To

answerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrack

volunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.One

ofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfac:ionasvolunteerswastheamountof

sufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,

itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento

"trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethem

withstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience".

Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofeeusedonindividualdifferencesinthe

degreetowhichpeopleview"volunteer"asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthose

peopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobe

mostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrole

matteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas"VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartof

whoIam."Consistentwiththeresearchers'expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation(正相

关)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.

Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:"Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,

continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity....ItemslikeT-shirtsthat

allowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenrole

identity".

(1)Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof.

A.academicrequirementsB.socialexpectations

C.financialrewardsD.internalneeds

(2)WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?

A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.

B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.

C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.

□.Volunteersareprovidedv/ithconcreteadvice.

(3)Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?

A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.

B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.

C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.

□.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.

(4)Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteer

B.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviors

C.HowtoKeepVolunteers'Interest

D.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities

【答案】(1)D

(2)B

(3)C

(4)A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了怎样让人们去做志愿者的一些方法。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“...peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelated

tounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocial

relationships."可知，人们做志愿工作主要是出于表达无私的个人价值观、拓展自身的经

验、加强社会关系等内在需求。故选D。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento

'trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwit