专题一　题型2　推理判断题

四选一阅读专题一汇报人：推理判断题题型201推理判断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的推敲，作出一定的判断和推理，从而理解文章的深层含义的过程。推理判断题主要考查考生分析上下文逻辑关系的能力以及逻辑推理能力。题目所涉及的内容可能是某几句话，要求考生在理解原文意思的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，从而揭示其深层含义。纵观近几年高考真题，推断隐含信息、观点态度、写作意图为高频考点，而推断文章出处/类型、读者对象、后续内容和写作手法为低频考点。隐含信息推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据语篇提供的信息，或者借助语境进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的逻辑关系，理解关键词句的真正含义，才能作出准确的推断。一般此类题干中主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(表明，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(推断出)和assume(假定，设想)。设问方式主要有：Whatcanwelearnfrom...inparagraph...？Whatcanbeinferredfromthe...paragraph？Whatcanweinferfrom...？Whatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioning...inparagraph...？Whatcanbeinferredabout...?考向1隐含信息推断题(2024·全国甲，C片段)Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem，particularlyinthepoorer，ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver，includingarrangingdoctor’sappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.29.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3aboutKrasnoyarsk？设问方向：就第三段内容对Krasnoyarsk的情况进行推断A.Itisheavilypopulated. B.Itofferstrainingfordoctors.C.Itisamoderncity. D.Itneedsmedicalaid.关键信息1关键信息2题干关键词[1]原文关键词＝题干关键词典例剖析[2]分析关键信息的字面意思：关键信息1：政府一直在努力提出推动医疗服务现代化的措施,关键信息2：扩大财政援助计划以激励医生到像Krasnoyarsk这样的偏远地区行医[3]推测并整合关键信息的隐含意思：整合关键信息可知，在俄罗斯，像Krasnoyarsk这样的偏远地区存在很多医疗问题，政府一直努力解决，加大财政援助并鼓励医生去行医，可推断Krasnoyarsk急需医疗救助。对比选项知D项正确。技法归纳A(2024·新课标Ⅱ，C片段)BMFemployeesliveout①sustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice，theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Weare②passionateaboutreducingwaste，carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment，”saidaBMFemployee.1.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.D.Theyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.√即时演练推理判断题。根据BMFemployees定位到所给片段，根据该段第一句“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.”及最后一句“‘Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste，carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment，’saidaBMFemployee.”可知，BMF的员工在日常生活中践行可持续行为，并热衷于减少环境中的废弃物、碳排放和化学制品，由此推测，他们具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。语境猜词：①sustainability_________②passionate______________n.可持续性

adj.热情的，狂热的B(2023·全国甲，D片段)Obviously，ifprecautions(预防)aren’ttaken，grizzliescanbecome①troublesome，sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites，grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimal②quartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean，attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits，”saysJamesJonkel，longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.√推理判断题。依据语段中的“Obviously，ifprecautions(预防)aren’ttaken，grizzliescanbecometroublesome...Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites，grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble...isalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.”可推知，如果采取一些预防措施，可以避免灰熊造成破坏，甚至有效地驱离灰熊，即人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B。语境猜词：①troublesome___________②quarter________adj.引起麻烦的n.生活区此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问方式主要有：Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoward...？Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...？Howdoestheauthorfind...?考向2观点和态度一般分为三大类：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立；③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者或文中人物的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。观点态度推断题(2024·全国甲，C片段)TheannualarrivaloftheSaintLukasisanotherattempttoimprovethesituation.For10monthseveryyear，thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks，beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(补给).Thenitstartsalloveragainthenextmonth.Moststationswaitaboutayearbetweenvisits.Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheck-ups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsand

theirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstaying

focusedandveryconcerned，”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchance

formanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”关键信息1：描述性词汇→形容词关键信息2：描述性词汇→形容词关键信息1：描述性词汇→形容词典例剖析31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?设问方向：Ducke对SaintLukas的服务持有的态度A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful.C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.[1]找关键信息：见文中1、2、3[2]分析关键信息：关键信息1：形容词impressed，说明Ducke对医生和他们的助手的工作印象深刻。关键信息2：形容词little和focusedandconcerned，说明医生和助手虽然住在如此狭小的空间里，但仍然保持专注和关切。关键信息3：形容词thebest，说明他们服务很好。[3]归纳人物态度：综上可知，Ducke对SaintLukas的服务是感激的，故选A。技法归纳A(2024·新课标Ⅰ，B片段)“Iamnotcrazy，”saysDr.WilliamFarber，shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(针灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittle①defensive，itmightbebecauseevensomeofhisco-workers②occasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(兽医)nowpracticing“holistic”medicine—combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture，chiropractic(按摩疗法)andherbalmedicine.即时演练1.WhatdosomeofFarber’sco-workersthinkofhim?A.He’sodd. B.He’sstrict.C.He’sbrave. D.He’srude.观点态度题。根据选段开头“Iamnotcrazy”以及下文“Ifheseemsalittledefensive，itmightbebecauseevensomeofhisco-workersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.”可知，法伯的一些同事有时会嘲笑他的不寻常的方法，即认为他很奇怪。故选A。√语境猜词：①defensive____________②occasionally_____________adj.怀有戒心的adv.偶然，偶尔B(2023·新课标Ⅰ，D片段)Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents，theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates？Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds？Thishappenedsomeofthetime，butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently，thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow，theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain，thepotential①implicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingare②enormous.2.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful. D.Approving.观点态度题。依据“忠于措辞”法。根据选段最后一段“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain，thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究是赞许和支持的。故选D。√语境猜词：①implication__________②enormous______________n.可能的影响adj.巨大的，极大的C(2023·全国甲，C片段)Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences，andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory，andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解读)theirmessagesandaddinghisown①interpretation.The

Socrates

Expressisafun，sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparent②simplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire，lonelinessandaging.Theinvitationisclear：Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It’sworthyourtime，eveniftimeissomethingwedon’thavealotof.3.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner’sbook?A.Objectiveandplain.B.Daringandambitious.C.Seriousandhardtofollow.D.Humorousandstraightforward.观点态度题。根据选段第一段第一句以及第二段第一句可推知，作者认为Weiner的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。√语境猜词：①interpretation__________②simplicity______n.解释，理解n.简单各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。设问方式主要有：Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage？Whatisthepurposeofthistext？Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioning...？Whatisthepurposeof...mentionedinparagraph...?考向3写作意图推断题(2024·新课标Ⅱ，D)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives，weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture，andthisiswhereAI

by

Design：A

Plan

for

Living

with

Artificial

Intelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(变革).[1]Para.1：总体介绍了新书《人工智能设计：与人工智能共同生活的计划》。典例剖析Inthewronghands，suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut，thankfully，Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic，makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich，bytheclose，willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.[2]Para.2：介绍了本书作者的背景和写作特点。AswesooncometolearnfromAI

by

Design，AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable，movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.Fromthere，Campbellsays，willcomeArtificialDominantIntelligence.ThisiswhyCampbellhassetouttoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow—severaldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence，orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.[3]Paras.3－4：概述了书中的主要论点及其意义。Campbell’spointistowakeupthoseresponsibleforAI—thetechnologycompaniesandworldleaders—sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrentlydevelopingit.Sheexplainsweareata“tippingpoint”inhistoryandmustactnowtopreventanextinction-leveleventforhumanity.WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAItopanout.Suchstructuredthinking，followedbyglobalregulation，willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall.AIwillaffectusall，andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject，thisisit.[4]Para.5：再次强烈推荐这本书。35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?设问方向：询问本文的写作目的A.TorecommendabookonAI.B.TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C.ToclarifythedefinitionofAI.D.TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.辨文体：本文以“书”为对象，阐述了作者对这本书的评价，由此可推知，本文是一篇书评。明主旨：根据各段主旨可知，本文介绍了《人工智能设计：与人工智能共同生活的计划》这本书的内容并作了评价。作判断：由此可推断，作者写这篇文章是为了推荐一本有关AI的书。故选A。技法归纳A(2024·全国甲，D片段)That’swhythisissue(期)ofWriter’s

Digestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories，PeterMountford①breaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.Thisissuewon’ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe—②that’suptoyouandthestoryyou’retelling—butitmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.即时演练1.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists.B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.√写作意图题。根据选段第一段首句可知，本期《作家文摘》旨在帮助读者了解如何给自己的作品写出最好的结局，接着作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯将如何进行这方面的指导。由此可知，作者提到这两个人是为了强调这期杂志的主题。故选B。语境猜词：①breakdown____②

That’supto...__________分析那取决于……B(2023·新课标Ⅰ，B片段)Overtheyears，Johnhas①takenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedan②eco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou，acityinsoutheastChina.2.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.√写作意图题。选段首句指出约翰做了很多大项目，接着提到他为伯灵顿和福州设计的净化水体的项目，可推知作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰的想法的一项实际应用。故选B。语境猜词：①takeon____②eco-machine________承担生态机器C(2023·全国甲，C片段)Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthen①frameseachphilosopher’sworkinthecontext(背景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates，seelikeThoreau，listenlikeSchopenhauer，andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This，②morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy，isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.3.Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner’sbook.√写作意图题。根据选段中的“Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainride...TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates，seelikeThoreau，listenlikeSchopenhauer，andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.”可知，作者在本段开头描写了Weiner的书的内容，接着通过列举几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故选D。语境猜词：①frame________________②morethan__________________v.把……置于……中与其说……(不如说……)这类考题考查频率较低，常包括文章出处/类型题、读者对象题、后续内容题和写作手法题等。一般来讲，文章出处/类型题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别；读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象；后续内容推断题要求考生能根据整篇文章的情节发展预测文章的后续内容，这种题型对考生的能力要求较高；写作手法题主要考查整篇文章或某个段落的写作手法。设问方式主要有：Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom？(文章出处题)Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom？(文章出处题)Whatisthetext？(文章类型题)Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout？(后续内容题)Whoaretheintendedreadersofthetext？(读者对象题)Howisthetopicintroducedinthefirstparagraph？(写作手法题)低频考点内容细节巧判断下面介绍部分题型的解题技法：A(文章出处题)(2024·浙江湖丽衢三市二模)ExplorethesciencebehindtheseamazinglandscapesRetracingCharlesDarwin’stravelsacrossNorthWales13May2024|6daysUncoverthebestofWalesasyouexplorethedramaticWelshlandscapesofEryri(Snowdonia)NationalParkandexaminetheregiongeologyandhowithasbeentransformedbyvolcanicandglacialactivityovertheyears.DiscoverthestoryofCharlesDarwin’s1831and1842toursofWales，and①retracehistravelsonthissmallgroupjourneytoShrewsburyandSnowdonia.即时演练TheRockiesandtheBadlands：GeologyanddinosaursinCanada17June2024|7daysExplorethemajesticRockyMountainswestofCalgaryandtheotherworldlyBadlandstotheeast，witnessthestunningsceneryandgeologyofsouthernAlberta.ThistourincludestwovisitstoUNESCOWorldHeritagesites，whereyouwillseefirst-handtheruggedpeaksandglacialfeaturesoftheBanffportionofCanadianRockyMountainParksandthebone-riddledbadlandsofDinosaurProvincialPark.Shortbreak：DinosaursandHoodoos：Alberta23July2024|3daysVisitoneoftheworld’spremierdinosaurmuseums，sailallthewayaroundaWorldHeritagesitewithoutstandingdinosaurfossilsandexplorethemulti-huedcanyonsandwind-sculptedhoodoos(石林)oftheAlbertaBadlands.Throughoutthistour，youwillbeaccompaniedbypaleontologist(古生物学家)JonNoad，whowillsharethestoriesoftherocks，includingtalesaboutpastoceans，swamps，riversanddeserts，theriseandfallofthedinosaursand，morerecently，icesheetsthatcoveredAlbertaandcarvedout②spectacularlandscapes.1.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Aresearchpaper.B.Asciencefictionnovel.C.Atourismreport.D.Atravelbrochure.√文章出处题。根据全文内容，结合文章标题“Explorethesciencebehindtheseamazinglandscapes”可知，文章介绍了三个关于神奇地质景观的旅行项目，应是出自一本旅游手册，故选D。语境猜词：①retrace_________________②spectacular________________vt.重走(别人走过的路线)adj.壮观的，令人惊叹的B(文章类型题)(2022·全国乙，B片段)In1916，twogirlsofwealthyfamilies，bestfriendsfromAuburn，N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead，Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothing

Daunted：The

Unexpected

Education

of

Two

Society

Girls

in

the

WestbyDorothyWickenden，whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter....InWickenden’sbook，sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism，whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads，whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies，ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff，onherhorse，lookingdownfromahilltop：“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains，itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals：foxes，coyotes，mice，andvaryinghares，whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”2.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview.C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.√文章类型题。根据选段第一段最后一句和倒数第二段首句“InWickenden’sbook，sheexpandedon...”以及末句“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.”以及最后一段前两句可推知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden写的一部书的内容，并对其进行了评价，所以是一篇书评。故选B。C(读者对象题)(2024·广州天河区二模)Someofthegreatestdiscoveriesinsciencehavebeencompletelyaccidental.Thenagain，maybesciencehadalittlehelp...IceCandyOneofAmerica’sfavoritesummertimetreatscameaboutthankstoaparticularlycoldnightintheSanFranciscoBayareain1905.That’swhen11-year-oldFrankEppersonforgotaglasscontainingpowderedsodamix，waterandawoodenstickoutatthedoorwayovernight.Thenextmorning，Frankdiscoveredthemixturehadfrozenaroundthestick.Hepoppeditoutofthecup，lickedit...andsummerswereneverthesame!SafetyGlassIn1903，FrenchchemistÉdouardBénédictusaccidentallydroppedaglassbottle.Tohissurprise，theglasscrackedbutwasn’tbrokenintopieces.Outofcuriosity，hecheckeditcarefully.Asitturnedout，thebottlehadn’tbeencleanedproperlyandwas①coatedwithathin②filmofakindofliquidplastic.Ahappyaccidentledtothediscoveryofsafetyglass.YInMnBlueIn2009，MasSubramanian，aprofessorofmaterialsscienceatOregonStateUniversity，wastestingoutnewmaterialsforelectronicsinhislabwithgraduatestudents.Amixtureofmetalswentintothefurnace.Whatcameoutwasastrikingbluemixture.Thefirstnewbluesincecobalt(深蓝)wasdiscoveredin1802，iscalled“YInMnBlue”.PenicillinIn1928，ScottishresearcherAlexanderFlemingreturnedtohislabafteratwo-weekvacationonlytodiscoverthatmold(霉菌)fromanopenwindowhadmadeanuncovereddishofbacteriadirty.Strangelyenough，themoldstoppedthebacteriafromgrowing，givingtheworlditsfirstantibiotic.3.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthetext?A.Sciencestudents.B.Curiosityseekers.C.Scienceresearchers.D.Thegeneralpublic.√读者对象题。根据第一段“Someofthegreatestdiscoveriesinsciencehavebeencompletelyaccidental.”以及下文对冰棒、安全玻璃、钇铟锰蓝、盘尼西林的发现过程的介绍可知，这四个偶然的发现都与生活相关，故其目标读者为大众，是向大众介绍这些发现，故选D。语境猜词：①coat______②f