英语：语法讲义大全

英语语法讲义

学习英语语法的目的：

要回答这个问题，先简要讨论一下要不要学习英语语法的问题。这个问题，答案也许是很清楚的。主张英

语语法可以不学的人往往这样说：我们中国人，如果智力正常，从小就会说汉语，能遣词造句，没见过

哪个小孩先学语法再学话的。再说，英语讲得多了，有了语感，语法还不是水到渠成的事。

这种实践出真知的说法，绝对是正确的。但我仍主张学一点英语语法。本人没受过很好的教育，更不懂高深

的语言学理论，但一直有这样的看法：在我们中国，百年都没有营造出正常情况下用正式英语交际的大氛围

和小氛围，所以难以在投入产出比符合经济效益的前提下培养出•定的英语语感。语法，实际上就是给你语

言整体上的语感（规则），既给你能解释语言现象的鱼，又教你如何用语感去钓语言深层的鱼。何乐而不为呢？

说到这，学习英语语法的目的也就清清楚楚了：弥补氛围难以在短期内培养一定语感的缺憾，比较经济地获

得英语整体的语感。当然，也为通过我们这个考试大国的众多英语测试提供初级“抱佛脚”的方法。

学习英语语法的范围：

学习英语语法的范围，指的是学习英语语法需掌握的内容程度。既然我们学习英语语法的目的那么简单实际,

到啥山唱啥歌吧。范围不必很大，也就是说面不宜太宽，点也不宜研究太深，毕竟需要用英语说之乎者也的

人不多。另外，我认为通过学习英语语法，求得对英语的整体感觉非常重要。有了整体感，可以揭开英语的

神秘面纱，知道了对手的模样，就知己知彼了；有了整体感，对语言就有了“君临天下”之气，加之不懈的

积累，从掌握语法的必然王国，进而出入语言的自由王国。出于这种考虑，这个讲义编得非常简单，有些方

面甚至还不如高中所学的内容，但实用语法的基本脉络比较清晰。

学习英语语法的方法：

英语语法书很多，学习英语语法的方法也不少。学好一样东西，本没有绝对好的方法。号称包治百病的医生，

要么是庸医，要么是骗子。事实上，每个人可以根据自己的实际情况，在不断尝试中摸索出适合自己的方法。

依我这个半路出家的人看来，不管用什么方法学英语语法，进而学英语语言，一是要有整体语感，要学会归

纳和演绎，由此及彼；三是要借助对母语的了解，琢磨汉语和英语的异同之处，转而进行两种语言之间的由

此及彼。比如：学了wish的宾语可以用不定式，可以推理出名词wish的定语、表语也有可能是不定式。是还

是不是？一查词典便知。汉语的“讨论”一词用动词短语作宾语，中间一般要加个wh-词，如能说“讨论如

何学习英语”，不能说“讨论学习英语”。英语里的discuss用不定式作宾语是否也是如此呢？英语中类似的词

是否是同样情况呢？花点时间就解决问题。

对语言的分析能力，实际上以对语言的整体语感为基础的，更是以对语言完整的整体语感为目的的。说到底，

语言不就是规律和例外的组合吗？！两三年积累下来，你就是语法高手。

1.名词

名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing,

China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book,sadness等。普通名词又可分

为下面四类：

1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。

2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。

3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。

4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。

个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不

可数名词。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：

专有名词

物质名词

不可数名词

抽象名词

名词

普通名词

集体名词

可数名词

个体名词

1.1名词复数的规则变化

情况构成方法读音例词

一般情况加-S清辅音后读/s/map-maps

浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-cars

以s,sh,ch,x等结加-es读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches

尾

以ce,se,ze,等结尾力口-S读/iz/license-licenses

以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es读/z/baby—babies

1.2其它名词复数的规则变化

1）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如:

twoMarystheHenrys

monkey—monkeysholiday—holidays

2)以。结尾的名词，变复数时：

a.加s,如：photo—photospiano—pianos

radio---radioszoo---zoos；

b.力口es,如：potato一一potatoestomato——tomatoes

c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero—-zeros/zeroes©

3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：

a.加s,如：belief—beliefsroof—roofs

safe—safesgulf—gulfs；

b.去f,fe加vcs,如：half—halves

knife—knivesleaf—leaveswolf—wolves

wife--wiveslife—livesthief—thieves；

c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieveso

1.3名词复数的不规则变化

1）child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teeth

mouse—miceman---menwomanwomen

注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women,如anEnglishman,two

Englishmeno但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。

2）单复同形，如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,two1i,threemu,fourjin

等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,

twometers。

3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：

peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople,apolice>acattle,但可以说aperson,

apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,

theSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中国人民

是勤劳勇敢的。

4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：

a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。

b.news为不可数名词。

c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。

TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：

"TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零--夜》是一本非常有趣的故事

书。

5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助

数量词pair（对，双）；suit（套）；apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。

6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）

鱼。

1.4不可数名词量的表示

1）物质名词

a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。

比较：Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数）

Thesecakesaresweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。（可数）

b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：

Thisfactoryproducessteel.（不可数）

Weneedvarioussteels.（可数）

c.当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：

Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。

Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。

2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：

fourfreedoms四大自由thefourmodernizations四个现代化

物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice

一则建议。

5.定语名词的复数

名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。

1）1）用复数作定语。例如：

sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室

talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系

2）man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：

menworkerswomenteachersgentlemenofficials

3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：

goodstrain（货车）armsproduce武器生产

customspapers海关文件clothesbrush衣刷

4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：

two-dozeneggs两打鸡蛋aten-milewalk十英里路

two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan.一个五年计划

1.6不同国籍人的单复数

国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数

中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese

瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss

澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians

俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians

意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians

希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks

法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen

日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese

美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans

印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians

加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians

德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans

英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen

瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes

1.7名词的格

英语中有些名词可以加〃's”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a

teacherJsbook。名词所有格的规则如下:

1）单数名词词尾加〃's〃，复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"‘s",如theboy'sbag男孩的书包，men,sroom

男厕所。

2）若名词己有复数词尾-s,只加〃‘〃，如：theworkers*struggle工人的斗争。

3）凡不能加"'s〃的名词，都可以用“名词+of+名词〃的结构来表示所有关系，如：thetitleofthesong

歌的名字。

4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the

barber's理发店。

5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's,则表示“分别有〃；只有一个's,则表示，共有工例如：

John'sandMary'srooms（两I旬）JohnandMary'sroom（——|0j）

6）复合名词或短语，'s加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：amonthortwo,sabsence

1.8练习

l.l.Hewaseagertomakesomeextramoney,sinceduringtheseyearshecouldhardlyliveonhis.

a.a.littlewageb.fewwagec.waged.wages

2.2.Mostofthehousesinthevillagewereburnttoduringthewar.

a.a.anashb.theashc.ashd.ashes

3.3.Thestudentsatcollegesoruniversitiesaremaking___forthecomingNewYear.

a.3.manypreparationsb.muchpreparationc.preparationsd.preparation

4.4.Paintingin__isoneoftheirspare-timeactivities.

a.a.oilb.anoilc.oilsd.theoil

5.5.Intheviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn'toilhere.

a.a.muchb.lotsofc.agreatdealofd.many

6.6.Thelargehousesarebeingpainted,but.

a.ofgreatexpenseb.atagreatexpensec.inalotofexpensesd.byhighexpense

7.7.Theroomwassmallandcontainedfartoo.

a.a.muchnewfurniturec.muchnewfurnitures

b.b.manynewfurnitured.manynewfurnitures

8.8.Jimwaslatefortwoclassesthismorning,liesaidthatheforgotbothofthe.

a.roomsnumberb.roomnumberc.room'snumbersd.roomnumbers

9.Computerscandoworkinashorttime,butamancannotdobyhimself.

agreatmany•••manyc.much*,eagreatdeal

b.agreatdealof…muchcl.many…agreatmany

10.10.Shedidn,tknow____hehadbeengiven.

a.a.howmanyinformationc.howmanyinformations

b.b.thenumberofinformationd.howmuchinformation

11.ll.Heinvitedal1ofhistojoinhisweddingparty.

a.a.comrade-in-armsc.comrades-in-arm

b.b.comrades-in-armsd.comrade-in-arm

12.12.A11theinthehospitalgotariselastmonth.

a.a.womendoctorsc.womandoctors

b.b.womendoctord.womandoctor

13.13.Aftertenyears,al1theseyoungstersbecame.

a.a.growns-upsc.growns-up

b.b.grown-upd.grown-ups

14.14.Thepoliceinvestigatedthose__abouttheaccident.

a.a.stander-byc.standers-by

b.b.stander-bysd.standers-bys

I5.15.TheNazikeptthoseintheirconcentrationcamp.

a.a.prisoner-of-warsc.prisoners-of-war

b.b.prisoners-of-warsd.prisoner-of-war

16.16.ThemanagerwasgreatlyappreciatethatmaclebyLindalately.

a.a.newreelb.newsreelc.new-reelsd.newsreels

17.17.MaryJsdressissimilarinappearancetoher.

a.eldersisterb.eldersister,sc.eldersistersd.eldersistersdress

18.18.Allthepeopleattheconferenceare.

a.mathematicteachersc.mathematicsteacher

b.b.mathematicsteachersd.mathematictsteachers

19.ProfessorMackaytoldusthatofleadareitssoftnessanditsresistance.

a.a.somepropertyc.properties

b.b.somepropertiesd.property

20.20.Physics_withmatterandmotion.

a.a.dealb.dealsc.dealingd.are

21.21.Hehaswrittenseveralbooks,buthislastworkswellknownamonghisfriends.

a.a.haveb.havebeenc.isd.are

22.22.Afterhecheckedupmyheart,thedoctoradvisedhimtorestforafewdays.

a.a.father-in-1awJsc.father,s-in-law

b.b.father-in-lawd.father1s-in-law*s

23.23.Hetoldmewouldcometohisbirthdayparty.

a.a.manyJackfriendsc.manyJack'sfriend

b.b.Jack'smanyfriendsd.manyfriendsofJack's

24.24.1hadmyhaircutatthe__aroundthecorner.

a.a.barberb.barbersc.barber,sd.barbersf

25.25.Yesterdayeveningwehadalovelyeveningat.

a.a.PeterandHelen,sc.PeterandHelen

b.b.PeterandHelensd.Peter,sandHelen's

26.26.receivesonlyasmallportionofthetotalamountofthesun'senergy.

a.a.Theearth'ssurfacec.Thesurfaceofearth

b.b.Thesurfaceearthd.Theearthsurface

27.27.Numerousmaterialsareavailableto.

a.a.todayofdesignersc.today'sofdesigners

b.b.today'sdesignersd.todaydesigners

28.28.WhydidyouspeaktoPeterthatway?Dor/tyouknowheisanoldfriendof?

a.a.mybrotherb.mybrothersc.mybrother*sd.mybrotherJsfriend

29.29.isawell-informedman.Hecantellyouanythingyouwanttoknow.

a.a.ThisJohn,soldfriendc.That'sJahn,soldfriend

b.b.ThisoldfriendofJohnd.ThisoldfriendofJohn's

30.30.istoomuchforalittleboytocarry.

a.a.Abike"sweightc.Theweightofabike

b.b.Theweightsofabiked.Bile'sweight

31.31.GenerallytherearetelevisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday.

a.a.littleb.muchc.alargenumberofd.alargeamountof

32.32.Whentheygottothelecture-room,therewereleft.

a.a.onlyfewseatsb.averyfewseatsc.onlyafewseatsd.soafewseats

33.33.travelsfasterwhenthezipcodeisindicatedontheenvelope.

a.3.AlittlemaiIb.Apieceofmai1c.Amai1d.Asmal1mai1

34.34.TheDepartmentpurchasedtoimprovetheworkingconditionsthere.

a.a.anewequipmentc.newequipments

b.b.anewpieceofequipmentd.newpiecesofequipments

35.35.Theboytriedhardbuttherehasbeeninhiswork.

a.a.littleimprovementc.manyimprovements

b.b.alittleimprovementd.fewimprovements

36.36.Today'smodernTVcamerasrequirelightascomparedwiththeearliermodels.

a.a.onlyafewb.onlyfewc.onlyalittled.onlylittle

37.37.Nocountrycanaffordtoneglect.

a.a.aneducationb.educationsc.educationd.theeducation

38.38.Pleasewritetheanswerstothequestionsattheendof.

a.a.eighthchapterb.chaptereightc.eightchapterd.chaptertheeight

39.39.isonlysurpassedbythatofmonkeys'andapes,.

a.a.Theintelligentdogc.Theintelligenceofdogs

b.b.Thedogswhoseintelligenced.Thedogsbeingintelligent

40.40.A11musttakethegraduateManagementAdmissionTest.

a.a.businessstudentb.business,sstudentsc.businessstudentsd.business,

sstudent

41.41.anywhereintheUnitedStatescostslessthanadollarwhenyoudialityourself.

a.a.Threeminutescallc.Athree-minutescall

b.b.Three-minutecal1d.Athree-minutecall

42.42.The___aboutnuclearenergyrevolvesaroundthewasteproblem.

a.a.public,schiefconcernc.chiefpublicconcern

b.b.publicchiefconcernd.chiefconcernofpublic's

43.43.thefirstandlargestethnicgrouptoworkontheconstructionofthetranscontinental

railroad.

a.Chinesewereb.TheChinesewasc.Chinesewasd.TheChinesewere

44.44.—cangetabetterviewofthegamethantheparticipants.

a.a.Looker-onb.Lookers-onc.Looker-onsc.Lookers-ons

45.45.Agroupofspectatorswasdispersedbythepolicewho___atthesceneoftheaccidents

withinminutes.

a.a.wereb.havebeenc.wasd.hasbeen

46.46.Ourlivestocknotasnumerousastheyusedtobe.

a.a.isb.arec.bed.been

47.47.Oneofthemostsurprisingthingsisthat_maycomefrompetroleum.

a.a.muchoftomorrowfoodc.manyoftomorrowJsfood

b.b.muchofthefoodoftomorrowd.muchoftomorrowsfood

48.48.Scottisanorphanbuthereceived

a.a.verygoodeducationc.averygoodeducation

b.b.verygoodeducationsd.manygoodeducations

49.49.Afterseveralday'shardworking,wehavemadeonthedesign.

a.a.muchimprovementc.manyimprovement

b.b.severalimprovementsd.someimprovement

50.50.Theboywasveryhappythathismotherboughthimanewpairofshoesatayesterday.

a.a.shoesshopb.shoeshopc.shoesfsshopd.shoe's

51.51.Eggs,thoughnourish!ng,haveoffatcontent.

a.a.largenumberb.alargenumberc.ahighamountd.thehighamount

52.52.Hehasdonesomeonthatsubjectfromvariousanglesoverthepasttenyears,

a.a.researchb.aresearchc.researchesd.theresearches

53.53.Recently,hehaslostallhis.

a.a.wageandsavingatcardc.wagesandsavingatcard

b.b.wagesandsavingsatcardd.wagesandsavingsatcards

54.54.Thecountry*swealthcomeschieflyfromitsmany.

a.a.herdofcattleb.heardofcattlesc.herdsofcattled.herdsofcattles

55.55.InBritainthe_____areallpaintedred.

a.a.letterboxesb.lettersboxc.lettersboxesd.lettersTsbox

56.56.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad.

a.a.alittlewhitehairc.afewwhitehair

b.b.somewhitehaird.muchwhitehair

57.57.A11hisfarfromsatisfaction

a.a.conductisb.conductarec.conductsisd.conductswillbe

58.58.A1thoughthetownhadbeenattackedbythestormseveraltimes,wasdone.

a.a.afewdamagesb.fewdamagesc.littledamaged.alittledamage

59.59.Hewaswhattodo.

a.a.athiswitendb.athiswitsendc.athiswit'sendd.athiswits's

end

60.60.Wouldyouliketohaveacupofteaandwithme?

atwotoastsb.twopiecesoftoastc.twopieceoftoastsd.towpiecesoftoasts

61.61.Accurate___coveringthefactarenotobtainable.

a.a.datumb.datumsc.datad.datas

62.62.0nMondaymorningsometeachersexchangedafew

a.a.how-are-yousc.how-are-you*s

b.b.ofhow-are-you*sd.ofhowareyou

63.63.Albertsaidhemetthegirl

a.a.athisuncle*sSmithroomc.athisuncleSmith'sroom

b.b.atSmith1shisuncle,sroomd.attheroomofhisuncle*sSmith*s

64.64.11isfourmonthssinceIlastsawKeats,

a.a.atMrtSmith's,thebookseilerc.atmyaunt's,abookseller

b.b.atmyaunt's,MrsPalmer*sd.atMrsPalmer's,thebookseller's

65.65.Thisroomis_____.

a.a.theeditor's-in-chief*sofficec.theeditor-in-chief*soffice

b.b.theeditor-in-chiefofficed.theeditor's-in-chiefoffice

66.66.Myoldclassmate,ComradeSun,worksat___.

a.a.ateachercollegec.ateacher,scollege

b.b.ateachers*scolleged.acollegeofateacher,s

67.67.Thepolicemenputthecriminal___

a.a.inaironb.intoaironc.inironsd.intoapairofiron

68.68.Ourteachergaveme.

a.a.anadviceb.theadvicec.manyadviced.muchadvice

69.69.Mymothercuttheclothwithscissors.

a.a.ab.twoc.acoupleofd.apairof

70.MyhouseiswithinfromtheraiIwaystation.

a.astone*sthrowb.athrowofastonec.stone'sthrowd.thestone*sthrow

附：介词练习

1.1.Sheissuchanirritatingwoman,Idon,tknowhowyoucanher.

a.putupb.standuptoc.standwithd.putupwith

2.2.Togetmytraveler,scheckIhadtoaspecialchecktothebankforthetotalamount.

a.makeforb.makeoutc.makeoffd.makeup

3.3.Littleboysareeasily.

a.takeninb.takenawayc.takenoutd.takenover

4.4.Thecompanyisgoingtohand____thefreesamplestomorrow.

a.upb.outc.ond.down

5.5.Itwaspurely____chancethatthemistakewasdiscovered.

a.inb.forc.byd.from

6.6.Themagicianpickedseveralpersonsfromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwith

theperformance.

a.byaccidentb.onoccasionc.onaveraged.atrandom

7.7.Ileftfortheofficeearlierthanusualthismorningtrafficjam.

a.incaseofb.inlinewithc.forthesakeofd.attheriskof

8.8.Someareas,theirsevereweatherconditions,arehardlypopulated.

a.butforb.inspiteofc.duetocl.withregardto

9.9.Visitorsareaskedtocomplytheregulations.

a.atb.inc.withd.on

10.10.He_____somuchworkthathecouldn'treallydoitefficiently.

a.putonb.tookonc.broughtond.turnedon

11.11.Inordertosavetime,Imyshoppingtoonceaweek.

a.cutoffb.cutoutc.cutupd.cutdown

12.12.Theideahasthatsciencecannotbewrong.

a.piledupb.pickedupc.grownupd.putup

13.13.hedideverythinghecouldtopreventiffrom______intofighting.

a.breakingoffb.breakingupc.breakingoutd.breakingof

14.14.TheconstructionofthenewbuiIdingwi11cost1,000,000dollars,andit'snot

easytogetsomuchmoney.

a.atlastb.atmostc.atleastd.atlarge

15.15.Thethiefranawayasfastashecouldthepoliceman.

a.insightb.withinthesightofc.withinsightd.atthesightof

16.16.Fortoolong,Europeancanmakershavefoughttooldwaysandoldprivileges,

a.hangontob.haveaccesstoc.refertod.seeto

17.17.Whoeverafullnightrssleepwillbemorethanrewardedinheightenedproductivity,

creativityandfocus.

a.investsatb.investsinc.investsbyd.investswith

18.18.Prior_____hisdeparture,hewrotealettertohismother.

a.ofb.fromc.tod.in

19.19.Thecompanyisveryfamousthehighqualityofitsproducts.

a.inb.forc.byd.with

20.20.Oncehewasgivenachancetoimprovehispositioninthefirm,heseizeditboth

handsandisnowonhiswaytothetop.

a.onb.atc.ind.with

21.21.Thesemisfortunesalmostdeprivedhimhisfuturecareer.

a.withb.ofc.fromd.beyond

22.22.Idon't_____theexpense;Iwantthepartytobearealsuccess.

a.careforb.careaboutc.beincareofd.takecareof

23.23.Wemustgettheroofmendedbeforethewetweathersets_____.

a.aboutb.onc.upd.in

24.24.ThecarpulledbesidemeandthedriveraskedmetowaytotheGreatWall.

a.downb.offc.upd.out

25.25.Afterthewar,manywarshipswerelaidastheywerenotneededanylonger.

a.upb.asidec.downd.over

26.26.Whentherebelliondied_____thingsquicklyreturnedtonormal.

a.outb.awayc.clownd.through

27.27.I'11pickyou_____atyourcollegegateandtakeyoustraighttothestation.

a.onb.offc.outd.up

28.28.Willyoupleasesee_____ourluggagewhenIamaway?

a.tob.inc.withd.for

29.29.theyreachedthesmallvillagebeforedusk.

a.Towardstheendb.Bytheendc.Intheendd.Attheend

30.30.Maryhasleftthebookonthetablepurposesothatyoucanreadit.

a.withb.onc.ind.outof

31.31.Thatnoiseisgettinglouderbecausetheengineersaretheenginetoseeifthe

planeisreadytofly.

a.doingwithb.runningupc.turningind.tryingfor

32.32.Thegovernmentislookingnewmethodsofraisingmoneywithoutincreasingtaxes,

a.downonb.uponc.outford.around

33.33.Manissuperiortotheanimals_____hesueslanguagetoconveyhisthoughts.

a.andthatb.inthatc.sothatd.inorderthat

34.34.Notlongago,apersonwhoIknoweverywellwas_____anaccident.

a.relatedtob.includedinc.involvedind.subjectto

35.35.I______tohimfortheerror.

a.excusedb.pardonedc.forgaved.apologized

36.36.Thoughwehavenointerests_____common,wearegoodfriends.

a.onb.inc.ford.at

37.37.Thepursehasreturnedtotheoriginalowner_____.

a.inalongtimeb.inalongrunc.innotimed.atnotime

38.38.Wecan'thopetocatchupwiththatcar_____us.

a.inadvanceofb.inthefrontofc.atthefrontierofd.aheadof

39.39.Someanimalswillmodifytheirbehaviorto_theirenvironment.

a.adapttob.adopttoc.suittod.conformto

40.40.Don,tgoingabroadthissummer,wemaynothaveenoughmoney.

a.countonb.comeonc.attendupond.frownupon

41.41.Don'tsuspectyourdaughter_____dishonesty.

a.ofb.forc.withd.to

42.42.Attheheadofthevalleyweturnedrightand______thesummit.

a.setupb.tookupc.madeford.wentfor

43.43.Her