人教版2025年中考英语总复习专题3推理判断解题技巧(学生版+解析)

推理判断解题技巧推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。合理，就是论推理有事实根据，而不是读者主观臆断的。推理判断题常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude,learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问。提问中往往含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might,would等和其他表示可能性的副词，如probably，mostlikely等。方法：在理解原文表面信息的基础上，做出判断和推理。得出其隐含意义和深层意思。考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。依据文章事实，得出得出符合逻辑的结论。陷阱：=1\*GB3①文章直接言明的内容，这不是推断出来的（凡是推断题一定不选原文信息的同义表述）=2\*GB3②注意干扰项与文章内容有细微区别。（推理判断一定要合情合理，有理有据，依据事实，切不可主观臆断）=3\*GB3③察言观色，依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。1.细节推断类细节推断类多为推断文章细节或作者观点、态度，其常见设问方式如下所示：Fromthispassage,wecaninfer/know/learnthat__________.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?/Whatdoyouknowabout...?Thewriterprobablyagreesthat__________.细节推断题实际考查的是对文章细节的理解，选项中只有1项与原文表述一致，其他3个选项均为对原文的错误表述。该类型题目可以用判断正误法来解。Anothereffectivesolutionisstartingprogramstoreduce（减少）foodwaste.Storesandbuyerscantrytheirbesttobecreativeinfoodwastereduction.Forexample,（C选项对应原文）storescanprovidecustomerswithinstructionstellingthemhowtomakefulluseoffood.Buyerscantrynotfixingtheireyesonlyonfoodofthebestquality（质量）.（B选项对应原文）Sometimes,thefoodofnon-topqualityisalsogoodenoughtoeat,orcanbeboughtandthenusedtomakedeliciousdishes.（D选项对应原文）Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandpreparefoodwithaplanoftheirownsothatlessfoodiswasted.Challengingasitis,theuseofmealplansinpreparingfoodcanplayanimportantroleinendingfoodwasteinthefamily.（A选项对应原文）Foodrecyclingisoneoftheknownsolutions.Effortsarenowalreadyinprogress.Foodthatisnotsafeforhumanstoeatisrecycledintootherproductssuchasanimalfeedsandclothing.Yet,thereisstillalongwaytogoandmuchforimprovementinthisarea.问：Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Foodrecyclinghasbeenhugelysuccessful.B.Buyersshouldgiveupnon-topqualityfood.C.Storesshouldtrainpeopletomakedeliciousdishes.D.Mealplansinthefamilyarehardtoputintopractice.2.逻辑推理法逻辑推理法，即根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目。常以时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音。主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力。ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistohaveagoodenvironment.TakenotesinEnglish,putEnglishbooksaroundyourroom,listentoEnglishradios,watchEnglishnews,moviesandTVprograms.SpeakEnglishwithyourfriendswheneveryoucan.ThemoreEnglishmaterialsthatyouhavearoundyou,thefasteryouwilllearnit.Manypeoplethinkthatexercisesandtestsaren'tmuchfun.However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyoucanreallyimproveyourEnglish.Ifyounevertestyourself,youwillneverknowhowmuchyouaremakingprogress.Accordingtothepassage,Englishexercisesandtestsare______.A.verynecessary B.nothelpfulatall C.veryboring D.notimportant观点态度判定法观点态度判定法，就是从作者的措词、语气或对某个细节的把握来推断作者在整篇文章中所表现出来的态度，以及对事物的评价。主要考查学生对于作者陈述事件时所表达出的个人观点态度的推断能力。WhattheprimaryschoolinFuzhouisdoingisworthpraising.Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-schoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofdoingchores?A.Hethinksit'sawasteoftime.B.Hethinksit'stheparents'job.C.Hecan'tunderstand.D.Hethinksit'sgoodforstudents.语境推断法（适用于推断某句/某段的写作目的）Overthepastcenturyandahalf,however,studiesinthehistoryofhumandevelopmenthaveshownthattheformationofcultureispartofthebiologicaladaptation（适应）..Consider,forexample,hunting(打猎).Itseemstobeanadaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochangelivinghabits.Atthesametime,thedevelopmentofweapons（武器）isrelatedtothatadaptation—fromrocksandstonestoasetofhuntingtools,andfromhuntingtoolstorulesrelatingtotheproperuseofweapons.Huntingalsoseemstoberesponsibleforawholesetofbodilyabilities,suchasbalancingononefoot.Justthinkofhowthisverysimplethingiscloselyrelatedtodance,akeyexpressionofhumanculture.Itisthenclearthatbiologicaldevelopmentandculturaldevelopmentarecloselytied.问：Whydoesthewritertalkabout..huntinginParagraph3?A.Tosuggestsomepossiblewaysofchanginglivinghabits.B.Tostresstheimportanceoftoolsinhumans’struggleforlife.C.Toshowhowculturedevelopsashumansadapttotheenvironment.D.Toexplainwhythereisaneedtocallfortheproperuseofweapons.5.主旨推断法（适用于推断整篇文章的写作目的）APathway（路径）toMeaninginLifeWhenitcomestoameaningfullife,wemightthinkoflove,happinessandhealth.Alifefilledwithmeaningiswhatmostofuswantforourselves.Then,whatmakesameaningfullife?Manyresearchersagreethatameaningfullifecomesdowntothreefactors(因素):havinglong-termgoals,believingthatone’slifematters,andfeelingthatone’slifefitstogetherand“makessense”.Butwebelievethereismoretoconsider.Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣赏)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation(EA).EAisaboutthepersonfeelingconnectedtoeventsandbeingabletoappreciatethevaluewithintheconnection.Itshowsthediscoveryofandadmirationforlife’sbeauty.WerecentlysetouttobetterunderstandEAinstudies.WewereinterestedinwhetherEAwasalsotiedtogeneraljudgmentofmeaninginlife.Ifso,itcouldbeafactorformeaningfulness.Inthefirststudy,wehadpeoplerate(评估)theirsupportfordifferentmethodsofreducingstress.Wefoundthatpeoplewhomanagedstressbyfocusingontheirappreciationforlife’sbeautyalsoreportedexperiencinglifeashighlymeaningful.Inthenextstudy,weaskedpeopletoratethedegreetowhichtheyagreedwithvariousstatements,suchas“Iappreciatethebeautyoflife”and“Iappreciatelittlethingsinlife,”aswellasotherstatementsthatrelatedtothethreefactorsandageneralsenseofmeaninginlife.Ourresultsshowedthatthemorepeoplereportedthattheywere“appreciatinglife”anditsmanyexperiences,themoretheyfelttheirlifewasvaluable.Inthefollowingstudies,wefurtherlookedattheconnectionbetweenEAandmeaningfulness.Forexample,wefoundthatpeoplewhowereaskedtolookbackonthemostmeaningfuleventofthepastweekgenerallyreportedhighEAinthosemoments.Alltheresultsprovedourtheory(假设)true.Butputtingitintopracticecanbedifficult.Ourfast-pacedlifestylesfillthedaywithgoals.Wetrytogetthehighestoutputbothatworkandinsparetime.Thisfocusonfutureoutcomesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatishappeningrightnow.Weshouldslowdownandletlifesurpriseus.问：Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainhowtodiscoverbeautyinlife.B.Todiscusswhatthetruemeaningoflifeis.C.Tointroduceanewfactorforameaningfullife.D.Tocomparedifferentfactorsformeaningfulness.6.情景推断类情景推断题考查对文中重点论述的某个观点/概念/方法的理解，选项一般为不同的生活情景，要求选出符合该观点/概念/方法的情景。常见的设问方式如下所示：Youweremostprobablyin...conditionwhen__________.Youwillmostprobablyexperience...whenyou__________.Accordingtothewriter,wecan...by__________.情景推断题考查的是文中重点论述的观点/概念/方法，原文一般会使用概念解释和示例来加以论述，因此可利用原文中的解释和示例来找出选项中与之相符的情景。Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.Playingatennisgamethatimprovesone’sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthatleadsustoexpressideaswedidn’tknowwehad.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybeespeciallypleasurablewhentheyaretakingplace,butwhenwethinkbackonthemafterwards,wewouldsay,“Thatreallywasfun”andwishtheywouldhappenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,andgrown.问：Youwillmostprobablyexperienceenjoymentwhenyou______.A.buyexpensiveshoesB.orderadeliciousmealC.talkwithfriendsfornewideasD.sitquietlyinfrontofatelevision7.文章出处判定法文章出处判定法，就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处，如杂志、报纸、网络等。主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力，以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。Haveyoueverwantedtoachieveagoalandendedupdoinglotsofresearchonhowtoachieveit?Asyoulearnedmoreandmore,itseemedyouknewlessandless.Thatisbecausewhenyoulearnedanewconcept(概念),youfoundthattherewasalotmoretoknowaboutit.Usually,peoplethinktheyneedtogetmoreandmoreinformationbeforetryinganewidea...Oneofthebestwaystolearnistotakeactionandlearnfromtheresults...Learningmoreisgreatbutifallyou'redoingislearningandnottakingaction,it'stimetochangethat.Justtakethefirststep.Wecanusuallyreadthepassagein______.A.astorybook B.anewspaper C.anadvertisement D.aguidebook8.读者对象判定法读者对象判定法，就是根据文章内容推断出文章是针对哪个群体阅读的。主要考查学生的概括和推断能力。Whatcanyoudowithcyberbullying(网络欺凌)?Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou,tellanadultthatyouknoworlike.Forexample,talktoaparentorateacher.Ifyougetbadmessages,don'treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthepolice.Askanadultforhelp.Don'tshareanythingbeforeyoumakesureitistrue.Saysorryifyouarenotkindtosomeone.Youcanwriteamessageortalktotheperson.Andalwaysremember:thinkabouthowtobekindinthefuture.Thispassageismainlywrittenfor______.A.teachers B.parents C.child D.thepolice9.论证方式判定法论证方式判定法，就是对文章提出的观点举例子，列数字，作比较等方式去支撑文章中提出的观点，证明观点的合理性。主要考查学生对题干的理解，及线索句的定位和理解能力。TheInternetofthingsmaybecomingsoonerthanyouthink.Itisreportedthatduringhisspeechearlierthisyear,Samsung(三星)CEOBKYoonspentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings.Hesaidthatfiveyearsfromnow,everySamsungproductwillbepartoftheInternetofthings,whetheritˈsawashingmachineoravacuumcleaner(吸尘器).TheSamsungCEO’sspeechismentionedtoprove(证明)that____A.SamsungproducedtheInternetofthingsinthepast.B.TheInternetofthingswillcomeintoourdailylifesooner.C.HespentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthingsD.SamsungproductsarepartoftheInternetofthings.10.篇章结构判定法篇章结构判定法，就是对文章整体的结构，或者段落中某事件的结构进行分析总结，常以排序或结构图示等来考查。主要考查学生对整体文章内容的理解和概括能力。Aroundtheworld,peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhatgoodmannersare.Whenyougotorestaurantsindifferentpartsoftheworld,it’simportanttoknowtherightandwrongthingstodo.Forexample,inChina,it’sOKtomakealotofnoiseinarestaurant.Infact,ifarestaurantisn’tnoisyorlively,youmaythinkthere’ssomethingwrongwithit.However,inmanywesterncountries,restaurantsarequietplaces.Ifatableistooloud,otherpeopleintherestaurantmightevencomplaintotheowneroftherestaurant.Payingthebillisalsodifferentfromcountrytocountry.InChina,onepersonusuallypaysforeverybody.Inwesterncountries,onepersonpayswhenheorsheisentertainingclients,butwhenfriendseattogether,theyusuallysharethecost.Thisiscalled“GoingDutch”.Also,whenWesternerspaythebill,theyusuallyleavesomemoneyforthewaiter.Thisiscalled“leavingatip”.Leavingatipisthoughttobepolite.IntheUS,peopleareexpectedtotipbetween15%and20%ofthebill,whichisdecidedbyhowgoodtheserviceis.Goodwaiterscanmakealotofmoney!Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.Whenyoutraveltoanothercountry,pleasefollowitscustoms,justasthesayinggoes“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?(①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4)A.①;②③;④B.①;②;③④C.①②;③;④D.①;②③④一.[2024长沙三模]CEventhoughAfricanelephantsareprotected,manyofthemarestillbeingkilledfortheirivory.Attheendofthe1970s,over1.3millionelephantswalkedaroundAfrica,buttoday,thenumberhasfallentoaround500,000.Thisismainlycausedbyillegal（非法的）huntingforivory.Thedemandforivoryinmarkets,especiallyinAsiaandAfrica,continuestopushtheillegaltrade.Thishasresultedinthedeathsofatleast35,000Africanelephantseachyear.Ivory,alsoknownas“whitegold”,haslongbeenconsideredvaluable.Itsunusuallookhasledtoitsuseinlotsofexpensivethings,includingjewellery,musicalinstrumentsandart.Andtheivorymaterialitselfcanstandthetestoftime.Somanypeoplearewillingtopayahighpriceforivoryproducts.However,nomatterhowmuchrealivoryissoldfor,it’scertainlynotworththeharmtoelephants.That’swhysomescientistsareworkingtoachievethesamebeautyofivorywithoutkillinganyanimals.ThaddaaRathandherteamattheViennaUniversityofTechnologyhavecreatedtheivorycalled“Digory”.Thehigh-techivoryismadefromsyntheticresin（合成树脂）andcalciumphosphateparticles（磷酸钙颗粒）.It’sfirstformedintotheshapebya3Dprinter.Andthenitiscolor-matchedandcolored.Next,itispolished（抛光）tomakeitlooklikerealnaturalivory.AlthoughDigorylookssorealthatitishardtotellitfromrealivory,itschemicalstructureiscompletelydifferentfromthatoftherealone.FritzVollrath,abiologistwhoisagainstkillingelephantsforivory,feltexcitedabouttheinventionandspokehighlyofitforthefactthatDigorycouldsavemanyelephantsfromrisks.Scientistshavemadesomeachievements,butwestillneedtodomoreresearchtomakesurethattheyarewidelyused.It’sstillhopefulthatscientistsmaybeabletoprotectAfricanelephantsbymakinghigh-techmaterialstotaketheplaceofrealivory.1．Howdoestheauthorshowthedangeroussituationsofelephants?A.Bytellingastory.B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Byaskingaquestion.2．Whydomanypeoplewanttobuyivoryproductsathighprices?A.Foritscommonlook.B.Foritslonghistory.C.Foritshigh-qualitymaterial.3．Whatdoweknowaboutmaking“Digory”?①Itssteps.②Itstime.③Itsmaterials.④Itscost.A.①② B.③④ C.①③4．Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriteragreewith?A.Technologycantakehumans’placeincreatingart.B.ItisalmostimpossiblethatDigorywillbewidelyused.C.Theuseoftechnologycansupporttheprotectionofwildlife.二．[2024杭州一模]Manypeoplewithphysicaldisabilitiesthinkthattheycannotdoanysports.However,atAdaptiveOutdoorz,webelievethateveryonecandosports!Weteachdisabledpeoplewhitewaterrafting,skiing,snowboarding,andmanyotherexcitingoutdoorsports.Manydisabledpeopledon'tdoanysportsbecausetheythinkit'stoodangerousforthem.Theyareafraidthattheywillgethurt.However,inthepast12years,wehaveproved（证明）toourstudentsagainandagainthatthisisnottrue.Ourexcellentcoachesareverycarefulwhentheyteachdisabledpeople,soourstudentsarealwayssafe.Infact,manyofourcoacheshavedisabilities,too,sotheyreallyunderstandhowtheirstudentsfeel.Theyalsoknowthatmanypeoplewithdisabilitiesneednewchallengesintheirlives.Whenpeoplewithdisabilitiesreachtheirgoalssuccessfullybytryingsomethingnew,itisanexcitingexperienceforthem!Manystudentstellusthataftertheylearnedhowtodoanewsport,theydiscoveredthattheyfeltmuchmoreconfident,notonlyaboutdoingsports,butaboutallpartsoftheirlife.Hereiswhatthefatherofoneofourstudentssaidtous:“MywifeandIbothlovetoski.Sowhenourdaughterwasbornwithadisability,wethoughtthatunluckilyshecouldneverenjoythesportthatwelovesomuch.Whenshewassix,weheardaboutAdaptiveOutdoorz,andwedecidedtotakehertoyourskischoolforoneweek.Thiswasthebestdecisionweevermade!Welearnedthatwhenyourchildhasadisability,youhavetokeepteachinghertodonewandmoredifficultthings.Thisteachesherhowtotakearisk.Beingsuccessfulhelpshertobecomeastrongandhappyperson.Nowourdaughtersaysthatskiingiseasy,andshemakesuphermindtolearnhowtosnowboard!Thankyou,AdaptiveOutdoorz!”1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”refertoinParagraph1?A.It'stoodangerousfordisabledpeopletodosports.B.It'snotnecessarytoteachdisabledpeopletodosports.C.It'seasierfordisabledpeopletohurtothersduringsports.D.It'susefulfordisabledteacherstoteachdisabledchildren.2．What'stheadvantageofhavingdisabledcoachesinAdaptiveOutdoorz?A.Theyaremoreconfidentandcareful.B.Theyalwaysliketotrysomethingnew.C.Theycanunderstandtheirstudents'feelings.D.Theyarereallygoodatdoingoutdoorsports.3．HowdoesthewritersupporthisopinionaboutAdaptiveOutdoorzinthelastparagraph?A.Bytellingaregrettablestory.B.Byusingapersonalexperience.C.Byprovidingsomenumbers.D.Byquestioningsomefamousexperts.4．What'sAdaptiveOutdoorzaccordingtothepassage?A.Sportsclubsfordisabledcoachesandteachers.B.Trainingprogramsforparentswithdisabledchildren.C.Summercampsforchildrenwholoveoutdoorsports.D.Specialprogramsforchildrenandadultswithdisabilities.本文是一篇说明文，介绍了AdaptiveOutdoorz通过教授残疾人户外运动，帮助他们克服对运动的恐惧，增强自信心，享受生活。三．[2024长沙三模]BTheLastLeafisashortstorywrittenbytheUSwriterO.Henry,oneofthemostfamousshortstorywritersinhistory.Hisstoriesareknownfortheirsurprisingendings,nowcalled“O.Henryendings”.InthestoryofTheLastLeaf,SueandJoannaaretwoartistslivinginNewYorkCity.Unfortunately,Joannaisillandwillprobablydie.Inanapartment,somethingtouchingandunexpectedhappens.Let’sfindoutmoreinthefollowingexcerpt（节选）.Suelookedoutofthewindow.Allshesawwasanoldyellowandgreenivy（常春藤）plant.Thehalf-deadplanthadfewleavesonitbecauseoftheautumnwinds.“Thereareonlyfive,now,”saidJoanna.“Fivewhat,dear?Whatareyoucounting?”“Theivyleaves,”repliedJoanna.“Whenthelastonefalls,Imustgo,too.I’veknownthatforthreedays.Didn’tthedoctortellyou?”“Joanna,don’tsaythat.Now,havesomesoupandI’llfinishmypicture.”“Idon’twantanysoup,”saidJoanna,lookingoutofthewindow.“Nowthereareonlyfour.”“Joanna,dear,trytosleep.ImustaskMr.Behrmantocomeuphere.Iwanttodrawapictureofhimasapooroldminer.”Mr.Behrman,whowasover60yearsold,liveddownstairs.Hewasapainter,too.Butheneverpaintedagoodpicture,andhedrankalot.SuetoldhimallaboutwhatJoannawassaying.“Shecan’treallythinkthatthiswillhappen!Thepoorwoman!”hecried....Finally,therewasonlyonelastleafontheivyplant.Afterafewwindydays,theleafwasstillthere.“Susie,”saidJoanna,“I’vebeenabadgirl.Thatlastleafistellingmethatitwasverywrongofmetowanttodie.Bringmesomesoup,dear.”Thenextday,thedoctorsaid,“She’soutofdanger.ButpoorMr.Behrmandownstairsisdying.There’snohopeforhim,I’mafraid.”ThatafternoonSuewentintoJoanna’sbedroom.“Joanna,dear,Mr.Behrmandiedtoday.Anddoyouknowwhy?Oneterrible,coldwetnighthetookaladder（梯子）andsomegreenandyellowpaintandheclimbedup,and—oh,lookatthelastivyleafonthewall!Whydidn’titmoveinthewind?ItwasMr.Behrman’slastgreatpicture.Hepaintedittherethenightthatthelastleaffell.”1．WhatcanweknowaboutTheLastLeafaccordingtothepassage?A.Ithasanexpectedandexcitingending.B.Ittellsamovingstoryhappeninginanapartment.C.ItisalongstorywrittenbytheUSwriterO.Henry.2．HowlongcanJoannaliveinthedoctor’seyes?A.Forseveraldays. B.Forseveralmonths. C.Forseveralyears.3．Whydidn’tthelastivyleaffallafterafewwindydays?A.Becauseitwaspaintedonthewall.B.Becausethewindwasnotsostrong.C.Becausetheleafwasyoungandgreen.4．Whatcanweinfer（推断）fromthepassage?A.Mr.Behrmanwasaverykind-heartedartist.B.SuewastoobusytocomfortherfriendJoanna.C.Joannawasacarelessgirlwithouthopeinherlife.本文主要节选自美国作家欧·亨利的短篇小说《最后一片叶子》。四．[2023温州,B]Amarathonisalongrunningraceof26.2miles（42.195kilometers）.ThefirstOlympicMarathonwasheldinAthens.Now,manycitieshosttheirownmarathonseveryyear.Someofthebest-knownmarathonsaroundtheworldaretheNewYorkCityMarathon,theBostonMarathonandtheTokyoMarathon.Amongthem,theBostonMarathonwhichstartedin1897,istheoldestyearlymarathonintheworld.Astimegoesby,thesporthasbecomemorethanjustarace.Themesofmarathonsaddfunandmeaningtothehardmiles.Runnersrunforhelpingsickkids,celebratingimportantevents,orjustenjoyingnature.ThereisafamousmarathoninGisborne,NewZealand,whichisknownforbeingthefirstcityintheworldtowelcomethesunlighteveryday.Runnerscangreetthesunriseastheyracealongthegoldensandybeaches.Marathonroutesbringpeoplemoreunderstandingoftheoldsport.Someroutesprovidegreatsportingchallengesforrunners.Theroutesoffervarioussurfaces,frombridgestosandstohills.Runnersofallskilllevelscansweatfreelyandpushtheirlimits（极限；限制）intherace.Someroutesarewellplannedforrunnerstoexplorethemanysidesofacity.Forexample,therouteoftheGreatWallMarathontakestherunnersalongthegreatwonderoftheworld.TheracecanbeanamazingchancetogettoknowBeijing,itspeopleandlocalfood.Amarathonisquiteajourneyforrunnerstoenjoytherun,challengethemselvesandexperiencetheculture.Thereissomuchmorebehindtheraceforustoexplore.1．Accordingtothepassage,theoldestyearlymarathonis______.A.theTokyoMarathon B.theOlympicMarathonC.theBostonMarathon D.theNewYorkCityMarathon2．WhatmightbethethemeofthemarathoninGisborne?A.FirstLight. B.LivelyKids. C.GreenMiles. D.FunBeach.3．ThewriterusestheexampleoftheGreatWallMarathontotellthattheroute______.A.isdifficulttoplan B.showsthecitycultureC.offersdifferentsurfaces D.bringschallengetorunners4．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Marathon:NotJustaRace B.Marathon:RoutesandRulesC.Marathon:HistoryandThemes D.Marathon:ARaceforEveryone五．[2024长沙二模]BForyoungpeoplewhogrowupinvillages,findingajobinthecitysoundsgood.ButNingFenfang,34,leftthebigcitytobeafarmer.In2017,sheleftherjobinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince,andwentbacktoherhometownofCiliCountyinZhangjiajie,HunanProvince.Atthattime,muchofthefarmlandtherewasdeserted（被遗弃）.Seeingthis,Ningdecidedtobeafarmer.Shestartedgrowingriceandrapeseed（油菜籽）in2020andhiredmanyvillagerstoworkonherland,providingjobsforlocalpeople.Ningnowfarmsmorethan66.7hectares（公顷）ofland.Morethan300housewiveshaveworkedpart-timeonherland,eachmakingmorethan10,000yuanperyear.“It’snevereasy,”saidNing.Atfirst,shedidn’thaveenoughfarmingknowledge.Then,peoplecouldn’tunderstandherdecisiontobecomeafarmer.Farmingisoftenseenasan“unsuitable”jobforboththepost-90sgenerationandwomeningeneral.However,Ninglovedfarming.“Whenyou’retired,youcanstopandrestanddowhatyouwanttodo.Everyday,youcanenjoynature,whichmanypeoplehopefor,”Ningsaid.Ninghastriedtoturnfarmingintoa“fashionable”job.Ratherthandependingonfarmersonly,sheadvisesmechanized（机械化）farming,whichmeansusinghigh-techmachines.Shealsoplanstoprovidechildrenlivingincitieswithachancetoexperiencefarming.Ningalwaysfeelsresponsibleforfarmers.Recentlyshehassuggestedthattheagriculturalinsurance（农业保险）plansshouldincludegreenhouses,asfreezingrainhitherhometownandcausedagreatlosstothefarmerinthewinterof2023.1．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A.Manyyoungpeoplefromvillagesexpecttogetajobinthecity.B.Quiteafewyoungpeoplewanttobefarmersinthevillagenow.C.It’simpossibleforyoungpeoplefromvillagestogetajobinthecity.2．HowdidNingmanageherfarmlandatfirst?A.Sheworkedonthelandbyherself.B.Shehiredmanyvillagerstoworkonherland.C.Sheusedhigh-techmachinesallthetime.3．WhywasitnoteasyforNingtobeafarmeratfirst?A.Shedidn’thaveastrongwill.B.Shedidn’thaveenoughmoney.C.Shedidn’thaveenoughfarmingknowledge.4．WhatisNinglikeaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.Friendlyandhumorous.B.Creativeandresponsible.C.Strictandhard-working.六．（2024广州一模，A）Onedarkstormynight,anelderlycouplehurriedintoahotelandaskedwhethertheycouldbeputupforthenight.“I'msorry,”theclerkonnightdutysaidpolitely.“Alltheroomsaretakentonight,butIcan'tsendanicecouplelikeyououtintherain.Wouldyoubewillingtostayinmyroom?It'snotexactlyahotelroombutitwillmakeyoucomfortable.AsI'monduty,I'llbestayingupintheofficeanyway.”Theelderlycoupleacceptedhisofferthankfully.Thenextday,whentheoldgentlemanwenttopayhisbill,theclerkbehindthereceptiondeskwasthatsamehelpfulyoungman.“Theroomyouandyourwifestayedinisnotaproperguestroomsoyoudon'tneedtopay,”saidtheclerkwiththesamefriendlysmile.Theoldgentlemannoddedwithasmile,“You'reanemployee（雇员）thateverybossinthehotelbusinesswoulddreamof.PerhapssomedayI'llbuildahotelforyou.”Theclerkwasamazedbuthedecidedthattheguestmusthavebeenjoking.Hegavenomorethoughttowhattheoldmansaid.Twoyearslater,theyoungmanreceivedaletterfromtheoldgentlemaninwhichhementionedtheexperienceofthatdarkstormynight.Withtheletter,therewasanairtickettoNewYorkandaninvitation,askingtheyoungmantopayavisit.AtastreetcornerinManhattan,theyoungmanmethisoldguest.Thegentlemanpointedtoagreatnewbuildingandsaid,“Look,thatisthehotelIpromisedtobuildforyou.Ihopeyou'llmanageitforme.”Theyoungmanwasshocked,“Sir,whydoyouchoosemeandwhoareyou?”“MynameisWilliamAstor.LikeItoldyoubefore,youarethebestemployeeIcouldeverdreamof.”ThisbuildingwastheWaldorfAstoriaHotel.ThishotelhasbeenasymbolinthecityofNewYorkandtheNo.1choiceforvisitingleadersfromdifferentcountries.TheyoungmanwhobecameitsfirstmanagerwasGeorgeBoldt.HeturnedWaldorfintooneofthemostfamoushotelsintheworld.1．Whatcanweknowaboutthecouplefromthebeginningofthestory?A.Theywereallwetonastormynight.B.Theybookedahotelroombeforetheyarrived.C.Theystayedinthehotelclerk'sroomforthenight.D.TheyflewtoN