考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷21

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷21

一、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共2。题，每题

分,共20分。)

Threemakesatrend.TheWashingtonPostCo.Fridayannounced(hatitwouldlookto

sellitsheadquartersbuildingindowntownWashington,D.C.InJanuary,theDetroitFree

PressandTheDetroitNewsannouncedtheywouldputupforsaletheirheadquarters.

Thesamemonth,FrankGannettsaiditwillsellthebuildingthathousestheRochester,

N.Y.,Democrat&Chronicle.ThebuildingwastheplacewhereGannettstartedandbuilt

hisvastnewspaperempire.It'snosecretthatnewspapersareincrisis.Advertising

revenueshavefallenbyhalfinthepastdecadeandarebacktowheretheywerein1983;

circulationrevenuesarcbacktowheretheywerein1996.Thedigitalnumbersarerising,

butnotfastenough.Printmediaishamperedbyhighfixedcostsincurredinthepre-

digitalera-pensionsandunioncontracts,equipmentlikeprintingpresses,largenumbers

ofemployees,andbigofficebuildings.Virtuallyeverynewspapercompanyhasengaged

indrasticmeasures—layingeffexperiencedemployees,eliminatingsections,cutting

backprintingfromdailytoafewdaysperweek.Thoseeffortsareallmeanttolowerday

(o-dayoperatingcosts.Butwe'vealsoseennewspapercompaniesseekonetimeinjections

ofcashbysellingoffnon-coreassets.Increasingly,iheheadquartersbuilding-typically

locatedrightinthemiddleoftown—isfallinginto(henon-coreassetcategory.

Traditionalistsmayfindthesesalesandthecontinuedshrinkingofnewspapers'real-

estatefootprintstobedepressing.Butit'sactuallyapositivedevelopment.Callitcreative

destruction,oradaptivereuse.Incitiesaroundthecountry,investorsarefindingbetter

usesforproperties.InlowerManhattan,ClassBofficebuildingsthatusedtohouse

financialfirmshavebeenconvertedintoexpensiveseparateapartments."It'sagreat

thing,becauseitdrivesmoretaxrevenuetothecities.Anditgivesthesuburbsarunfor

themoney,"saidJonathanMiller,presidentofappraisalcompanyMillcrSamucLInD.C,

theWashingtonPostwilllikelyfetchanexcellentpriceforitsheadquartersbecause

Washingtonisaboomtown.ThroughoutD.C,investorsareplowingcashintohousing,

office,andretaildevelopments.Thebuildingthathousedtheorganizationthatexposed

(heWatergatescandalmaybecomethenextWatergatecomplexOfcourse,progress

inevitablydisplacesthepriortenants.Il'slikelythenewhomesthatwillbeoccupiedby

newspapermenandnewspaperwomeninWashington,Rochester,andDetroitwillbeless

grand,lesscentral,andlesshistoricthantheircurrenthomes.Andthesaleofthese

propertiesalonewon'tsolvethenewspapers'financialproblems.Butitwillbuythema

veryvaluablecommodity:time.

1、Bysaying"Threemakesatrend"(Para.I),theauthorimpliesthat.

A、thethreecompanieshavesoldtheirbuildingstogether

B、newspaper-publishershavewidelyfallenintocrisis

C^newspapergiantsstarttoenterhousingmarket

D^i【'spopularfbrprintingcompaniestochangeheadquarters

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干定位到第一段。Threemakesatrend该句总起全文，引出要

讨论的话题；该段随后分别列举了三个报业大集团出售其办公大楼的事例；紧接着

第二段Q)句点出卖楼原因乃是报业不景气(newspapersareincrisis),因而可知，该

句是想通过具体事例说明报业危机的趋势"end),故选B项。

2、AccordingtoParagraph2,whathasstoodinthewayofprintmedia'sfurther

development?

A^Thedeclineofadvertisingrevenues.

B、Thespreadofdigitalnews.

C、Theover-highoperatingcost.

D、Thelargeofficebuildings.

标准答案：c-

知识点解析：根据题干定位到第二段。由该段④句的Printmediaishamperedby

highfixedcosts”出版媒体深陷于高额固定成本的泥潭之中”可知，阻碍出版业发展

的因素是高昂的固定成本，因此选择C项。

3、Innewspaperindustry,drasticmeasuresareadoptedwiththepurposeto.

A^reduce(hestaffcost

B、optimizecompanysections

C、cutdownthedailyexpenditure

lookforonetimeinjectionofcash

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干中佬draslicmeasures可定位到第三段。该段采用总一分结

构，其中①句指出报业集团纷纷采取措施，破折号之后则是这些措施的具体做

法。紧接着②句点明所有努力都是为了lowerday-to-dayoperatingcosts“降低日常

运营成本”，故而选C项。

4>1(canbeinferredfromParagraph4that.

Astraditionalistsarestronglyagainstthesalesofnewspapers'buildings

B、thedestructionofnewspapers'buildingsisactuallycreative

C、thetradingofbuildingscanincreasetheurbanrevenue

D、moneyflowsarcrunningquicklyfromsuburbstobigcities

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干可直接定位到第四段。该段⑥⑦句双引号中提到米勒的意

见：becauseitdrivesmoretaxrevenuetothecities,即地产买卖可以为城市带来更多

的税收，也就是增加了城市收入，故C项正确。

5、Theauthor'sattitudetowardthebuilding-salesis.

A、negative

B、positive

C>neutral

D^indifferent

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考杳作者对出售办公楼的态度。一般来说，作者会在字里行间透

露自己的想法，并在一些关键显眼处重申或加强自己的观点，尤其是结尾处。全文

最后一句很明显是作者的想法，他认为售楼至少能为报业争取到宝贵的时间，由此

选B项。同时，在文章第四段作者的观点也得到鲜明表达一他认为可以将此称

作“创造性的破坏”或是“适应性再利用“，从这些词汇中所含有的积极语义也能判断

出作者持肯定的态度。

Twoofthemostcommonrumorsaboutimmigrantfamiliesarethattheydon'treallywant

tobecomeAmericanandthatthey'readragontherestofus.ButafascinatingnewPew

reportgiveslietobothfears.Intheprocess,itremindsuswhyimmigrationmatters.The

studyshowsfirstofallthatAmericanizationisproceedingasinevitablynowasduring

previousgreatwavesofmigration.Yes,today'simmigrantsareHispanicandAsianrather

thanEuropean.Butthathasnotmadeadifference.Today's20millionadultsonsand

daughtersofimmigrantshavelearnedEnglish,advancedeconomically,andintermarried

farmore(hantheirparentsdidandnomoreslowlythantheItaliansorIrishorPolesdida

centuryago.Nearlysixin(en-almostdoublethepercentageoftheirparents-consider

(hemselves"typicalAmericans."Asfbrwhetherimmigrantfamiliesareadragonsociety,

(hefactsareclear.Second-generationAmericans—thechildrenofimmigrants—arenot

justdoingbetterthanIheirparents.Theireducalionalattainmentandincomeareactually

abovethenationalaverage.Theyarecontributors.Ifanything,asotherresearchhas

shown,itisAmericathatcanbeharmfultoimmigrantfamilies:obesityandcriminality

increasefromthefirsttothesecondgeneration.Sothequestionshouldnotbehowto

keepnewcomersfromdilutingAmericabuthowtokeepAmericafromdilutingthe

newcomers.Thispresentsachallengetobothnative-bornAmericansandtoday's

immigrants.ThePewreportrotesthatAmericanswhoarcofforeignbirthorparentage,

so-called"immigrantstock,"willconstitutearecord37%ofthepopulationby2050.This

frightensmanywhiteAmericanstothecore,especiallythosewhoareolderandlivein

communitiesonlyrecentlytouchedbyimmigration.Butfortoday's"immigrantstock,"

(hismomentcreatesanopportunity.Immigrantsofearliercenturiesprovedthatevery

kindofEuropeancouldbecomesimplywhile;today'simmigrantsprovethateverykind

ofhumancanbecomesimplyAmerican.Butthismeansencouragingthem(ostrivenot

onlyfortheirownfamiliesbutalsoforthenation,throughserviceandcivicparticipation.

Weshouldbearinmindthatwhetherwearenative-bornornewcomer,ourtasknow,

then,istoapplyanimmigrantsingenuity,optimism,andperseverancetothesystematic

expansionofopportunityinAmerica,Todothat,ashistoryshowsandrecentstudies

confirm,it'llhelptohavemoreimmigrantsaround.

6、ThenewPewreporthasfoundthat.

A、thetworumorsaboutimmigrationarcuntrue

B、theimmigrationmattersshouldbeaddressed

C、HispanicandAsianimmigrantsdonothelpAmerica

D、Almostallimmigrantshaveastrongsenseofbelonging

标准答案：A、、、

知识点解析：作者先是否定了两个关于移民的谣言，接者论证移民不仅没有阻碍美

国社会的发展，反而为美国社会作出了贡献，最后更提出要运用移民的创造性、乐

观态度和坚韧不拔的精神来系统地为美国社会创造更多的机会，指出美国需要更多

的移民，由此可以推断出作者是支持移民的，D项正确。

Brothersandsistersfight,butwhenthebickeringevolvesintophysicaloremotional

abuse,it'sbullying.Ordinaryargumentsovertoysandwhogetsthefrontseatareone

thing,butarecentstudyfromresearchersattheUniversityofNewHampshirereports

thataggressionbetweensiblingscanescalateintobullying,andthatyoungvictimscanbe

harmedinthesamewayasthosewhoarcthreatenedbypeersontheplayground.Infact,

thestudyauthorssay,beingbulliedbyabrotherorsisterwaslinkedtoworsemental-

healthoutcomestorkidsandadolescents,similartothoseassociatedwithbeingbullied

hyunrelatedkidsintheschoolyard.Thenewstudy,publishedinthejournalPediatrics,

involvedthousandsofchildrenandadolescentsthroughouttheU.S.andfoundthatthose

whowerephysicallyassaulted,hadtheirtoysstolenorbrokenorenduredemotional

abusethatmadethemfeelfrightenedorunwantedbytheirsiblinghadhigherlevelsof

depression,angerandanxietythan(hosewithouttheseexperiences.Inordertostudyany

differencesbetweentheeffectsofsiblingbullyingandthoseofbeingthreatenedbyan

unrelatedbully,theresearcherscomparedtheeffectsofaggressivebehaviors,suchas

physicalviolence,breakingortakingtoysorbelongings,andabuse,likename-callingor

mocking,originatingfromsiblingswiththosecomingfromchildren'sunrelatedpeers.

Theyconcludedthatasfarasmental-healtheffectsareconcerned,therelationshipthat

thevicliinshadwillillicirbulliesdidn'tseemloinallcr.Thefindingsshowedthatsibling

bullyinghadthesameassociationwithincreasedanxiety,depressionandtraumaaspeer

aggression.That'saneyc-opcningresultsincemostparents—nottomentionthepublic

haveahighertoleranceforfightingandeventhreateningbehavioramongsiblingsthan

theydoforothersocialrelationships.Siblingfightingisoftendismissed,seenas

somethingthat'snormalorharmless.Someparentseventhinkit'sbeneficial,astraining

fbrdealingwithconflictandaggressioninotherrelationships.Butwhendoes(hatnormal

quarrelingevolveintosomethingmore?Parentsmayunknowinglyplayarolein

escalatingsomesiblingfightingintoabuse,JohnV.Caffaro,aclinicalpsychologistand

co-auihorofSiblingAbuseTrauma,toldtheNewYorkTimes.Ifparentsallowchildren

tocontinuouslyfightandconfronteachotherinaggressivewayswithoutintervening,or

iftheyplayfavoritesandlabelchildrenas"thesmartone"orthe"thequietone,"that

mayleadtomoreunhealthycompetitivenessbetweensiblingsthatdevelopsintoabuse.

Caffarosaidthatsinceviolencebetweensiblingsisoneofthemostcommontypesof

familialviolence,aggressionwiththeintenttophysicalhurtorhumiliateabrotheror

sistershouldbetakenseriously,andquashed.

11、Theword"bickering"(Line1,Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto.

A^beating

B、hitting

C、fighting

D、bullying

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干可直接定位到第一段①句。bickering之前用定冠词the修

饰，说明上文提到过这个词，也就是开篇第一句前半句Brothersandsistersfight”兄

弟姐妹会争吵”中的Eght“争吵”，故选C项。

12、ThenewstudypublishedinPediatricsshowsthat.

A^thousandsofchildrenandadolescentsin(heUSarebulliedyearly

B、theoutcomeofbeingbulliedbysiblingsisworsethanthatbypeers

C、kidsbulliedbytheirsiblingsaremoredepressedthanthosewhoarenot

D、beingbulliedbysiblingsisexactlythesameasbeingbulliedbyothers

标准答案：C

知识点解析；根据题干中的Pediatrics(《儿科》)这本杂志，可以迅速定位到第三

段。该段指出，新研究发现，那些身体受攻击……的小孩，与那些没有这种遭遇的

小孩相比，表现得更加沮丧、愤怒和焦虑。由此可以看出，受到欺凌的小孩比其他

没有此类经历的人要更加抑郁，故选C项。

13、Aftercomparing(heeffects,theresearchersfoundthat.

A、siblingbullyingisasharmfulaspeeraggression

B、siblingbullyingisactuallynotamattertoworryabout

C、siblingbullyingismoreharmfulthanpeeraggression

D、siblingbullyingiscloselyrelatedtopeeraggression

标准答案：A

知识上解析：根据题干的comparingtheeffects定位到第四段。该段②③句表明同

胞欺凌和同伴欺凌一样都会造成创伤(hadthesameassociationwith...)。A项的

harmful意为“有害的”，A项与文意一致，故为答案。

14、Itcanbelearnedthatsomeparentsactually.

A^aremoretolerantthanthepublicforsiblingfighting

B、regardbullyinginthefamilyassomethingharmful

C、thinkthatbullyingcanhelptheirchildreninaway

D^arcfondofplayingfavoritesandlabelingchildren

标准答案：c-

知识点解析：通读全文可以发现parents“家长”的观点在第五段。该段③句提到，

有些家长认为小孩争吵是有益的，可以训练孩子处理矛盾的能力。C项的help是

文中beneficial的同义改写，故C项为答案。

15、Caffarowouldmostprobablyagreethat.

A、parentsareresponsibleformostbullyinginthefamily

B、siblingbullyingismorethancommoninUSfamilies

C、parentsshouldconsciouslyencouragesiblingfighting

D、siblingbullyingneedsproperinterventionfromparents

标准答案：D

知识点解析：Caffaro这个名字出现在最后一段。该段④句提到Caffaro的观点”刈

于他们之间的故意身体攻击、伤害或羞辱应该严肃对待并及时制止“。也就是说家

长应该对待同胞欺凌给予适当的干预，选D项。

TransatlanticfrictionbetweencompaniesandregulatorshasgrownasEurope'sdata

guardianshavebecomemoreassertive.FrancescaBignarni,aprofessoratGeorge

WashingtonUniversity'slawschool,says(hattheexplosionofdigitaltechnologieshas

madeitimpossibleforwatchdogstokeepacloseeyeonever/webcompanyoperatingin

(heirbackyard.Soinsteadtheyarerelyingmoreonscapegoatingprominentwrongdoers

inthehopethatthiswilldeterothers.ButregulatorssuchasPeterSchaar,whoheads

Germany'sfederaldala-protectionagency,say(hegulfisexaggerated.SomeEuropean

countries,hepointsou(,nowhaverulesiha(makecompanieswhosufferbiglossesof

customerdatatoreporttheseto(heauthorities.Theinspirationforthesemeasurescomes

fromAmerica.YetevenMr.Schaaradmitsthattheinternet'sglobalscalemeansthat

therewillneedtobechangesonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.HehintsthatEuropemight

adoptamoreflexibleregulatorystanceifAmericaweretocreatewhatamountstoan

independentdata-protectionbodyalongEuropeanlines.InEurope,wheretheflagship

DataProtectionDirectivecameintoeffectin1995,theEuropeanCommissionis

conductingareviewofitsprivacypolicies.InAmericaCongresshasbegundebatinga

newprivacybillandtheFederalTradeCommissionisconsideringanoverhaulofits

rules.EvenifAmericaandEuropedonarrowtheirdifferences,internetfirmswillstill

havetostrugglewithotherdatawatchdogs.InAsiacountriesthatbelongtoAPECare

tryingtodevelopasetofregionalguidelinesfbrprivacyrulesunderaninitiativeknown

astheDataPrivacyPathfinder.SomecountriessuchasAustraliaandNewZealandhave

longstandingprivacylaws,butmanyemergingnationshaveyettorolloutfullyfledged

versionsoftheirown.Mr.PolonetskyseesAsiaas"anewprivacybattleground",with

AmericaandEuropebothkeentotemptcountriestowardstheirownregulatorymodel.

Canadaalreadyhassomethingofahybridprivacyregime,whichmayexplainwhyits

data-protectioncommissioner,JenniferStoddart,hasbeensoinfluentialonthe

internationalstage.ShemarshaledthesignatoriesoftheGoogleBuzzletterandtook

FacebooktotasklastyearforbreachingCanada'sdataprivacylaws,whichledthe

companytochangeitspolicies.MsStoddartarguesthatAmericancompaniesoftentrip

upondata-privacyissuesbecauseof"theirbrimmingoptimismthatthewholeworld

wantswhattheyhaverolledourinAmerica."Yetthesameoptimismhashelpedtocreate

globalcompaniesthathavebroughthugebenefitstoconsumers,whilealsopresenting

privacyregulatorswithtoughchoices.Shoehorningsuchfirmsintooldprivacy

frameworkswillnotbenefiteitherthemortheirusers.

16、AccordingtoParagraph1,webwatchdogs.

A^arefacedwithtoughchoicestoregulatewebcompanies

B、keepacloseeyeoneveryInternetcompany

C、scapegoatfamouscompaniestokeepothersinalarm

D、reportlossesofcustomerdatatotheauthorities

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干可直接定位到第一段。该段②③句谈到由于数字技术的迅

猛发展，监管机构已经无法盯紧在其后院运作的每家网络公司，而只能选择

scapegoatingprominentwrongdoers“把犯了错的著名公司当替罪羊”来震慑其他公

司，C项与之吻合，故为答案。

17、The"gulf(line1,Para,2)