雅思G类阅读答案

第一篇：收音机RadioAutomation

Todaytheyareeverywhere.Productionlinescontrolledbycomputersandoperatedby

robots.There'snochatterofassemblyworkers,justthewhirrandclickofmachines.

Inthemid-1940s,theworkcrlcssfactorywasstillthestuffofsciencefiction.There

werenocomputerstospeakofandelectronicswasprimitive.Yethiddenawayinthe

EnglishcountrysidewasahighlyautomatedproductionlinecalledECME,which

couldturnout1500radioreceiversadaywithalmostnohelpfromhumanhands.

A

JohnSargrove,thevisionaryengineerwhodevelopedthetechnology,waswayahead

ofhistime.Formorethanadecade,Sargrovehadbeentryingtofigureouthowto

makecheaperradios.Automatingthemanufacturingprocesswouldhelp.Butradios

didn'tlendthemselvestosuchmethods:thereweretoomanypartstofittogetherand

toomanywirestosolder.Evenasimplereceivermighthave30separatecomponents

and8()hand-solderedconnections.Ateverystage,thingshadtobetestedand

inspected.Makingradiosrequiredhighlyskilledlabor-andlotsofit.

B

In1944,Sargrovecameupwiththeanswer.Uissolutionwastodispensewithmostof

thefiddlybitsbyinventingaprimitivechip-aslabofBakelitewithallthereceiver's

electricalcomponentsandconnectionsembeddedinit.Thiswassomethingthatcould

bemadebymachines,andhedesignedthoseloo.Attheendofthewar,Sargrovebuilt

anautomaticproductionline,whichhecalledECME(electronic

circuit-makingequipment),inasmallfactoryinEffingham,Surrey.

ECMELine

C

AnoperatorsatatoneendofeachECMEline,feedingintheplates.Shedidn'tneed

muchskill,onlyquickhands.Fromnowon,everythingwascontrolledbyelectronic

switchesandrelays.Firststopwasthesandbluster,whichroughenedthesurfaceof

theplasticsothatmoltenmetalwouldsticktoit.Theplateswerethencleanedto

removeanytracesofgrit.Themachineautomaticallycheckedthatthesurfacewas

roughenoughbeforesendingtheplatetothesprayingsection.There,eightnozzles

rotatedintopositionandsprayedmoltenzincoverbothsidesoftheplate.Again,the

nozzlesonlybegantospraywhenaplatewasinplace.Theplatewhizzedon.The

nextstopwasthemillingmachine,whichgroundawaythesurfacelayerofmetalto

leavethecircuitandothercomponentsinthegroovesandrecesses.Nowtheplatewas

acompositeofmetalandplastic.Itspedontobelacqueredandhaveitscircuitstested.

Bythetimeitemergedfromtheendoftheline,robothandshadfilleditwithsockets

toattachcomponentssuchasvalvesandloudspeakers.WhenECMEwasworkingflat

out,thewholeprocesstook20seconds.

D

ECMEwasastonishinglyadvanced.Electroniceyes,photocellsthatgeneratedasmall

currentwhenapanelarrived,triggeredeachstepintheoperation,soavoiding

excessivewearandtearonthemachineryTheplateswereautomaticallytestedateach

stageastheymovedalongtheconveyor.Andifmorethantwoplatesinsuccession

wereduds,themachineswereautomaticallyadjusted-orIfnecessaryhalted.Ina

conventionalfactory,workerswouldtestfaulty-circuitsandrepairthem.But

Sargrove'sassemblylineproducedcircuitssocheaplytheyJustthrewawaythefaulty

ones.Sargrove'scircuitboardwasevenmoreastonishingforthetime.Itpredatedthe

morefamiliarprintedcircuit,withwiringprintedonaboard,yetwasmore

sophisticated.Itsbuilt-incomponentsmadeitmorelikeamodemchip.

E

WhenSargroveunveiledhisinventionatameetingoftheBritishInstitutionofRadio

EngineersinFebruary1947,theassembledengineerswereimpressed.Sowasthe

manfromTheTimes.ECME,hereportedthefollowingday,"producesalmost

withouthumanlabour,acompleteradioreceivingset.Thisnewmethodofproduction

canbeequallywellappliedtotelevisionandotherformsofelectronicapparatus."

F

Thereceivershadmanyadvantagesovertheirpredecessors.Witcomponentsthey

weremorerobust.Robotsdidn'tmakethesortsofmistakeshumanassemblyworkers

sometimesdid."Wiringmistakesjustcannothappen/wroteSargrove.Nowiresalso

meanttheradioswerelighterandcheapertoshipabroad.Andwithnosolderedwires

tocomeunstuck,theradiosweremorereliable.Sargrovepointedoutthatthecircuit

boardsdidn'thavetobeflat.Theycouldbecurved,openinguptheprospectof

buildingtheelectronicsintothecabinetofBakeliteradios.

G

Sargrovewasallforintroducingthistypeofautomationtootherproducts.Itcouldbe

usedtomakemorecomplexelectronicequipmentthanradios,heargued.Andevenif

onlypartofamanufacturingprocesswereautomated,thesavingswouldbe

substantial.Butwhilehisinventionwasbrilliant,histimingwasbad.ECMEwastoo

advancedforitsowngood.Itwasonlycompetitiveonhugeproductionrunsbecause

eachnewjobmeantretoolingthemachines.Butdisruptionwasfrequent.

Sophisticatedasitwas,ECMEstilldependedonold-fashionedelectromechanical

relaysandvalves-whichfailedwithmonotonousregularity.ThestateofBritain's

economyaddedtoSargrove'stroubles.Productionwasdoggedbypowercutsand

post-warshortagesofmaterials.Sargrove'sfinancialbackersbegantogetcoldfeet.

H

TherewasanotherproblemSargrovehadn'tforeseen.OneofECME*sbiggest

advantages-thesavingsonthecostoflabour-alsoaccelerateditsdownfall.Sargrove's

factoryhadtwoECMEproductionlinestoproducethetwocircuitsneededforeach

radio.Betweenthemthesedidwhatathousandassemblyworkerswouldotherwise

havedone.Humanhandswereneededonlytofeedtherawmaterialinatoneendand

plugthevalvesintotheirsocketsandfittheloudspeakersattheother.Afterthat,the

onlyjobleftwastofitthepairofBakelitepanelsintoaradiocabinetandcheckthatit

worked.

I

Sargrovesawautomationasthewaytosolvepost-warlaborshortages.With

somewhatUtopianidealism,heimaginedhisnewtechnologywouldfreepeoplefrom

boring,repetitivejobsontheproductionlineandallowthemtodomoreinteresting

work."Don'tgettheideathatweareouttoiobpeopleoftheirjobs,1hetoldtheDaily

Mirror."Ourtaskistoliberatemenandwomenfrombeingslavesofmachines."

Theworkerssawthingsdifferently.Theyviewedautomationinthesamelightasthe

everlastinglightbulborthesuitthatneverwearsout-asathreattopeople's

livelihoods.Ifautomationspread,theywouldn'tbereleasedtodomoreexcitingjobs.

They'dbereleasedtojointhedolequeue.FinancialbackingforECMEfizzledout.

Themoneydriedup.AndBritainlostitsleadinatechnologythatwouldtransform

industryjustafewyearslater.

Question1-7

Summary

ThefollowingdiagramexplainstheprocessofECME:

CompletethefollowingchartoftheparagraphsofReadingPassage,usingnomore

thantwowordsfromtheReadingPassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersin

boxes1-7onyouranswersheet.

Question8-11

Summary

CompletethefollowingsummaryoftheparagraphsofReadingPassage,usingno

morethantwowordsfromtheReadingPassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswers

inboxes8-11onyouranswersheet.

Sargrovehadbeendedicatedtocreatea8radiobyautomationofmanufacture.

Theoldversionofradiohadalargenumberofindependent9Afterthis

innovationmade,wireless-styleradiosbecame10andinexpensivetoexport

oversea.AstheSargrovesawit,therealbenefitofECME'sradiowasthatit

reduced11ofmanualwork.whichcanbeeasilycopiedtootherindustriesof

manufacturingelectronicdevices.

Cheaper、components、lighter、cost

Question12-13

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

Writeyouranswersinboxes12-13onyouranswersheet.

12WhatwereworkersattitudetowardsECMEModelinitially?A

Aanxious

Bwelcoming

Cboring

Dinspiring

13Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?C

Aapproachtoreducethepriceofradio

Banewgenerationoffullypopularproductsandsuccessfulbusiness

Canapplicationoftheautomationintheearlystage

DECMEtechnologycanbeappliedinmanyproductfields

篇章结构：

体裁说明文

题目收音机自动化一集成电路的先驱

结构Paragr叩h1:在电子技术极其落后的1940s,英国出现了收音机自动化生产

线…ECME.

A段：收音机并不特别适合用自动化流程生产。

B段：Sargrove是如何解决收音机不适合自动化生产的问题，从而导致ECME诞

生的。

C段：ECME生产线的各道工序介绍。

D段：ECME生产线的先进之处（自动启动生产线、自动检测、比primedcircuit

更早更先进）

E段：各界对于ECME生产线的评价。

F段：ECME生产出来的收音机相对于之前收音机的几项优点。

G段：虽然ECME生产线可以被改造用于生产其他产品，但是它还是受很多因

素制约的（包括改造成本、配件的不可靠、当时英国经济现状）。

H段：ECME可以节约大量的劳动力，但是这却成了它失败的另一条原因。

I段：Sargrove认为ECME有助于解决劳动力短缺的问题，并将劳动力从无聊重

复的工作中解放出来。

J段：工人们认为ECME会不利于工人的就业。

参考答案：

l.chip2.grit3.moltenzinc4,millingmachine5.sockets

6.1oudspeakers7.valves8.cheaper9.componentslO.lighter

11.cost12.A13.C

第二篇：BondiBeach澳洲班迪沙滩

A

BondiBeach,Australia'smostfamousbeachislocatedinthesuburbofBondi,inthe

LocalGovernmentAreaofWaverlcy,sevenkilometersfromthecentreofSydney.

"Bondi"or"Boondi'1isanAboriginalwordmeaningwaterbreakingoverrocksorthe

soundofbreakingwaves.TheAustralianMuseumrecordsthatBondimeansplace

whereaflightofnullastookplace.

B

Theindigenouspeopleoftheareaboostawealthofuniqueculturesandtraditions.

Theaboriginalrockartisbelievedtobemosttypicalartform,consistingofrock

paintingsandrockengravings.TherearestillAboriginalrockcarvingsleftonthe

northernendofthebeachatBenBucklerandsouthofBondiBeachnearMcKenzies

Beachonthecoastalwalk.Later,theBritisharrivedinAustraliaandconstructedthe

firstsettlementinSydneyCoveon26January,1788.ThecategorynAboriginal

Australians1'wascoinedby(heBritishaftertheybegancolonisingAustralia,torefer

collectivelytoallpeopletheyfoundalreadyinhabitingthecontinent,andlatertothe

descendantsofanyofthosepeople.

C

Fromthemid-1800s,BondiBeachwasafavouritelocationforfamilyoutingsand

picnics.Thebeginningsofthesuburbgobackto1809,whentheearlyroadbuilder.

WilliamRobertsreceivedfromGovernorBlighagrantof81hectaresofwhatisnow

mostofthebusinessandresidentialareaofBondiBeach.In1851.EdwardSmithHall

andFrancisO'Brienpurchased200acresoftheBondiareathatembracedalmostthe

wholefrontageofBondiBeach,anditwasnamedthe"TheBondiEstate".Between

1855and1877O'BrienpurchasedHall'sshareoftheland,renamedthelandthe

"O'BrienEstate",andmadethebeachandthesurroundinglandavailabletothepublic

asapicnicgroundandamusementresort.Asthebeachbecameincreasinglypopular.

O'Brienthreatenedtostoppublicbeachaccess.However,theMunicipalCouncil

believedthattheGovernmentneededtointervenetomakethebeachapublicreserve.

D

Duringthe1900s,beachbecameassociatedwithhealth,leisureanddemocracy一a

playgroundeveryonecouldenjoyequallyBondiBeachwasaworkingclasssuburb

throughoutmostofthetwentiethcenturywithmigrantpeoplefromNewZealand

comprisingthemajorityofthelocalpopulation.Thefirsttramwayreachedthebeach

in1884.Followingthis,trambecamethefirstpublictransportationinBondi.Asan

alternative,thisactionchangedtherulethatonlyrichpeoplecanenjoythebeach.By

the1930sBondiwasdrawingnotonlylocalvisitorsbutalsopeoplefromelsewherein

Australiaandoverseas.AdvertisingatthetimereferredtoBondiBeachasthe

"PlaygroundofthePacific".

E

Thereisagrowingtrendthatpeoplepreferrelaxingnearseasideinsteadofliving

unhealthilyincities.Relatedresearchshowsthatspendingtimebytheoceanhas

manypositiveeffectsonhealthandwell-being.Whenyouputapersoninabeach

environment.1*It'snotgoingtobeanygreatsurprisetoyouthatpeoplerelax"said

studyresearcherMathewWhite,anenvironmentalpsychologistatSydney.According

tohisexperiment,oceanexposurecouldbeausefulformoftherapy.Thereforemore

peoplemovetoBondiinordertoexperienceahealthyandpurelife.Thebeautifuland

magnificentsceneryofBondiBeach一sapphirc-likcskyandtransparentsea,along

withpeoplewanderingonthesand,allcontributetoanincrediblepicture.Besides,

swimmingandsurfingarealsopopularanditwouldbetoostupidtowastethegifted

resources.

F

BondiBeachistheendpointoftheCitytoSurfFunRunwhichisheldeachyearin

August.Australiansurfcarnivalsfurtherinstilledthisimage.ARoyalSurfCarnival

washeldatBondiBeachfortheQueenElizabethIIduringherfirstvisittoAustralia

in1954.Since1867,therehavebeenoverfiftyvisitsbyamemberoftheBritish

RoyalFamilytoAustralia.Inaddition,theBondiBeachMarketisopeneverySunday.

ManywealthypeoplespendChristmasDayatthebeach.However,theshortageof

housesoccurswhenlotsofpeoplecrushtoseaside.Manlyistheseashoretownwhich

couldsolvethisproblem.However,peoplestillchooseBondiasthesatisfied

destinationratherthanManly.

G

BondiBeachhasacommercialareaalongCampbellParadeandadjacentsidestreets,

featuringmanypopularcafes,restaurants,andhotelsofvariousarchitecturalstyles,

withviewsofthecontemporarybeach.It"isdepictedaswhollymodemandEuropean.

Inthelastdecade,BondiBeach'suniquepositionhasseenadramaticriseinsvelte

housesandapartmentstotakeadvantageoftheviewsandscentofthesea.Thevalley

runningdowntothebeachisfamousworldwideforitsviewofdistinctiveredtiled

roofs.TheinspirationforbuildinghousearchitecturesisderivedfromtypicalBritish

coastaltowns.

H

BondiBeachhostedthebeachvolleyballeventatthe2000SummerOlympics.A

temporary10.000-scatstadium,amuchsmallerstadium.2warm-upcourtsand3

trainingcourtsweresetuptohostthetournament.TheBondiBeachStadiumwas

constructedforitandstoodforjustsixweeks.Campaignersopposeboththesocial

andenvironmentalconsequencesofthedevelopment.Thestadiumwilldividethe

beachintwoandseriouslyrestrictpublicaccessforswimming,walking,andother

formsofoutdoorrecreation.Peopleprotestfortheirhumanrightsofhavingapure

seasideandargueforhealthylifeinBondi.

I"Thcy'rcpreparedtorisktheBondiBeachenvironmentforthesakeofeightdaysof

volleyball"saidStephenUniacke,aconstructionlawyerinvolvedinthecampaign.

Otherenvironmentalconcernsincludethepossibilitythatsoildredgedupfrombelow

thesandwillacidifywhenbroughttothesurface.

Question1-5

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?

Inboxes1-5onyouranswersheet,write

TRUEifthestatementistrue

FALSEifthestatementisfalse

NOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiven

1.ThebeachgotitsnamefromtheBritishcolonists.F

2.TheindigenouscultureinAustraliavariesgreatlyfromtheEuropeanculture.NG

3.LivingnearBondiseashorewilldoharmtopeople'shealth.NG

4.ThehotelslocatedinBondiarebuiltincontemporarystyle.T

5.TheseasidetowninBondiisaffectedbyBritishcultureforitscharacteristicred

color.F

Question6-9

Answerthequestionsbelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORONENUMBERfromthe

passageforeachanswer

Writeyouranswersinboxes6-9onyouranswersheet

6.Whichkindofpublictransportationwasconstructedin19thcentury?Tram

7.WhendidQueenElizabethIIpayherfirstvisittoAustralia?1954

8.WhichsportgamedidBondiholdin2000SydneyOlympicGames?Beach

Volleyball

9.Accordingtooneproiesto^sview,whatwouldbedamagedifthestadiumwasbuilt?

Environment

Question10-13

CompletethefollowingsummaryoftheparagraphsofReadingPassage1.Choose

NOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthereadingpassageforeachanswer.Write

youranswersinboxes10-13onyouranswersheet.

Despitethepopularityofsportsactivitiesinthewater,BondiMarketisalso

welcomedwhichattractslotsof10topayavisithereduringholidays.Dueto

theemergenceoflargecrowd,thelocalaccommodationcannotaffordthishuge

increase.Anearbytownnamed11couldbeasecondchoicewhilesome

peoplewouldstillprefer12asthebestlocation.Thecommercialdistrictof

BondiBeachischaracterizedbyallkindsofinterestingcafes,restaurantsandhostels.

Itsseasidebuildingsarcdistinguishedforthespecialcolored13oftypical

Britishstyle.

Wealthpeople,Manly,Bondi,tiledroofs

篇章结构：

(一句话概括每段大意)

A段：班迪海滩的地理位置及名字含义

B段:班迪海滩的起源

C段:班迪海滩的形成历程

D段:班迪海滩的建设与发展

E段：班迪海滩存在的安全隐患以及应对措施

F段：在班迪海滩玩转冲浪狂欢节等活动的举行

G段：班迪海滩商业区的建筑扩展

H段：班迪海滩沙滩排球赛的主办及导致的社会及环境后果

I段：对在班迪海滩主办排球赛的抗议

答案：

l.FLASE2.NOTGIVEN3.NOTGIVEN4.TRUE5.FALSE

6.Tram7.19548.beachvolleyball9.Environment

lO.wealthypeople11.Manly12.Bondi13.tiledroofs

第三篇：Leaf・CuttingAntsandFungus切叶蚁和真菌

A)Theantsandtheiragriculturehavebeenextensivelystudiedovertheyears,but

therecentresearchhasuncoveredintriguingnewfindingsaboutthefungusthey

cultivate,howtheydomesticateditandhowtheycultivateitandpreserveitfrom

pathogens.Forexample,thefungusfarms,whichtheantswerethoughttokeepfree

ofpathogens,turnouttobevulnerabletoadevastatingmold,foundnowhereelsebut

inants'nests.Tokeepthemoldincheck,theantslongagomadeadiscoverythat

woulddocredittoanypharmaceuticallaboratory.

B)Leaf-cuttingantsandtheirfungusfarmsareamarvelofnatureandperhapsthe

bestknownexampleofsymbiosis,themutualdependenceoftwospecies.Theants,

achievementisremarkable-thebiologistEdward0.Wilsonhascalledit“oneofthe

majorbreakthroughsinanimalevolution'^——becauseitallowsthemtoeat,courtesy

oftheirmushroom'sdigestivepowers,theotherwisepoisonedharvestoftropical

forestswhoseleavesareladenwithterpenoids,alkaloidsandotherchemicalsdesigned

tosickenbrowsers.

C)Fungusgrowingseemstohaveoriginatedonlyonceinevolution,becauseall

gardeningantsbelongtoasingletribe,thedescendantsofthefirstfungusfanner.

Therearemorethan200knownspeciesoftheattineanttribe,dividedinto12groups,

orgenera.Theleaf-cuttersusefreshvegetation;theothergroups,knownasthelower

attinesbecauseIheirnestsaresmallerandtheirtechniquesmoreprimitive,feedtheir

gardenswithdetrituslikedeadleaves,insectsandfeces.In1994ateamoffour

biologists,UlrichG.MuellerandTedR.SchultzfromCornellUniversityandIgnacio

H.ChapclaandStephenA.RchncrfromtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,

analyzedtheDNAofantfunguses.Thecommonassumptionthatthefungusesareall

derivedfromasinglestrain,theyfound,wasonlyhalftrue.

D)TheIcaf-cuttcrs*funguswasindeeddescendedfiomasinglestrain,propagated

clonally,orjustbybudding,foratleast23millionyears.Butthelowerattineants

useddifferentvarietiesofthefungus,andinonecaseaquiteseparatespecies,thefour

biologistsdiscovered.CamcronR.Currie,aPh.D.studentintheUniversityofToronto,

itseemedtoMr.Currie,resembledthemonoculturesofvarioushumancrops,thatare

veryproductiveforawhileandthensuccumbtosomedisastrouspathogen,suchas

theIrishpotatoblight.Monocultures,whichlackthegeneticdiversitytorespondto

changingenvironmentalthreats,aresittingducksforparasites.Mr.Curriefeltthere

hadtobeaparasiteintheant-fungussystem.Butacenturyofantresearchofferedno

supportfortheidea.Textbooksdescribehowleaf-cutterantsscrupulouslyweedtheir

gardensofallforeignorganisms."Peoplekepttellingme,4Youknowtheantskeep

theirgardensfreeofparasites,don'tyou?'"Mr.Curriesaidofhiseffortstofinda

hiddeninterloper.

E)Butafterthreeyearsofsiftingthroughattineantgardens,Mr.Curriediscovered

theyarcfarfromfreeofinfections.Inlastmonth'sissueoftheProceedingsofthe

NationalAcademyofSciences,heandtwocolleagues,Dr.MuellerandDavid

Mairoch,isolatedseveralalienorganisms,particularlyafamilyofparasiticmolds

calledEscovopsis.Escovopsisturnsouttobeahighlyvirulentpathogenthatcan

devastateafungusgardeninacoupleofdays.Itbloomslikeawhitecloud,withthe

gardendimlyvisibleunderneath.Inadayortwothewholegardenis

enveloped.€40therantswon'tgonearitandtheantsassociatedwiththegardenjust

starvetodeath,"Dr.Rchncrsaid."Theyjustseemtogiveup,exceptfbrthosethat

haverescuedtheirlarvae.”

F)EvidentlytheantsusuallymanagetokeepEscovopsisandotherparasitesunder

conlrol.Butwithanylapseincontrol,oriftheantsareremoved,Escovopsiswill

quicklyburstforth.Althoughnewleaf-cuttergardensstartofffreeofEscovopsis,

withintwoyearssome60percentbecomeinfected.ThediscoveryofEscovopsis's

rolebringsanewlevelofunderstandingtotheevolutionoftheattineants."Inthelast

decade,evolutionarybiologistshavebeenincreasinglyawareoftheroleofparasites

asdrivingforcesinevolution,Dr.Schultzsaid.Thereisnowapossiblereasonto

explainwhythelowerattinespecieskeepchangingthevarietyoffungusintheir

mushroomgardens,andoccasionallydomesticatingnewones—tostayonestep

aheadoftherelentlessEscovopsis.

G)Interestingly,Mr.Curriefoundthattheleaf-cuttershadingeneralfeweralien

moldsintheirgardensthanihelowerattines,yettheyhadmoreEscovopsisinfections.

Itseemsthatthepricetheypayforcultivatingapurevarietyoffungusisahigherrisk

fromEscovopsis.Buttheleaf-cuttersmayhavelittlealternative:theycultivatea

specialvarietyoffunguswhich,unlikethosegrownbythelowerattincs,produces

nutritiousswollentipsfortheantstoeat.

H)Discoveryofathirdpartnerintheant-fungussymbiosisraisesthequestionof

howtheattineants,especiallytheleaf-cutters,keepthisdangerousinterloperunder

control.Amazinglyenough,Mr.Curriehasagainprovidedtheanswer.U4Peoplehave

knownforahundredyearsthatantshaveawhitishgrowthonthecuticle,saidDr.

Mueller,referringtotheinsects?bodysurface."Peoplewouldsaythisislikea

cuticularwax.ButCameronwasthefirstoneinahundredyearstoputthesethings

underamicroscope.Hesawitwasnotinertwax.Itisalive."Mr.Curriediscovereda

specialisedpatchontheants,cuticlethatharborsaparticularkindofbacterium,one

wellknowntothepharmaceuticalindustry,becauseitisthesourceofhalfthe

antibioticsusedinmedicine.Fromeachof22speciesofattineantstudied,

Mr.CameronandcolleaguesisolatedaspeciesofStreptomycesbacterium,they

reportedinNatureinApril.TheStreptomycesdoesnothavemucheffectonordinary

laboratoryfunguses.ButitisapotentpoisonerofEscovopsis,inhibitingitsgrowth

andsuppressingsporeformation.Becauseboththeleaf-cuttersandthelowerattines

useStreptomyces,thebacteriummayhavebeenpartoftheirsymbiosisforalmostas

longastheEscovopsismold.Ifso,someAlexanderFlemingofanantdiscovered

antibioticsmillionsofyearsbeforepeopledid.Evennow,theantsarcaccomplishing

twofeatsbeyondthepowersofhumantechnology.Theleaf-cuttersaregrowinga

monoculturalcropyearafteryearwithoutdisaster,andtheyareusinganantibiotic

apparentlysowiselyandprudentlythat,unlikepeople,theyarenotprovoking

antibioticresistanceinthetargetpathogen.

Questions14-19

Usetheinformationinthepassagetomatchtheoptions(listedA-C)withtheactivities

orfeaturesofantsbelow.

Writetheappropriateletters,A-C,inboxes14-19onyouranswersheet.

NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce.

ALeaf-cuttinJgants

BLowerattineants

CBothleaf-cuttingantsandlowerattineants

14canusetoxicleavestofeedfungusA

15buildsmallnestsandlivewithdifferentforeignfungusB

16usedeadvegetationtofeedfungusB

17raiseasinglefunguswhichdonotlivewithothervarietyofforeignersA

18normallykeepahighlydangerousparasiteundercontrolA

19usespecialstrategiestofightagainstEscovopsisC

Questions20-24

ReadingPassage2haseightparagraphs,A-H.

WhichparagraphcontainsIhefollowinginformation?

Writethecorrectletter,A-H,inboxes20-24onyouranswersheet.

20DangerousoutcomeofEscovopsisE

21RiskofgrowingsinglefungusD

22Comparisonofthefeaturesoftwodifferentnestsforfeedinggardens

23Discoveryofsignificantachievementsmadebyantsearlierthanhuman

24Advantagesofgrowinganewbreedoffungusintheantfarm

Questions25-26

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

Writeyouranswersinboxes25-26onyouranswersheet.

25WhatdocstheauthorthinkofCurrie'sopiniononthesaying“antskeeptheir

gardensfreeofparasites”?A

AHisviewpointwasverifiedlater.

BHisearlierstudyhassufficientevidenceimmediately.

CThereisnodetailmentionedinthearticle.

DHisopinionwasprovedtobewronglateron.

26Whatdidscientistsfindontheskinofantsundermicroscope?C

Asomewhitecloudmoldembedintheirskin

Bthatwaxisallovertheirskin

Casubstancewhichisusefultohumans

Dasubstancewhichsuppressesgrowthofallfungus

题目详解

Questions14-19

14.利用题目细节信息“toxiclcaves,,和“feedfungus''定位于原文段落B末句

44becauseitallowsthemtoeat,courtesyoftheirmushroom'sdigestivepowers,theotherwise

poi-sonedharvestoftropicalforestswhoseleavesareladenwithterpenoids,alkaloidsandother

chemicalsdesignedtosickenbrowsers”。这道题的难点在于找到题目中“feedfungus”所对

应的原文。文中说到"theotherwisepoisonedharvestoftropicalfbrestswhoseleaves

arcladenwithterpenoids,alkaloidsandotherchemicalsdesignedtosickenbrowsers”，既然热带

雨林中的叶子有毒，切叶蚁为什么还要收集而且不会中毒呢？那是因为真菌的消化作用

(mushroom'sdigestivepowers)。此外，文章C段还提到"Theleaf-cuttersusefresh

vegelalion(切叶蚁使用新鲜的植被养活自己的真菌园)”，所以切叶蚁收集有毒的树叶是为了

饲养真菌。因此，正确答案为Ao

15.利用题目细节信息“smallnests“、"different”和“foreign”定位于原文C段第3

句与D段第2句。C段第3theothergroups,knownasthelowerattinesbecausetheir

nestsarcsmallerandtheirTechniquesmoreprimitive”，这里讲的是“它们的巢较小且种植技

术更原始，被称为lowerattines”。原文中的“nestsaresmaller”对应题目中的“small

nests”。但本段未出现题目中的后半部分信息，需要接着往下看。D段第2句“Butihe

lowerattineantsuseddifferentvarietiesofthefungus”,这里说"lowerattine蚂蚁使用不同种

类的真菌”。原文中的“differentvarietiesofthefungus”对应题目中的“differentforeign

fungus”。结合原文内容，此处