小升初英语考点解读知识讲解典例探究分层训练-第六讲被动语态（学生版）

第六讲：被动语态【考点解读】动词的被动语态是中学英语语法的一个重要内容，因此在小升初英语考试中作为衔接内容而出现，对于准初中生而言是难点和易错点。因此希望小升初的学生能认真结合解读，仔细把握被动语态的学习要领，结合小升初的最新模拟真题，做到融会贯通，举一反三。【知识讲解】知识点1——被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的构成

英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：Themanwasfooledbythetwoboys.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.二、被动语态的用法

（1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如：

Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.Thenewtestbookwillbeusednextterm.

（2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如：

Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.Thethiefwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday.

（3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to或for。

例如：Thepianistgavethepupils(间接宾语)someadvice(直接宾语)

→Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.→Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbythepianist.

(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。

例如：Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday.→Theyweremadetoworktenhoursaday.

Aboysawhimenterthehouse.→Hewasseentoenterthehouse.三、被动语态中谓语动词的原形是be+donebe随着时态的变化而发生变化。以下是主动语态和被动语态中谓语动词的形式：名称主动语态谓语动词形式被动语态谓语动词形式一般现在时态v/vsAm/is/are+done一般过去时态VedWas/were+done一般将来时态Will+vWillbe+done现在进行时态Am/is/are+vingAm/is/are+being+done现在完成时态Have/has+过去分词Have/hasbeen+done情态动词情态动词主动语态被动语态can（not）+dosth+bedonemay（not）must(not)常见的句型结构：Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）......Itis(was)wellknownthat......众所周知Itis(was)takenforgrantedthat......被视为当然Itmustberememberedthat......务必记住......Itmustn’tbeforgottenthat......千万别忘记......Itis(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......)注意以下几种被动语态的特殊情况：带有感官动词和使役动词的句子如何变被动语态动词主动形式被动形式letletsbdosth(sb)belettodosthmakemakesbdosth(sb)bemadetodosthseeseesbdosth(sb)beseentodosthwatchwatchsbdosth(sb)bewatchedtodosthhearhearsbdosth(sb)beheardtodosth二．有些动词没有被动语态。(及物动词才有被动语态)1)

不\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"及物动词或动词短语无\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"被动语态：

appear,die,disappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand

breakout,etrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.

2)

系动词无\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"被动语态：

appear,be，bee,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn3)不能用于被动语态的\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"及物动词或动词短语：

fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch，agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto4)

\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"系动词无被动语态：

appear,be，bee,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn5)当宾语是\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

Iwanttogonow.三．主动表示被动的几种情况1）有些不及物动词形式上为主动，但是表示被动含义。这本书销路很好。Thisbooksellswell.这本小说读起来很有趣。Thisnovelreadswell.肉很容易切。Meatcutseasily.此类词还有lock,shut,open,move,write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw2）有些进行时，形式上主动，但含被动之意。Thebookisprinting.=Thebookisbeingprinted.Thehouseisbuilding.=Thehouseisbeingbuilt.3）介词短语作表语，主动表示被动。Thequestionisnowunderdiscussion.Thefirewasfinallyundercontrol.Alltheseoldbuildingsareunderrepairs.三、【典例探究】【例题】：（）1．TheOlympicGames___________everyfouryears.Aareheld Bwereheld C．areholding D．willho1d（）2.Intheartshow，alotoflaughter_________toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings．A．isgiving Bwasgiven Cwillgive Dhasgive（）3.TodayChineseisbeingmoreandmorepopular.It_________inmanyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teaches B.isteaching C.hastaught D.istaught（）4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,________as"People'sWriter".A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards（）5.Usuallyputers_________tosearchtheInternet.A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used（）6.Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?Yes._________ourclassroomeveryday.itcleans B.wearecleans C.weclean一般现在时1[答案]A。[解析]考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态，故排除了B、C、D。2[答案]B。[解析]本题考查被动语态，句中alotofenjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。”3[答案]D。[解析]考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。4[答案]A。[解析]选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。5[答案]C。[解析]从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，故选C。6[答案]C。[解析]考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。（）7.一DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmellsterrible?一Yes．Infact，it____.That'sallbecauseofthefactoriesaround．A．polluted Bwaspolluted Chaspolluted D．waspo11ute（）8.Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.You'reright.ButthankstoEarthDay_______,peoplehavedonemoreandmoretoprotect(保护)theearth.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted（）9.We________intofivegroupstogototheoldpeople'shome.Wedidmanythingstocheerthemup.A.dividedB.aredividedC.weredivided一般过去时7[答案]B。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。8[答案]B。[解析]从句意：“……自从‘地球日’开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可知，“地球日”的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为wasstarted故选B。9[答案]C。[解析]本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句"Wedidmanythings．”可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。四、【课堂运用】【基础】【练习1】I.Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案)1.Over$30,000______forachildren’hospitalbyaBritishgirlseveralmonthsago.A)israised B)wasraised C)willberaised D)hasbeenraised2.I'msurethatstricterrulestocontrolcigarettesmoking______verysoon.A)made B)willmake C)weremade D)willbemade3.Manyhouses______inthebigfireafewdaysago.Whatashame!A)weredamaged B)damage C)weredamaging D)damaged4.ThatbuildingispartofShanghai’shistory.It______manyyearsago.A)built B)builds C)isbuilt D)wasbuilt5.Manyoldhousesaroundourschool______nextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.A)pulldown B)willbepulleddownC)willpulldown D)arepulleddown6.Whenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoor________.A)waslocked B)islocked C)willbelocked D)shouldbelocked7.HalfoftheBeijing’sprivatecars_______offtheroadsduetoheavysmogonFriday.A)order B)areordered C)ordered D)wereordered8.Thegirls_______howtodanceamonthagoandnowtheycandancewell.A)weretaught B)willbetaught C)aretaught D)havebeentaught9.Tomandhissister_______tothebarbecuelastSaturday.Theywereveryhappy.A)haveinvited B)wereinvited C)wereinviting D)invited10.Doyoubelievetherearealiens?I’mafraidnot.Idon’tthinkaliens_____inspace.A)canfind B)canbefoundC)canbefounded D)can’tbefound11.Fewstudentscanunderstandthesentenceuntilit________twiceorthreetimes.A)explains B)isexplained C)willbeexplained D)hasexplained12.—Peoplesaythesubway________buildinginHarbininafewyears.—Sounds___________.Ihaveneverseenitbefore.A)willfinish;interesting B)isfinished;interested C)willbefinished;interesting D)wouldbefinished;interesting13.—Iwanttoknowwhen_______haveafieldtrip.—We’llhaveitwhenallthework_______.

A)youare;willfinish B)youwill;finishes

C)youwill;isfinished D)youwill;isfinish14.Oh,thisisreallyabigshop.Doyouknowwhenit________?A)built B)wasbuilt

C)hasbuilt D)hasbeenbuilt15.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.

—I’msorry,butI________whentomeet.A)don’ttell B)didn’ttell

C)haven’ttold D)wasn’ttold

16.Thethief_______onthescenewhenhewastryingtogetawaywiththenecklace.A)willbecaught B)iscaught C)wascaught D)hasbeencaught17.Blacktea_______inChinaduringtheMingDynastyasawaytokeepteafresh.A)invented B)wasinvented C)isinvented D)isinventing【练习2】I. Fillintheblankwiththegivenverbinthepassivevoice.1.YangpuBridge___________(build)in1993.2.Moremoney___________(spend)oneducationnextyear.3.Alotofwater___________(waste)everyyear.It’saseriousproblem.4.Thenewspapersaidmoregoodteachers___________(send)toYunnansometimenextyear.5.Whenwegottothetop,thesunhadrisen.Therewe___________(tell)tobeearlierthenexttime.6.“Remember,nobody___________(allow)toeatordrinkintheputerroom,”theassistantsaidtothenewstudents.7.Largeamountsofinformation___________(store)intheputer.8.Bythetimehegotthere,thecar___________(paint).9.Thewoundedsoldiers___________(operate)onnow.10.Hundredsofthebooks___________(borrow)fromthelibraryinthepastthreedays.11.I___________(tell)thatJimwouldebackfromNewYorkintwodays.12.Themanagersaidtheproject__________bytheendoftheyear.(plete)13.Theworkerstoldmethatthecar__________assoonaspossible.(mend)14.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundthetickets__________out.(sell)15.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath.He__________tobeagreatleader.(consider)16.Aftertheparty,someofthestudentspickedupalltherubbishthat__________onthefloorofthehall.(drop)

17.Heisoftenmade__________thetableafterdinner.(clean)【巩固】【练习1】1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

2English____inCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung

4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

5Newputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

【练习2】1Ourroommust___clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

2I'dliketobuythatcoat.I'msorry.___.

A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing

C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished【拔高】【练习1】1Japanese___ineverycountry.

A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking

2Thesepapers___yet.

A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten

C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten

3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.

A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't

【练习2】1Myshoesarewornout._____________.

A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.

C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?

2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.

A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are

3___thesedesksbeneeded?

A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do

五、【课后巩固】【习题1】1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheld

C.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld

2Whowasthebook___?

A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby

3Where___theseboxesmade?

A.wasB.wereC.isD.am【习题2】1.

—How

long

_____

at

this

job?

—Since

1990.

A.

were

you

employed

B.

have

you

been

employed

C.

had

you

been

employed

D.

will

you

be

employed

2.

—What

happened

to

the

priceless

works

of

art?

—________.

A.

They

were

destroyed

in

the

earthquake

B.

The

earthquake

was

destroying

them

C.

They

destroyed

in

the

earthquake

D.

The

earthquake

destroyed

them

3.

If

city

noises

______

from

increasing,

people______

shout

to

be

heard

even

at

the

dinner

table

20

years

from

now.

A.

are

not

kept;

will

have

to

B.

are

not

kept;

have

to

C.

do

not

keep;

will

have

to

D.

do

not

keep;

have

to

4.—Do

you

like

the

material?

—Yes,

it

______

very

soft.

A.

is

feeling

B.

felt

C.

feels

D.

is

felt

5.

I

need

one

more

stamp

before

my

collection

______.

A.

has

pleted

B.

pletes

C.

has

been

pleted

D.

is

pleted

6.

All

the

preparations

for

the

task

_____

,

and

we're

ready

to

start.

A.

pleted

B.

plete

C.

had

been

pleted

D.

have

been

pleted

7.

Hundreds

of

jobs

______

if

the

factory

closes.

A.

lose

B.

will

be

lost

C.

are

lost

D.

will

lose

8.

A

new

cinema______

here.

They

hope

to

finish

it

next

month.

A.

will

be

built

B.

is

built

C.

has

been

built

D.

is

being

built

9.

After

the

class，the

students

went

out

of

the

classroom

one

by

one,

but

only

Mary______.

A.

left

B.

had

left

C.

was

leaving

D.

was

left

10.

The

teacher

told

the

students

that

they______

to

be

useful

men

to

the

country.

A.

were

all

expected

B.were

all

expecting

C.

all

were

expected

D.

all

expected

11.

He_____in

a

shower

last

night

and

got

wet

through.

A.

caught

B.

was

caught

C.

had

caught

D.

caught

up

12.

The

thief______

when

he

was

stealing

a

wallet

from

a

woman.

A.

happened

to

notice

B.

was

taken

place

to

notice

C.

was

happened

to

be

noticed

D.

happened

to

be

noticed

13.

He______

and

was

made

to

repeat

it.

A.

didn't

understand

B.

didn't

be

understood

C.

wasn't

understand

D.

wasn't

understood

14.

The

pupils

here_____

all

kinds

of

exercises

every

day

in

the

past

few

weeks.

A.

kept

busy

doing

B.

keep

on

doing

C.

have

kept

busy

doing

D.

have

been

kept

busy

doing

15.

—What

were

you

doing

when

Tom

came

to

see

you?

—I

_____on

my

overcoat

and

______

to

visit

a

friend

of

mine.

A.

have

just

put;

leaving

B.

was

put;

was

left

C

.had

just

put;

was

leaving

D.

was

putting;

left

16.

They

said

goodbye,

hardly

knowing

that

they

______again.

A.

were

never

met

B.

will

never

meet

C.

never

met

D.

were

neve