北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属育新学校2025届高三第二次诊断性检测英语试卷含解析

北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属育新学校2025届高三第二次诊断性检测英语试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Howcomeeverykidtodayismeanttobeachampionforsomething_____weknoweverykidcan’tbeastar?A．incaseB．asifC．whenD．unless2．Frankly,Istillfeelconfusedabout_________hecouldmanagewithoutaccesstotheInternetforsuchalongtime.A．what B．why C．that D．how3．Youaresupposedtoleaveyourchild________hishomeworkalone.A．do B．todoC．beingdone D．done4．—Mum,IbrokeDad’ssunglassesthismorning.—Youneedtomakeanapologyforyourfault,________youwillregret.A．andB．orC．butD．for5．—Hello,Paul,doyouliketojoinusinplayingfootball?Weneedonemorepersonto____ateam.—Yes,I’dliketo.A．pickup B．pickout C．makeup D．makeout6．Ladiesandgentlemen,onbehalfofourgovernment,I'dliketo________asincerewelcomeandheartfeltgratitude.A．exploitB．exposeC．expandD．extend7．—Haveyoufinishedallyourexercises?—Yes,________isleft.Asamatteroffact,theyareaseasyasABC．A．nothing B．notone C．none D．neither8．－I_______inthesamepositiontoolong.Mylegshavefallenasleep.－Shakeitalittlebeforeyougetup.A．willsit B．havesatC．amsitting D．havebeenstting9．Mostpeoplequit________anyresultsappear;theygiveuptoosoonandaquitterneverwins.A．whileB．untilC．sinceD．before10．Mikeislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoeshisboss.A．serves B．satisfiesC．promises D．supports11．_______theweather,thesportsmeetwillbeheldontime.A．Insteadof B．Inrelationto C．Regardlessof D．Infavorof12．Asteachersweshouldn’taccepttheargumentgivenbysomepeople_______standardizedtestsrestricteducatorstoomuchandtakethejoyoutofteaching.A．where B．whatC．how D．that13．Nicholaswasverykind,mercifulandgenerous.Thisis________FatherChristmasisbasedon.A．where B．how C．what D．why14．---Eachofthestudentsworkinghardattheirhardattheirlessonsthebook.---SohaveI.A．readsB．havereadC．hasreadD．read15．Facedwitheconomicslowdown,somecompaniesareplanningtouserobotsto______humanworkerstoreducetheirlaborcosts.A．compensate B．substituteC．symbolize D．discriminate16．—GoingtowatchtheWomen’sVolleyballMatchonWednesday?—________!Willyougowithme?A．Youbet B．YougotmeC．Youthere D．Youknowbetter17．---Hello,Tom.ThisisMaryspeaking.---Whatacoincidence!I_________aboutyou.A．justthought B．wasjustthinkingC．havejustthought D．wouldjustthink18．----Whatdoyouthinkofzoology?----Inmyopinion,zoologyis______botany.A．asubjectsointerestingasB．asainterestingsubjectasC．asinterestingasubjectasD．interestingasasubjectas19．Variousefforts________inthepastdecadestoprotecttheenvironment.A．hadmadeB．havemadeC．weremadeD．havebeenmade20．Theargumentremainsextremelyheateditisnecessarytofrequentlyupdateteachingmaterial.A．that B．which C．if D．whether第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Whenshefirststartedlearningabouttheclimatechangefromoneofherelders,FawnSharpwasinvitedonahelicopterflightovertheOlympicMountainstosurveytheMountAndersonglacier(冰川).Buttheglacierwasgone,meltedbythewarmingclimate.Sharphadadeepsenseoflosswhenshediscoveredtheglacierwasn'tthereanymore.Lossisagrowingissueforpeopleworkingandlivingonthefrontlinesofclimatechange.AndthatgaveJenniferWrenAtkinson,afull-timelecturerattheUniversityofWashingtonBothell,US,anideaforaclass.Thisterm,shetaughtstudentsontheBothellcampusabouttheemotionalburdensofenvironmentalstudy.SheusedtheexperiencesofNaliveAmericantribes(部落),scientistsandactivists,andaskedher24studentstofacetherealitythatthereisnoeasyfix--that"thisissuchanintractableproblemthatthey'regoingtobedealingwithitfortherestoftheirlives.”StudentCodyDillonusedtobeaclimatescienceskeptic(怀疑论者).Thenhedidhisownreadingandresearch,andchangedhismind.Dillonwasn'tgoingintoenvironmentalwork--hewasacomputer-sciencemajor.Yet,thepotentialforaworldwideenvironmentalcatastropheseemedsorealtohimfiveyearsagothathequithisjobandbecameafull-timevolunteerforanenvironmentalgroupthatworkedonrestoration(恢复)projects.Sixmonthsintothework,hedecidedthatAlkinson'sclasswasjustwhathewaslookingfor--aplacewherehecoulddiscusshisconcernsaboutachangingclimate.Atkinsonsaidshehopestheclasshelpedherstudentspreparethemselvesfortheamountofenvironmentallossthatwillhappenovertheirlifetimes.“Wearealreadychangingtheplanet-.somanyspeciesaregoingtobelost,displacedormassivelyimpacted(巨大影响的),”shesaid.“Thefutureisn'tgoingtobewhattheyimagined.”1、WhydidtheauthormentionthecaseofFawnSharp?A．TolayabasisforFawnSharp'sfurtherresearch.B．ToproveFawnSharp'sworkissimilartoAtkinson's.C．Toleadintotheissueoflosscausedbyclimatechange.D．Toshowscientists'concernabouttheMountAndersonglacier.2、What'sthemainpurposeofAtkinson'sclass?A．Toexplorehowdifferentpeopledealwithclimatechange.B．Togetstudentsmoreconcernedaboutenvironmentalissue.C．TofindsolutionstotheOlympicMountainsenvironmentalissue.D．Toteachstudentshowtoconductaresearchaboutenvironment.3、Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“intractable”underlinedinParagraphThree?A．Simple.B．Difficult.C．Common.D．Interesting.4、HowdidAtkinson'sclassinfluenceDillon?A．Dillonworkedasapart-timevolunteerforrestorationprojects.B．Itmadehimrealizeaplanet-wideclimatedisasterwouldhappen.C．Itencouragedhimtobemoreinvolvedinenvironmentalprotection.D．Itdiscouragedhimtoworkonrestorationprojectsfortheenvironment.22．（8分）SensesThatWorkTogetherWhenwethinkabouthowoursenseswork,weusuallyimaginethemoperatingseparately:yousniffaflower,andthesmellisdelivereduninterruptedfromnosetobrain.However,it’smorecomplexthanthat.Mostevidenceforcross-modalperception(知觉)comesfromstudiesintosoundandvision(视觉).Butresearchthatshowsothersensescrossingoveriscomingoutallthetime,anditseemsthatevensoundandsmellsometimesformanunlikelypairing.WhenNewYorkresearchers,DanielWessonandDonaldWilson,triedtofindoutthetruthabouta“mysterious”areaofthebraincalledtheolfactorytubercle,theyhadtodealwiththisfact.Originally,theyonlyintendedtomeasurehowolfactorytuberclecellsinmicerespondedtosmell.Butduringtesting,Wessonnoticedthateverytimeheputhiscoffeecupdown,themousecellsjumpedinactivity.Infact,theolfactorytubercleiswell-placedtoreceivebothsmellandsoundinformationfromtheoutsideworld.Latertheyfoundthatamongseparatecells,mostrespondedtoasmellbutasignificantnumberwerealsoactivewhenasoundwasmade.Somecellsevenbehaveddifferentlywhensmellandsoundwerepresentedtogether,byincreasingordecreasingtheiractivity.Ofcourse,micearen’tpeople,soresearchteamhasbeencarryingoutfurtherexperiments.Theypulledtogetheragroupofpeopleandgavethemvariousdrinkstosmell.Participantswereaskedtosniffthedrinks,andthenmatchthemtoappropriatemusicalinstrumentsandproducethenotesatdifferentlevels.Theresultswereinteresting:pianowasregularlypairedwithfruityfragrances;strongsmellssoundedliketheinstrumentsthataremadeofmetal.Furtherresearchfoundthatlisteningtodifferentsoundscanchangeyourperceptions.Studyingtastethistime,theteamorderedsomespecialtoffee(太妃糖)andputtogether“soundscapes”correspondingtobitternessandsweetness.Participantstastedsimilarpiecesoftoffeewhilelisteningtoeachsoundscape,andfoundthetoffeemorebitterorsweeter,dependingonwhichsoundtracktheywerelisteningto.Studieslikethisarehelpingscientistscorrectlydescribeourunderstandingofthesenses,andhowthebraincombinesthemwithitsadvantage.Theconsequencesareworthconsidering.Couldweseemusiciansworktogetherwithchefstoproducesound-improvedfoodanddrink?Willyoubeorderingacoffeewithasoundtracktobringoutyourfavoritesmell?Cometothinkofit,thatcouldbeonethingyouhopecoffeeshopchainsdon’tgetroundto.1、WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2referto?A．Alotofresearchfocusesonthesenses.B．Soundandvisionarerelativelyeasytostudy.C．Therecanbealinkbetweensoundandsmell.D．Evidenceaboutthewaysensesworkishardtoobtain.2、InWessonandWilson’sresearch,______.A．themicewereaffectedmoresignificantlybysoundB．theresultconfirmedwhattheresearchershadsuspectedC．themiceseemedtobeafraidofcertainsoundsorsmellsD．theconnectionbetweensoundandsmellwasfoundbychance3、WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A．Participantstookanactivepartintheexperiments.B．Thepurposeofthefurtherexperimentswastotallydifferent.C．Theresultfailedtosupportwhatwasfoundinpreviousexperiments.D．Experimentsshowedthatlinksbetweensoundandsmellwereconsistent.4、Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffectoftheresearch?A．Sheisexcitedaboutthecreativechances.B．Sheissurprisedattherecentdevelopments.C．Sheisconvincedthatthefindingswillbeusedsoon.D．Sheisworriedabouthowtheknowledgecanbeapplied.23．（8分）2018FIRSTRoboticsCompetitionGame—FIRSTPOWERUPSMTheadventurebeginsonJanuary6,2018.Playforreal!Combiningtheexcitementofsportwiththerigors(严酷)ofscienceandtechnology.WecallFIRSTRoboticsCompetitiontheultimateSportfortheMind.High-schoolstudentparticipantscallit“thehardestfunyou’lleverhave”.TeamBasicsThereallycoolthingaboutFIRSTRoboticsCompetitionisthatallskilllevelsarewelcomedandneeded,technicalornon-technical.Readmoreaboutteambasics,timeframe,commitment,andskillsrequired.Cost&RegistrationWhatdoesitcosttoparticipate?TherearecostsinvolvedwithformingaFIRSTRoboticsCompetitionteamandtheycanvaryfromteamtoteamandregiontoregiondependingonwhatlevelofparticipationtheteamchooses.Herearesomebasiccoststandards:Thereareneverany“perstudent”fees;allcostsforindividualteammembersareassumedbytheteamasagroup.Theannualfeesforteamregistration,arobotkitofparts,andeventparticipationare$5,000—$6,000.Additionalcostsfortravel,food,teamshirtsandotheroptionalitemswillvary.ScholarshipsAbigadvantageofparticipatinginFIRSTisgainingaccesstomillionsincollegescholarshipsmadeavailablebycolleges,universities,andcorporationswhosupportFIRST.ThisisexclusivefinancialhelpopenonlytoFIRSTteammembers,givingthemacompetitiveleguponotherstudentsseekingeducationalfunds.1、WhatisreallyattractiveaboutFIRSTRoboticsCompetition?A．Competitorswilleverhavethehardestfun.B．Onlyhigh-levelteamsarewelcomed.C．Allskilllevelsarewelcomed.D．Itconnectssciencewithtechnology.2、HowshouldtheparticipantspaytoattendFIRSTRoboticsCompetition?A．AlltheparticipantsshouldpaythesameamountofmoneyB．Thefeesdependontheparticipantsteamlevelsandregions.C．Therearenoadditionalfeesbesidesthebasiccost.D．Theparticipantsshouldpaynomorethan$5,000.3、Whowillgetexclusivefinancialhelp?A．Highschoolstudents.B．Studentsseekingeducationalfunds.C．Firstteammembers.D．Collegestudents.24．（8分）Itisimportanttoprotectyourselffromharmfulrays.Butifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreenkeepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek’sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas（黑瘤）anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan’tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas–theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1.101whodidn’thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection–nosunscreen–seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit’snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.Manypeoplealsodon’tusesunscreenproperlyapplyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying–recentresearchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,usesunscreenandslaponahat.1、What’speople’scommonexpectationofhigh-factorsunscreen?A．Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.B．Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothadfair.C．Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.D．Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.2、Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A．Sunscreencanpreventallkindsofskincancers.B．Thestudiesarebasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.C．Thestudiesmayhelppeopleselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.D．Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.3、Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinordertoreducemelanomarates?A．Stayingintheshadewheneverpossible.B．Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.C．Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.D．Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NoWaytoStopHarmfulRays!B．DoesSunscreenPreventSkinCancer?C．DidYouUseSunscreenIntheRightWay?D．SkinCancer-TheBiggestThreattoHumanBeings!25．（10分）Anewinternationalstudyshowsthatsomepeopledbiologicalclockplaysapowerfulrolefortheirlifeexpectancy,regardlessoflifestylechoices.PublishedinthelatestissueofAgingonWednesday,thestudyhasfoundthemostdefinitiveevidencetoexplainwhysomepeoplekeephealthylifestylebutdieyoungerthanothers.GeneticistSteveHorvathfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles(UCLA),ledateamof65scientistsaroundtheworldtorecordage-relatedchangestohumanDNA,analysebloodsamplescollectedfrom13,000peopleandestimatetheirlifespan.Ahigherbiologicalage,regardlessofactualage,consistentlypredictsanearlierdeath,thestudysays.“Yougetpeoplewhoarevegan,sleep10hoursaday,havealow-stressjob,andstillendupdyingyoung,”Horvathsaidinastatement.“Wehaveshownsomepeoplehaveafasterinnateagingrate.”Thefindingsdiscoveredthat5percentofthepopulationagesatafasterbiologicalrate,whichtranslatedtoaroughly50percenthigherthanaverageriskofdeathatanyage.“Thegreathopeisthatwefindanti-aginginterventionsthatwouldslowyourinnateagingrate,”Horvathsaid,addingthat“thisisanimportantmilestonetorealizingthisdream.1、Howwasthestudyconducted?A．BycollectingandanalyzingdataB．ByinterviewinglotsofpeopleC．ByresearchingpreviousstudiesD．Bystudyingdifferentlifestyles2、Somepeoplekeephealthylifestylebutdieyoungerthanothersbecause.A．BybiologicalclockisnotpowerfulenoughB．themostdefinitiveevidencehasbeenfoundC．theyhaveahigheractualagethanothersD．theyagesatarelativelyfasterbiologicalrate3、Accordingtothestudy,itcanbeinferredthat.A．peoplewhokeephealthylifestyletendtolivelongerB．people’slifespancanbepredictedbytheirageC．anti-aginginterventionshaveprovedtoslowtheinnateagingrateD．5percentofpeoplearebelievedtohaveafasterinnateagingrat第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）AGameofLightandShadeItwasasunnyday.Ihadgoneupanddownthetowerwhen,outsidethedooratthefoot,ablindmancametowardme.Inamoment,hedisappearedupthestairs.Ilookedatthesignthatsaid“TotheTower”,anddecidedto1him.Icaughtupwithhimintheticketoffice.ThereIwas2toseetheattendant(工作人员)sellinghimaticketasifhewereanyothervisitor.Then,withtheticketinonehandand3thewallwiththefingersoftheother,theblindmanreachedthestairs4tothehallway.“Thatmanisblind.Whatwouldablindmanclimbupthetowerfor?”Isaidtotheattendant,expectinghimtoshowsome5,buthedidn’tanswer.“Notthe6certainly,”Isaid.“Perhapshewantsto7.”Iboughtaticketand8upthestairs.Themanhadn’tgoneasfarasI9.Athirdofthewayupthetower,Iheardhis10.Isloweddownandfollowedhimatalittle11.Hestoppedfromtimetotime.Whenhegottothebalcony,Iwasadozensteps12.AsIreachedit,Isawhimatthecornerofthetower.Atlast,aftertenminutes,I13him.“Excuseme,”IsaidaspolitelyasIcould,“butIamcurioustoknow14youcameup.”Hesmiled.“Comingupthestairs,youwillnoticehownotjustlightbutsun15intothetowerthroughthenarrowwindowshereandthere,sothatyoucanfeelthe16—thecoolstairssuddenlybecomequitewarm—andhowupherebehindthewallthereis17,butassoonasgoingoppositeawindowyoucanfindthesun.Thereisno18sogoodasthisforfeelingthedifferencebetweenlightandshade.ItisnotthefirsttimeI’vecomeup.”Theblindmanseemedquite19justlikeachildwhowasenjoyinghisfavoritegames.Hetoldmethetruththatblindmencanalsofindthebeautyinlife20theycannotenjoythesightsoftheworld.1、A．accept B．follow C．control D．visit2、A．frightened B．disappointed C．surprised D．embarrassed3、A．touching B．climbing C．hitting D．covering4、A．pointing B．attaching C．contributing D．leading5、A．respect B．doubt C．concern D．sympathy6、A．view B．test C．prize D．trick7、A．kick B．jump C．relax D．escape8、A．struggled B．explored C．wandered D．hurried9、A．promised B．examined C．imagined D．confirmed10、A．steps B．words C．secrets D．cheers11、A．standard B．distance C．expense D．intention12、A．ahead B．around C．outside D．behind13、A．recognized B．surrounded C．approached D．witnessed14、A．why B．how C．when D．whether15、A．knocks B．pours C．slides D．bursts16、A．trend B．reaction C．change D．honor17、A．light B．space C．mess D．shade18、A．place B．signal C．object D．period19、A．nervous B．content C．curious D．patient20、A．unless B．because C．once D．although第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Yearsofexpectationthistimehasfinallyarrived,thereweretimeswhenIthoughtwewouldnevergethere.Ijustgraduatedlastweek.Thedream（小题1）(plant)manyyearsago.Ihadalwaysdreamed（小题2）goingbacktoschool,butitwastoo（小题3）(frighten)andtoohard.Threeyearsago,Ilostadearfriendof（小题4）(I)inacaraccident.Allthose（小题5）(think)of“someday”seemedtotakeondifferentmeanings.Well,Idecided（小题6）(take)acourse,andthenItooktwo.Finally,Itook4classes,andatthe（小题7）(two)weekofschool,myfamilywereinaterriblecaraccident.Thethreeofuswerebarelypassingafterthattimeperiod.Ihadabrokenarmandcouldnotwrite.Asmypassword,I（小题8）(call)myselfmountainclimber.Thejourneywasdifficultandeveryhillseemedhighertoclimb.Isupposethething（小题9）pulledmethroughwaswhenIcouldn'tdoitformyself,Icoulddoittohonormyfriend!Lastweek,（小题10）highlight（最精彩的部分）ofmylifewaswalkingacrossthatplatformgettingmydegreesixmonthsbeforeIturnfifty!第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Thephotowastakenduringthesixtyanniversaryofourschool、Theelderlymanonthepictureattendedourschool50yearsago,shortlyafteritfounded、Itwasthefirsttimehehasbeenbacktoourschoolfromhegraduatedandhewasdeeplyimpressedbyitslook、Onceayoungstudent,theelderlymannowhasgrayhairorwrinkles,whileourschoolhasanewandmoremodemlook、Afteralltheseyears,he’sstillemotionalwhentalkingaboutthathowproudheisofoncebeingastudentofourschool、Iwasgreattouchedbythescene、IknowsomedayI’llhaveasamefeelingasthislovelyman、第二节书面表达（满分2