新标准第三册第六单元词汇学习

firefighter:n.[C]someonewhosejobistomakefiresstopburningandhelppeopletoescapefromotherdangeroussituations消防队员fireman:n.[C]amanwhosejobistostopfiresburning男消防员firefighter&fireman:somepeoplethinkthat'fireman'isasexistterm,andpreferthepoliticallycorrectterm'firefighter'.

raring:a.veryenthusiasticandeagertodosth.急于做某事的；渴望做某事的1.She’straininghardandraringtoruninthemarathon.她正在刻苦训练，渴望参加马拉松比赛。2.Shewasraringtogetbacktoherwork.她急切希望重新工作。Seealso:raringtogo.

bearing:n.[C]anexactposition,usuallymeasuredfromnorth（通常从北方算起的）方位，方向1.Thefirstthingistolearntotakeacompassbearing.第一件事就是学习辨别罗盘方向。2.Followthebearingtothenextcheckpoint.顺着这个方向到下一个检查点。3.Heisoutofhisbearings.他迷失方向了。

dent:n.[C]ahollowareainthesurfaceofsth.,usuallymadebysth.hittingit凹痕；凹坑1.Therewasalargedentinthepassengerdoor.乘客座位那边的门上有一大块凹坑。2.Thefrontofthecarhasadentinit.小汽车的前面有一个凹痕。3.Theimpactofthestonesmadelittledentsinthemetal.石头的撞击几乎没给金属留下什么凹痕。Seealso:makeadent.

racket:n.[sing](infml)aloudnoise吵闹声；喧嚷声1.Theoldmachineusedtomakeanawfulracket.这台旧机器以前噪声大得吓人。2.Thestudentskickedupnoendofaracketinthestreet.这些学生在大街上大吵大闹。3.Sucharacketmademeheadache.这样的吵闹使我头痛。

tile:n.[C]aflatsquarepieceofbakedclayorothermaterial,usedforcoveringwalls,floorsetc.瓷砖；墙砖1.Ienteredthekitchen,withitsoldtileflooranditscherrywoodcabinets.我走进了厨房，里面是年月久远的瓷砖地面以及樱桃木材质的橱柜。2.I’mlayingceramicfloortilesinthekitchen.我正在给厨房的地板铺瓷砖。

scenario:n.[C]asituationthatcouldpossiblyhappen可能发生的事；可能出现的局面Imagineascenariowhereonly20%ofpeoplehaveajob.设想一下这种情况，只有20%的人有工作。possible/likely/plausiblescenario：可能的情况ThemostlikelyscenarioisthatBrookswillresign.最可能出现的局面是布鲁克斯即将辞职。

berserk:a.outofcontrolwithangerorexcitement;wildorfrenzied非常激动；发狂goberserk1)becomeveryexcited非常激动；发狂e.g.Thehomecrowdwentberserkwhentheirsidescoredagain.主场的人群在他们一方再次得分之后欣喜若狂。2)becomeveryangryandviolent狂怒，暴跳如雷e.g.Dadwentberserkwhenhefoundout.爸爸知道以后勃然大怒。

rumble:n.[C]aseriesoflonglowsounds隆隆声；轰隆声1.Atnightyoucanhearthelowrumbleoftrafficinthedistance.深夜时分，你能听到远处车辆低沉的隆隆声。2.Weheardtheoccasionalrumbleofapassingtruck.我们偶尔听到卡车驶过的隆隆声。

runaway:a.arunawayvehicleoranimalisoutofcontrol（车辆或动物）失控的1.arunawayhorse2.Arunawaycarrolleddownahillandcrashedintotencars.一辆失控的车从山上滚下来,撞了十辆车。

herd:n.[C]agroupofanimalsofonekindthatliveandfeedtogether兽群；牧群1.Shedrovetheherdofcattlethroughthewilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。2.Theanimalstendtograzeinherd.这些动物喜欢成群地吃草。

rockslide:n.[C]amassofstonymaterialdepositedbysuchanavalanche岩滑（堆）

fleetingly:ad.inafleetingmanner短暂地；简短地fleeting:a.lastingforonlyashorttime短暂的；简短的1.Icaughtafleetingglimpseofthemastheydrovepast.我匆匆瞥见他们驱车而过。2.CarolwaspayingafleetingvisittoParis.卡洛儿正在巴黎做短暂停留。Translatethefollowingsentence:Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleetingthought,thethoughtwilldie.(CET4-2007-06)如果你一边想要抓住转瞬即逝的思想，一边在听那个五年级的英语老师纠正你的语法，那么你的思想就会消失殆尽。

bagel:n.[C]asmallring-shapedtypeofbread小面包圈e.g.Creamcheeseandtomatoestastegreatonabagel.面包圈加上奶酪和西红柿尝起来好吃极了。

firehouse:n.[C]asmallfirestation,especiallyinasmalltown消防站Duringhisshift,heeatsandsleepsatthefirehouse.轮到他值班时，吃住都要在消防站。

shorthand:n.[U]ashorterbutlessclearwayofsayingsth.简略（或隐晦）的表达方式1.He'sbeen“relocated”,whichisshorthandfor“givenaworsejobalongwayaway”.他已经被“调职”，这是一种隐晦的说法，其实是“到很远的地方做一份较差的工作”。2.Poetryforhimissimplyashorthandforliteraturethathasaestheticvalue.在他看来，诗歌就是具有审美价值的文学作品的简略表达方式。

fumble:v.trytohold,move,orfindsth.withyourhandsinanawkwardway笨拙地摸；胡乱摸索；搜寻；乱抓1.Shefumbledforherkeysinherbag.她在包里胡乱地寻找钥匙。2.Shereachedroundtofumblethelighton.她伸手摸着去开灯。

flashpoint:n.[C,U]asituationinwhichseriousproblemsarelikelytodevelop紧急关头；临界点1.Thecrisisinthattroubledcountrynearedaflashpointlastweek.那个多灾多难的国家所潜伏的危机在上周几乎一触即发。2.Communityunrestisapproachingtheflashpoint.群众的不安定情绪已接近一触即发之势。

postscript:n.[C]1)informationaddedtotheendofastory,article,orreport（故事、文章或报道结束后的）补充信息，附言e.g.There'saninterestingpostscripttothistale.这个故事后面有一段有趣的附记。2)anadditionalremarkattheendofaletter,afterthesignatureandintroducedby“PS”附笔，又及e.g.Headdedapostscriptattheendoftheletter:“Leavingtomorrow”.他在信末附言：“明日出发”。

aftermath:n.theeffectsandresultsofsth.badorimportant（不良或重要事件的）结果，后果，余殃1.Howwouldtheycopewiththeaftermathofthewar?他们会如何处理战争的后果？2.Inthe

aftermath

ofthehurricane,manypeople'shomesweredestroyed.飓风的后果是许多人的家园被毁。

massive:a.1)verysevere严重的e.g.Hewasbornwithamassiveheartattack.他天生就有严重的心脏病。2)verylarge,solidandheavy大而重的；厚重的e.g.Thebellismassive,weighingover40tons.这口钟非常大，有40多吨重。3)verylargeinamountordegree大量的，大规模的e.g.Theweddinggotmassivemediacoverage.婚礼得到大众传播媒介的广泛报道。

battalion:n.[C]1)anorganizationorunitwithinthedivisioninFDNY（纽约消防局的）大队e.g.FDNYareorganizedintofiveboroughcommands.WithinthoseBoroughCommandsexistninedivisions,eachheadedbyaDeputyChief.Withineachdivisionoperatefourtosevenbattalions,ledbyaBattalionChief.纽约消防局下设5个区，5个区下面共有9个支队，领导为支队长。每个支队有4—7个大队，领导是大队长。2)alargegroupofsoldiersthatconsistsofthreeormoresmallergroupscalledcompanies营（由三个或三个以上的连组成）e.g.The

battalion'soutpostswerecalledin.这个营的前哨被召回。

extinguish:vt.(fml)makeafireorcigarettestopburning.(Amoreusualwordisputout.)熄灭；扑灭1.Theyfoughtforhourstoextinguishthefire.他们奋战了几个小时把火扑灭。2.Pleaseextinguishallcigarettes.请熄灭所有香烟。Wordfamily:extinguishern.灭火器

evacuate:v.leaveabuildingorotherplacebecauseitisnotsafe撤离，撤出（某危险建筑物或地方）1.Ifthealarmsounds,allstudentsshouldevacuateimmediately.如果警报响起，所有的学生都应该立即撤离。2.DuringthewarhewasevacuatedtoScotland.战争期间，他被撤离到苏格兰。Wordfamily:evacuationn.撤离evacueen.被疏散人员

amid:prep.ifsth.happensamidnoise,shouting,laughteretc,ithappenswhilethereisalotofnoiseetcallaround;ifsth.happensamidparticularfeelingsorevents,ithappenswhilepeoplehavethesefeelingsorwhiletheseeventsarehappening（在声音等的）包围中；在……中间；在……气氛下1.Normansteppedontothestageamidapplause.诺曼在掌声中走上了舞台。2.Hedrankoffaglassofbeer

amid

theircheers.在他们的欢呼声中，他把杯子里的啤酒一饮而尽。3.Talksbrokedownamidaccusationsofahostiletakeoverbid.谈判在对敌意接管的一片指责声中破裂了。

rubble:n.[C]brokenpiecesofstoneandbrickfrombuildings,wallsetc.thathavebeendestroyed（被毁建筑物、墙壁等的）碎石，碎砖，瓦砾e.g.Aftertheearthquake,ittookmonthstocleanuptherubble.地震后，花了数月才清理完瓦砾。reducesth.torubble：destroyitcompletelye.g.Abombreducedthehousestorubble.炸弹彻底摧毁了房屋。

toll:n.[sing]thetotalnumberofpeoplewhohavebeenkilledorhurt总伤亡人数1.Thedeathtollhasrisento83.死亡人数已经上升到83人。2.Thebombingstookaheavytoll,killinghundredsofLondoners.爆炸造成伤亡惨重，有几百名伦敦人丧生。

nightmare:n.[C]1)averyfrighteningandunpleasantdream噩梦；梦魇e.g.Shealwayshasterriblenightmaresabouttrafficaccidents.她经常做关于车祸的噩梦。2)anextremelydifficultorfrighteningsituation困境；可怕的情景；无法摆脱的恐惧e.g.Thecompanynowfacesthenightmareofbankruptcy.公司现在面临破产的困境。

chaotic:a.happeninginaconfusedwayandwithoutanyorderororganization混乱的；紊乱的；杂乱的e.g.Withnoonetokeeporder,thesituationintheclassroomwaschaotic.没人维持秩序，教室里的情况一片混乱。Wordfamily:chaosn.1.Thecountrywasplungedintoeconomicchaos.国家陷入了经济混乱。2.Thekitchenwasinchaos.厨房一团糟。

tragedy:n.[C,U]averysadeventthatcausespeopletosufferordie惨事；不幸；悲剧性事件1.Thetripendedintragedy.这次旅行以悲剧收场。2.Themeasuresweredesignedtopreventanysimilartragedies.设计这些措施是为了防止类似的悲剧。Antonym:comedyn.喜剧Wordfamily:tragica.悲惨的

utmost:a.asmuchaspossible:usedforemphasizingaqualityorfeeling（用于强调某种品质或感情）最大的，极度的1.Weattachtheutmostimportancetopublicsafety.我们把公共安全看做最重要的事。2.Allequipmentshouldbehandledwiththeutmostcare.所有的设备都要极其小心地处理。

heroism:n.[U]impressiveactionsthatprovesomeoneisverybrave英雄气概；英雄行为1.Theboywasinterestedinstoriesofheroismandself-sacrifice这个男孩对英雄主义和自我牺牲的故事感兴趣。2.Hereceivedamedalforhisheroism.他因其英勇行为而获得一枚奖章。Wordfamily:heron.英雄heroica.英勇的

best-seller:n.[C]abookthatmanypeoplebuy畅销书1.HisnewbookwentstraighttoNo.1onthebest-sellerlist.他的新书在畅销书排行榜上直奔第一名。2.In1988,StephenHawkingwroteABriefHistoryofTime,whichquicklybecameabest-seller.1988年，史蒂芬·霍金写了《时间简史》，此书迅速成为畅销书。

gratitude:n.[U]afeelingofbeinggratefultosomeonebecausetheyhavegivenyousth.orhavedonesth.foryou感激；谢意1.Wewelcometheopportunitytoexpressourgratitude.

我们能有机会表示谢意十分高兴。2.Wewouldliketoexpressourgratitudetoeveryone.我们想要向每一位表达我们的感激。Wordfamily:gratefula.感激的

tribute:n.[C,U]sth.thatyoudo,say,orbuildtoshowthatyourespectandadmiresomeoneorsomething（表示敬意的）礼物，颂辞，行为e.g.Thecouplepaidtributetothehelicoptercrewwhorescuedthem.这对夫妇向营救他们的直升机机组人员表示了赞扬和感谢。give/pay(a)tributeto1.Hepaid

tribute

tothewaythecountryhadforgednationalunity.2.Themusiciangavefull

tribute

tohisformerteacher.这位音乐家盛赞了他过去的老师。Translatethefollowingsentences:1.我想借此机会公开向他表示敬意。I’dliketotakethisopportunitytopayapublictributetohim.2.我对所有的工作人员的辛苦工作表示赞扬。Iwanttogivetributetoalltheworkersfortheirhardwork.

decent:a.1)behavingtowardsotherpeopleinanhonest,fair,andniceway待人宽厚的；和善的1.ItwasdecentofDavidtooffertopay.大卫很厚道，提出要付钱。2.WhenItoldherthetruth,shewasquitedecentaboutit.当我告诉她真相，她表现得很有风度。2)ofagoodenoughstandardorquality相当好的，像样的e.g.Hisfirstnovelwasaflashinthepan,andhehasn'twrittenanythingdecentsince.他的第一部小说如昙花一现，此后他再没写出像样的东西。3)followingmoralstandardsthatareacceptabletosociety正派的，规矩的；体面的1.Themajorityofresidentsherearedecentcitizens.这里的大部分居民都是正派的市民。2.Afterhisdefeatheshoulddothedecentthingandstepdown.在被击败之后，他应该不失体面地下台。

trustworthy:a.abletobetrustedasbeinghonest,safe,orreliable可信赖的；可信的；可靠的e.g.Heisa

trustworthy

person;besides,hehashumorandlikesoutdooractivities.他是一个可信赖的人，并且有幽默感、喜欢户外活动。Synonyms:dependable,reliable

comrade：n.[C]1)afriend,especiallysomeoneyouhavefoughttogetherwithinawarorworkedwith伙伴；（尤指）同事e.g.HemisseshiscomradesfromhisdaysintheArmy.他怀念服役时结识的朋友。2)socialistsorcommunistsoftencalleachother‘comrade’,especiallyinmeetings同志（社会主义者或共产主义者常常互称“同志”，尤其开会时）e.g.Comrades,pleasesupportthismotion.同志们，请支持这个动议。

testimony:n.1)[sing,U](~to/of)evidencethatsth.existsoristrue证据；证明e.g.Thelatesttradefiguresaretestimonytothefailureofgovernmentpolicies.最新的交易数据证明了政府政策的失败。2)[C,U]aformalstatementaboutsomethingthatyousaw,know,orexperienced,usuallygiveninacourtoflaw（法庭上作的）证词e.g.Iwasaskedtogivetestimony.我被要求提供证词。

leadership:n.[U]thequalitiesandskillsofagoodleader;theactionofleadingagroupofpeopleoranorganization领导才能；领导1.Mostpeoplecomplainedthatthemayordidn’tshowenoughleadership.大多数人抱怨市长没表现出足够的领导才能。2.Inthecrisisheshowedrealleadership.他在危机中显示了真正的领导才能。3.WhenSmithdied,Blairtookovertheleadershipoftheparty.史密斯去世后，布莱尔接任这个政党的领导。

comefrom/outofnowhere：happenorappearsuddenlyandwithoutwarning出乎意料地发生；一下子就出现1.Inthelastfewseconds,Gunnellcamefromnowheretowinanothergoldmedal.在最后几秒钟，冈内尔不知从哪儿冒出来，又赢得了一块金牌。2.Thecarseemedtocomefromnowhere.这辆车似乎是突然冒出来的。

sweatlikepigs/sweatlikeapig/sweatlikeabull：(veryinfml)sweatalot（非常不正式）流很多汗；出大汗1.Thebasketballplayersaresweatinglikepigs.这些篮球运动员们汗如雨下。2.Igotuponthetop,quitefrightened,sweatinglikeapig.我爬到顶上，吓得满身大汗。

raringtogo:veryeagertostartanactivity急于做某事；渴望做某事1.Theywokeupearlyandwereraringtogo.他们很早就醒来，急着开始干。2.Atthestartoftheprojectwewereraringtogobutunfortunatelywe’velostalotofourearlyenthusiasm.这个项目开始的时候我们都满怀热情，但不幸的是我们现在已经没有当初那么热心了。Seealso:raring.

makeadent：makeasmallamountofprogresswithsth.取得初步（或有效）进展1.Heworkedallnight,butbarelymadeadentinthework.他工作了整个晚上，但基本没取得任何进展。2.NextMondayisthedeadlineforhandinginthetermpapers,butmoststudentshavehardlymadeadentintheworksofar.学期论文最迟应在下周一交，但大部分学生至今几无进展。Seealso:dent.

toaman/tothelastman：usedforsayingthatallthemeninagroupdosth.全体；毫无例外地1.Theentirecommitteeopposedhim,toaman.全体委员会都反对他，全体。2.TheyareRepublicanstoaman.他们全部都是共和党人。3.Weagreedtoamanthatthisstatementwascorrect.我们一致认为这一声明是正确的。

allovertheplace：1)inanuntidystate凌乱；七零八落e.g.Youcouldn’tfindanythingbecausehispaperswereallovertheplace.你不可能找到，因为他的文件杂乱无章。2)everywhere;inmanydirections到处；各方e.g.Therewerebodiesallovertheplaceafterthetsunami.海啸过后尸横遍野。

pickuponsth.：noticesth.thatisnotveryobvious注意到（不明显的东西）1.Thisissomethingyouwouldexpectaskillednegotiatortopickupon.这就是你所期望的一个老练的谈判家能注意到的东西。2.Childrenpickeduponourworriesandanxieties.孩子们觉察到了我们的焦虑。

downtheroad：usedfortalkingaboutthef