山西省2025届高三下学期三模（押题卷） 英语试题（含解析）

2025届山西省高三下学期三模（押题卷）英语试题一、阅读理解TypesofTravelAgentsTravelagentsplayacrucialroleinthetourismindustry,offeringvariousservicestailoredtodifferentcustomerneeds.Thefourprimarytypesoftravelagentsvarybasedontheservicestheyprovideandtheproductstheyoffer.HighStreetTravelAgentsHighstreettravelagentshavebeenalongstandingpresenceintheindustry.Typicallylocatedinmajorshoppingareas,suchaslocalhighstreetsorshoppingmalls,manycustomersappreciatetheface-to-faceinteractiontheyoffer.However,theriseofonlinebookingplatformshasledtoadeclineinfoottraffic,resultingintheclosureofseveralhighstreettravelagencies.BusinessTravelAgentsBusinesstravelagentsspecializeinplanningandbookingtravelforbusinesspurposes.Theydonotalwayshaveavisiblehighstreetpresence.Instead,theymaybelocatedinofficeblocksorquietareas.Businesstravelagentsarepopularbecausetheyhelpsaveorganizationtimeandmoney,astheyareabletoquicklyplanitineraries(旅程)andbooktravelatthebestprices.InternetTravelAgentsInternettravelagentsoperateonline.Theyarethemostpopulartypeoftravelagentnowadays,asmanypeopleprefertobookonline.Theriseofinternettravelagentshasbeensosignificantinrecentyearsthatthereisnowmuchcompetitioninthemarketplace.Thishashelpeddrivedownpricesandmakeholidaysmoreaffordableforcustomers.CallCentreTravelAgentsAcallcentretravelagentoperatesfromacallcentre.Itprovidesadviceandguidanceonbookingholidaysviathetelephone.Somecompaniesevenchoosetobasetheircallcentresindevelopingcountries,wherewagesandoverheadcostsarelower.However,thismaynegativelyimpacttheservicequalityduetocommunicationchallengesandvaryingcustomerexpectations.1．WhatcausedthedeclineinfoottraffictoHighStreetTravelAgents?A．Highertravelprices. B．Limitedtraveloptions.C．Onlyservingbusinessclients. D．Competitionfromonlinebookingplatforms.2．Whichspecializesinarrangingtravelforcorporateclients?A．InternetTravelAgents. B．BusinessTravelAgents.C．HighStreetTravelAgents. D．CallCentreTravelAgents.3．WhatisadisadvantageofCallCentreTravelAgentsindevelopingcountries?A．Higherservicefees. B．Limitedoperatinghours.C．Languagebarriersandculturaldifferences. D．Limitedaccesstoonlinebookingsystems.Threeyearsago,LydiaPenderandherhusband,Andy,weremovingintotheirnewapartmentinHonolulu,Hawaii,whentheynoticedloudmusiccomingthroughthewallsfromtheirneighbor’sapartment.Curious,theydecidedtovisit,introducethemselves,andfindoutwhatonearthallthenoisewasabout.That’swhentheymetDerekPeart,a98-year-oldformerEnglishpilotintheBritishNavy.Afterchattingwithhim,theydiscoveredthemusicwasplayingloudlybecauseheworehearingaidsthatdidn’tpickupsoundverywell.So,thecouplehelpedhimadjusthishearingaids.Astheyworkedontheadjustments,theyrealizedthesourceoftheloudmusictheyhadheardearlierwasactuallythepianoinhisapartment.Later,thecouplelearnedthatMr.Pearthadtakenlessonsasachildbuteventuallystopped.Whenhegotolder,herealizedhecouldjustsitandplayanythingfromrecall,relyingonhissenseoftouchtonavigatethepianokeys.Hislatewife,Mickey,hadencouragedhimtoplayandevenboughthimtheYamahapianohestillplaystoday.“Hesaidhewouldplayforussometime,andthat’swherethefriendshipstarted,”Lydiarecalls.“Wethoughthewasthecoolestguyandwantedtohangoutwithhimmore!”LydiaandAndyinitiallyinvitedMr.Peartoverfortea,whichturnedintoamonthlytraditionofpizza,beer,anddessert,followedbyaminiconcertfromMr.Peart.Theyenjoyedsinginganddancingtooldsongs,including“SecretLove”byDorisDay.LydiabeganrecordingtheirperformancesandpostedavideoonTikTok,whichwentviral,bringingMr.Peartunexpectedfame.Heenjoysthepositivecommentsandcan’tbelievethereachofthevideos.Throughtheirfriendship,Lydiahaslearnedthatthefriendshipacrossagesisagift.Mr.Peart,wholovesanimals,especiallyenjoysvisitingLydia’scat,Biscuit.Theirbondisstrong,andLydiahopestocontinueenjoyinghiscompanyandmusicforaslongaspossible.4．WhatdirectlydroveLydiatovisitMr.Peartforthefirsttime?A．TheirmovetoHawaii. B．Thenoisefromtheneighbor.C．Theinvitationfromtheneighbor. D．Theircuriosityabouttheapartment.5．WhatdidLydiaandAndylearnaboutMr.Peart’spianoplaying?A．Hecouldonlyplaysongsthatweretaughttohim.B．Hecouldplaybymemoryandfeelhiswayonthekeys.C．Hestoppedplayingthepianoafterhiswifepassedaway.D．Heboughtanewpianowiththemoneyhiswifegavehim.6．WhatroledoesmusicplayinLydiaandMr.Peart’sfriendship?A．Musicisawayforthemtogatherregularly.B．Musicisasourceofconflictbetweenthem.C．MusicisawayforMr.Pearttoshowcasehisskills.D．MusicisachoiceforLydiatoexpresshercreativity.7．Whatkeythemeisstressedinthelastparagraph?A．Theimpactofsocialmediaonrelationships.B．Theimportanceofmusicinbuildingfriendships.C．Thevalueandjoyofintergenerationalfriendships.D．Thechallengesofformingrelationshipsacrossgenerations.NewresearchfromKing’sCollegeLondonandtheUniversityofGreenwichshowsthatlonelinessinyoungpeoplecanaffecttheirfuture,includingtheirjobchancesandoverallsuccess.Thestudyfoundthatlonelyyoungadultsaremorelikelytobeoutofeducation,work,ortraining,andtheythinktheyarelessemployablecomparedtotheirpeers(同龄人)whoaren’tlonely.Theresearchersstudied2,232peopleborninEnglandandWalesbetween1994and1995.Theylookedatthesepeoplewhentheywere12,18,and26yearsold,checkinghowlonelytheyfeltandhowtheyratedtheirsocialstatus.Atage18,theyalsolookedattheirjobsituationandemployability.Researchersfoundthatyoungadultswhohadexperiencedlonelinessearlierinlifeexperienceddifficultiesinyoungadulthood,eveniftheywerenolongerlonely.Researchersthinkthatthisdemonstratesthatlonelinessimpactsaperson’slongtermeconomicprospectsandthataddressinglonelinessinyoungpeoplecouldhelpthembemoresuccessfulandproductive,whichcouldbenefittheeconomy.LouiseArseneault,ProfessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyandoneofthestudy’sseniorco-authors,said,“Ourresearchisoneofveryfewstudiesreportingontheimpactoflonelinessyearslater.Ifwearetocreateeffectivepreventionstrategies,weneedtocontinuecollectingdatainordertounravelthelong-termoutcomesoflonelinessatvariousstagesoflife.Thiscanofferinsightfordevelopingpreventionstrategies.”Dr.TimothyMatthews,LecturerinPsychologyatUniversityofGreenwichandoneofthestudy’sseniorco-authors,said,“Whileweshouldneverforgetthatlonelinessimpactspeopleofallages,ourresearchsuggeststhatreducinglonelinessinchildrenandyoungpeoplecouldhavebenefitsbothfortheirownemploymentprospectsandfortheeconomymorewidely.”8．Whatimpactdoesteenagelonelinesshaveonthefuture?A．Ithasnoimpact. B．Itincreasesproductivity.C．Itimprovesemployment. D．Itleadstohigherunemployment.9．Howdoesthearticleexplainthelong-termeffectsofloneliness?A．Byprovidingonlystatisticaldata.B．Bytellingpersonalstoriesandexperiences.C．Bypresentingresearchdataandexpertopinions.D．Bygivingexamplesofsuccessfulyoungadults.10．Whatmighttheunderlinedword“unravel”meaninthe4th.paragraph?A．Explain. B．Plan. C．Solve. D．Produce.11．WhatdoesDr.Matthewsrecommendinthelastparagraph?A．Focusonadults,notchildren. B．Forgetaboutlonelinessinchildren.C．Reducelonelinesstoimproveemployment. D．Researchloneliness’slinktoeconomicgrowth.Researchersareworkingonmakingtransparent(透明的)woodusingnaturalmaterialsthataregoodfortheenvironment.Thisnewmaterialcouldreplaceplasticinthingslikesmartphonesandwindows.Theproblemwithplasticisthatitisnotbiodegradable,whichmeansitdoesn’tdisappearinnature.Transparentwoodismadebyremovingsomepartsofwood,likelignin(asubstancethatmakeswoodhard)andhemicellulose(atypeofsugarthathelpsholdthestructureofwoodtogether),leavingonlycellulose(themainsubstanceinwood).Afterthat,thewoodissoakedinamixtureofeggwhitesandricejuicetomakeitstrongandsemi-transparent.BharatBaruah,achemistryprofessoratKennesawStateUniversity,wasinspiredbyhishobbyofwoodworking.HealsothoughtabouthowbuildingsweremadeinhishomestateofAssaminnortheasternIndia,wherebuildersusedamixofsand,stickyrice,andeggwhitestomakestrongmaterials.Baruahthoughtthesematerialscouldbeusedtomaketransparentwoodstrongwithoutusingharmfulplastic.Tomaketransparentwood,theteamusedavacuum(真空)andsomechemicalslikesodiumsulfite,sodiumhydroxide,anddilutedbleach.Thesechemicalswereusedtoremovetheligninandhemicellulose.Then,theysoakedthewoodintheeggwhiteandricemixture,whichfilledtheholesinthewoodandkeptittransparent.Theresultwasawoodthatisflexible,strong,andsemi-transparent.Theteamalsotestedthetransparentwoodinwindows.Theyfoundthatthewoodkeptasmallhousecoolerthanglasswindowsdid.Thisshowsthattransparentwoodcouldbeagood,energy-savingchoiceforwindows.Theresearchersalsoaddedtinywirestomakethewoodabletoconductelectricity,whichcouldbeusefulforthingslikewearablesensorsorsolarcells.Althoughthetransparentwoodisnotcompletelyclearyet,theteamishappywiththeirprogress.Thematerialsarenaturalandcheap,andtheyhopetomakethewoodfullybiodegradableinthefuturewhilestillkeepingitstronganduseful.12．Whatmakestransparentwoodamoreeco-friendlyoptionthanplastic?A．Itsabilitytobreakdownnaturally. B．Itsabilitytousewindenergy.C．Itsstrengthandlong-lastingnature. D．Itslightnessandlowenergyuse.13．WhatinspiredBharatBaruahtoexploretransparentwood?A．Interestinplasticalternatives. B．Desiretousemetalinconstruction.C．Researchoneco-friendlymaterials. D．WoodworkingandAssam’sbuildingmethods.14．Howdidthetransparentwoodperforminwindows?A．Itbrokeeasilyunderpressure. B．Itwascompletelyclearlikeglass.C．Itwaslessenergy-efficientthanglass. D．Ithelpedmaintainacoolerindoortemperature.15．Whatdoresearchersaimtoachievewithtransparentwood?A．Tomakeitmoreflexiblethanplastic. B．Tomakeitagoodmaterialforfurniture.C．Toensureitremainsstrongandeco-friendly. D．Tomakeitresistanttowaterandfiredamage.Inaworldofconstantconsumptionandinformationoverload,theappealofminimalismhasneverbeenstronger.16Thisguidewillwalkyouthroughseveralpracticalstepstoacceptaminimalistlifestyle,helpingyoudeclutteryourspace,simplifyyourlife,andfocusonwhattrulymatters.Atitscore,minimalismisaboutintentionality.17Suchas,lessstuff,lessstress,andfewerinterruptions.Butit’snotaboutgoingwithout.Instead,minimalismisaboutmakingroomformore—morefreedom,moretime,moreavailablemoney,morementalspace,morepeace,andmoremeaningfulexperiences.Herearesomepracticaltipsandstepsforyoutobecomeaminimalistandpursueyourownsimplelife.UnderstandYour“Why”forPursuingaMinimalistLifeBeforeyoustartmakinganysignificantchanges,it’sgoodtounderstandwhyyou’redrawntoaminimalistlifestyle.Yourmotivationswillguideyourjourneyandhelpyoustaycommittedwhenchallengesarise,sostartwithdeterminingwhyyouwanttopursuethislifestyle.18Bespecificandhonestwithyourself.TheArtofDeclutteringNowcomesthechallengingpart:decluttering.Thegoalisn’ttodeserteverything,buttokeeponlywhattrulyaddsvalue.Findamethodthatworksforyou,startingwithasmallarealikeadrawerorcloset.19AdoptQualityOverQuantityMinimalismisn’tabouthavingnothing—it’sabouthavingtherightthings.Investinhigh-quality,adaptableitemsthatservemultiplepurposesandcanstandthetestoftime.Beforeyournextpurchase,askyourself:Isthisitemhigh-quality?Willitservemultiplepurposes?Willitlastalongtime?20You’lloftenfindattheendofyour30days,yousimplydon’twantthatitemanymorebecausetheurgehaspassed.A．Willitmakemylifemorecomplicated?B．It’salifestylethatencourageslivingwithless.C．Minimalismencouragesanorganized,busylife.D．Asyougainconfidence,moveontolargerspaces.E．Employa30-daywaitingperiodbeforemakingpurchases.F．Writedownyourreasonsforwantingtoacceptminimalism.G．Butwhatisminimalism,andhowcanyouapplyittoyourlife?二、完形填空YuanXin,aone-armeddoctoralstudentfromWuhanUniversityofScienceandTechnology,hasbecomeasymbolofdetermination.Attheageofthree,Yuan’slifewasforeverchangedwhenhewas21byatruckwhilecrossingtheroad,resultinginthe22ofhisrightarm.Despiteboth23andemotionalchallenges,Yuan’sspiritremainedunbroken.Hismother,awomanofwisdom,24himtowritewithhislefthand,believingfirmlythat“knowledgechangeslife”.Hersupportbecamethefoundationofhisextraordinary25.Despitefacingbeinglaughedatinschool,Yuan’sdeterminationnever26.“IknowIamdifferent,butthatdoesn’tmeanIcan’t27,”hewouldtellhimself.Heworkedtirelesslytosucceedacademically,oftenoutperformingotherswithhisstrongfocusanddiscipline.“Therearecountlesswaystolivelife,andthe28ofothersshouldnotdefineyou,”hismotheroften29him.Thesewords,fullofwisdom,becamehisguidingprinciple,30himtoriseabovethenegativityaroundhim.In2014,YuanbeganstudyingcomputerscienceatWuhanUniversityofScienceandTechnology,31hehadneverusedacomputerbefore.Throughhardwork,hequicklycaughtupwithotherstudentsandwas32toadvancedprograms.Now,in2025,asagraduate,Yuanhaswonoverthirty33,includingpatents,andhasspentovertenyearsprogrammingwithonehand.Knownforhisstrongworkhabitsandkindness,heinspiresotherswithhis34andwillingnesstohelp.Yuan’sstoryshowsthatwithhardworkandapositiveattitude,wecan35challengesandshapeourfuture.21．A．struck B．killed C．caught D．attacked22．A．illness B．loss C．ache D．damage23．A．mental B．practical C．professional D．physical24．A．promised B．allowed C．taught D．chose25．A．wisdom B．journey C．patent D．technology26．A．appeared B．displayed C．shifted D．enhanced27．A．fail B．adjust C．tolerate D．succeed28．A．faults B．values C．reasons D．opinions29．A．praised B．ordered C．reminded D．admired30．A．helping B．forcing C．knowing D．expecting31．A．eventhough B．asthough C．sothat D．onlyif32．A．addicted B．admitted C．submitted D．used33．A．projects B．programs C．awards D．medals34．A．advantage B．commitment C．motivation D．warmth35．A．overcome B．adopt C．receive D．avoid三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)hasalongandrichhistory,datingbackthousandsofyears.Overthepastfewdecades,it36(gain)internationalrecognitionforitsuniqueapproach37health.ManypeopleoutsideChinahavebeguntoexploreTCMpracticessuchasacupuncture(针灸),herbalmedicine,andTaiChi.Thesepracticeshavebecome38(increasing)popularinWesterncountries,withmanyclinicsofferingacupunctureasatreatmentforpainmanagement.Inadditiontoacupuncture,Chineseherbalmedicinehasalsogainedpopularityaroundtheworld.ManyWesternersnowuseChineseherbstotreatconditionssuchasinsomnia(失眠),stress,anddigestiveissues.39riseofTCMintheWesthasledtoa40(deep)understandingofChinesecultureandphilosophythanbefore.41(encourage)bythesedevelopments,manyuniversitiesaroundtheworldnowofferprogramsinTCM.ChinesepractitionersofTCMhavealsobeeninvited42(teach)andsharetheirknowledgeinternationally,buildingstrongerculturaltiesbetweenChinaandothercountries.However,thespreadofTCMhasnotbeenwithoutchallenges.SomeWesterndoctorshaveexpressedconcerns,43traditionalmethodshavebeenwidelyused.Despitetheseconcerns,TCMcontinuestogain44(accept)asanimportantpartofglobalhealthpractices.AtarecentinternationalconferenceonTCM,manyexpertsagreedthat45(combine)traditionalknowledgewithmodernscienceoffersgreatpotentialforadvancinghealthcareworldwide.四、书信写作46．假定你是李华，你校学生会将在下周举行一次“环保主题会”，请你用英文写一则通知，内容包括：1.时间和地点；2.主题及内容；3.准时参加。注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Notice_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Students’Union五、书面表达47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ForaslongasIcouldremember,fearhadbeenaconstantshadowinmylife.Itwentintomythoughtsatthemostinconvenientmoments,whisperingthatIwasn’tgoodenough,thatIwouldfail.WhenIconsideredpursuingmydreams,thefearwasalwaysthere,remindingmethatfailurewouldbewaitingtoembarrassme.Itwaseasiertolistentoitswarnings—takingthesafe,familiarpathratherthanriskingeverything.Oneday,whilebrowsingthroughalocalnewspaper,Icameacrossanadvertisementforawritingcompetition.Thegrandprize—apublishingdeal—seemedlikeadistantdream,somethingonlythosewithtruetalentcouldachieve.Ipaused,theexcitementbrieflyovershadowingmydoubts.Ihadalwayslovedwriting,butthethoughtofothersreadingmywork—judgingmydeepestthoughtsandemotions—mademyhandstremble.Icouldalreadyhearthevoiceoffear,loudernow,“You’llneverbegoodenough.Don’tbother.It’snotworththepainoffailure.”Asthesubmissiondeadlinegrewcloser,mymindbecameabattlefield.Myfingerspausedoverthekeyboard,andIwouldwriteasentence,thendeleteit,doubtingeveryword.MyheartracedasIquestionedwhethermystorycouldstanduptotheothers.WouldIbelaughedat?Funny?Ispenthoursreworkingmyentry,staringattheflashingline,unsureifitwasevenworthsubmitting.Thefearateatme,whispering,“Youdon’tbelonghere.”Then,oneafternoon,asthesundippedlow,Isatbackinmychair,myeyesclosed.Thesilenceintheroompresseddownonme,andIsuddenlyrealizedsomethingimportant.Thefearofneverknowing—ofnevertrying—wasfarworsethanfailing.IfIdidn’tsubmit,Iwouldregretitforever.Withshakinghands,Iclickedthesubmitbutton,andinthatinstant,mystorywasoutthereintheworld,exposedandopentothejudgmentofstrangers.注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Thedaysthatfollowedwerefilledwithconstantanxiety._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theemailconfirmedit:Ihadwonthecompetition._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案【答案】1．D2．B3．C【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍旅行社的四种主要类型及其服务特点、优势和挑战。【详解】1．细节理解题。根据HighStreetTravelAgents部分中的“However,theriseofonlinebookingplatformshasledtoadeclineinfoottraffic,resultingintheclosureofseveralhighstreettravelagencies.(然而，在线预订平台的兴起导致客流量下降，导致多家实体旅行社关闭。)”可知，实体旅行社客流量减少的原因是来自在线预订平台的竞争。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据BusinessTravelAgents部分中的“Businesstravelagentsspecializeinplanningandbookingtravelforbusinesspurposes.(商务旅行社专门为商务目的规划和预订行程。)”可知，商务旅行社专注于为企业客户安排旅行。故选B项。3．细节理解题。根据CallCentreTravelAgents部分中的“Somecompaniesevenchoosetobasetheircallcentresindevelopingcountries,wherewagesandoverheadcostsarelower.However,thismaynegativelyimpacttheservicequalityduetocommunicationchallengesandvaryingcustomerexpectations.(一些公司甚至选择将呼叫中心设在工资和管理费用较低的发展中国家。然而，由于沟通困难和客户期望的不同，这可能会对服务质量产生负面影响。)”可知，呼叫中心旅行社在发展中国家的劣势在于语言障碍和文化差异。故选C项。【答案】4．B5．B6．A7．C【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了莉迪亚夫妇与98岁邻居皮尔特先生的跨代友谊。【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Threeyearsago,LydiaPenderandherhusband,Andy,weremovingintotheirnewapartmentinHonolulu,Hawaii,whentheynoticedloudmusiccomingthroughthewallsfromtheirneighbor’sapartment.Curious,theydecidedtovisit,introducethemselves,andfindoutwhatonearthallthenoisewasabout.(三年前，莉迪亚・彭德和丈夫安迪搬进夏威夷檀香山的新公寓时，注意到隔壁传来透过墙壁的喧闹音乐。出于好奇，他们决定上门自我介绍，弄清楚究竟是什么噪音)”可知，是邻居传来的噪音直接促使莉迪亚第一次去拜访皮尔特先生。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Whenhegotolder,herealizedhecouldjustsitandplayanythingfromrecall,relyingonhissenseoftouchtonavigatethepianokeys.(当他长大后，他意识到他可以坐着弹奏任何他想弹奏的曲子，依靠他的触觉来在钢琴键上摸索)”可知，莉迪亚和安迪了解到皮尔特先生可以凭记忆弹奏，并靠感觉在琴键上摸索。故选B。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“LydiaandAndyinitiallyinvitedMr.Peartoverfortea,whichturnedintoamonthlytraditionofpizza,beer,anddessert,followedbyaminiconcertfromMr.Peart.Theyenjoyedsinginganddancingtooldsongs,including“SecretLove”byDorisDay.(莉迪亚和安迪起初邀请皮尔特先生来喝茶，这后来变成了每月一次的传统：一起吃披萨、喝啤酒、吃甜点，之后皮尔特先生还会举办一场小型音乐会。他们喜欢跟着老歌唱歌跳舞，其中就有多丽丝・戴的《秘密之爱》)”可知，音乐是他们定期聚会的一种方式。故选A。7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Throughtheirfriendship,Lydiahaslearnedthatthefriendshipacrossagesisagift.(通过他们的友谊，莉迪亚了解到跨代友谊是一份礼物)”以及后文描述他们之间的深厚情谊可知，段落重点突出了莉迪亚通过与皮尔斯先生的友谊感受到的跨代友谊的珍贵与喜悦，而非它的“挑战”或仅仅是音乐的作用。故选C。【答案】8．D9．C10．A11．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了伦敦国王学院和格林威治大学的新研究表明，年轻人的孤独感会影响他们的未来，包括他们的就业机会和整体成功。【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Thestudyfoundthatlonelyyoungadultsaremorelikelytobeoutofeducation,work,ortraining,andtheythinktheyarelessemployablecomparedtotheirpeerswhoaren’tlonely.(研究发现，孤独的年轻人更有可能失学、失业或没有接受培训，与不孤独的同龄人相比，他们认为自己就业能力较差。)”可知，青少年的孤独感可能会导致更高的失业率。故选D。9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Theresearchersstudied2,232peopleborninEnglandandWalesbetween1994and1995.Theylookedatthesepeoplewhentheywere12,18,and26yearsold,checkinghowlonelytheyfeltandhowtheyratedtheirsocialstatus.Atage18,theyalsolookedattheirjobsituationandemployability.(研究人员研究了1994年至1995年间在英格兰和威尔士出生的2232人。他们在这些人12岁、18岁和26岁时观察了他们，检查了他们的孤独感以及他们如何评价自己的社会地位。在18岁时，他们还观察了他们的工作状况和就业能力。)”和第四段“LouiseArseneault,ProfessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyandoneofthestudy’sseniorco-authors,said,“Ourresearchisoneofveryfewstudiesreportingontheimpactoflonelinessyearslater.Ifwearetocreateeffectivepreventionstrategies,weneedtocontinuecollectingdatainordertounravelthelong-termoutcomesoflonelinessatvariousstagesoflife.Thiscanofferinsightfordevelopingpreventionstrategies.”(发展心理学教授、该研究的资深合著者之一LouiseArseneault说：“我们的研究是少数报告孤独多年后影响的研究之一。如果我们要制定有效的预防策略，我们需要继续收集数据，以解释孤独在人生各个阶段的长期结果。这可以为制定预防策略提供见解。”)”可知，文章通过展示研究数据和专家意见来解释孤独的长期影响。故选C。10．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Ourresearchisoneofveryfewstudiesreportingontheimpactoflonelinessyearslater.Ifwearetocreateeffectivepreventionstrategies,weneedtocontinuecollectingdatainordertounravelthelong-termoutcomesoflonelinessatvariousstagesoflife.(我们的研究是少数几项报告多年后孤独感影响的研究之一。如果我们想制定有效的预防策略，我们需要继续收集数据，以_____孤独在人生各个阶段的长期结果。)”可推测出，我们需要继续收集数据，以解释孤独在人生各个阶段的长期结果，由此可知，unravel的意思是“解释”。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whileweshouldneverforgetthatlonelinessimpactspeopleofallages,ourresearchsuggeststhatreducinglonelinessinchildrenandyoungpeoplecouldhavebenefitsbothfortheirownemploymentprospectsandfortheeconomymorewidely.(虽然我们永远不应该忘记孤独会影响所有年龄段的人，但我们的研究表明，减少儿童和年轻人的孤独感可能对他们的就业前景和更广泛的经济都有好处。)”可知，马修斯博士建议减少孤独感以提高就业率。故选C。【答案】12．A13．D14．D15．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员正在利用对环境有益的天然材料研制透明木材，这种新材料有望取代塑料，并详细阐述了其制作过程、性能优势以及未来的研发目标。【详解】12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Researchersareworkingonmakingtransparent(透明的)woodusingnaturalmaterialsthataregoodfortheenvironment.Thisnewmaterialcouldreplaceplasticinthingslikesmartphonesandwindows.Theproblemwithplasticisthatitisnotbiodegradable,whichmeansitdoesn’tdisappearinnature.(研究人员正致力于使用对环境有益的天然材料制造透明木材。这种新材料可以取代智能手机和窗户等产品中的塑料。塑料的问题是它不能生物降解，这意味着它不会在自然界中消失)”可推断出，透明木材的主要优点是其生物降解性，与塑料不同，塑料无法自然降解。透明木材能够分解在自然环境中，具有明显的环保优势。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第二段“BharatBaruah,achemistryprofessoratKennesawStateUniversity,wasinspiredbyhishobbyofwoodworking.HealsothoughtabouthowbuildingsweremadeinhishomestateofAssaminnortheasternIndia,wherebuildersusedamixofsand,stickyrice,andeggwhitestomakestrongmaterials.(肯尼索州立大学的化学教授BharatBaruah的灵感来自于他对木工的爱好。他还想到了自己家乡印度东北部阿萨姆邦的建筑方式，那里的建筑工人用沙子、糯米和蛋清混合制成坚固的材料)”可知，BharatBaruah探索透明木材的灵感来源于他的木工爱好以及阿萨姆邦的建筑方法。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theteamalsotestedthetransparentwoodinwindows.Theyfoundthatthewoodkeptasmallhousecoolerthanglasswindowsdid.(研究小组还在窗户上测试了透明木材。他们发现，这种木材比玻璃窗户更能使小房子保持凉爽)”可知，透明木材在窗户上的表现是它有助于保持室内凉爽的温度。故选D。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thematerialsarenaturalandcheap,andtheyhopetomakethewoodfullybiodegradableinthefuturewhilestillkeepingitstronganduseful.(这些材料是天然的且价格低廉，他们希望未来能使这种木材完全可生物降解，同时保持其坚固和实用性)”可知，研究人员希望未来能使这种木材完全可生物降解，同时保持其坚固和实用性，即研究人员研究透明木材的目标是确保它既坚固又环保。故选C。【答案】16．G17．B18．F19．D20．E【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了极简主义在当今信息过载时代的吸引力，并给出了接受极简主义生活方式的实用步骤，包括理解追求极简主义的原因、整理物品以及注重物品质量而非数量等。【详解】16．根据上文“Inaworldofconstantconsumptionandinformationoverload,theappealofminimalismhasneverbeenstronger.(在一个消费不断、信息过载的世界里，极简主义的吸引力从未如此强烈)”以及下文“Thisguidewillwalkyouthroughseveralpracticalstepstoacceptaminimalistlifestyle(这个指南将引导你通过几个实际步骤来接受极简主义生活方式)”可知，上文提出极简主义很有吸引力，G选项“但什么是极简主义，你如何将它应用到你的生活中呢？”承接上文，通过问题引出下文对极简主义的解释和接受极简主义生活方式的步骤说明。故选G。17．根据上文“Atitscore,mini