题型专项突破-Unit5-阅读理解（人物篇）

9/9题型专项突破-Unit5阅读理解（人物篇）第一部分阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分,满分30分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1(2016•新课标=1\*ROMANI卷)YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years？JaneAddams(1860－1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907－1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930－present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913－2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RasaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil­rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.(1)WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory？A.Hersocialwork.B.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.C.Hereffortstowinaprize.D.Hercommunitybackground.(2)WhatisthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm？A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.(3)Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil­rightsmovementintheUS？A.JaneAddams. B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO’Connor. D.RosaParks.(4)Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext？A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace­lovers.2WhenSteveJobswasbornonFebruary24,1955,inSanFrancisco,California,hisunmarriedmotherdecidedtoputhimforadoptionbecauseshewantedagirl.Sointhemiddleofthenight,hismothercalledalawyernamedPaulJobsandsaid,“Wehaveanunexpectedbabyboy;doyouwanthim？”ButhismothertoldhisfutureparentstopromisethattheywouldsendJobstocollege.AfterSteveJobsgraduatedfromhighschool,hewenttocollegebutdecidedtodropoutbecauseitwassoexpensivethathehadtosleeponthefloorinhisfriends’rooms.At20,heandafriend(SteveWozniak)startedacompanyinagarageonApril1,1976.Jobsnamedtheircompany—Appleinmemoryofahappysummerhehadspentatanorchard(果园)inOregon.After10yearsofhardtimeandfailures,startingfromtwokidsworkinginagarage,Applecomputereventuallygrewintoabigcompanywithover4000employees.At30,Jobs,however,wasfiredfromthecompanyheco­founded.Butafterhehadtoleavethecompany,Applewasunderheavypressurefromrival(对手)Microsoftandin1996postedbillionsofdollarsinlosses.AppleneededSteveJobsandhewasappointedasApple’sCEOin1997.Underhisleadership,ApplereturnedtoprofitabilityandintroducednewproductssuchastheiPod,theiPhoneandtheiPod.SteveJobsoncesaid,“Sometimeslifehitsyouintheheadwithabrick.Don’tlosefaith.I’mconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeptmegoingwasthatIlovedwhatIdid.You’vegottofindwhatyoulove.Ifyouhaven’tfoundityet,keeplooking.(1)SteveJobsdidn’tfinishhiscollegeeducationbecausehe________.A.wantedtostartacompany.B.hadfinancialproblems.C.tooknointerestinhismajor.D.hatedtoshareroomswithhisfriends.(2)ItcanbeinferredthatApple________.A.wasfoundedinOregonB.developedfromagarageC.hadadifficultbeginningD.hadasuccessfulbeginning(3)WhatcanwelearnfromwhatSteveJobssaid?A.Interestiskeytosuccess.B.Hopehelpsussucceed.C.Attitudeiseverything.D.Couragegoeswithconfidence.3HisfirstsuccessfulfightwasfortheequalrightsofblackpeopleinSouthAfrica.Then,asthefirstblackpresident,hefoughttounitethecountryandorganizethegovernment.NowNelsonMandelahassethissightsonanewenemy,AIDS.OnMarch19theformerpresident,hostedhissecondAIDS­awarenessconcert.Hewarnedthat25millionpeopleinAfricawerealreadyinfectedwiththefataldisease.MandelawasborninasmallvillageinSouthAfricain1918.Hewasadoptedbythechiefofhistribeandcouldhavebeenachiefhimselfandlivedahappycountrylife.Butherefusedtobeachiefwhenhispeoplelivedunderracialdiscrimination(歧视).HedecidedtofightforequalrightsforallthepeopleinSouthAfrica.Before1990,underthecountry’sRacialSegregationLaw,colouredpeopleandwhitepeoplelivedseparately.Blackpeopleweretreatedunfairlyevenwhentakingabus.Blackshadtostandatthebackofthebustomakeroomforwhitepeopleevenwhentherewereonlyafewofthemonboard.Forhisoppositiontothesystem,Mandelawasarrestedandspent27yearsinprison.Hewasfreedin1990andbecamethepresidentofthecountryafterthefirstelectionwasheldinwhicheveryonecouldvote.Mandelawasnotonlyapoliticalfighterwhoattackedwithspeeches.Hewasalsoatrainedboxerandfoughtintheringwhenhewasyoung.“AlthoughIdidnotenjoytheviolenceofboxing,Iwasinterestedinhowonemovedone’sbodytoprotectoneself,howoneusedastrategybothtoattackandretreat,”hewroteinhisautobiography.Asaskillfulfighter,hechosemusicashisweaponagainstAIDS.HehopestowinanothervictoryagainstAIDS.(1)WhenwasMandelaarrested?A.In1963. B.In1990.C.Whenherefusedtobeachief. D.Whenhebecamethepresident.(2)NelsonMandelasucceededindoingthefollowingEXCEPT________.A.winningtheequalrightsfortheblackpeopleinSouthAfricaB.unitingSouthAfricaC.organizingagovernmentinSouthAfricaD.controllingthespreadofAIDS(3)IfNelsonMandelahadn’tfoughtagainstracialdiscrimination,he________.A.couldhavebeenthepresidentofSouthAfricaB.couldstillhavelivedahappylifeC.couldhavebeeninadifficultsituationD.wouldhavebeenanexcellentboxer(4)WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribethelifeofNelsonMandela?A.Struggleishislife. B.Sportsmakehisfame.C.Fightforequalrights. D.Agreatfighteragainstthegovernment.4JamesClevelandOwenswasthesonofafarmerandthegrandsonofblackslaves.HisfamilymovedtoClevelandwhenhewas9.There,aschoolteacheraskedtheyouthhisname.“J.C,”hereplied.Shethoughthehadsaid“Jesse”,andhehadanewname.Owensranhisfirstraceatage13,Afterhighschool,hewenttoOhioStateUniversity.Hehadtoworkparttimesoastopayforhiseducation.Asasecondyearstudent,intheBigTengamesin1935,hesetevenmorerecordsthanhewouldintheOlympicGamesayearlater.AweekbeforetheBigTenmeet,Owensaccidentallyfelldownaflightofstairs.Hisbackhurtsomuchthathecouldnotexerciseallweek,andhehadtobehelpedinandoutofthecarthatdrovehimtothemeet.Herefusedtolistentothesuggestionsthathegiveupandsaidhewouldtry.Hedidtry,andtheresultsareintherecordbook.ThestagewassetforOwens’victoryattheOlympicGamesinBerlinthenextyear,andhissuccesswouldcometoberegardedasnotonlyathleticbutalsopolitical.HitlerdidnotcongratulateanyoftheAfricanAmericanwinners.“Itwasallrightwithme,”hesaidyearslater.“Ididn’tgotoBerlintoshakehandswithhim,anyway.”HavingreturnedfromBerlin,hereceivednotelephonecallsfromthepresidentofhisowncountry,either.Infact,hewasnothonoredbytheUnitedStatesuntil1976,fouryearsbeforehisdeath.Owens’Olympicvictoriesmadelittledifferencetohim.Heearnedhislivingbylookingafteraschoolplayground,andacceptedmoneytoraceagainstcars,trucks,motorcyclesanddogs.“Sure,itbotheredme,”hesaidlater.“Butatleastitwasanhonestliving.Ihadtoeat.”Intime,however,hisgoldmedalschangedhislife.“Theyhavekeptmealiveovertheyears,”heoncesaid.“Timehasstoodstillforme.Thatgoldenmomentdieshard.”(1)Owensgothisothername“Jesse”when________.A.hewenttoOhioStateUniversityB.histeachermadefunofhimC.histeachertook“J.C”for“Jesse”D.hewongoldmedalsintheBigTenmeet(2)IntheBigTenmeet,Owens________.A.hurthimselfinthebackB.succeededinsettingmanyrecordsC.triedeverysportseventbutfailedD.hadtogiveupsomeevents(3)WecaninferfromthetextthatOwenswastreatedunfairlyintheUSatthattimebecause________.A.hewasnotoftherightraceB.hewasthesonofapoorfarmerC.hedidn’tshakehandswithHitlerD.hedidn’ttalktotheUSpresidentonthephone(4)WhenOwenssays“Theyhavekeptmealiveovertheyears...”,hemeansthatthemedals________.A.havebeenchangedformoneytohelphimliveonB.havemadehimfamousintheUSC.haveencouragedhimtoovercomedifficultiesinlifeD.havekepthimbusywithallkindsofjobs(5)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.JesseOwens,agreatAmericanathleteB.Goldenmoment—alifetimestruggleC.Makingalivingasasportsman二、（共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtofindtimeforyourselfDoyoueverfindyourselflongingforsometimeforyourself?Manyofusaresobusywithwork,school,andhomelifethatoftenthereisnotimeleftovertodosomethingthatyouenjoy.Whatfollowsaresomewaystocarveoutthatessentialtimeyouneedtoslowdown,enjoylife.1.________Thisisagreatonebecauseyou’reaccomplishingmanythingsatonce.You’regettingexercise,youhavetimetothinkorenjoymusic,andyou’rehelpingtosavetheenvironment.Arriveearly.2.________Thenusethistimeforyourself:reading,writing,relaxation,thinking,whatever.Buyticketsinadvance.Sports,theater,concerts,oranyothereventyouwouldenjoy.Scheduletheplanswithafriendlater.3.________Eveningswithyourself.4.________Ifothersaskyoutodothingsthosenights,justtellthemyouhaveplans.Usethetimeforgardening,reading,exercise,ordoingnothing!5.________Whatareyouinterestedin?Strikewhiletheironishot.Lookupaclubinyourareatodayandjoin!Ifyoucan’tfindaclub,considerstartingoneyourself!A.Joinagroup.B.Walktowork.C.Takeaneducationclass.D.Trytosavecertainweeknightsjustforyou.E.Ifyouwantmoretimeforyourself,youcangetF.Anyappointmentthatyouhave,plantoarrive15­30minutesearly.G.Havingtheticketsalreadyinyourhandwillforceyoutomakeithappen!D.Howtobeasuccessfulathlete

参考答案：1.答案：(1)-(4)ACDC解析：文章大意：本文介绍了几位著名的女性。(1)细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知,她是一位社会工作者,而且获得诺贝尔和平奖,故选A。(2)细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话“...shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.”可知,她因为是女性而被法律公司拒绝录用,原因在于对女性的歧视故选C。(3)细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中“...andkickedoffthecivil­rightsmovement”可知,RosaParks对民权运动做出了贡献。故选D。(4)推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize”；第三段第一句“Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentmovementmightnotexisttoday”；第四段第二句“..