高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 12 Innovation Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking 同步练习 (二)

Unit12InnovationLesson3StephenHawking【基础知识过关】Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Therehasbeenasharp________(下降)inprofitsthisyear.2．Thestonerolleddownthemountainby________(重力)．3．Theweddingwasavery________(宏大的)occasion.4．Shewasrewardedforhereffortswithacash________(奖金)．5．Matterplaysacentralrolein________(宇宙学)．6．Iwantadvicethat'srealisticratherthan________(理论的)．7．She________(克服)injurytowintheOlympicgoldmedallastyear.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Hespent7daysinthewindandsnowcoldand________(hunger)．2．Hersuddenarrivalpreventedhim________(go)out.3．________theheavysnow,hemanagedtocome.4．By1989thatbusinessbecameoneofthebiggest________(supplier)ofmusictotelevision.5．Herparentsdon'tallowher________(stay)outlate.6．Hewaslateforwork.Thatwas________hewasstuckinatrafficjam.7．Insurancecosts________(reduce)forhousesfittedwithwindowlockslater.8．Theyhave________(successful)communicatedtheirknowledgetoothers.9．Asaresult,hefound________(him)cheatedbytheyoungman.Ⅲ.短语填空hearabout，ratherthan，anumberof，inspiteof，prevent...from...，lookfor，bediagnosedwith，beproudof1．________thefog,thecrewcandistinguishthecoastlinefairlywell.2．Iwouldstayathome________goshoppingwithyou.3．Althoughhisillnesshad________him________studying,hemanagedtopasstheexam.4．Wearepleasedto________thenewsthatyouwonthegame.5．Thechildrenliketo________shellsontheseashore.6．Heissoexcellentthathisparents________him.7．Afewyearsago,theactor________astrangediseasewhichwasdifficulttocure.8．Notonlywasshetheownerofthisbuilding,but________otherbuildingsaswell.Ⅳ.完成句子1．令我们感到宽慰的是，孩子们最终安然无恙地加到了家里。Toourrelief,thechildrenreturnedhome________________________atlast.2．他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。He______________________________thisbook,______________________rememberedwhathehadread.3．尽管天气不好，运动会将按时举行。____________________________________，thesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.4．孩子们不被准许收看暴力电视节目。Thechildren________________________________violentTVprogrammes.5．在她18岁的时候，她赢得了比赛一等奖。__________________________________18,shewonthefirstprizeinthecompetition.6．山东省以丰富的农产品而出名。ShandongProvince______________________________itsabundantagriculturalresources.7．在老师们的帮助下，我们完成了所有的任务。__________________________________ourteachers,wehavefinishedallthetasks.8．由于干旱，明年将有数百万人面临饥饿的威胁。__________________________________thedrought,millionsofpeoplewillfacestarvationnextyear.Ⅴ.课文语法填空StephenHawkingwasbornin1942.HestudiedattheUniversitiesofOxfordandCambridge,1.________attheageof21,he2.________(diagnose)withaseriousdisease.However,hefinishedhiseducationandgotajobattheUniversityofCambridgeandcontinuedhisworkin3.________(theory)physicsandcosmology.Whilehisreputationforhisworkspread,hisphysicalabilitygot4.________(bad).In1985,after5.________operation,hestartedtouseapieceofspeech­generatingequipment6.________(help)himtalk.However,Hawkingneverceasedhisstudiesandhecontinuedtodevelophistheoriesontheuniverse.Hawkingbelievedthathewasnotan7.________(lucky)person.Fromhisdiagnosisat21heregardedeverythingsincethen8.________abonus.Hewasproudofhisfamilyandhiswork,andheappreciatedthehelpthatmanypeoplehadgivenhim.On14March,2018,oneoftheworld'smostinfluential9.________(scientist),StephenHawking,diedathishomeinEngland,10.________(age)76.【能力提升训练】Ⅰ.阅读AWecanhavevideochatwithastronautsaboardtheInternationalSpaceStationandwatchlivefootagefromthefrozenheightsofamountain.Butcommunicatingwithasubmarine(潜艇)oradiverisnotsoeasy.Thelackofpracticalmethodsforsharingdatabetweenunderwaterairborne(空气传播的)deviceshaslongbeenafrustrationforscientists.Thedifficultystemsfromthefactthatradiosignalsworkperfectlyinairtravelbutpoorlyinwater.Sonar(声呐)signalsusedbyunderwatersensorsreflectoffthesurfaceofwaterratherthanreachingtheair.Now,researchersatMIThavedevelopedamethodwiththepotentialtorevolutionizeunderwatercommuni­cation.“Whatwe'veshownisthatit'sactuallyfeasibletocommunicatefromunderwatertotheair,”saysFadelAdib,aprofessoratMIT'sMediaLab,wholedthere­search.TheMITresearchersdesignedasystemthatusesanunderwatermachinetosendsonarsignalstothesurface,makingvibrations(震动)correspondingtothe1sandosofthedata.Asurfacereceiverthenreadsanddecodesthesetinyvibrations.TheresearcherscallthesystemTARF.Ithasanynumberofpotentialreal­worlduses,Adibsays.Itcouldbeusedtofinddownedplanesunderwaterbyreadingsignalsfromsonardevicesinaplane'sblackboxanditcouldallowsubmarinestocommunicatewiththesurface.Rightnowthetechnologyislow­resolution.Theini­tialstudywasconductedintheMITswimmingpoolatmaximumdepthsofaround11or12feet.ThenextstepsfortheresearchersaretoseeifTARFisworkableatmuchgreaterdepthsandundervaryingconditions­highwaves,storms,schoolsoffish.Theyalsowanttoseeiftheycanmakethetechnologyworkintheotherdirection­airtowater.Ifthetechnologyprovessuccessfulinreal­worldconditions,expect“textingwhilediving”tobethelatestunderwaterfashion.1．WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph1?A．Thefutureofvideochatunderwaterandinair.B．Thefrustrationsofdevelopingunderwaterdevices.C．Thedifficultyofcommunicationfromwatertoair.D．Thecurrentsituationofcommunicatingwithasub­marine.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“feasible”mean?A．Achievable. B．Convenient.C．Changeable. D．Alternative.3．WhatdoweknowaboutTARF?A．Itiswidelyusedtofinddownedplanes.B．Itcanworkwellatgreatdepthsunderwater.C．Itisanunderwatermachinethatsendssignals.D．Itcansend,receiveandreadsignalsfromunderwa­ter.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheReal­worldUsesofSonarTechnologyB．FullWater­to­airCommunicationClosertoRealityC．ABreakthroughintheApplicationofVideoChatD．TARFBecomingaNewMeansofCommunicationBFromself­drivingcarstocarebots(care＋robots)forelderlypeople,rapiddevelopmentintechnologyhaslongrepresentedapossiblethreattomanyjobsnormallyper­formedbypeople.Butexpertsnowbelievethatalmost50percentofoccupationsexistingtodaywillbecompletelyunnecessaryby2025asartificialintelligencecontinuestochangebusinesses.“Thenextfifteenyearswillseearevolutioninhowwework,andarevolutionwillnecessarilytakeplaceinhowweplanandthinkaboutworkplaces，”saidPeterAndrew,DirectorofWorkplaceStrategyforCBREAsiaPacific.Agrowingnumberofjobsinthefuturewillrequirecreativeintelligence,socialskillsandtheabilitytousear­tificialintelligence.Thereport­FastForward2030:TheFutureofWorkandtheWorkplace­isbasedoninterviewswith200experts,businessleadersandyoungpeoplefromAsiaPacific,EuropeandNorthAmerica.ItshowsthatintheUStechnologyalreadydestroysmorejobsthanitcreates.Butthereportstates:“Losingoccupationsdoesnotnecessarilymeanlosingjobs—justchangingwhatpeopledo.”Growthinnewjobscouldoccurasmuch,accordingtotheresearch.“Thegrowthof20to40personcompaniesthathavethespeedandtechnologicalknow­howwilldirectlychal­lengebigcompanies,”itstates.A2014reportbyPewResearchfound52percentofexpertsinartificialintelligenceandroboticswereopti­misticaboutthefutureandbelievedtherewouldstillbeenoughjobsinthenextfewyears.Theoptimistspictured“afutureinwhichrobotsdonottaketheplaceofmorejobsthantheycreate，”accordingtoAaronSmith,thereport'sco­author.“Technologywillcontinuetoaffectjobs,butmorejobsseemlikelytobecreated.Althoughtherehavealwaysbeenunemployedpeople,whenwereachedafewhundredbillionpeopletherewerebillionsofjobs.Thereisnoshortageofthingsthatneedtobedoneandthatwillnotchange,”Microsoft'sJonathanGrudintoldresearchers.5．Accordingtothereport,________.A．peoplewon'tnecessarilylosejobsB．bigcompanieswillfacefewerchallengesC．smallcompanieswillwinagainstbigcompaniesD．mostpeoplewillbecomeinterestedintechnology6．Wecaninferfromthetextthatinthefuture________.A．peoplewillfacemanydifficultiesB．peoplewilltakeupmorecreativejobsC．artificialintelligencewillthreatenpeople'slivesD．mostjobswillbedoneintraditionalworkplaces7．Whatistheattitudeofmostexpertsinartificialintelli­genceandroboticstothefuture?A．Mixed.B．Worried.C．Hopeful.D．Doubtful.8．JonathanGrudin'swordsinthelastparagraphsuggestthat________.A．therewillbeenoughjobsforpeopleB．thingswillchangealotinafewyearsC．manypeoplewillbecomeunemployedD．technologywilltotallychangefuturejobsⅡ.七选五ThreeinfivepeopleintheUKholdalibrarycard.Forsome,librariesareashelterfromthestressesofday­to­daylife.__1__Ifyou'reconsideringjoiningyourlocallibrary,nowisthetimetodoso.Andifyouneedanymoreencouragement,hereareseveralreasonswhyyoushould.MostlibrariesintheUKallowmembersofthegen­eralpublictocomeandgoastheylike.__2__Youcanalsotakeoutalibrarycardandborrowbooksforfree,althoughyouwillinevitablyfaceafineforlatereturns.__3__Imaginejusthowmanybooksyouhaveatyourfingertipswithalibrarycard.Therearelotsofmodernones,aswellasoriginalones,andyoucancontinuetoexpandyourlearningandvocabularyallthetime.It'sapricelessexperience,especiallyforkids,andalsoagreatwaytoleveltheeducationalplayingfield.Librariesdevelopwithtimes.Theyhavechangedgreatlysincedecadesago.__4__Somelibrarieshaveappssoyoucanseewhenyourbooksareduebackandevenreservebooksinsomecases.Therearealsolibrarieswhichletyouaccessbooksindigitalformatsonyourmobiledevice－prettycool.Librariesareoneofveryfewspacesleftintownsandcitieswheremembersofthepubliccancometogetherandactuallybeandfeellikeacommunity.Theyhavenoticeboardstoofferserviceslikeexerciseclassesorlearningcenters.__5__A．Librarieshelppeoplelearn.B．Librarieshelpeducatethekids.C．Theycreateagreatsenseofcommunity.D．Youcangoin,settledownandreadabookwithoutbeingchargedapenny.E．MostlibrariesnowhavecomputersandallowpeopletoborrowCDsandDVDs.F．Librarieshelpussavemoneyaswe'reborrowingbooksratherthanbuyingthem.G．Forothers,particularlythehomelessandpeopleinpoverty,alifelinetotheworld.Ⅲ.完形填空Ihadaperfectchildhood.__1__Isawwasnew,wonderfulandexciting.Iwas__2__whetheritwasrainyordry,whetheritwashotor__3__.Ijustwantedto__4__allthethingsaroundme.ButIcan't__5__time.WhenIreachedmyteens,Istartedtorealizetherewasadifferent__6__oflife.Inolongerhadenoughtimeforlittlethings－discoveringarainbowwasnot__7__，lookingatagiraffeinthezoowasnormal,and__8__abuildingwith50floorswasnotamazing.Arainydaywasa__9__daybecausethetrafficwasslow,andthefirstdayofspring__10__meofaller­gies(过敏).Lifemovesonagain.Thefirstdayofthemonthisnotjustthe__11__ofanewmonth;it'sthetimeto__12__bills.Goingtothesupermarketisa__13__；itisnotjustfunwalkingaround,lookingforthingsandseeingthepeoplearoundme.Lifeisa__14__inwhicheveryonehasmanyobliga­tions(责任),butifeveryonetriedtoseelifethroughtheeyesofachild,Iamsurethateverydaycouldbe__15__.,1．A.Everything B．SomethingC．Anyone D．None2．A.anxious B．gratefulC．confident D．happy3．A.warm B．coldC．windy D．snowy4．A.confirm B．introduceC．discover D．possess5．A.save B．recordC．tell D．stop6．A.way B．choiceC．side D．version7．A.challenging B．disturbingC．boring D．surprising8．A.painting B．seeingC．purchasing D．sharing9．A.bad B．specificC．favorite D．wonderful10．A.informed B．remindedC．persuaded D．freed11．A.breakthrough B．preparationC．beginning D．function12．A.showoff B．sendoutC．addto D．thinkabout13．A.trend B．dutyC．burden D．rule14．A.process B．rewardC．lesson D．skill15．A.worse B．shorterC．better D．slowerⅣ.语法填空Somepeoplearegreatatrememberingfaces.Oncetheymeetyou,theyneverforgethowyoulook,whileforotherpeople,rememberingafaceis1.____________(simple)impossible.Suchpeoplehaveaconditionofthebraincalled“faceblindness”，2.____________actualnameisdevelopmentalprosopagnosia(人面失认症)，orDPforshort.Therewasatimewhenfaceblindness3.____________(think)toberare.Butrecent4.____________(study)haveshownthatinmightbemorecommonthanexpertshadthought.ThelateststudyonfaceblindnesscamefromDuchaine,5.____________professorofpsychologicalandbrainsciencesatDartmouthCollege.Hewantedtofindout6.____________thetesteescouldrecognizepicturesoffamouspeopleornot.SoheusedfMRItomeasureactivitiesintheirbrains.AnfMRIcanidentifychemicalandotherchanges7.____________(result)frombloodflow.Resultsshowedthatwhen8.____________(show)famousfaces,thetesteesdrewablankwiththem.Buttheycouldidentifytheactorwhohasonespecificfeature,suchashisspecialchinormoustache.Duchainesaidthisstudy9.____________(it)wouldnotdirectlyleadtoanytreatments.However,hesaiditcouldleadtoamuch10.____________(deep)understandingofhowweremembertheworldaroundus.参考答案【基础知识过关】Ⅰ.单词拼写1．decline2.gravity3.grand4.bonus5.cosmology6．theoretical7.overcameⅡ.单句语法填空1．hungry2.going3.Despite4.suppliers5.tostay6．because7.wasreduced8.successfully9.himselfⅢ.短语填空1．Inspiteof2.ratherthan3.prevented;from4.heardabout5.lookfor6.areproudof7.wasdiagnosed8.anumberofⅣ.完成句子1．safeandsound2.notonlyread;butalso3.Inspiteofthebadweather4.arenotallowedtowatch5.Attheageof6.isfamousfor7.Withthehelpof8.AsaresultofⅤ.课文语法填空1．but2.wasdiagnosed3.theoretical4.worse5.an6．tohelp7.unlucky8.as9.scientists10.aged【能力提升训练】Ⅰ.阅读A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项麻省理工学院的科学家发明的从水下与地面上的人进行通信的技术。1．C段落大意题。通读第一段的内容可知，该段主要讲的是从水下与地面上的人进行通信非常困难，因此C项正确。2．A词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Now，researchersatMIThavedeveloped...underwatercommunication.”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种可能改变水下通信的方法，使从水下与地面上的人进行沟通成为可能，故画线词与A项“可实现的”意思最相近，故选A。3．D推理判断题。文章第三段详细讲述了TARF系统的工作原理：该系统使用一个水下机器向水面发送声呐信号，使震动与数据的1和0对应，然后水面接收器读取并对这些微小的震动进行重新编码，这样可以从水下与地面上的人进行通信。因此D项正确。4．B标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发明的一种解决了从水下与地面上的人无法进行通信联系这个难题的系统，研究人员将会把它投入到真实的状况下进行验证，因此B项最适合作本文标题。B【语篇解读】本文讲述了未来社会的人工智能大发展，大约50%的职业将消失，但失去职业并不等于丢掉工作，只是改变了人们的工作内容——人们将从事更具有创造性的工作。5．A细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Losingoccupationsdoesnotnecessarilymeanlosingjobs－justchangingwhatpeopledo.”可知，失去职业并不等于丢掉工作，只是改变了人们的工作内容。故选A。6．B推理判断题。根据第三段可知，人们将会从事更具创造性的工作。故选B。7．C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，多数人工智能专家对未来充满了希望。故选C。8．A推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，随着科技的发展，会有人失业，但也会应运而生出更多新的创造性的工作。故选A。Ⅱ.七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加入图书馆的原因。图书馆是人们减压的好场所，在那里人们还可以免费学习文化知识。1．G根据空前一句“Forsome，librariesareashelterfromthestressesofday­to­daylife.”可知，对一些人来说，图书馆是躲避日常生活压力的庇护所；据此可推知，空处应与此对应，介绍其他人对图书馆的看法，故G项符合语境。2．D根据空后一句“Youcanalsotakeoutalibrarycard...forlatereturns.”可知，你也可以拿出借书证免费借书，不过如果逾期还书，你将不可避免地面临罚款；据此可推知，空处应是介绍在图书馆免费读书的情况，故D项符合语境，衔接上下文。且D项中的“Youcan”与空后一句中的“Youcanalso”呼应。3．A根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合对本段的整体理解，尤其是该段第三句“Therearelotsofmodernones...allthetime.”可知，通过阅读，你可以拓展你的学习，扩大你的词汇量；据此可知，该段主要说明了图书馆可以帮助人学习，故A项正确。4．E根据本段的主题句“Librariesdevelopwithtimes.”和空后的“Somelibrarieshaveapps”可知，空处应是介绍现如今的图书馆利用现代技术设备的情况，故E项与此处匹配。5．C根据该段第一句“Librariesareoneofveryfewspacesleft...andfeellikeacommunity.”可知，图书馆能让公众聚集起来成为一个社区；结合空处位置可知，空处总结该段，即图书馆创造了一种社区意识，故C项正确。Ⅲ.完形填空【语篇解读】作者拥有一个无忧无虑的童年，但是随着时间的流逝，处于青春期的他再也找不到儿时的乐趣，同时生活的责任越来越大。作者建议人们从孩童的角度去看待生活，使生活变得更加美好。1．A根据空前一句中的“aperfectchildhood”可知，作者有一个完美的童年，所以所看到的一切都是新的、精彩的、令人激动的。everything“一切；所有事物”，符合语境。故选A项。something“某物”；anyone“任何人”；none“全无”。2．D根据第二句中的new,wonderful及exciting可知，作者一直都很快乐。happy“快乐的”，符合语境。故选D项。anxious“焦虑的”；grateful“感激的”；confident“自信的”。3．B根据空前的“rainyordry”可知，or前后为反义词，hot的反义词为cold。故选B项。warm“温暖的”；windy“多风的”；snowy“多雪的”。4．C根据上文中的“...Isawwasnew...”可知，作者对一切都感到新奇，总是想发现周围的一切事物。discover“发现”，符合语境。故选C项。confirm“确认；证实”；introduce“引进；介绍”；possess“拥有；具有”。5．D根据下一句中的“WhenIreachedmyteens”可知，此处表达作者无法让时间停止。stop“(使)停止；阻止”，符合语境。故选D项。save“拯救；节省”；record“记录”；tell“告诉；辨别”。6．C根据下文中的“discoveringarainbowwasnot...abuildingwith50floorswasnotamazing.”可知，儿童时期的新鲜感和新奇感消失了，取而代之的是生活的烦恼，也就是说，作者开始意识到生活还有另外一面。side“方面”，符合语境。故选C项。way“方法；方式”；choice“选择”；version“版本”。7．D根据上文中的“Istartedtorealizetherewasadifferent__6__oflife”可知，作者步入青少年后发现生活还有另一面，所以发现彩虹也不再感到吃惊。surprising“令人吃惊的”，符合语境。故选D项。challenging“富于挑战性的”；disturbing“令人不安的”；boring“无聊的；令人厌烦的”。8．Bdi