山西省大同市2025届高三下学期三模 英语试题（含解析）

2025届山西省大同市高三下学期三模英语试题一、阅读理解Volunteeringabroadprovidesyouwiththepricelessopportunitytotravelandengageyourselfindifferentcultures.Herearesomeopeningsavailableforapplicationnow!WhaleSharkandMarineConservationExperienceddiversarewelcometovolunteerfortheresearchandconservationoftheoceanecosystemanduniqueoceanlifefoundinMozambique!Formervolunteershavehelpedtoidentifyover800whalesharksandaddthemtoaglobaldatabase.Time:Minimum4weeks—Maximum12weeksVolunteerwork:UnderwaterdatacollectionandphotographingoceanlifeAge:22-50WildlifeSanctuaryKrugerSafariSpendyourdaysworkingwithSouthAfrica’sbeautifulbigcatsandlearnallabouttheconservationeffortsthatarebeingputintoplace.Finishyouradventurewitha3-daySafariintheKrugerNationalParktoobservetheAfricanBigFiveandotherbreathtakingwildlifespeciesupclose!Time:Minimum4weeks—Maximum12weeksVolunteerwork:AnimalwelfareandcommunityeducationAge:18-60SustainableCommunityDevelopmentJoinGoEcoinCambodiatohelpimprovetheeducationalexperienceofchildreninunderdevelopedregions,bothinandoutsidetheclassroom,byteachingEnglishandworkingonconstructionprojects.Time:Minimum4weeks—Maximum8weeksVolunteerwork:Teaching,healtheducationandrestorationworkAge:18-65Eco-FriendlyOrganicCoffeeFarmingAssistingfarmersinCostaRicatogroworganiccoffeewhilebeingmindfuloftheregion’snaturalenvironmentthrougheco-friendlyagriculture.Time:Minimum3weeks—Maximum12weeksVolunteerwork:Eco-agricultureandsustainablecoffeefarmingAge:18-551．Whatisarequirementforthefirstproject?A．Divingexperience. B．House-repairingskills.C．Ateachingcertificate. D．Adegreeincomputerscience.2．WhereisSustainableCommunityDevelopment?A．InCostaRica. B．InMozambique.C．InSouthAfrica. D．InCambodia.3．Whichprojectcanyouapplyforifyoujusthavethreefreeweeks?A．WildlifeSanctuary&KrugerSafari.B．SustainableCommunityDevelopment.C．Eco-FriendlyOrganicCoffeeFarming.D．WhaleSharkandMarineConservation.Completedin1914,the82-kilometer-longPanamaCanalbetweenNorthandSouthAmericaistheshortestroutebetweentheAtlanticandPacific.Itsavesshipsmorethan11,000kilometersfromgoingaroundCapeHornatSouthAmerica’ssoutherntip.Today,abouttwothirdsoftrafficthroughthecanaloriginatesorendsintheUS.AfterAmerica,thebiggestcustomerisChina,followedbyChileandJapan.ButthefactthatacanalexistsinPanamaisitselfamiracle(奇迹).InhisbookThePathBetweentheSeas,historianDavidMcCulloughdetailedthechallengestomakethecanalpossible.AfterseveraleffortstodigacanalinPanamawerestoppedbyyellowfever,malaria,andthedeathsof20,000internationalworkers,theUStookovertheproject.Wantingtostartfreshin1902,mostofthedecision-makersintheUSgovernmentpreferredaroutethroughNicaraguainsteadofPanama.ButaFrenchengineernamedPhilippeBunau-VarillalobbiedthemtostickwithPanama.Thestorymightbeboileddownlikethis:Aweekbeforethevote,Bunau-VarillareceivedaletterfromNicaraguawithastampthatshowedNicaragua’sMomotombovolcanoerupting.HevisitedeverystampshopinWashington,DCandbought90copiesofthestampandsentonetoeachdecision-maker.ThestampsmadeabigdifferenceandthefinalvoteinfavorofPanamaoverNicaraguawas42-32.Formorethanacentury,Nicaraguahasn’tforgottenthecanalitalmosthad.Lastyear,Nicaragua’sgovernmentapprovedaplanfromaChinesecompanytoexploreanewandimprovedcanalwithanoilpipeline,arailwayandanairport.Theproposedbudgetforthe170-milecanalisabout$40billion.InanarrangementsimilartoPanama’s,Nicaraguawillstartwith10%equity(股权),andgainmoreeachyearuntilitistheonlyowneracenturyfromnow.Ifeverythinggoeswell,Nicaragua’sdreamwilleventuallycometrue.4．WhatcanbelearnedaboutthePanamaCanal?A．Itisabout82kilometerslong.B．ItistheshortestpathtoCapeHorn.C．Chinaisitsbiggestcustomeratpresent.D．Theefforttobuildthecanalstartedin1902.5．Whatdoestheword“lobbied”underlinedinparagraph3mean?A．Persuaded. B．Paid.C．Blamed. D．Forced.6．WhywastheUSgovernment’snewplanabandoned?A．TheFrenchgovernmentopposedit.B．ThecostsweretoohighfortheUS.C．Itfailedtoconsiderthethreatofavolcano.D．Itwouldtakemuchlongertimetocarryitout.7．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Nicaragua’sdreams. B．AnewplanforNicaragua.C．ThePanamaCanalcontract. D．Risksofanewarrangement.PhilosopherTonyManelaisamongthephilosopherswhobelievethatthesingleword“gratitude”actuallyreferstotwoideas.Thefirstis“prepositionalgratitude”—gratitudetosomeonefordoingsomething.Forexample,youmightbegratefultoafirefighterforsavingyourlifeortoyourfriendforwatchingyourdogwhileyou’reaway.Thesecondis“propositionalgratitude”—amoreabstractgratitudeforthefactthatthingsarethewaytheyare.OnThanksgiving,whenfamiliessitaroundthetablesothateveryonecansharesomethingforwhichthey’regrateful,thetendencyistowardthesecondkindofgratitude.Mostofthetime,thefirstsortofgratitudeisactuallybetterdescribedasappreciation.Appreciationinvolvesgraspingtheimportanceofsomething,orfullyexperiencingthevalueofit.Afteryourfirsttripabroad,youmightappreciatethevirtuesofyourowncountry.Appreciationusuallyhasanelementofenjoyment.Bytakingaclass,youcanlearntoappreciateopera.Aftergainingweightinmidlife,youmightlearntoappreciateexercise,inthesenseofactuallylikingit,finally.Butshowingappreciationcanbeverydifficult.Supposethat,whenit’syourturntogivethanks,youdescribeaninstanceofprepositionalgratitude:“Thisyear,I’mgratefultomywifeforeverythingshe’sdoneforournewbabydaughter.”Thatseemsstraightforwardenough.But,actually,thiskindofgratitudeisveryodd.Shouldyoubetheonefeelinggratefulforwhatyourwifedoesforyourdaughter?Byexpressingappreciation,youmightseemtobeholdingyourselfoutastheheadofafamilybusiness.Itcouldbemoreaccuratetosimplyappreciatethatyourwifeisagreatparent.There’salsothematterofwhetheritmakessensetofeelgratefultopeoplefordoingwhattheyaregoingtodoanyway.Ifyourwifetellsyouthatsheisgratefulforhowyouhavetreatedyourkids,youmightfinditodd.Doessheexpectyoutotreatthemlesswell?8．“Propositionalgratitude”shouldbegivenwhen________.A．youreceiveagiftfromafriendB．yourparentspayforyoureducationC．yourmathteacherhelpsyousolveaproblemD．farmersthankdragonsforaverygoodharvest9．Whatisusuallyassociatedwith“appreciation”?A．Expensivethings. B．Anelementofpleasure.C．Somethingabstract. D．Personalresponsibilities.10．Howarethelasttwoparagraphsmainlydeveloped?A．Bycomparing. B．Byreasoning.C．Byquotingfamousmen. D．Bylistingexamples.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．APhilosopher’sOpiniononGratitude.B．TheNecessityofBeingGratefultoOthers.C．AComparisonof“Gratitude”and“Appreciation”.D．ProperWaystoShowGratitudetoFamilyMembers.UniversitystudentshavetakentoartificialintelligenceinthesamewaythatananxiousnewdriverwithatraditionalroadmapmighttaketoGPS.AsurveyofUKundergraduatesbytheHigherEducationPolicyInstituteshows92%ofthemareusingAIintheirschoolworkthisyearcomparedwith66%lastyear.Whatshouldwedo?Atfirst,IsuggestedthatteachersshouldfacetherealityandtrytoguidetheirstudentstouseAIwisely.Forexample,IaskedteacherstogivetheirstudentsAI-writtenessaysandtellthestudentstoimprovethem,aswellastoidentifyandcorrecttheirmistakes.Butlikemanypleasinglyneatsolutionstocomplexproblems,mineturnsouttobeaterribleidea.MariaAbreu,aprofessorofeconomicgeographyatCambridgeUniversity,toldmeherdepartmenthadexperimentedalongtheselines.ButwhentheygaveundergraduatesanAItextandaskedthemtoimproveit,theresultsweredisappointing.“Theimprovementswereverycosmeticandtheydidn’tchangethestructureofthearguments,”shesaid.“Masterstudentsdidbetter,perhapsbecausetheyhavealreadyhadtheabilitytothinkcriticallyandstructurearguments.Theworryisthatifwedon’ttrainthemtodotheirownthinking,theyarenotgoingtodevelopthatabilityatall.”MichaelVeale,whoisanexpertontechnologypolicy,evenseesAlasathreattothelearningprocessbecauseitoffersashort-cuttostudentswhoarepressedfortimeandanxioustogetgoodmarks.“Ourroleistowarnthemthattheseshort-cutsmaylimittheirpotential.Wewantthemtousethebesttoolsforthejobintheworkplacewhenthetimecomes,butthattimeisn’talwaysatthebeginning,”hesays.Thetwoteachersagreethatafocusonmaintainingfoundationalskillsincriticalthinking,informationgatheringandproblem-solvingwouldhelpstudentsavoidrelyingtoomuchonAIinthefuture.“Inotherwords,tousetheshort-cuteffectivelyratherthanmindlessly,studentsneedtoknowhowtodoitwithouttheshort-cut,”MichaelVealeexplains.12．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioninganewdriver?A．Thepotentialoftraditionalmaps.B．Students’strongdesiretouseAItools.C．ThepossibilityofpopularizingAItools.D．Problemswithtraditionalteachingmethods.13．Whatdidtheauthorsuggestteachersdo?A．EncouragestudentstoeditAI-writtenessays.B．Simplifythestructureofcomplexarguments.C．Askstudentstowritetheessaysontheirown.D．GuidethestudentstomarktheirworkwithAI.14．HowmightMariaAbreufeelabouttheuseofAItoolsinmiddleschools?A．Satisfied. B．Excited. C．Unconcerned. D．Skeptical.15．Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?A．BanAltoolsfromeducationalinstitutions.B．GuidestudentstouseAIasearlyaspossible.C．Trytourgestudentstolearnthebasicskillsfirst.D．LetstudentsuseAItoolswhentheyarepressedfortime.Havinggoodconversations—whetherwithstrangersorwithyourfriends—isanart.Herearesometipsthatcanhelpyoumastertheart.Firstofall,listen.Listening,whichrequiresenergyandattention,isnotonlyhardbutalsoessential.16Bepresent.Peoplethinkthatbeingpresentmeansnotlookingatyouremailortextingduringtheconversation.Ifyouwanttohaveagoodconversation,youdon’tjustneedtoputyourphonedown,youhavetoputitaway.17.Inonestudy,researchersplacedasilentcellphoneonatablebetweentwostrangers.Itdidn’tbelongtoeitherparticipant.Thestrangersreportedtheirconversationpartnertobeunlikeableanduntrustworthy—simplybecausethephonewasthere.18.It’seasytostoplisteningwhenyou’replanningwhatyou’regoingtosaynext,Thinkoflisteninglikeariver.Youblockitupallthetimewhenyoustoplisteninginordertothinkaboutwhatyou’regoingtosaynext.Assoonasthosethoughtscomeintoyourbrain,youneedtoletthemgooutofyourbrainandthenreturntotheconversation.Askopen-endedquestions.19.Forexample,ratherthanasking,“Areyousittingdown?”youmighttry,“Whatkindofchairdoyouliketositin?”Stayoutofthedetailsandbebrief.20.Ontheotherhand,nobodycaresabouttheexactdatesomethinghappenedorthelastnameofyourcousin.A．GowiththeflowoftheconversationB．TrynottorepeattheunimportantinformationC．Yesornoquestionsdon’tleadtheconversationveryfarD．ThemerepresenceoftechnologymakestheconversationharderE．Ifyoucannotconcentrate,thenyou’renotreallyhavingaconversationF．ListeningmayalsomeanbeingphysicallypresentwhenanotherpersonistalkingG．Ononehand,ifyou’regettingintotoomanydetails,itiseasytolosefocusonthebigpicture二、完形填空AsaboygrowingupinMinneapolisduringthe1970s,RussellKingknewhewasn’tinterestedinthethingsmostother21liked.“I22dollstosports,”King,now57,saidinaninterviewrecently.“ButIgotthe23earlythatbecauseIwasaboy,Iwasn’tsupposedto.”Oncehewasplayingwithdoll(玩具娃娃),hismother24itandtalkedtohisfather.“Boysshouldn’tplaywithdolls!”hisfathersaid25.Butinelementaryschool,King’smusicteacher,PaigeMacklin,sentthe26message:HeencouragedKingtosingtheyoungboypartinthesong“William’sDoll”inaconcert.Itcouldn’thavebeenamore27songforKing.“William’sDoll”28aboyalsowantingtoplaywithadollandeverybodytriedto29him.“Suddenly,Ididn’tfeelso30,”Kingsaid.“Irealizedthatsomebodyelsehadthesamefeelings.Singingthatsongallowedmetobecomfortablewith31myself.”Themusicteachercouldn’thaveguessedatthetimethatthe32wouldleadKingtothestageandbecomeafamousmusician.Lookingbackonhislife,Kingthoughthow33hewastohavesucha34teacher.“Asateacher,youdon’tknowhowyoumighthave35yourstudents,”Macklin,now75,admittedtoKingduringthesameinterview.“Whatapleasantsurprisetohearyoursecret!”21．A．friends B．adults C．boys D．parents22．A．preferred B．compared C．referred D．took23．A．evidence B．message C．news D．story24．A．ignored B．lost C．accepted D．saw25．A．angrily B．frequently C．unwillingly D．playfully26．A．short B．amusing C．opposite D．convincing27．A．boring B．suitable C．challenging D．unpleasant28．A．appealedto B．reliedon C．stoodfor D．dealtwith29．A．stop B．admire C．help D．hug30．A．content B．lonely C．quiet D．cold31．A．fooling B．enjoying C．being D．teaching32．A．class B．travel C．performance D．book33．A．fortunate B．funny C．silly D．wrong34．A．selfish B．permissive C．strict D．cruel35．A．appreciated B．disappointed C．misled D．influenced三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheYandongGrandSingersisachoir(乐队)formedby36(farmer)oftheDongminoritygroupfromatownshipinSouthwesternChina’sGuizhouprovince.37bandhasperformedattheInternationalFestivalforVocalMusicinLeipzig(2015),WorldMusicShanghai(2013),andKokugakuinUniversityofJapan(2011).TheGrandSongoftheDongpeoplewaslistedasanIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanitybyUNESCOin2009.Inbrightvoicesandnaturalharmonies38(shape)bytheuniqueenvironmentofthearea,theDongpeoplesingaboutnatureandlife.Anexampleoftheformeris“TheCicadaSong”,in39thesingerscopythewavingsoundsofcicadas’wings,whilethelatter40(represent)bythesong“LifeIsShort”,and“ItIsaPityIfYouDon’tSing”.FortheDongpeople,the41(important)ofGrandSongcan’tbeoverestimated,justastheirsayinggoes,“Foodsfeedthebody.Songsfeedthesoul.”TheDongpeople,whodon’thaveawrittenlanguageoftheirown,passdownmuchoftheirhistory,culture42knowledgethroughtheiruniquesongs.Thesesongsaccompany43(they)throughouttheirlives.Ineveryvillage,bandsofchildren,youngandseniorpeopleareformed.Membersofthebandsoftensinggrandsongs44(cheerful)atthedrumtower,ameetingplacefoundineveryDongvillage.45(promote)theirmusicculture,theyhavealsotourednationallyandinternationallyinrecentyears.四、书信写作46．为了鼓励同学们分享假期旅游经历，请你在英语角发一则征稿通知，内容包括：1.作品要求；2.投稿方式。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。ArticlesWantedDearfellowstudents,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________EnglishCorner五、书面表达47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Beinghelpfulisavirtue,butsometimesbeingtooenthusiasticcanbackfire.ItisalessonIlearnedthehardwaylastsummer.Thenightbeforethesummerholiday,itwasrainingcatsanddogs.ButIwasn’tbotheredbecauseJustin,Wendy,CrystalandIweretextingeachotheraboutourupcomingtriptoNiagaraFalls.Everybodywassoengagedinbrainstormingideasaboutwhattobringalong.Justincameupwithabrilliantidea.Hesuggestedthatweassignrolestoeachoneofus.SinceIwasknownforbeingcarefulandhelpful,Iwasgiventhe“babysitter”role—lookingaftereveryone.Duringthetrip,Itookmydutyseriously.Ontheway,Icollectedtrashesandguidedthemintoeverysinglereststationlikeahelpfulbabysitter.AsWendyandIwereliningupforthewashroom,Inoticedalittlegirlgotpushedoutoftheline,soIletherstandinfrontofme.Whenweallgotbacktothecar,Wendypraisedmeasakind-heartedbabysitterforanyone,whichmademefeelveryproudofmyself.ThenIsawCrystalholdingsomethingthatlookedlikeasunhat.JustinaskedCrystalwhatitwas,butIdidn’tcatchCrystal’sanswerclearly.Itseemedthatshementionedshewasmakingabirthdaygiftforhermother.Whenwearrivedatourhotel,itwasalreadysixintheevening.Sincenoonewashungry,wedecidedtorestandgetreadyforthenextday’sadventure.However,IwastooexcitedtofallasleepanddecidedtogotoCrystal’sroom.Whenwelistenedtomusictogether,Crystalkeptweaving(编织)thethingshehadbeenworkingoninthecar.Afterawhile,Crystalfellasleep.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。IthoughtIcouldhelpherfinishthesunhat.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Butthenextmorning,Crystalstormedintomyroom.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案【答案】1．A2．D3．C【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个海外志愿项目的相关信息。【详解】1．细节理解题。根据WhaleSharkandMarineConservation部分中“ExperienceddiversarewelcometovolunteerfortheresearchandconservationoftheoceanecosystemanduniqueoceanlifefoundinMozambique!(欢迎有经验的潜水员志愿参与莫桑比克海洋生态系统和独特海洋生物的研究与保护工作！)”可知，第一个项目要求有潜水经验。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据SustainableCommunityDevelopment部分中“JoinGoEcoinCambodiatohelpimprovetheeducationalexperienceofchildreninunderdevelopedregions,bothinandoutsidetheclassroom,byteachingEnglishandworkingonconstructionprojects.(加入GoEco在柬埔寨的项目，通过教授英语和参与建设项目，帮助改善欠发达地区儿童在课堂内外的教育体验)”可知，可持续社区发展项目在柬埔寨。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据EcoFriendlyOrganicCoffeeFarming部分中“Time:Minimum3weeks—Maximum12weeks(时间：最少3周——最多12周)”可知，如果你只有三周的空闲时间，可以申请生态友好型有机咖啡种植项目。故选C项。【答案】4．A5．A6．C7．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍巴拿马运河的基本情况、修建历程中的关键事件，以及尼加拉瓜计划修建新运河的动态。【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Completedin1914,the82-kilometer-longPanamaCanalbetweenNorthandSouthAmericaistheshortestroutebetweentheAtlanticandPacific.(1914年建成的巴拿马运河全长82公里，位于南北美洲之间，是大西洋和太平洋之间的最短航线。)”可知，巴拿马运河长度为82公里。故选A项。5．词义猜测题。根据第三段“Wantingtostartfreshin1902,mostofthedecision-makersintheUSgovernmentpreferredaroutethroughNicaraguainsteadofPanama.ButaFrenchengineernamedPhilippeBunau-VarillalobbiedthemtostickwithPanama.(1902年，大多数美国政府决策者希望重新选择尼加拉瓜路线而非巴拿马。但法国工程师菲利普·比诺-瓦里拉……他们坚持选择巴拿马。)”及第四段通过邮票影响投票的细节可知，菲利普·比诺-瓦里拉是想说服美国不要改变运河的选址，所以划线单词的意思与“说服”意义相近。故选A项。6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Thestorymightbeboileddownlikethis:Aweekbeforethevote,Bunau-VarillareceivedaletterfromNicaraguawithastampthatshowedNicaragua’sMomotombovolcanoerupting.HevisitedeverystampshopinWashington,DCandbought90copiesofthestampandsentonetoeachdecision-maker.ThestampsmadeabigdifferenceandthefinalvoteinfavorofPanamaoverNicaraguawas42-32.(这个故事可以简要概括如下：在投票前一周，布诺-瓦里拉（Bunau-Varilla）收到一封来自尼加拉瓜的信，信封上贴着一张邮票，上面印着尼加拉瓜的莫莫通博（Momotombo）火山喷发的画面。他走访了华盛顿特区的每一家邮票商店，买下了90张这种邮票，并将其中每一张都寄给了决策者。这些邮票产生了重要影响，最终投票结果以42票对32票支持了巴拿马而非尼加拉瓜。)”可知，美国政府因尼加拉瓜火山风险放弃其路线。故选C项。7．主旨大意题。根据尾段中的“Lastyear,Nicaragua’sgovernmentapprovedaplanfromaChinesecompanytoexploreanewandimprovedcanalwithanoilpipeline,arailwayandanairport.Theproposedbudgetforthe170-milecanalisabout$40billion.InanarrangementsimilartoPanama’s,Nicaraguawillstartwith10%equity(股权),andgainmoreeachyearuntilitistheonlyowneracenturyfromnow.(去年，尼加拉瓜政府批准了一项由中国公司提出的计划，建设一条新的、更完善的运河，包括一条石油管道、一条铁路和一座机场。这条全长170英里的运河预计耗资约400亿美元。根据一项类似于巴拿马的安排，尼加拉瓜将首先拥有10%的股权，并逐年获得更多的股份，直到一个世纪后成为唯一的拥有者。)”可知，尾段主要介绍了运河规模、预算及股权分配等，其核心是尼加拉瓜的新运河计划。故选B项。【答案】8．D9．B10．D11．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“感激”（gratitude）的两种类型，分析了gratitude与appreciation之间的区别和用法。【详解】8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thesecondis“propositionalgratitude”—amoreabstractgratitudeforthefactthatthingsarethewaytheyare.(第二种是“命题型感恩”——对事物本身的状态所持有的更抽象的感恩之情。)”可知，命题型感恩是对事物状态的一种抽象感恩，它不针对具体的人或行为，而是对事物本身的一种感激。在选项D中，农民对龙带来的丰收表示感恩，这是一种对事物本身的状态的感恩，符合“命题感恩”的定义。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Appreciationusuallyhasanelementofenjoyment.(欣赏通常包含一种享受的元素。)”可知，“appreciation”通常与“一种愉悦的元素”有关。故选B。10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Supposethat,whenit’syourturntogivethanks,youdescribeaninstanceofprepositionalgratitude:“Thisyear,I’mgratefultomywifeforeverythingshe’sdoneforournewbabydaughter.”Thatseemsstraightforwardenough.But,actually,thiskindofgratitudeisveryodd.(假设轮到你表达感谢时，你描述了一个介词感恩的例子：‘今年，我很感激我的妻子为我们新生的女儿所做的一切。’这看起来很直接。但实际上，这种感恩是非常奇怪的。)”和第四段“Ifyourwifetellsyouthatsheisgratefulforhowyouhavetreatedyourkids,youmightfinditodd.Doessheexpectyoutotreatthemlesswell.(如果你的妻子告诉你，她很感激你对待孩子的方式，你可能会觉得很奇怪。她是不是希望你以后对他们差一点。)”。由此可知，最后两段主要是通过举例来展开的。故选D。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“PhilosopherTonyManelaisamongthephilosopherswhobelievethatthesingleword“gratitude”actuallyreferstotwoideas.(哲学家TonyManela是那些认为‘gratitude’实际上包含两种含义的哲学家之一。)”和下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了gratitude和appreciation之间的区别和用法。由此可知，选项C“‘gratitude’和‘appreciation’的比较”是合适的标题。故选C。【答案】12．B13．A14．D15．C【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者讨论了学生利用AI学习的现象，认为在学生利用AI工具做作业前需要练好基本功。【详解】12．推理判断题。根据第一段“UniversitystudentshavetakentoartificialintelligenceinthesamewaythatananxiousnewdriverwithatraditionalroadmapmighttaketoGPS.AsurveyofUKundergraduatesbytheHigherEducationPolicyInstituteshows92%ofthemareusingAIintheirschoolworkthisyearcomparedwith66%lastyear.(大学生对人工智能的接受程度，就像一个拿着传统地图的焦虑的新手司机对GPS的接受程度一样。英国高等教育政策研究所对英国本科生的一项调查显示，今年92%的本科生在学业中使用人工智能，而去年这一比例为66%。)”可知，作者将大学生对人工智能的接受程度与新手司机对GPS的依赖程度进行了类比，从而强调了学生对使用人工智能工具的强烈愿望。故选B。13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Atfirst,IsuggestedthatteachersshouldfacetherealityandtrytoguidetheirstudentstouseAIwisely.Forexample,IaskedteacherstogivetheirstudentsAI-writtenessaysandtellthestudentstoimprovethem,aswellastoidentifyandcorrecttheirmistakes.(起初，我建议教师应该面对现实，并努力引导学生明智地使用人工智能。例如，我要求教师给学生提供人工智能写的文章，并告诉学生改进它们，以及识别和纠正它们的错误。)”可知，作者建议教师让学生编辑人工智能写的文章。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据第三段“MariaAbreu,aprofessorofeconomicgeographyatCambridgeUniversity,toldmeherdepartmenthadexperimentedalongtheselines.ButwhentheygaveundergraduatesanAItextandaskedthemtoimproveit,theresultsweredisappointing.(剑桥大学经济地理学教授MariaAbreu告诉我，她的部门已经在这方面进行了实验。但是，当他们给本科生一篇人工智能写的文章，并要求他们改进时，结果令人失望。)”可以推知，MariaAbreu对人工智能工具在中学（低年级）的使用持怀疑态度。故选D。15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thetwoteachersagreethatafocusonmaintainingfoundationalskillsincriticalthinking,informationgatheringandproblem-solvingwouldhelpstudentsavoidrelyingtoomuchonAIinthefuture.(这两位老师都认为，注重保持批判性思维、信息收集和解决问题等基础技能，将有助于学生在未来避免过度依赖人工智能。)”可知，作者想传达的信息是督促学生先学习基本技能。故选C。【答案】16．E17．D18．A19．C20．G【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何通过与陌生人或朋友进行良好对话的技巧和艺术。【详解】16．由上文“Listening,whichrequiresenergyandattention,isnotonlyhardbutalsoessential.(倾听需要精力和注意力，这不仅困难，而且至关重要。)”可知，本空应进一步阐述倾听的重要性或倾听与对话的关系。E选项“Ifyoucannotconcentrate,thenyou’renotreallyhavingaconversation(如果你不能集中注意力，那么你就没有真正在对话。)”强调了集中注意力（即倾听）对于对话的重要性，与上文紧密相关，符合题意。故选E。17．由上文“Ifyouwanttohaveagoodconversation,youdon’tjustneedtoputyourphonedown,youhavetoputitaway.(如果你想进行一次愉快的对话，你不仅需要放下手机，还需要把手机收起来。)”及下文“Inonestudy,researchersplacedasilentcellphoneonatablebetweentwostrangers.Itdidn’tbelongtoeitherparticipant.Thestrangersreportedtheirconversationpartnertobeunlikeableanduntrustworthy—simplybecausethephonewasthere.(在一项研究中，研究人员在两个陌生人之间的桌子上放了一部静音手机。它不属于任何一位参与者。陌生人报告说，他们的对话伙伴不受欢迎且不值得信任——仅仅因为手机在那里。)”可知，本空应说明手机等科技产品的存在对对话的影响。D选项“Themerepresenceoftechnologymakestheconversationharder(科技产品的存在本身就使对话变得更加困难)”直接点明了科技产品对对话的负面影响，与上下文紧密相关，符合题意。故选D。18．由下文“It’seasytostoplisteningwhenyou’replanningwhatyou’regoingtosaynext,Thinkoflisteninglikeariver.Youblockitupallthetimewhenyoustoplisteninginordertothinkaboutwhatyou’regoingtosaynext.(当你在计划接下来要说什么时，很容易停止倾听。把倾听想象成一条河。当你为了思考接下来要说什么而停止倾听时，你总是在阻塞它。)”可知，本空应提出一个与对话流畅性相关的建议。A选项“Gowiththeflowoftheconversation(顺应对话的流程)”与下文内容紧密相关，强调了顺应对话流程的重要性，符合题意。故选A。19．由上文“Askopen-endedquestions.(问开放性问题。)”可知，本空应解释为什么开放性问题重要或给出开放性问题的例子。C选项“Yesornoquestionsdon’tleadtheconversationveryfar(是或否的问题不会让对话走得太远)”通过对比是或否的问题和开放性问题，强调了开放性问题在引导对话方面的优势，与上文紧密相关，符合题意。故选C。20．由上文“Stayoutofthedetailsandbebrief.(避免细节，保持简洁。)”及下文“Ontheotherhand,nobodycaresabouttheexactdatesomethinghappenedorthelastnameofyourcousin.(另一方面，没有人关心某件事发生的具体日期或你表亲的姓氏。)”可知，本空应说明过于关注细节的问题。G选项“Ononehand,ifyou’regettingintotoomanydetails,itiseasytolosefocusonthebigpicture(一方面，如果你过于关注细节，很容易忽略大局)”直接点明了过于关注细节的问题，与上下文紧密相关，符合题意。故选G。【答案】21．C22．A23．B24．D25．A26．C27．B28．D29．A30．B31．C32．C33．A34．B35．D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了20世纪70年代，在明尼阿波利斯长大的RussellKing喜欢娃娃而非运动，遭父母反对。小学音乐老师PaigeMacklin鼓励他演唱《威廉的娃娃》，这首歌让他不再孤独，能做自己。后来King成著名音乐家，认为有这样宽容的老师很幸运，老师也感慨不知自己对学生影响深远。【详解】21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：20世纪70年代，作为一个在明尼阿波利斯长大的男孩，拉塞尔・金知道他对大多数其他男孩喜欢的东西不感兴趣。A.friends朋友；B.adults成年人；C.boys男孩；D.parents父母。根据上文“Asaboygrowin