2021-2022学年浙江省嘉兴市高二上学期期末检测英语试卷（解析版）（不含听力音频）

2021-2022学年浙江省嘉兴市高二上学期期末检测英语试卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthespeakerseatforsupper?A.Pizza.B.Salad.C.Steak.2.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.Inacar.B.Inashop.C.Inaplane.3.Whattimeisitnow?A.8:00.B.9:00.C.10:00.4.Howwillthewomangettotherailwaystation?A.Bycar.B.Bytaxi.C.Bysubway.5.WhatisdifferentaboutLucy?A.Shelooksyounger.B.Shesmilesmore.C.Shegetsthinner.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whenwillthepackagebedeliveredagain?A.Tomorrowmorning.B.Thisafternoon.C.Atnoon.7.Whatisthewomangoingtodotonight?A.Buyadress.B.Hangoutwithherfriend.C.Visitherneighbor.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howtoenjoymusic.B.WhentolearnItalian.C.Wheretospendthevacation.9.Whydoesn'tthewomanwanttogotoRome?A.Sheisafraidofflying.B.ShedislikesItalianfood.C.Shehasnointerestinhistory.10Whatisthewomanprobablyinterestedin?A.Relaxingmusic.B.Greatarchitecture.C.Beautifulscenery.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howmanyplacesarementionedintheconversation?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.12.Whatcostthespeakersmost?B.Thelovelystrawberries.C.Theairmailletter.A.Thebookofstamps.13.Howdoesthewomanfeelintheend?A.Amazed.B.Satisfied.C.Tired.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatkindofbackpackdidthemanlose?A.Aleatherone.B.Asportsone.C.Afashionableone.15.Whereisthepatternofthebackpack?A.Onthefront.B.Onthetop.C.Ontheback.16.Whichgiftwillbegiventotheman'smother?A.Shoes.B.Scarves.C.Gloves.17.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Responsible.B.Humorous.C.Patient.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatdoesTomandJerrymainlyfocuson?A.The161famousshortfilms.B.Theinfluenceoftwomainroles.C.Thefightsbetweenacatandamouse.19.WhenwasTomandJerryfirstplayedintheaters?A.In1937.B.In1940.C.In1943.20.WhatmakesTomandJerrysopopularinthespeaker'sopinion?A.Thecolorfulrolesofthestoryitself.B.Theworldwideinfluenceofthestory.C.Thelivelypicturesandfunnysounds.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AManfredSteinerhadasuccessfulandproductivecareerasadoctor,helpinggenerationsofmedicalstudentslearnabouthematology(血液学).Butallalong,hehadafeelingheshouldbedoingsomethingelse:studyingphysics.Atage89,hefinallyrealizedthatdream,earninghisPh.D.inphysicsfromBrown“Ialwayshadthisdream:Gee,somedayIwouldliketobecomeaphysicist,”SteinersaidinaninterviewwithNPR.SteinerwasateenagerwhenWorldWarIIended.Bythen,hewasfascinatedwithphysics.Ontheadviceofhisfamily,however,hedecidedtopursueamedicalcareerinstead.ButduringhisstudiesinVienna,physicsstillhadastrongappealtohim.“WhenIwasamedicalstudentintheearly1950s,Iusedtostealintothephysicalinstitute,whichwasveryclosetothemedicalschool,”hesaid,“andlistentosometalksthere.”Whenaskedwhatitwasaboutphysicsthatheenjoyed,Steinerrepliedquickly:precision(精确性).“Yetthephysicalexactlywerethesame,holdingforthetwoextremes,"headded,“andthatprecisionreallyalwaysfascinatedme.”ItwasonlyafterSteinerretiredfromhiscareerinmedicinein2000thathewasfinallyabletostudyphysics.Steinerworkedslowly-he'sagrandfatherwholikestospendwithhisfamily,andhealthissueshavebeenaconcern-butthecreditskeptpilingup.Andbeforelong,SteinerwaseyeingyetanotherPh.D.“Youknow,ittookalongtime,”hesaid.“Butfortunately,I'mherenowandI'veovercometheproblems.”ThephysicistswhoworkedwithSteinersayhislatestachievementisinspiring.Forhispart,Steinerisstillworkingonpublishingadissertation(专题论文),andhewantstocontinuehisresearch.“IwouldliketocontinuewithitaslongasmymindsaysOK.”1.WhydidManfredSteinerwanttobeaphysicist?A.Heintendedtoinspirehisstudents.B.Hewasinfluencedbyhisfamily.C.Hehadapassionforphysics.D.Hefelthewasgoodatphysics.2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesManfredSteiner?A.Considerate.B.Determined.C.Conventional.D.Reliable.3.WhatdoesManfredSteiner'sstorytellus?A.It'snevertoolatetomend.B.Educationisthekeytosuccess.C.Hewholaughslast,laughslongest.D.Wherethereisadream,thereisaway.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了ManfredSteiner还是个少年时，就很喜欢物理，然而在家人的建议下，他从事了医疗事业。2000年Steiner从医学界退休，虽然他已经是一位老爷爷，身体也不太好，但是仍然坚持实现自己的梦想，最终实现了自己的物理梦，获得了博士学位。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的““Ialwayshadthisdream:Gee,somedayIwouldliketobecomeaphysicist,”SteinersaidinaninterviewwithNPR.”(Steiner在接受美国国家公共电台采访时说:“我一直有这样一个梦想:哎呀，有一天我想成为一名物理学家。”)和第三段中的“SteinerwasateenagerwhenWorldWarIIended.Bythen,hewasfascinatedwithphysics.Ontheadviceofhisfamily,however,hedecidedtopursueamedicalcareerinstead.ButduringhisstudiesinVienna,physicsstillhadastrongappealtohim.”(第二次世界大战结束时，Steiner还是个少年，那时他迷上了物理学。然而，在家人的建议下，他决定从事医疗事业。但在维也纳学习期间，物理学对他仍有强烈的吸引力。)可知，ManfredSteiner想成为物理学家是因为他热爱物理，故选C。2.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ItwasonlyafterSteinerretiredfromhiscareerinmedicinein2000thathewasfinallyabletostudyphysics.Steinerworkedslowly-he'sagrandfatherwholikestospendwithhisfamily,andhealthissueshavebeenaconcern-butthecreditskeptpilingup.Andbeforelong,SteinerwaseyeingyetanotherPh.D.“Youknow,ittookalongtime,”hesaid.“Butfortunately,I'mherenowandI'veovercometheproblems.””(直到2000年Steiner从医学界退休后，他才终于能够学习物理学。Steiner工作很慢，因为他已经是一个喜欢和家人待在一起的老爷爷了，他的健康也一直有问题，但是他获得的学分越来越多。不久之后，Steiner开始想获取另一个博士学位。“你知道，这花了很长时间，”他说，“但幸运的是，我成功了，我已经克服了这些问题”。)可知，ManfredSteiner虽然是一位退休的老爷爷，身体也不太好，但是仍然坚持实现自己的梦想，最终实现了自己的物理梦，获得了博士学位，他是一个有决心的人，所以B选项“Determined.”(有决心的)这个词最能描述ManfredSteiner，A.Considerate.体贴的；C.Conventional.传统的；D.Reliable.可信赖的，均不符，故选B。3.推理判断题。通读全文且根据第一段“Atage89,hefinallyrealizedthatdream,earninghisPh.D.inphysicsfromBrownUniversity.”（89岁时，他终于实现了这个梦想，在布朗大学获得了物理学博士学位。）可知，文章主要讲述了ManfredSteiner还是个少年时，就很喜欢物理，然而在家人的建议下，他从事了医疗事业。2000年Steiner从医学界退休，虽然他已经是一位老爷爷，身体也不太好，但是仍然坚持实现自己的梦想，最终实现了自己的物理梦，获得了博士学位。所以可以推断出，ManfredSteiner的故事告诉我们，只要坚持自己的梦想就一定能成功，D选项“Wherethereisadream,thereisaway.”(坚持自己的梦想就会成功)符合，故选BCarbonlabelsonfoodproductsandmenusstartedmakingnewsin2020.Theycontaininformationaboutcarbonemissions(排放)andoccasionallyothersupplychaindetails.Nowtheideahasbeenadaptedforthetourismindustry-whereagrowingnumberofcompaniesaremeasuringandpublishingthecarbonfootprintcreatedontheirtours,likelocaltransportation,accommodation,food,activities,guides,staffandofficeoperations.“Becauseit'squiteanewthing,”saidClaireCopeman,co-founderofAdventureToursUK,whichpublishescarbonemissionsalongsidetheirtriparrangements.“Atthemoment,whenpeopledoseeit,it'sanextraadvantage.It'slike,well,thistriplooksgreatandIcanseethatit'slowimpact,andtheylikethat.”It'shardtosaywhethertheselabelswillswaydecision-makingfortravelers.However,consumersareincreasinglyconcernedaboutcompanies'commitmentstoenvironmentalprotection;andclearlylabelingcarbonemissionsisanopenandobjectivewayofcommunicatingenvironmentalcommitments.Moreimportantly,measuringandpubliclysharingthecarbonfootprintoftripsisencouragingcompaniestoactivelyfindwaystoreduceemissionsevenfurther.Forexample,somecompaniesinUKarecurrentlyworkingwithpartnerstomakeimprovementsthroughoutthesupplychainsandconsideringchangestosomeoftheirtripssothatmorenightsarespentatlow-energyhotelsandlesstimeisspentdriving.“Everythingwedohasacarbonfootprint,”saidCharlieCotton,founderofecollective,whichhelpstravelcompaniesmeasureandreducetheircarbonfootprint.“But,asabusiness,youwanttobeabletotellacustomer,'We'regoingtoaddresstheelephantintheroom,andwehaveaplaninplacetomakesurethatyearonyearourcarbonfootprintisgoingtogetsmallerandsmaller.'”4.Whyistheideaofcarbonlabelsacceptedbytravelcompanies?A.Itdrawspeople'sattentiontotourism.B.Itadvocateslow-budgettriparrangements.C.Itreflectsthesenseofenvironmentalprotection.D.Itmeetsthedemandsofdifferentkindsoftourists.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sway”inparagraph3mean?A.Affect. B.Strengthen. C.Involve. D.Prohibit.6.WhatdoCharlieCotton'swordsindicate?A.Thedesiretoprotectwildlife.B.Theneedtomakeagreenplan.C.Thedutytokeepcustomerswellinformed.D.Thedeterminationtoreducecarbonemissions.【答案】4.C5.A6.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了碳标签如今也适用于旅游业——越来越多的公司正在测量和公布他们的旅游碳足印。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However,consumersareincreasinglyconcernedaboutcompanies'commitmentstoenvironmentalprotection;andclearlylabelingcarbonemissionsisanopenandobjectivewayofcommunicatingenvironmentalcommitments.”(然而，消费者越来越关注企业对环境保护的承诺；很显然，标明碳排放是以一种公开和客观的方式来传达环境承诺。)可知，旅游公司接受碳标签，是因为消费者越来越关注企业对环境保护的承诺，这样做能体现旅游公司的环保意识，故选C。2.词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面的句子“However,consumersareincreasinglyconcernedaboutcompanies'commitmentstoenvironmentalprotection”(然而，消费者越来越关注企业对环境保护的承诺；)可知，消费者越来越关注企业对环境保护的承诺，这说明企业的环保意识会影响消费者的决定，所以结合划线单词前面的内容“It'shardtosaywhethertheselabels”(很难说这些标签......)和划线单词后面的内容“decision-makingfortravelers”(旅行者的决定。)可以推断出，此处表示“很难说这些标签是否会影响消费者的决定”，所以划线单词“sway”的意思是“影响”，与选项A“Affect”(影响)意思一样，B.Strength加强；C.Involve牵涉；D.Prohibit禁止，均不符，故选A。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““But,asabusiness,youwanttobeabletotellacustomer,'We'regoingtoaddresstheelephantintheroom,andwehaveaplaninplacetomakesurethatyearonyearourcarbonfootprintisgoingtogetsmallerandsmaller.'"”(“但是，作为一家企业，你希望能够告诉客户，‘我们要解决那些显而易见但又被忽略的问题，我们已经有了计划，以确保我们的碳足印逐年变得越来越小。’”)可知，CharlieCotton认为，企业要告诉客户，自己会解决那些显而易见但又被忽略的问题，同时要告诉顾客，自己已经计划好会确保碳足印逐年变得越来越小，由此可以推断出，CharlieCotton的话表明了要减少碳足迹的决心，故选D。CJohnsHopkinsUniversityresearchersdiscoveredpreciselyhowspiders(蜘蛛)buildwebsinthedark.Theircreationofaweb-buildingplaybookbringsnewunderstandingofhowcreatureswithsmallbrainsareabletocreateelegantandcomplexstructures.Web-buildingspiders,whichbuildblindlyusingonlythesenseoftouch,haveattractedhumansforcenturies.“Thefirststeptounderstandingthatistostudythebehaviorsandskillsinvolved,”saidAndrewGordus,aJohnsHopkinsbehavioralbiologist,“Butuntilnowithasneverbeendone,mainlybecauseofthechallengeofdetectingandrecordingtheactions.”HisteamstudiedaspidernativetothewesternUnitedStates.Toobservethespidersduringtheirnighttimeweb-buildingwork,thelabdesignedastagewithinfrared(红外线的)camerasandinfraredlights.Theymonitoredandrecordedsixspiderseverynightandtrackedmillionsofindividuallegactions.“Evenifyouvideorecordit,that'salotoflegstotrack,”saidleadauthorAbelCorver.“It'sjusttoomuchtogothrougheveryframe(帧)andmarkthelegpointsbyhandsowetrainedmachinevisionsoftwaretodetecttheactionsofthespider,framebyframe,sothatwecouldrecordeverythingthelegsdotobuildanentireweb.”Theyfoundthatweb-makingbehaviorsaresosimilaracrossspidersthattheresearcherswereabletopredictthepartofawebaspiderwasworkingonjustfromseeingthepositionofaleg.“Evenifthefinalstructureisalittledifferent,therulestheyusetobuildthewebarethesame,”Gordussaid,“whichconfirmstherulesareintheirbrains.”Futureworkforthelabincludesexperimentswithdrugstodeterminewhichcircuits(回路)inthespider'sbrainareresponsibleforthevariousstagesofweb-building.Corversaid,“Thisworkcouldhelpusunderstandlargerbrainsystems,includinghumans.”7.Whatwasthechallengeinthepreviousstudiesonspiders'web-building?A.Testingspiders'brains.B.Trackingspiders'actions.C.Observingspiders'websatnight.D.Improvingspiders'senseoftouch.8.WhatisacrucialstepinthestudyledbyGordus?A.Relyingontheaidofspecialsoftware.B.Monitoringthesafetyofspiders.C.Comparingvarietiesofspiderwebs.D.Designingasetofinfraredcameras.9.Whatiscontainedinthefuturestudyaccordingtoparagraph5?A.Theenvironmentforhumans.B.Thebehaviorofvariousspiders.C.Thedrugforbraindiseases.D.Thebrainsystemofspiders.10.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Spiders,ElegantCreaturesB.SmallBrains,AmazingSkillsC.Spiders'WebSecretsUncoveredD.Spiders'Web-buildingAbilityDeveloped【答案】7.B8.A9.D10.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘Thefirststeptounderstandingthatistostudythebehaviorsandskillsinvolved,’saidAndrewGordus,aJohnsHopkinsbehavioralbiologist,‘Butuntilnowithasneverbeendone,mainlybecauseofthechallengeofdetectingandrecordingtheactions.’”(约翰霍普金斯大学行为生物学家AndrewGordus说，“理解这一点的第一步就是要研究相关的行为和技能，但迄今为止还没有人做到这一点，主要是因为检测和记录行为具有挑战性。”)可知，在以前蜘蛛织网的研究中，跟踪蜘蛛的行为是一项挑战，故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It'sjusttoomuchtogothrougheveryframe(帧)andmarkthelegpointsbyhandsowetrainedmachinevisionsoftwaretodetecttheactionsofthespider,framebyframe,sothatwecouldrecordeverythingthelegsdotobuildanentireweb.”(每一帧都要仔细检查，手工标记腿部位置，这太难了，所以我们培训研究人员使用机器视觉软件，一帧一帧地检测蜘蛛的动作，这样我们就可以记录腿部所做的一切，来构建一个完整的网。)可知，依靠特殊软件的帮助是Gordus领导的这项研究的关键步骤，故选A。3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Futureworkforthelabincludesexperimentswithdrugstodeterminewhichcircuits(回路)inthespider'sbrainareresponsibleforthevariousstagesofweb-building.”(该实验室未来的工作包括用药物进行实验，以确定蜘蛛大脑中的哪些回路负责蜘蛛网形成的各个阶段。)可知，未来会对蜘蛛的大脑系统进行研究，故选D。4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“JohnsHopkinsUniversityresearchersdiscoveredpreciselyhowspiders(蜘蛛)buildwebsinthedark.Theircreationofaweb-buildingplaybookbringsnewunderstandingofhowcreatureswithsmallbrainsareabletocreateelegantandcomplexstructures.”(约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的。它们织的网，使人们对这些有小脑袋的生物如何能够创造出优雅而复杂的结构有了新的理解。)可知，文章主要介绍了约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的，所以C选项“Spiders'WebSecretsUncovered”(蜘蛛网的秘密被发现)适合做文章标题，故选C。第二节（共5个小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itseemslikesomepeoplearebornwithagoodsenseofdirectionwhileothersarealwaysgettinglost.____11____Youcanimproveyoursenseofdirection.Youjustneedtoworkatit.Nowadays,ofcourse,it’sconvenienttorelyonGPSratherthancommitalong,complexroutetomemory.____12____Studyingalargermapandrememberingtheroutebeforeyousetoutdoeshaveitsbenefits.Theamountofmentalenergyitrequiresmeansit’smorelikelytostickinyourmind.LookingatGoogleMapsonabigscreenorevenstudyingapapermapalsoallowsyoutogetasenseofthatall-importantbiggerpictureandhoweverywherefitstogether.____13____It’salsoimportanttonoticewhat’saroundyouinalldirections.Insteadofstaringstraightahead,makesureyoulookup,downandbehindyouaswell.Thiswillcomeinparticularlyusefulwhenyou’redoingthejourneyinreverse(倒退)——evenifit’sjustfindingyourwaybackfromthetoiletinarestaurant.Anothertip?Takingphotographsorwritingnotesatkeylocationscanhelpyoukeeptheminyourmemory.Finally,trytorelaxwhenyou’reonunfamiliarground.____14____Butthissuddenanxietywillonlypreventyoufromcalmlyworkingoutwhichwaytogo.Besides,gettinglostisoneofthebestwaystodiscovernewplacesandaddmoredetailtothatever——growingmentalmap,bothofwhichwillhelpyouhaveabettersenseofdirectioninthelongterm.Yoursenseofdirectionisause-it-or-lose-itskill.Ifyouonlysticktotheroutesyoualreadyknow,it’snevergoingtogetanybetter.____15____A.Don’tjustlookwhereyou’regoing.B.Sonowit’sthetimetostartexploring!C.Ifyou’reoneofthe“lost”ones,havenofear.D.Anxietyplaysaroleinoursenseofdirection,too.E.It’salltooeasytogetanxiousifyoususpectyoumaybelost.F.Developingagoodsenseofdirectionusuallytakesmuchpractice.G.Butignoreitifyoureallywanttoimproveyoursenseofdirection.【答案】11.C12.G13.A14.E15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍提高方向感的技巧。【11题详解】上文“Itseemslikesomepeoplearebornwithagoodsenseofdirectionwhileothersarealwaysgettinglost.”（似乎有些人天生就有很好的方向感，而另一些人总是迷路。）及下文“Youcanimproveyoursenseofdirection.Youjustneedtoworkatit.”（你可以提高你的方向感。你只需要努力。）说明方向感可以通过努力提高。C项“如果你是容易迷路的人之一，不要害怕。”承上启下，故选C。【12题详解】上文“Nowadays,ofcourse,it’sconvenienttorelyonGPSratherthancommitalong,complexroutetomemory.”（当然，如今，依靠GPS，而不是将长而复杂的路线记牢，是很方便的。）及下文“Studyingalargermapandrememberingtheroutebeforeyousetoutdoeshaveitsbenefits.”（研究更大的地图并在出发之前记住路线确实有其好处。）说虽然GPS很方便，但是记住地图上的路线更有助于方向感。G项“但是，如果你真的想提高你的方向感，那就忽略它吧。”承上启下，指出为了提高方向感，需要忽略GPS。故选G。【13题详解】下文“It’salsoimportanttonoticewhat’saroundyouinalldirections.Insteadofstaringstraightahead,makesureyoulookup,downandbehindyouaswell.”（注意你周围四面八方的东西也很重要。与其直视前方，不如确保你也向上、向下和向后看。）说明注意周围事物的重要性。不要一直直视前方，不要一直关注自己要去的地方。A项“不要只关注你要去哪里。”引出下文，故选A。【14题详解】上文“Finally,trytorelaxwhenyou’reonunfamiliarground.”（最后，当你在不熟悉的地方时，试着放松。）和下文“Butthissuddenanxietywillonlypreventyoufromcalmlyworkingoutwhichwaytogo.”（但这种突如其来的焦虑只会阻止你冷静地找出该走哪条路。）说明不认识路会让人焦虑，会使人不冷静，会妨碍自己对路线的判断。E项“如果你怀疑自己可能迷路了，很容易感到焦虑。”中的“anxious”与下文内容一致，引出下文，故选E。【15题详解】上文“Yoursenseofdirectionisause-it-or-lose-itskill.Ifyouonlysticktotheroutesyoualreadyknow,it’snevergoingtogetanybetter.”（你的方向感是一种要么使用它，要么失去它的技能。如果你只坚持你已经知道的路线，它永远不会变得更好。）说明想要让方向感变得更好，不要只是走熟悉的路线，而是要探索新路线。B项“所以现在是时候开始探索了！”与上文内容一致，通过探索新路线帮助提高方向感。故选B。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20个小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ThefirsttimemymomcameovertobabysitAlice,ournewborndaughter,foracoupleofhours,allIwantedtodowastakemyelderlyBrooklynoutforawalk.Brooklynwas____16____mydog.Fourteenyearsago,whenIfirstsawherinthepetstore,Iknewitwasadonedeal:wewere____17____.Ihadneverhadapet____18____,butIwelcomedeverythingaboutit.I____19____herwholelifeinphotos.Andduringlarge____20____gatherings,seeingmewithbabyBrooklyn,myfavouriteauntwouldtellmeonedayIwouldbeagreat____21____.Brooklynwas____22____gettingoldandgreywhenmydaughterwasborn,butshe____23____thenewbabywithgentleness.However,asmydaughter____24____moreandmorespaceinmylife,Brooklyn'splaceinitbeganto_____25_____.Andthelessofapriorityshebecame,thefurtherIfeltfrommyoldselfandthethingsthatusedtobe_____26_____tome.Bythetimeshewasnearly17,shewasina(n)_____27_____condition.Thedayshedied,shewasinsomuch_____28_____.Ifoughtbackmytearsandburiedmy_____29_____inherfurasIcarriedhertothe_____30_____.Whenthepetdoctorgavehertwoshotsthatwouldmakeher_____31_____forever,Iwatchedherbigbrowneyesgo_____32_____.“Restnow,mybaby."I_____33_____toher.Fouryearslater,Istill_____34_____thatdogeveryday,becauseshewastheonewhotaughtmetheheart-breakingbeautyofbeing_____35_____byanotherlivingbeing.16.A.actually B.merely C.surely D.apparently17.A.recognized B.perceived C.reunited D.attached18.A.standingby B.movingabout C.growingup D.fittingin19.A.protected B.identified C.documented D.recalled20.A.company B.family C.school D.club21.A.doctor B.friend C.mother D.neighbour22.A.also B.already C.instead D.even23.A.welcomed B.hugged C.fed D.satisfied24.A.saved B.explored C.created D.occupied25.A.expand B.disappear C.shift D.fall26.A.simple B.tiring C.important D.safe27.A.critical B.fair C.steady D.original28.A.pain B.anger C.trouble D.danger29.A.hands B.face C.body D.feet30.A.farm B.park C.zoo D.hospital31.A.cheerup B.fallasleep C.holdon D.keepquiet32.A.cold B.blank C.still D.blind33.A.whispered B.sighed C.whistled D.nodded34.A.attend B.greet C.guard D.miss35.A.admired B.needed C.approved D.remembered【答案】16.A17.D18.C19.C20.B21.C22.B23.A24.D25.D26.C27.A28.A29.B30.D31.B32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了14年前作者开始养了一只狗，作者很喜欢她，像一位母亲一样照顾她，但是后来作者的女儿出生了，作者把注意力都放在女儿身上，而狗狗的地位下降了。后来，狗狗去世了，作者很伤心，现在仍然每天都想起它。【16题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Brooklyn是我的狗。A.actually事实上；B.merely仅仅，只是；C.surely肯定；D.apparently显而易见地。由上文“allIwantedtodowastakemyelderlyBrooklynoutforawalk.”可知，上文提到作者的母亲第一天来照顾自己的孩子时，作者想做的事就是带着Brooklyn出去散步，此处具体解释谁是Brooklyn，事实上，Brooklyn是作者的狗。故选A。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：14年前，当我第一次在宠物店见到它时，我就知道收养它是板上钉钉的事，我们彼此很喜欢对方。A.recognized认出；B.perceived察觉；C.reunited团聚；D.attached系上，使依恋。由上文“Fourteenyearsago,whenIfirstsawherinthepetstore,Iknewitwasadonedeal”可知，作者第一次在宠物店见到Brooklyn的时候，就知道Brooklyn就是自己想要的狗，所以此处说彼此很喜欢。故选D。【18题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我从来没有养过宠物，但是我对这只狗的一切都很满意。A.standingby支持；B.movingabout走来走去；C.growingup长大；D.fittingin适应。由上文“Ihadneverhadapet___3__,butIwelcomedeverythingaboutit”可知，作者虽然以前从未养过狗，但是作者对Brooklyn的一切都感到满意。故选C。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我用照片记录了它的一生。A.protected保护；B.identified认出；C.documented记录；D.recalled回想。由下文“herwholelifeinphotos.”可知，作者用照片来记录Brooklyn的一生。故选C。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大家庭聚会的时候，看到我和Brooklyn在一起，我最喜欢的阿姨告诉我，有一天我会成为一位好母亲。A.company公司；B.family家庭；C.school学校；D.club俱乐部。由下文“myfavouriteaunt”可知，此处指家庭聚会。故选B。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大家庭聚会的时候，看到我和Brooklyn在一起，我最喜欢的阿姨告诉我，有一天我会成为一位好母亲。A.doctor医生；B.friend朋友；C.mother母亲；D.neighbour邻居。由上文“babyBrooklyn”可知，作者的阿姨看到作者照顾Brooklyn就像照顾孩子一样，所以说作者以后会成为一位好母亲。故选C。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我女儿出生的时候，Brooklyn已经老了，毛发也变白了，但它还是温柔地迎接了我刚出生的女儿。A.also也；B.already已经；C.instead代替，相反；D.even甚至。由下文“gettingoldandgreywhenmydaughterwasborn”可知，当作者女儿出生时，Brooklyn已经老了，毛发也变白了。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我女儿出生的时候，Brooklyn已经老了，毛发也变白了，但它还是温柔地迎接了我刚出生的女儿。A.welcomed欢迎；B.hugged拥抱；C.fed喂养；D.satisfied使满意。由下文“thenewbabywithgentleness.”可知，Brooklyn温柔地迎接作者刚出生的女儿。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着我女儿占据我越来越多的生活空间，Brooklyn的地位开始下降。A.saved节省；B.explored探索；C.created创作；D.occupied占据。由下文“moreandmorespaceinmylife,”可知，此处指作者把越来越多的注意力都放在女儿身上。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着我女儿占据我越来越多的生活空间，Brooklyn的地位开始下降。A.expand扩大；B.disappear消失；C.shift移动；D.fall下降。由下文“Andthelessofapriorityshebecame”可知，此处指Brooklyn的地位开始下降。故选D。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它变得越来越不重要，我就越觉得自己和以前的自己，以及那些曾经对我很重要的东西越来越疏远。A.simple简单的；B.tiring令人疲倦的；C.important重要的；D.safe安全的。由上文“Andthelessofapriorityshebecame,thefurtherIfeltfrommyoldselfandthethingsthatusedtobe”可知，Brooklyn变得越来越不重要，作者和它开始疏远，Brooklyn曾经在作者心里很重要，所以此处指作者觉得和以前的自己，以及对自己很重要的东西，如Brooklyn，越来越疏远。故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在它快17岁的时候，它病重了。A.critical病重的；B.fair公平的；C.steady稳定的；D.original原先的。由下文“Thedayshedied”可知，后来Brooklyn死了，所以可以推断出，此处指Brooklyn病重。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它死的那天，非常痛苦。A.pain痛苦；B.anger生气；C.trouble困难，麻烦；D.danger危险。由上文“Thedayshedied”和下文“Whenthepetdoctorgavehertwoshots”可知，Brooklyn病重的那一天，医生给它打针，所以可以推断出，它很痛苦。故选A。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我把它送到医院时，我强忍住眼泪，把脸埋在它的毛发里。A.hands手；B.face脸；C.body身体；D.feet脚。由下文“inherfur”可知，作者强忍住泪水，把脸埋在它的毛发里。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我把它送到医院时，我强忍住眼泪，把脸埋在它的毛发里。A.farm农场；B.park公园；C.zoo动物园；D.hospital医院。由下文“thepetdoctor”可知，作者把Brooklyn带到了医院。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当宠物医生给它打了两针，让它永远睡着的时候，我看着它棕色的大眼睛一动不动。A.cheerup使高兴；B.fallasleep睡着；C.holdon等一下；D.keepquiet保持安静。由下文“Restnow,mybaby,”和上文“Thedayshedied”可知，此处指宠物医生给它打了两针，让它永远睡着，此处“永远睡着”是指Brooklyn死了。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当宠物医生给它打了两针，让它永远睡着的时候，我看着它棕色的大眼睛一动不动。A.cold冷的；B.blank空白的；C.still静止的，不动的；D.blind瞎的。由下文“Restnow,mybaby,”和上文“Thedayshedied”可知，Brooklyn死了，所以它的眼睛一动不动。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“好好休息吧，我的宝贝，”我低声对它说。A.whispered小声说；B.sighed叹息；C.whistled吹口哨；D.nodded点头。由上文“Restnow,mybaby,”可知，作者低声对Brooklyn，让它安息。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年后，我仍然每天都想念那只狗，因为是它教会了我，被另一个生命所需要的那种令人心碎的美。A.attend出席，参加；B.greet打招呼；C.guard守卫；D.miss想念。由下文“thatdogeveryday,”可知，作者仍然每天都想念那只狗。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年后，我仍然每天都想念那只狗，因为是它教会了我，被另一个生命所需要的那种令人心碎的美。A.admired钦佩；B.needed需要；C.approved同意；D.remembered记住。由上文“Andduringlargegatherings,seeingmewithbabyBrooklyn,myfavouriteauntwouldtellmeonedayIwouldbeagreat.”可知，作者收养Brookly时，Brookly还是一只小狗，它的成长需要作者的照顾和陪伴，所以这里意思是作者被狗狗所需要。故选B。第二节（共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Wildanimalsareequippedwithavarietyoftechniquestoavoidbecominglunchforamuch____36____(big),toothieranimal.Themostwell-known____37____(method)includetheclassic“fight”and“flight”,aswellas“freeze”.Ateamofresearcherswondered____38____closenesstopeoplemightinfluencethosesurvivalstrategies.____39____(find)out,Blumsteinandhisworkmatescombinedinformationfrom173studiesofmorethan100species,____40____(include)mammals,birds,fishandsoon.Itturnsoutthattheanimalsreactinasimilarwaytolifeamonghumans:theylosetheiranti-predator(躲避掠食者）characteristics.Thatpatternis____41____(especial)obviousforsocialspecies.Thisbehavioralchangeisperhapsunsurprisingwhenit'stheresultofdomestication(驯化）,____42____meanstrainingoradaptingananimaltoliveinahumanenvironmentandbe____43____(use)tohumans.Urbanization(城市化）aloneresults____44____asimilarchange,thoughmuchmoreslowly.Iftheurbanizationprocess_____45_____(help)animalsbettercoexistwithpeople,itcanbetotheirbenefit.Butifitmakesthemweakeroreasiertobehurtbytheirnonhumanpredators,itcanbearealproblem.【答案】36.bigger37.methods38.whether##if39.Tofind40.including41.especially42.which43.used44.in45.helps【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述研究者们为了让动物和人类和平共存，想了很多的方法。【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：动物身上配备了各种各样的技术，就是为了避免他们成为更加大的牙齿更锋利的动物的午餐。根据句子结构和意思可知，前面有“much”修饰，所以这里考查形容词的比较级，作定语，修饰后面的名词“animal”。故填bigger。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：最有名的方法包括经典的“打”和“跑”，还有“冻”。根据句子结构和意思可知，句子的谓语动词“include”是复数形式，所以说明空格处要用可数名词复数形式做主语。故填methods。【38题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：一组研究人员想知道接近人类是否会影响那些生存策略。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查及物动词“wondered”后面跟宾语从句。宾语从句中基本成分完整，上下文意思需要“是否”。故填whether/if。【39题详解】考查非谓语。句意：为了弄明白，Blumstein和他的工作人员们结合了来自于100多个物种的173项研究的信息，其中包括哺乳动物，鸟类，鱼类等等。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词不定式做目的状语，动词“find”是句子主语“Blumsteinandhisworkmates”主动发出的动作。故填Tofind。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：见第4题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词including，表示“包括”的意思。故填including。【41题详解】考查副词。句意：这种模式对社会物种来说尤其的明显。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查副词修饰形容词“obvious”。故填especially。【42题详解】考查定语从句。句意：当它是驯化的结果的时候，这种行为的改变也许就不令人吃惊了，驯化的意思是训练动物或者让动物适应住在人类的环境中，并且习惯于