全国英语等级考试五级(PETS5)历年真题三

全国英语等级考试五级(PETS5)历年真题三

根据以下材料，回答31-31题(江南博哥)

Amongtheraftofbooks,articles,jokes,romanticcomedies,serf-help

guidesandotherwrit-ingsdiscussingmarriage,somefamiliarideas

oftencropup.Fewappearmoreoftenthanthe(31)thatmany

oldcoupleslookalike.Youhaveprobablyseenitbefore-twoelderly

peoplewalkinghand-in-ha.riddownthestreetorsittingatacafe,

(32)eachothersostronglythattheycouldbesiblings.Do

thesecouplesactuallylookalike,andif(33),whathascaused

themtodevelop

thisway?

AstudypublishedintheMarch2006issueofPersonalityandIndividual

Differencesmayhavethe(34)Twenty-twopeople,divided

equally(35)maleandfemale,(36)inthestudy.

Theywereaskedtojudgethelooks,personalitiesandagesof160

marriedcouples.Theparticipantsviewedphotographsofmenand

womenseparatelyandwere

(37)toldwhowasmarriedto(38)Thesubjects

consistentlyjudgedpeoplewhoweremarried(39)being

similar(40)appearanceandpersonality.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatcoupleswhohadbeentogetherlonger

appeared(41)similar.

Thisresult(42)itselfmaynot-seemsurprising,butthestudy

alsoofferedsomean-swerson(43)couplesmaylookalike.To

start,considerthatlifeexperiencescanendup(44)reflected

physically.Someone(45)

ishappyandsmilesmorewilldevel-opthefacialmusclesandwrinkles

relatedtosmiling.Theyearsofexperienceofanelderlycouple's

marriage,happy(46)not,wouldthenbereflectedin

their(47)_________

Geneticinfluencesare(48)factor.Apaststudyshowedthat

geneticallysimilarpeoplehavebettermarriages.Suchfamilieshave

(49)incidentsofchildabuseandalow-errateof

miscarriages.Peoplealsoappeartobemoreselfless

(50)involvedwithgeneti-callysimilarpartners.

31［填空题］查看材料

参考解析：

idea

【精析】上文有提示somefamiliarideasoftencropup,所以此

空应填idea:

参考译文

在众多书籍中，如文章，笑话，浪漫喜剧，自助手册及其他作品都谈

论到了婚姻，一些相似的观点常常出现。很少会有比老夫妻看起来很

像这个观点出现还频繁的。你很可能看过这种现象：两个老人手拉手

走在街上或坐在咖啡馆里，看起来像兄妹那样相像。这些夫妻真的很

像吗?如果是这样，是什么使他们变得相像？

在2006年3月发表的关于《个性与个体差异》的课题研究上给出了

答案。参与调查的22人被按照男女进行了平均分配。他们被要求判

断i60对已婚夫妻的长相，个性和年龄。在不告知谁和谁是夫妻的情

况下，参与者分别观看男女的照片。这些受试者一贯根据长相和个性

判断他们是否为夫妻。调查者也发现夫妻一起生活的时间越长就越相

像。

这个结果本身并不让人惊讶，但这项研究也为夫妻为何相像提供了一

些答案。刚开始，生活经历最终可能会反映在身体上。开心和经常微

笑的人因为笑容的关系会改变他的面部肌肉和皱纹。一对老夫妻的多

年生活经历，无论开心与否，都会在他们脸上反映出来。

基因的影响是另一因素。过去的一项研究表明基因相似的人拥有更美

满的婚姻。这些家庭也更少出现虐待儿童的现象，离婚率也更低。当

与有相似基因的伴侣在一起时，人们也会变得更加无私。

32［填空题］

参考解析：

resembling

【精析】文章欲要表达很相像的意思，所以应填resemble,根据前

后一致原则应变为

resembling0

33［填空题］

参考解析：

so

【精析】联系下文可知道表达"如果这样”的意思，所以填S。。

34［填空题］

参考解析：

answer

【精析】《个性与个体差异》的课题研究给出了答案易填出

answer0

35［填空题］

参考解析：

between

【精析】此处是表示"在…中"，是between…and的固定结构。

36［填空题］

参考解析：

participated

【精析】participatein表示参与调查研究的意思，调查研究发生在

以前，所以填过去时。

37［填空题］

参考解析：

not

【精析】参与者是在不被告诉谁与谁结婚的情况下看的照片，故填

noto

38［填空题］

参考解析：

whom

【精析】意思是谁与谁结婚，又为介词接宾语，故填

towhomo

39［填空题］

参考解析：

as

【精析】本句意为根据个性和长相判断所以填as,as有依照之意。

40［填空题］

参考解析：

in

【精析】固定短语意为"在…方面相似"，故填

besimilarinin0

41［填空题］

参考解析：

more

【精析】一起生活越久就会越相似，根据longer可知需要填比较级

moreo

42［填空题］

参考解析：

in

【精析】表示"以其本身而言,本质上"的意思,故填

initselfin0

43［填空题］

参考解析：

why

【精析】联系上下文以得出这里是说"研究也为夫妻为何相像提供了

一些答案"，表示为何，这里只能用

why0

44［填空题］

参考解析：

being

【精析】表被动应填而故填

be,endupdoing,being0

45［填空题］

参考解析：

who

【精析】定语从句。先行词为someone,故填wh。。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答46-46题

Amongtheraftofbooks,articles,jokes,romanticcomedies,serf-help

guidesandotherwrit-ingsdiscussingmarriage,somefamiliarideas

oftencropup.Fewappearmoreoftenthanthe(31)thatmany

oldcoupleslookalike.Youhaveprobablyseenitbefore-twoelderly

peoplewalkinghand-in-ha.riddownthestreetorsittingatacafe,

(32)eachothersostronglythattheycouldbesiblings.Do

thesecouplesactuallylookalike,andif(33),whathascaused

themtodevelop

thisway?

AstudypublishedintheMarch2006issueofPersonalityandIndividual

Differencesmayhavethe(34)Twenty-twopeople,divided

equally(35)maleandfemale,(36)inthestudy.

Theywereaskedtojudgethelooks,personalitiesandagesof160

marriedcouples.Theparticipantsviewedphotographsofmenand

womenseparatelyandwere

(37)toldwhowasmarriedto(38)Thesubjects

consistentlyjudgedpeoplewhoweremarried(39)being

similar(40)appearanceandpersonality.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatcoupleswhohadbeentogetherlonger

appeared(41)similar.

Thisresult(42)itselfmaynot-seemsurprising,butthestudy

alsoofferedsomean-swerson(43)couplesmaylookalike.To

start,considerthatlifeexperiencescanendup(44)reflected

physically.Someone(45)

ishappyandsmilesmorewilldevel-opthefacialmusclesandwrinkles

relatedtosmiling.Theyearsofexperienceofanelderlycouple's

marriage,happy(46)not,wouldthenbereflectedin

their(47)_________

Geneticinfluencesare(48)factor.Apaststudyshowedthat

geneticallysimilarpeoplehavebettermarriages.Suchfamilieshave

(49)incidentsofchildabuseandalow-errateof

miscarriages.Peoplealsoappeartobemoreselfless

(50)involvedwithgeneti-callysimilarpartners.

46［填空题］查看材料

参考解析：

or

［精析］happyornot,表无论开心与否。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答47-47题

Amongtheraftofbooks,articles,jokes,romanticcomedies,serf-help

guidesandotherwrit-ingsdiscussingmarriage,somefamiliarideas

oftencropup.Fewappearmoreoftenthanthe(31)thatmany

oldcoupleslookalike.Youhaveprobablyseenitbefore-twoelderly

peoplewalkinghand-in-ha.riddownthestreetorsittingatacafe,

(32)eachothersostronglythattheycouldbesiblings.Do

thesecouplesactuallylookalike,andif(33),whathascaused

themtodevelop

thisway?

AstudypublishedintheMarch2006issueofPersonalityandIndividual

Differencesmayhavethe(34)Twenty-twopeople,divided

equally(35)maleandfemale,(36)inthestudy.

Theywereaskedtojudgethelooks,personalitiesandagesof160

marriedcouples.Theparticipantsviewedphotographsofmenand

womenseparatelyandwere

(37)toldwhowasmarriedto(38)Thesubjects

consistentlyjudgedpeoplewhoweremarried(39)being

similar(40)appearanceandpersonality.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatcoupleswhohadbeentogetherlonger

appeared(41)similar.

Thisresult(42)itselfmaynot-seemsurprising,butthestudy

alsoofferedsomean-swerson(43)couplesmaylookalike.To

start,considerthatlifeexperiencescanendup(44)reflected

physically.Someone(45)

ishappyandsmilesmorewilldevel-opthefacialmusclesandwrinkles

relatedtosmiling.Theyearsofexperienceofanelderlycouple's

marriage,happy(46)not,wouldthenbereflectedin

their(47)_________

Geneticinfluencesare(48)factor.Apaststudyshowedthat

geneticallysimilarpeoplehavebettermarriages.Suchfamilieshave

(49)incidentsofchildabuseandalow-errateof

miscarriages.Peoplealsoappeartobemoreselfless

(50)involvedwithgeneti-callysimilarpartners.

47［填空题］查看材料

参考解析：

faces

【精析】由上文developthefacialmuscles可得出答案为face,

又因为此空前面的所以这里要用复数

their,faces0

材料题

根据以下材料，回答48-48题

Amongtheraftofbooks,articles,jokes,romanticcomedies,serf-help

guidesandotherwrit-ingsdiscussingmarriage,somefamiliarideas

oftencropup.Fewappearmoreoftenthanthe(31)thatmany

oldcoupleslookalike.Youhaveprobablyseenitbefore-twoelderly

peoplewalkinghand-in-ha.riddownthestreetorsittingatacafe,

(32)eachothersostronglythattheycouldbesiblings.Do

thesecouplesactuallylookalike,andif(33),whathascaused

themtodevelop

thisway?

AstudypublishedintheMarch2006issueofPersonalityandIndividual

Differencesmayhavethe(34)Twenty-twopeople,divided

equally(35)maleandfemale,(36)inthestudy.

Theywereaskedtojudgethelooks,personalitiesandagesof160

marriedcouples.Theparticipantsviewedphotographsofmenand

womenseparatelyandwere

(37)toldwhowasmarriedto(38)Thesubjects

consistentlyjudgedpeoplewhoweremarried(39)being

similar(40)appearanceandpersonality.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatcoupleswhohadbeentogetherlonger

appeared(41)similar.

Thisresult(42)itselfmaynot-seemsurprising,butthestudy

alsoofferedsomean-swerson(43)couplesmaylookalike.To

start,considerthatlifeexperiencescanendup(44)reflected

physically.Someone(45)

ishappyandsmilesmorewilldevel-opthefacialmusclesandwrinkles

relatedtosmiling.Theyearsofexperienceofanelderlycouple's

marriage,happy(46)not,wouldthenbereflectedin

their(47)_________

Geneticinfluencesare(48)factor.Apaststudyshowedthat

geneticallysimilarpeoplehavebettermarriages.Suchfamilieshave

(49)incidentsofchildabuseandalow-errateof

miscarriages.Peoplealsoappeartobemoreselfless

(50)involvedwithgeneti-callysimilarpartners.

48［填空题］查看材料

参考解析：

another

【精析】联系上文可知lifeexperiences是一个因素，那么基因的影

响是另一个因素，故填another。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答49-49题

Amongtheraftofbooks,articles,jokes,romanticcomedies,serf-help

guidesandotherwrit-ingsdiscussingmarriage,somefamiliarideas

oftencropup.Fewappearmoreoftenthanthe(31)thatmany

oldcoupleslookalike.Youhaveprobablyseenitbefore-twoelderly

peoplewalkinghand-in-ha.riddownthestreetorsittingatacafe,

(32)eachothersostronglythattheycouldbesiblings.Do

thesecouplesactuallylookalike,andif(33),whathascaused

themtodevelop

thisway?

AstudypublishedintheMarch2006issueofPersonalityandIndividual

Differencesmayhavethe(34)Twenty-twopeople,divided

equally(35)maleandfemale,(36)inthestudy.

Theywereaskedtojudgethelooks,personalitiesandagesof160

marriedcouples.Theparticipantsviewedphotographsofmenand

womenseparatelyandwere

(37)toldwhowasmarriedto(38)Thesubjects

consistentlyjudgedpeoplewhoweremarried(39)being

similar(40)appearanceandpersonality.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatcoupleswhohadbeentogetherlonger

appeared(41)similar.

Thisresult(42)itselfmaynot-seemsurprising,butthestudy

alsoofferedsomean-swerson(43)couplesmaylookalike.To

start,considerthatlifeexperiencescanendup(44)reflected

physically.Someone(45)

ishappyandsmilesmorewilldevel-opthefacialmusclesandwrinkles

relatedtosmiling.Theyearsofexperienceofanelderlycouple's

marriage,happy(46)not,wouldthenbereflectedin

their(47)_________

Geneticinfluencesare(48)factor.Apaststudyshowedthat

geneticallysimilarpeoplehavebettermarriages.Suchfamilieshave

(49)incidentsofchildabuseandalow-errateof

miscarriages.Peoplealsoappeartobemoreselfless

(50)involvedwithgeneti-callysimilarpartners.

49［填空题］查看材料

参考解析：

fewer

【精析】本句意为基因相近的人结婚会较少发生虐待儿童的现象，由

lower可知应填比较级，故填fewer。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答50-50题

Amongtheraftofbooks,articles,jokes,romanticcomedies,serf-help

guidesandotherwrit-ingsdiscussingmarriage,somefamiliarideas

oftencropup.Fewappearmoreoftenthanthe(31)thatmany

oldcoupleslookalike.Youhaveprobablyseenitbefore-twoelderly

peoplewalkinghand-in-ha.riddownthestreetorsittingatacafe,

(32)eachothersostronglythattheycouldbesiblings.Do

thesecouplesactuallylookalike,andif(33),whathascaused

themtodevelop

thisway?

AstudypublishedintheMarch2006issueofPersonalityandIndividual

Differencesmayhavethe(34)Twenty-twopeople,divided

equally(35)maleandfemale,(36)inthestudy.

Theywereaskedtojudgethelooks,personalitiesandagesof160

marriedcouples.Theparticipantsviewedphotographsofmenand

womenseparatelyandwere

(37)toldwhowasmarriedto(38)Thesubjects

consistentlyjudgedpeoplewhoweremarried(39)being

similar(40)appearanceandpersonality.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatcoupleswhohadbeentogetherlonger

appeared(41)similar.

Thisresult(42)itselfmaynot-seemsurprising,butthestudy

alsoofferedsomean-swerson(43)couplesmaylookalike.To

start,considerthatlifeexperiencescanendup(44)reflected

physically.Someone(45)

ishappyandsmilesmorewilldevel-opthefacialmusclesandwrinkles

relatedtosmiling.Theyearsofexperienceofanelderlycouple's

marriage,happy(46)not,wouldthenbereflectedin

their(47)_________

Geneticinfluencesare(48)factor.Apaststudyshowedthat

geneticallysimilarpeoplehavebettermarriages.Suchfamilieshave

(49)incidentsofchildabuseandalow-errateof

miscarriages.Peoplealsoappeartobemoreselfless

(50)involvedwithgeneti-callysimilarpartners.

50［填空题］查看材料

参考解析：

when

【精析】本句意思为当与有相似基因的伴侣在一块时，故填

when0

材料题

根据以下材料，回答51-51题

66.

SocratestellsthestoryofThales,whowasbysomeaccountsthefirst

philosopher.Hewaslookingsointentlyatthestarsthathefellintoawell.

SomewittyThracianservantgirlissaidtohavemadeajokeatThales'

expense-thatinhiseagernesstoknowwhatwentonintheskyhewas

unawareofthethingsinfrontofhimandathisfeet.Socratesadds,in

SethBenardete'stransla-tion,"Thesamejestsufficesforallthosewho

engageinphilosophy."

Whatisaphilosopher,then?Theanswerisclear:alaughingstock,an

absent-mindedbuf-foon,thebuttofcountlessjokesfromAristophanes'

"TheClouds"toMelBrooks'"HistoryoftheWorld",.Wheneverthe

philosopheriscompelledtotalkaboutthethingsathisfeet,hegivesnot

onlytheThraciangirlbuttherestofthecrowdabellylaugh.

67.

ButasalwayswithPlato,thingsarenotnecessarilyastheyfirstappear,

andSocratesisthegreatestofironists.First,weshouldrecallthatThales

believedthatwaterwastheuniversalsub-stanceoutofwhichallthings

werecomposed.WaterwasThales'philosophers'stone,asitwere.

Therefore,byfallingintoawell,heinadvertentlypresseshisbasic

philosophicalclaim.

ButthereisadeeperandmoretroublinglayerofironyherethatIwould

liketopeeloffmoreslowly.Socratesintroducesthe"digression"by

makingadistinctionbetweenthephilosopherandthelawyer,orwhat

Benardetenicelyrendersasthe"pettifogger".

68.

Bycontrast,wemightsay,thephilosopheristhepersonwhohastimeor

whotakestime.

Theodorus,Socrates'interlocutor,introducesthe"digression"withthe

words,"Aren'tweatleis-ure,Socrates?"Thelatter'sresponseis

interesting.Hesays,"Itappearsweare."Asweknow,inphilosophy

aooearancescanbedeceotive.

69.

Pushingthisalittlefurther,wemightsaythattophilosophizeistotake

yourtime,evenWhenyouhavenotime,whentimeisconstantly

pressingatyourback.ThebusyreadersofTheNewYorkTimeswill

understandthissentiment.

70.

Socratessaysthatthoseintheconstantpressofbusiness,likelawyers,

policy-makers,mort-gagebrokersandhedgefundmanagers,become

"bentandstunted"andtheyarecompelled"todocrookedthings".The

pettifoggerisundoubtedlysuccessful,wealthyandextraordinarily

honey-tongued,but,Socratesadds,"smallinhissoulandshrewdanda

shyster."Thephilosopher,bycontrast,isfreebyvirtueofhisorher

other-worldliness,bytheircapacitytofallintowellsandap-pearsilly.

A.Thephilosopher'sclumsinessinworldlyaffairsmakeshimappear

stupid,or,"givestheim-pressionofplainsilliness."Weareleftwitha

ratherMontyPythonesquedefinitionofthephilosopher:theonewhois

silly.

B.Thelawyeriscompelledtopresentacaseincourtandtimeisofthe

essence.InGreeklegalproceedings,astrictlylimitedamountoftime

wasallottedforthepresentationofcases.Timewasmeasuredwitha

waterclockorclepsydra,whichliterallystealstime,asintheGreek

kleptes,athieforembezzler.Thepettifogger,thejury,andbyimplication

thewholesocie-ty,livewiththeconstantpressureoftime.Thewaterof

time'sflowisconstantlythreateningtodrownthem.

C.Butthebasiccontrasthereisthatbetweenthelawyer,whohasno

time,orforwhomtimeismoney,andthephilosopher,whotakestime.

Thefreedomofthephilosopherconsistsinei-thermovingfreelyfrom

topictotopicorsimplyspendingyearsreturningtothesametopicoutof

perplexity,fascinationandcuriosity.

D.ltisourhopethatsomeofthemwillmakethetimetoreadTheStone.

AsWittgensteinsays,"Thisishowphilosophersshouldsaluteeachother:

'Takeyourtime.1"

E.Socratesbelievesthatthephilosopherneitherseesnorhearsthe

so-calledunwrittenlawsofthecity,thatis,themoresandconventions

thatgovernpubliclife.Thephilosopherwilldis-regardthesocietalrifles

giventoaperson.

F.AsAlfredNorthWhiteheadsaid,philosophyisaseriesoffootnotesto

Plato.LetmeriskaddingafootnotebylookingatPlato'sprovocative

definitionofthephilosopherthatappearsinthemiddleofhisdialogue,

"Theaetetus,"inapassagethatsomescholarsconsidera"di-gression".

Butfarfrombeingafootnotetoadigression,Ithinkinthismoment

Platotellsussomethinghugelyimportantaboutwhataphilosopheris

andwhatphilosophydoes.

51［单选题］查看材料

A

B

C

D

E

F

正确答案：F

参考解析：

F【精析】第一段中

“Thereareasmanydefinitionsofphilosophyastherearephi

losophers--perhapsthereareevenmore.",阐述了“哲学因

哲学家而被赋予了更多的定义"，在结尾提出"Whatisaphi—

losopher?H,哲学是什么的问题，接下来的一段是先介绍哲学，然

后再一步步的过渡到哲学家，故选

Fe

就像有很多哲学家一样哲学的定义也有很多——或许比哲学家更多。

即使在长达三千年之久的哲学活动和分歧之后，我们看待问题仍然会

存在差异。对于不可知论，在这里我不发表看法，以免引起争议。在

新争论之前，我想通过一个别样的问题来开始我的话题：哲学家是什

么？

正如艾尔弗雷德•诺思•情特黑

德所说，对柏拉图来说哲学是

66.一系列的脚本。让我不妨通过

柏拉图对哲学家的富有挑衅

意味

的定义这个方式来加注一个

脚注。这个定义出现在他的一

篇被

众多学者称之为“题外话”的

"泰阿泰德篇”文章的对话中。

但这

远不是一个题外话脚注，个人

认为这个时候，柏拉图是想告

诉我

们一些关于什么是哲学家以

及哲学用来干什么的重要的

问题。

苏格拉底讲述了被称之为第一个哲学家的泰勒斯的故事。他如此专心

地看着星星，以致失足掉到了井里。据说一些诙谐的色雷斯女仆拿泰

利斯开了一个玩笑——在他渴望知道天空中发生了什么时，他却不知

道在他的面前和脚下发生的事情。在塞特・博纳德特的译著中，苏格

拉底补充说道，"同样的笑话就足够那些从事哲学的人研究的了。"

那么到底什么是哲学家呢?答案是明确的：一个笑料，一个心不在焉

的小丑，从阿里斯托芬的"云"到梅尔•布鲁克斯的“世界历史"的

无数笑柄。当哲学家不得不谈论他脚下的事物时，他会让其余的观众

连同色雷斯女仆一起捧腹大笑。

哲学家在世俗事上的笨拙表

67.现让他显得愚蠢，或者"给人

头脑

简单的印象”。蒙蒂-皮桑尼斯

科留给我们的哲学定义是：愚

蠢0

但是就如柏拉图通常所说的，事物往往并非像他们第一次出现的那样,

苏格拉底是最犀利的讽刺家。首先，我们应该记得，泰勒斯认为水是

宇宙万物的源泉。水是泰勒斯步入哲学领域的点金石。因此掉到井里

让他不经意间得出了基本哲学主张。

但是关于这里更深层的、更令人不安的讽刺，我想娓娓道来。苏格拉

底通过区分哲学家和律师引入了"题外话"，而Benardete则适当地

提出了"讼棍”的概念。.

律师要求在法庭上陈述案情，

时间是至关重要的。在希腊的

68.法

律程序中，案件的呈现是严格

限于一定时间之内的。衡量时

间

的是一个水钟或者漏壶，字面

意思就是抢断时间，在希腊语

中，

是小偷或者贪污犯的意思。讼

棍，陪审团还有社会上的其他

人

都间接生活在时间的恒定压

力中。时间流动的水一直威胁

着他

们，要把他们淹死。

相反的，我们可能会说，哲学家是那些有时间或者说消磨时间的人。

苏格拉底的对话者——西奥多勒斯通过一句话引入了"题外话"，他

说〃苏格拉底，难道我们不清闲吗?”苏格拉底的反应很有趣。他说,

”表面上看起来是那样的「我们知道，哲学具有欺骗性。

但这里的是律师和哲学家的

69.基本对比。对于律师来说，他

们要

么没有时间，要么时间就是金

钱。对哲学家来说，他们消耗

时

间。哲学家的自由，包括在不

同主题上的自由转换，或者出

于

困惑，入迷和好奇，在同一问

题上纠缠。

更进一步，我们可能会说，理性思考浪费时间，即使你没有时间，或

时间追着你跑，却还是要思考。繁忙的《纽约时报》的读者们能理解

这种情绪。

我们希望一些人花时间去阅

70.读《石头》。正如维特根斯坦

所说，

…花费时间’就是哲学家之间

应该有的互相尊重的方式”。

苏格拉底说，那些不变的行业，如律师、决策者、抵押贷款经纪人和

对冲基金经理，他们变得扭曲和局限了。毫无疑问，他们所做的不正

当的事情最后让他们变得成功、富有、能说会道。但是，苏格拉底还

说，"他们是心胸狭隘、精于算计的卑鄙奸诈之徒。"相比之下，哲

学家因为他们自己内心的理想世界，他们因思考问题而落入井中的能

力以及他们的大智若愚，而让他们更加自由。

52［单选题］

A

B

C

D

E

F

正确答案：A

参考解析：

A【精析】上一段说到“Whatisaphilosopher,

then?Theanswerisclear:alaughingstock.”,哲学家会让观

众捧腹大笑，下面一段则是通过这种看似愚蠢的行为再次定义"哲学

家”这个概念，故选

Ao

53［单选题］

A

B

C

D

E

F

正确答案：B

参考解析：

B【精析】上一段中有"Socratesingoducesthe'digression'

bymakingadistinctionbetweenthephilosopherandthelawy

er,orwhatBenar—detenicelyrendersasthe'pettifogger1",

简单的引入苏格拉底区分律师与哲学家的区别，这一段开始详细描述,

故选B。

54［单选题］

A

B

C

D

E

F

正确答案：C

参考解析：

C【精析】上一段结尾"Asweknow,

inphilosophyappearancesCanbedeceptive,在哲学上表象

往往具有欺骗性，这一段继续讨论苏格拉底提出的问题，但是是从另

外一个角度，根据"But"一词判断，故选C。

55［单选题］

A

B

C

D

E

F

正确答案：D

参考解析：

D【精析】上一段提出"Pushingthisalittlefurther,

wemightsaythattophilosophizeistotakeyourtime,

evenwhenyouhavenotime,

whentimeisconstantlypressingatyourback.",关于时间的

话题，在结尾又说道

“ThebusyreadersofTheNewYorkTimeswillunder-standt

hissentiment关于读者的问题，本段承接了上一段，借维特

根斯坦的话提出希望，故选

De

材料题

根据以下材料，回答56-65题

•adultsputtoo71.72.

muchemphasis

onchildren's

intellectual

development?

•itiswrongto73.________

believethat

simple—minded

peopletendto

behappier?

•intelligenceand74.________

unhappinessare

notinevitably

linked?

•puttingtoo75.________

mucheffortinto

developing

children's

stronger

faculties

mayhave

adverseeffect

ontheirall一

around

development?

•achildwho76.________

doesnot

developsocially

aswellas

intellectually

may

havefewer

opportunitiesfor

moreprogress?

•apersonwhois77.________

notsadmaynot

necessarilybe

happy?

•intelligence78.________

cannotbringyou

happinessifitis

usedasthe

yardstick

ofyourvalue?

•fewsuper79.________

intelligent

peoplereachthe

topofthe

businessor

social

ladder?

•simple-minded80._________

peopleare

happierbecause

theyaremore

likelyto

ac—cepttheir

environment?

A

Surelyyouhaveoftenheard(andmaybeevensaidyourself)thingslike

"it'smy/yourbrainsthatmakeme/youunhappy","simple,uneducated

peoplearethehappiest","IwishIwasamo-ronlikeeveryoneelseand

didn'tthinksomuch-1wouldbemuchhappier",andmanymorevaria­

tions.

Alotofpeople,bothintelligentandunintelligent,reallyseemtobelieve

that.Whichissad,because,well,theyarewrong.

Intelligenceandawarenesscanbringyouasenseofrightandwrong.

Thatsensemaycauseyoutonoticemanyinjusticesintheworldthatyou

wouldn'thaveseenotherwise.Andthatcansurelybringyoupain.Butit

canalsohelpyoutonoticegoodthingsthatyouwouldn'thaveseen

withoutthatawareness.Also,withit,maybeyoucannowmakea

difference.

Still,manypeopledobelievethat"thelesstheysee/know/think,the

bettertheyare".Butisitso?Arethosestupid,ignorant,blindpeople

reallyhappy?Haveyoulookedatthem?

Theyusuallyaren't,really.Happinessisnottheabsenceofsadness,

happinessisjoy.Happi-nessisnottheabsenceofpain,itispleasure.

Happiness,asaconcept,isnotdefinedbywhatitisn't,butbywhatitis.

B

Educationsystemsincountrieswhoseprimaryinterestisinwealth

accumulationencouragehe-roesinmovies,warandsports,butnotin

intellectualdevelopment.Superintelligentpeopleman-age,butfew

reachthetopofthebusinessorsocialladder.

Childrendevelopalongfourstreams:intellectual,physical,emotional

andsocial.Inclassro-orris,thesmartestkidstendtobeleftoutofmore

activitiesbyotherchildren.Theyare"odd",theyarethegeeks,theyare

socialoutsiders.Inotherwords,theydonotdevelopsociallyaswellas

theymaydevelopintellectuallyorevenphysicallywhereopportunities

mayexistformoreprogress.Adultstendtobelievethatintelligentkids

candealwithanythingbecausetheyareintellectuallysuperior.This

inevitablyincludessituationswheretheintelligentkidshaveneither

knowledgenorskillstosupporttheirexperience.Theygothroughthe

toughtimesalone.Adultsdon'tunderstandthattheyneedhelp.

Westernsocietyprovidestheidealincubatorforsocialmisfitsandthose

withemotionalcopingproblems.Whenitcomestohappiness,intelligent

peoplewhoaresociallyineptandwhohavetrou-ble,coping

emotionallywiththeurgentneedsoflifewouldnotbeamongthoseyou

shouldexpecttobehappy.

C

Happinesshasnothingtodowithintelligencewhenintelligenceisused

asapointofreferenceforself.Inotherwords,ifintelligenceis

somethingbywhichyouvalueormeasureyourworth,thiswillnotbring

youhappiness.

Happinessisaresultofacceptance.Thosewhooperatewithgreater

mentalconstraints,forwhateverreason,sometimesseemtohavean

easiertimeacceptingtheircircumstances,theirenvi-ronment,and

themselves,becausetheyarenotgiventolong-windedinnerdialoguing

andmentaljourneysintothevariousnuancesoftheirperceived?eality.

Andsoaso-calledsimple-mindedper-soncanshrughi