陕西省咸阳市2025届高三下学期二模试题 英语 含解析

咸阳市2025年高考模拟检测（二）英语试题注意事项：1．本试卷共10页，全卷满分150分，答题时间为120分钟。2．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。3．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4．考试结束后，监考员将答题卡按顺序收回，装袋整理；试题不回收。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whenwillthemeetingstart?A.At8:45.B.At9:00.C.At9:15.2.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Exchangetheshirt.B.Returntheshirt.C.Buyanewshirt.3.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardsthenewproject?A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Indifferent.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inabookstore.C.Inaclassroom.5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthenewsoftware?A.Easy.B.Difficult.C.Uncertain.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。6.Wherearethespeakersplanningtogofortheirtrip?A.Apopularcity.B.Aremotevillage.C.Aseasidetown.7.Howwillthespeakersgoonthetrip?A.Bycar.B.Bytrain.C.Byplane.8.Whatdoesthemansuggesttheytake?A.Adivingsuit.B.Enoughsnacks.C.Agoodcamera.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。9.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Choosingsomecourses.B.Knowingtheinterests.C.Findingmoreadvisors.10.Whatdoesthemanthinkofcoursesthissemester?A.Boring.B.Appealing.C.Challenging.11.Wherewillthemanprobablygonext?A.Tothehall.B.Totheoffice.C.Tothelab.听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。12.Whatdoesthemanwanttotryfirst?A.Weightlifting.B.Tabletennis.C.Badminton.13.Whydoesthewomanliketabletennis?A.Becauseithelpsbuildmuscle.B.Becauseitmakesherquicker.C.Becauseitimprovesendurance.14.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutbadminton?A.Satisfied.B.Puzzled.C.Concerned.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15.Whoistheman?A.Aninterviewee.B.Anassistant.C.Anorganizer.16.Whatrelevantexperiencedidthemanhave?A.Hetaughtthepracticalskillstoothers.B.Hehadexperienceincomparinggraphs.C.Heonceworkedinadesigncompany.17.Whydoesthemanwantthisjob?A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Togainagoodreputation.C.Todevelopprofessionalskills.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Theimportanceofpottery.B.Thehistoryofpottery.CTheprocessofpottery.19.Whatwasthedailyuseofpotteryinancienttimes?A.Makingsomejewelry.B.Storingfoodandwater.C.Helpingbuildhouses.20.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofthepotterystudy?A.Ithelpsunderstandtheancientlife.B.Ithelpsknowabouttheoldfashion.C.Ithelpsknowaboutancientmedicine.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATraintripsdeliveralittlesliceofeffortlessadventure,transportingtravelersthroughchanginglandscapeswithdiversepeople.Herearefourfavoriterailjourneys:CairotoLuxor,EgyptRoute:CairotoLuxorJourneytime:10hoursThisrailwaylineisafinewaytogettoknowtheancientcivilizations.MostvisitorschoosetotravelonanovernighttrainfromCairo,dozingoffatnight.RiseearlyforriverviewsbeforearrivingatLuxor’sornatestation.EllatoKandyLine,SriLankaRoute:KandytoEllaJourneytime:7hoursTherecanbenobetterwaytogetfromAtoBinSriLanka’scentralhighlandsthanonthistrain.ThistrainisalifelineforlocalsjourneyingfromKandyintothehills,aswellasabeloveddayoutfortravellers.Itpassesthroughteaplantations,farmingfields,andruraltemples.TohokuShinkansen,JapanRoute:TokyotoShinAomoriJourneytime:3hoursJapanwasthebirthplaceofhigh-speedrailbeginningwiththefirst‘bullettrain’in1960s.ThelongestandfastestistheTohokuShinkansen.Travellingat200mphisthatifyoublinkyouriskmissingtheviews—nonetheless,keepyoureyespeeledforglimpsesofKomineCastleandtheleafystreetsofthecity.BerninaExpress,SwitzerlandRoute:ChurtoTiranoJourneytime:4hoursCovering76miles,thisrideontheBerninaExpressmaybeshortbutitispackedwithdramaticscenery—passingthroughtunnels,overbridges,andacrosstheBerninaPass.Thejourneyisagreattrip,particularlystunninginwinter,withsnow-coveredlandscapes.1.WhatisthemainreasonfortouriststochooseEllatoKandyLine,SriLanka?A.Toenjoyhigh-speedtravel. B.Toexperiencelocalculture.CToviewsnowylandscapes. D.Toexperienceancientsites.2.WhenistheBerninaExpressespeciallywonderful?A.Inspring. B.Insummer. C.Inautumn. D.Inwinter.3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Torecommendfourwonderfultrainjourneys.B.Tointroducethehistoryofthedifferentrails.C.Tocomparedifferenttrainroutesaroundtheworld.D.Toadvisereadershowtoplanagoodtrainjourney.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四条备受喜爱的铁路旅行路线，包括每条路线的起点和终点、旅行时间以及沿途的景观和特色。从而向读者提供有关旅游目的地的详细信息，以吸引他们前往旅行。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章EllatoKandyLine,SriLanka部分中的“ThistrainisalifelineforlocalsjourneyingfromKandyintothehills,aswellasabeloveddayoutfortravellers.Itpassesthroughteaplantations,farmingfields,andruraltemples.(这趟火车是当地人从康提前往山区的生命线，也是深受游客喜爱的一日游选择。它会经过茶园、农田和乡村寺庙)”可知，这趟列车是当地人从康提前往山区的生命线，且会经过茶园、农田和乡村寺庙，游客乘坐这趟列车可以体验当地的生活方式、看到当地的农业景观以及宗教场所等，能够很好地体验当地文化。因此，游客选择斯里兰卡埃勒至康提线的主要原因是体验当地文化。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章BerninaExpress,Switzerland部分中的“Thejourneyisagreattrip,particularlystunninginwinter,withsnow-coveredlandscapes.(这是一段很棒的旅程，尤其是在冬季，白雪覆盖的景色令人叹为观止)”可知，伯尔尼纳快车的旅程非常棒，尤其是在冬季，白雪覆盖的风景令人惊叹。所以，伯尔尼纳快车在冬季尤其美妙。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。文章开篇指出“Traintripsdeliveralittlesliceofeffortlessadventure,transportingtravelersthroughchanginglandscapeswithdiversepeople.Herearefourfavoriterailjourneys:(火车旅行能带来一丝毫不费力的冒险体验，载着旅客穿越不断变化的风景，邂逅形形色色的人。以下是四条备受喜爱的铁路之旅)”，表明火车旅行能带来独特体验，接着分别介绍了四条不同的火车旅行线路，包括路线、行程时长以及各自的特色等，所以文章的主要目的是推荐这四条精彩的火车旅行线路。故选A。BLiuYuelai’sjourneybeganintheearly2000swhenhenoticedsomethingtroublinginShanghai’sneighborhoods.Atfirstglance,thecrackedandfadedconcretewallsurroundingarestaurantinXinjiang’scapitalUrumqiseemsanunlikelyplacetofindadynamiccenterofcreativity.Andyetit’sherethatchildren,chefs,retirees,andcollegestudentshavegatheredtopaintflowersandroosters,andplantpeppers,tomatoes,andsoon.This“oasis(绿洲)project”istheoriginalideaofLiuYuelai,aprofessoratTongjiUniversity’sCollegeofArchitectureandUrbanPlanninginShanghai.“Thiscanvas(画布)hasbecomeagatheringareaforabout30Uyghurlocals,”Liuexplains,addingthatthetransformationhasincreasedinteractionsbetweennearbyresidentsaswellasboostedtheneighboringrestaurant’smonthlyearningsfrom120,000yuanto180,000yuan.Liu’svisionwassimpleyetpoweredspaces—likeoldconstructionoutbuildingsoremptyhospitalhallways—intogreen,productiveareaswherepeoplecouldreconnectwithnatureandeachother.Despitefacinginitialresistance,Liupersisted.Today,histeamhascreatedover1,000communitygardensacrossChina.Thesegardenshavebecomemorethanjustgreenspaces—theyareplaceswherecommunitiescometogether.In2022,duringagardenprojectinShanghai,localsgottoknowUncleMa,abicyclerepairmanwhohadlivednearbyforoveradecade.Throughworkingsidebysideinthegarden,theylearnedabouthislifeandevenhelpedhimfindanewjobwhenhefacedunemployment.“Thissmallgardenshowedthecommunity’sstrengthandcare,”Liurecalls.ForLiu,thesegardensarealsoawaytoslowdowninafast-pacedworld.“Naturetellsuswedon’thavetoworkrelentlessly,”hesays.Hisgoalistocreate2,040communitygardensinShanghai,formingagreennetworkthatcovers70%ofthecity’sneighborhoods.Throughhiswork,Liuisplantingseedsofchange,provingthateventhesmallestspacescanfosterconnection,belonging,andhope.4.WhatinspiredLiuYuelaitostartthe“oasisproject”?A.Theobservationoftheneighborhoods. B.Theneedtoboostthetourismindustry.C.Thestrongsupportfromlocalresidents. D.Thehighincomepotentialoftheproject.5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLiuYuelai?A.Cautious. B.Humorous. C.Determined. D.Independent.6.TheauthormentionedtheexampleofUncleMainParagraph3toshow________.A.thegardensarepopularamongrepairmen B.thegardensarebeneficialforpeopleinneedC.thegardenscanhelpcreatejobopportunities D.thegardenscanstrengthencommunitybonds7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.OasisProject:TurningCommunitiesOneGardenataTimeB.OasisProject:TransformingUnusedUrbanCornersCreativelyC.CommunityGardens:TheNewTrendinSuburbanDevelopmentD.CommunityGardens:HowTheyBoostLocalRestaurantIncome【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文围绕刘悦来的“绿洲项目”展开，讲述其将空间变为社区花园，增进社区联系，带来积极改变。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“LiuYuelai’sjourneybeganintheearly2000swhenhenoticedsomethingtroublinginShanghai’sneighborhoods.(刘悦来的历程始于21世纪初，当时他注意到上海社区里一些令人不安的事情。)”以及后面关于“oasis(绿洲)project”的描述可知，是对社区的观察促使刘悦来开始了“绿洲项目”。故选A项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Despitefacinginitialresistance,Liupersisted.(尽管最初面临阻力，刘还是坚持了下来。)”可知，刘悦来在面对困难时没有放弃，而是坚持自己的想法和行动，这体现了他坚定的品质。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thesegardenshavebecomemorethanjustgreenspaces—theyareplaceswherecommunitiescometogether.In2022,duringagardenprojectinShanghai,localsgottoknowUncleMa,abicyclerepairmanwhohadlivednearbyforoveradecade.Throughworkingsidebysideinthegarden,theylearnedabouthislifeandevenhelpedhimfindanewjobwhenhefacedunemployment.‘Thissmallgardenshowedthecommunity’sstrengthandcare,’Liurecalls.(这些花园已经不仅仅是绿色空间——它们是社区成员聚集在一起的地方。2022年，在上海的一个花园项目中，当地人认识了在附近住了十多年的自行车修理工马叔叔。通过在花园里并肩工作，他们了解了他的生活，甚至在他面临失业时帮他找到了一份新工作。‘这个小花园展示了社区的力量和关怀，’刘回忆道。)”可知，作者提到马叔叔的例子是为了说明这些花园可以加强社区成员之间的联系，让社区更有凝聚力。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了刘悦来发起的“绿洲项目”，把一些未充分利用的空间变成社区花园，这些花园不仅是绿色空间，还成为了社区成员聚集、交流、互助的地方，改变了社区。所以A项OasisProject:TurningCommunitiesOneGardenataTime(绿洲项目：一次一个花园地改变社区)既提到了“绿洲项目”，又突出了该项目对社区的改变，符合文意，适合作标题。故选A项。CArtificialintelligence,onceatheoreticalconcept,hasquicklybecomeadominantforceinthetechnologicallandscape.Injusttwoyears,AI-driventoolslikeChatGPTandDoubaohavemovedfromexperimentaltoessential,weavingtheirwayintoourwork,homes,andevenoursocialmediafeeds.Similarly,OpenAI’sDALL-E,anAIprogramcapableofgeneratingdetailedimagesandartfromtextualdescriptions,hasledtoaglobalconversationaboutthecreativepossibilitiesandpotentialpitfallsofAI.Asthesetechnologiescontinuetoadvance,theconversationunavoidablyturnstoregulation.TherehasbeenagrowingawarenessthatthepaceofAIinnovationmustbematchedwiththoughtfulgovernancetoensureitservesthepublicgoodwhileminimizingharm.MarzyehGhassemi,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScienceattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),pointedoutthatthequestionofwhetherornotAIshouldberegulatedisnotoneofpossibilitybutofnecessity.Intheabsenceofregulation,thereisarealriskthatAIcoulddevelopinwaysthatareinconsistentwithhumanvaluesandsocietalnorms,leadingtounintendedconsequences.IntermsofAIregulation,ElectricalandElectronicsEngineers(IEEE)1012standard,alsoknownastheIEEEStandardforSystemservesasaroadmapforaddressingthevariedrisksassociatedwithemergingAItechnologies.ItsapproachcanbeadaptedtoAIsystems.ByfollowingtheIEEE1012standard,regulatorsandindustryprofessionalscansystematicallyassessandcontroltheriskslyinginAIapplications,pavingthewayforsaferandmorereliabletechnologyemployment.ProfessorShenWeixingfromtheLawSchoolofTsinghuaUniversityassumesthatpolicymakersshouldencouragetheevolutionoftheIEEE1012standarditselftoaddressmoreAI-specificissuesandkeepupwiththerapidlydevelopinglandscapeofAItechnologies.Bydoingso,theycanhelpcreatearegulatoryenvironmentthatnotonlyprotectsconsumersandthepublicbutalsofostersinnovationandgrowthwithintheAIsector.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pitfalls”inParagraph2mean?A.Failures. B.Advantages. C.Dangers. D.Opportunities.9.WhyisAIregulationnecessaryaccordingtoMarzyehGhassemi?A.BecauseAIwithoutregulationmaygoagainstmorality.B.BecauseAItechnologiesdeveloptoorapidlytocontrol.C.BecauseAIdevelopmentmayconflictwithhumanrights.D.BecauseAIinnovationmustbefasterthanitsgovernance.10.WhatdoweknowaboutIEEE1012standard?A.Itcangeneratedetailedimagesandartworks.B.IthassolvedallAI-specificissuescompletely.C.IthelpsregulatorscontrolrisksinAIapplications.D.Itisafixedrulethatcan’tbeadaptedtoAIsystems.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.TheurgencyofAIregulationduetoitsseriousconsequences.BTheimportanceofAIregulationandrelevantstandards.C.ThechallengesinAIregulationstandardimprovement.D.TheIEEE1012’sroleinAIinnovationandregulation.【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是AI技术的快速发展及其带来的创造性潜力与风险，强调了监管的重要性和相关标准的作用。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“TherehasbeenagrowingawarenessthatthepaceofAIinnovationmustbematchedwiththoughtfulgovernancetoensureitservesthepublicgoodwhileminimizingharm.(人们越来越意识到，人工智能创新的步伐必须与深思熟虑的治理相匹配，以确保其服务于公共利益，同时将危害降到最低)”可知，人们意识到需要对AI进行监管，确保其服务于公共利益，同时将危害降到最低，结合划线句子所在的句子“Similarly,OpenAI’sDALL-E,anAIprogramcapableofgeneratingdetailedimagesandartfromtextualdescriptions,hasledtoaglobalconversationaboutthecreativepossibilitiesandpotential…ofAI.(同样，OpenAI的DALL-E是一种能够根据文本描述生成详细图像和艺术作品的人工智能程序，它引发了关于人工智能创造性潜力及其潜在……的全球讨论)”可知，此处讲述的是OpenAI引发了人们对人工智能创造性潜力及其潜在危害的全球讨论，所以划线单词的意思与“危害”意义相近。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Intheabsenceofregulation,thereisarealriskthatAIcoulddevelopinwaysthatareinconsistentwithhumanvaluesandsocietalnorms,leadingtounintendedconsequences.(在缺乏监管的情况下，人工智能可能会以不符合人类价值观和社会规范的方式发展，从而导致意外后果)”可知，缺乏监管的人工智能可能会违背人类价值观和社会规范，从而导致意外后果，由此可知，MarzyehGhassemi认为人工智能监管是必要的，因为没有监管的人工智能可能会违背道德。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ByfollowingtheIEEE1012standard,regulatorsandindustryprofessionalscansystematicallyassessandcontroltheriskslyinginAIapplications,pavingthewayforsaferandmorereliabletechnologyemployment.(通过遵循IEEE1012标准，监管机构和行业专业人士可以系统地评估和控制人工智能应用中的风险，为更安全、更可靠的技术应用铺平道路)”可知，IEEE1012标准有助于监管机构控制人工智能应用中的风险。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中的“Asthesetechnologiescontinuetoadvance,theconversationunavoidablyturnstoregulation.(随着这些技术的不断进步，不可避免地引发了对监管的讨论)”以及第三段中引用了麻省理工学院副教授马尔齐赫·加塞米的观点，强调了对人工智能进行监管的必要性，同时在第四段和第五段中详细介绍了IEEE1012标准如何帮助系统地评估和控制人工智能应用中的风险，从而推动更安全、更可靠的技术应用，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是强调人工智能监管及其相关标准的重要性，以确保技术的安全性和可靠性，同时促进创新和发展。故选B项。DArecentstudypublishedinNatureMedicinehasrevealedthatmicroplasticsandnanoplastics(纳米塑料)(MNPs)accumulateathigherlevelsinthehumanbrainthanintheliverandkidneys.Moreover,individualsdiagnosedwithdementia(痴呆)hadevenhigherlevelsofMNPsintheirbrains.MNPs,invisibletothenakedeye,originatefromlargerplasticproducts,animaltissuesandtheair,withindoorairoftencontainingmoreMNPsthanoutdoorair.Whenbreathedin,thesetinyparticlescantravelthroughthebodyandaccumulateinorganssuchasthelungs,bloodvessels,andbonemarrow.Alarmingly,evenlargerMNPscanpassthroughtheblood-brainbarrierandenterthebrain.BecausethesubstancebreathedinthroughthenoseallowsMNPstoreachtheolfactorybulb(嗅球),apartofthebrainthatprocessessmell,providingamoredirectroutetothebrain.Thestudyexamined52humanbrain,liver,andkidneysamplesfrom2016and2024.Theresultshowedthatbrainandliversamplesfrom2024hadsignificantlyhigherconcentrationsofMNPscomparedtothosefrom2016.Overall,brainsamplescontained7to30timesmoreMNPsthanliverandkidneysamples.Accordingtothefindings,theresearcherssuggestdramaticallyincreasingconcentrationsofMNPsinourhomes,airandwatercouldbetoblame.ThestudyalsofoundthatMNPslevelswere3to5timeshigherinthebrainsofindividualswithdementia.However,theresearchersemphasizethatthisdoesnotnecessarilymeanMNPscausedementia,butithighlightsanassociationthatrequiresfurtherstudy.Additionally,MNPscanacceleratethespreadofstomachcancercells.Whileitisimpossibletocompletelyavoidexposuretoplastics,Kasteel,aprofessorofthestudy,suggeststhatindividualscanmakesmallchoicestoreducetheirexposure.Scientistsarealsoworkingonsolutionstominimizemicroplasticsintheenvironmentthroughmeasuressuchasapplyingtheprecautionaryprincipleanddevelopingstrategiestolowerexposure,potentiallypreventingcertainhealthrisks.12.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Byanalyzingcauses. B.Byclassifyingdates.C.Byfollowingorders. D.Bycomparingfigures.13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMNPsisincorrect?A.MNPsmaybefoundinmarineanimals. B.MNPscandirectlyenterhuman’sbrain.C.MNPscanseriouslyresultindementia. D.MNPsmayacceleratestomachcancer.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheaccumulationofMNPsinthehumanbrain?A.Dismissive. B.Optimistic. C.Supportive. D.Concerned.15.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Aresearchplan. B.Asciencereport. C.Ahealthleaflet. D.Aneducationpaper.【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是微塑料和纳米塑料在人体内积累的情况，及其对健康的影响和潜在风险。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thestudyexamined52humanbrain,liver,andkidneysamplesfrom2016and2024.Theresultshowedthatbrainandliversamplesfrom2024hadsignificantlyhigherconcentrationsofMNPscomparedtothosefrom2016.Overall,brainsamplescontained7to30timesmoreMNPsthanliverandkidneysamples.(该研究分析了2016年和2024年的52份人类脑、肝和肾样本。结果显示，2024年的脑和肝样本中MNPs的浓度显著高于2016年的样本。总体而言，脑样本中的MNPs含量比肝和肾样本高出7到30倍)”可知，第三段主要通过比较数据来展开内容。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Moreover,individualsdiagnosedwithdementiahadevenhigherlevelsofMNPsintheirbrains.(此外，被诊断患有痴呆症的个体，其大脑中的MNPs水平甚至更高)”以及第四段中的“However,theresearchersemphasizethatthisdoesnotnecessarilymeanMNPscausedementia,butithighlightsanassociationthatrequiresfurtherstudy.(然而，研究人员强调，这并不一定意味着MNPs会导致痴呆症，但它表明了一种需要进一步研究的关联)”可知，患有痴呆症的个体的大脑中MNPs水平甚至更高，但是并不一定意味着MNPs会导致痴呆症，所以C选项“MNPscanseriouslyresultindementia.(MNPs可能会严重导致痴呆症)”的说法是不正确。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Alarmingly,evenlargerMNPscanpassthroughtheblood-brainbarrierandenterthebrain.BecausethesubstancebreathedinthroughthenoseallowsMNPstoreachtheolfactorybulb(嗅球),apartofthebrainthatprocessessmell,providingamoredirectroutetothebrain.(令人担忧的是，即使是较大的MNPs也能穿过血脑屏障进入大脑。因为通过鼻子吸入的物质可以让MNPs到达处理嗅觉的大脑部位——嗅球，从而为MNPs提供了更直接进入大脑的途径)”以及尾段中的“Whileitisimpossibletocompletelyavoidexposuretoplastics,Kasteel,aprofessorofthestudy,suggeststhatindividualscanmakesmallchoicestoreducetheirexposure.(尽管完全避免接触塑料是不可能的，但参与研究的教授卡斯蒂尔建议，个人可以做出一些小的选择来减少暴露)”可知，此处介绍了MNPs对人体健康的潜在危害，并呼吁减少暴露和采取预防措施，由此可知，作者对此问题持担忧态度。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ArecentstudypublishedinNatureMedicinehasrevealedthatmicroplasticsandnanoplastics(纳米塑料)(MNPs)accumulateathigherlevelsinthehumanbrainthanintheliverandkidneys.(最近发表在《自然医学》上的一项研究表明，微塑料和纳米塑料（MNPs）在人脑中的积累量高于在肝脏和肾脏中的积累量)”以及下文中介绍的MNPs的来源、危害以及可能的解决方案可知，本文适合出现在科学报告中。故选B项。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Fromnewsemi-privatepetairplanestoroadtrips,thisiseverythingpetparentsshouldconsiderbeforehittingtheroad.Catsanddogsarenotjustpets.___16___So,notsurprisingly,morepetparentswanttobringtheirfurryfriendsalongwhentheytravel.Ifyou’renotsurewhethertobringyourpetalongwhiletraveling,theseanimalandtravelexpertsoffersomehelpfulguidance.Putyourpet’swell-beingfirst.Thoughyoumaybeexcitedatthesceneofbringingyourdoggyorkittyalongforthejourney,yourpetmaynotfeelthesameway.___17___Thisisespeciallytrueforseniorpetsorthosewithexistingmedicalissues.Youknowyourpetbest,butit’salwaysagoodideatogetintouchwithyourvet,saysLilianWong,aveterinarianandclinicalskillsinstructoratOregonStateUniversity’sCarlsonCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine.___18___Ifyou’vedecidedtobringyourpetalong,thenextdecisionishowtoreachyourdesireddestination.Ifpossible,Wongrecommendsroad-tripping.“Youcantakeasmanybreaksasyouandyourpetneed,”shesays.“Youcandrivetoanearbyvethospitalifthereisamedicalemergency.Whenyouaretravelingonaplane,youdon’thavethatflexibility.”Drivingisn’talwayspossibleorpractical,soyoumightlookintoflying.Inaddition,mostairlinescanonlyaccommodateahandfulofpetsperflight.___19___PrepareMentally.Acommonphrasethattravelprofessionalsoftensayis“___20___"Thissayingisespeciallytruewhentravelingwithpets,whichareliving,breathingandnaughtycreatureswithmindsoftheirown.Gointothetripwithamindsetthatatleastonethingwillgowrong,alwaystakeiteasyandstaycalm.Whatisnecessaryistohaveabackupplan.Setyourexpectationsappropriatelysoyoudon’tbecomefrustratedordisappointedanddomoreresearchthanyouthinkisnecessary.APackyourpatience.B.Planapet-friendlyjourney.C.Considerthemodeoftravel.D.Travelcouldbeharmfultotheirhealth.E.Sobookearlyandcalltoensurethere’saspotforyourpet.F.Theselovable,four-leggedcreatureshavebecomeourclosestcompanions.G.Someanimalshaveanadventurousspiritandlovetotravelwhileothersdon’t.【答案】16.F17.D18.C19.E20.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文围绕携宠旅行展开，从宠物健康、出行方式、心理准备等方面，为宠物家长提供实用指导。【16题详解】根据上文“Catsanddogsarenotjustpets.(猫和狗不仅仅是宠物)”可知，此处强调猫和狗的特殊性。F选项Theselovable,four-leggedcreatureshavebecomeourclosestcompanions.(这些可爱的四条腿的生物已经成为我们最亲密的伙伴)进一步说明了猫和狗在人们生活中的重要地位，与上文衔接紧密，解释了它们不只是宠物，经成为亲密伙伴。故选F。【17题详解】根据上文“Thoughyoumaybeexcitedatthesceneofbringingyourdoggyorkittyalongforthejourney,yourpetmaynotfeelthesameway.(尽管你可能会为带着你的小狗或小猫一起旅行的场景感到兴奋，但你的宠物可能不会有同样的感觉)”可知，这里强调了主人和宠物对于旅行感受的差异。结合下文“Thisisespeciallytrueforseniorpetsorthosewithexistingmedicalissues.(这对于老年宠物或那些有现有健康问题的宠物来说尤其如此)”可知，旅行可能对宠物造成伤害，尤其是老年或有健康问题的宠物。D项“旅行可能对他们的健康有害”符合语境。故选D。【18题详解】根据下文“Ifyou’vedecidedtobringyourpetalong,thenextdecisionishowtoreachyourdesireddestination.Ifpossible,Wongrecommendsroad-tripping.(如果你决定带上你的宠物，下一个决定就是如何到达你想去的目的地。如果可能的话，王建议公路旅行)”可知，这一段主要在讲带宠物旅行时要考虑的出行方式。C选项Considerthemodeoftravel.(考虑旅行的方式。)能够概括这一段的主旨。故选C。【19题详解】根据上文“Drivingisn’talwayspossibleorpractical,soyoumightlookintoflying.Inaddition,mostairlinescanonlyaccommodateahandfulofpetsperflight.(开车并不总是可行或实际的，所以你可能会考虑坐飞机。此外，大多数航空公司每个航班只能容纳少数几只宠物)”可知，因为航班能容纳的宠物数量有限，所以要提前预订。E选项Sobookearlyandcalltoensurethere’saspotforyourpet.(所以要早点预订并打电话确保有你宠物的位置)符合语境，是对前面信息的合理推断和总结。故选E。【20题详解】根据下文“Thissayingisespeciallytruewhentravelingwithpets,whichareliving,breathingandnaughtycreatureswithmindsoftheirown.Gointothetripwithamindsetthatatleastonethingwillgowrong,alwaystakeiteasyandstaycalm.(当和宠物一起旅行时，这句话尤其正确，宠物是有生命、会呼吸且调皮的生物，它们有自己的想法。带着至少会有一件事出错的心态去旅行，总是要放轻松并保持冷静)”可知，和宠物旅行时要保持耐心。A选项Packyourpatience.(带上你的耐心)符合语境，是对下文内容的概括。故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThesmalltownofMillfieldwasknownforitstightlyknit(编织)community.Everyyear,theyheldaharvestfestival,atimewheneveryonecametogetherto___21___thefruitsoftheirlabor.Butthisyear,asenseof___22___cloudedthetown.Thelong-awaitednewfactory,whichwassupposedtobringjobsanddevelopment,hadbeen___23___duetounforeseenenvironmentalissues.Emily,ayoungandambitious___24___fromthelocalpaper,decidedtodigdeeperintothestoryandbelievedtheremustbeawayto___25___thesituation.Emilystartedbyinterviewingthefactoryowners.Theywerefrustratedbut___26___.“We’veinvestedsomuchinthisproject,”saidMr.Thompson,theCEO,“butwe___27___theimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.”Emilythenturnedtotheenvironmentalists.Theywere___28___aboutthefactory’spotentialimpactonthenearbyriver.“Theriveristhe___29___ofourtown,”saidDr.Green,anenvironmentalscientist.“Any___30___toitcouldbedisastrous.”AsEmilycontinuedherresearch,shefoundthattherewerealternativetechnologiesthatthefactorycould___31___toreduceitsenvironmentalfootprintandwroteaseriesofarticles___32___thesesolutions,hopingtosparkadialoguebetweenthetwosides.Thearticleshadanimmediate___33___.Representativesfromthefactory,theenvironmentalists,andthelocalgovernment___34___tofindacompromise.Thefestivalthatyear___35___anewmeaning.Itwasnotjustacelebrationofthecropsbutalsoacelebrationofthecommunity’sstrength.21.A.assess B.yield C.distribute D.observe22.A.excitement B.relief C.anxiety D.pride23.A.founded B.suspended C.completed D.expanded24.A.secretary B.passenger C.journalist D.conductor25.A.tackle B.accept C.maintain D.ignore26.A.strong-willed B.bloody-minded C.good-intended D.well-trained27.A.overestimate B.recognize C.concentrate D.investigate28.A.crazy B.curious C.worried D.enthusiastic29.A.boundary B.future C.memory D.lifeblood30.A.attention B.damage C.access D.reference31.A.adopt B.reject C.adapt D.abandon32.A.opposing B.dismissing C.presenting D.hiding33.A.comment B.impact C.session D.profile34.A.refused B.failed C.hesitated D.gathered35A.tookon B.turnedinto C.leftout D.headedoff【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.C25.A26.A27.B28.C29.D30.B31.A32.C33.B34.D35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。小镇新工厂因环境问题搁置，记者艾米丽推动多方对话找到解决办法，让丰收节有了新意义。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析：句意：每年，他们都会举办丰收节，这是每个人聚在一起庆祝他们劳动成果的时候。A.assess评估；B.yield出产；C.distribute分配；D.observe观察，庆祝。根据上文“aharvestfestival”以及语境可知，丰收节是用来庆祝劳动成果的，observe有“庆祝”之意，符合语境。故选D项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析：句意：但今年，一种焦虑的情绪笼罩着这个小镇。A.excitement兴奋；B.relief宽慰；C.anxiety焦虑；D.pride骄傲。根据上文“ThesmalltownofMillfieldwasknownforitstightlyknit( 编织 )community.Everyyear,theyheldaharvestfestival,”和表示转折的But可知，几年节日期间小镇居民感到焦虑，anxiety符合语境。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析：句意：期待已久的新工厂，本应带来就业和发展，由于不可预见的环境问题被搁置了。A.found