山西省孝义市2024-2025学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山西省孝义市2024-2025学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIt’spossibletoenjoysplendidviewswhentravelingbyair,especiallyduringtakeoffandlanding.Butthere’softennotmuchtoseewhenyou’reat39,000feet.That’sonereasonwhytraintravelhaslongbeenoneofthemostpopularwaystoseetheworld.ThefollowingarefourofthemostscenictrainridesonEarth.SriLankaRailwaysinSriLanka“TheridebetweenKandyandEllatakesyoupastcolorfulvillages,rollinghills,teaplantationsandmore,”saidtravelwriterLoriZaino.“It’sawholeculturalexperience—localsinmycarweresingingandclappingtheentiretime.”theseven-hourrideisagreatwaytoexploretheSriLankancountryside.Justbesuretochooseasecond-classseatsoyoucanlookoutthewindowandenjoytheview.PilatusLuzerninSwitzerlandBookanytraininSwitzerland,andyou’llprobablyenjoyuninterruptedviewsoftheAlps,beautifulalpinevillagesandglass-likelakes.Butforsomethingabitmoreadventurous,headtoAlpnachstadtoridethePilatusLuzern,whichisthesteepestcograilwayintheworld—climbingtoananglejustshyof45degrees,thoughthejourneyonlylastsabout30minutes.JacobiteSteamTraininScotland“AboardtheJacobiteSteamTrain,whichplayedtheroleoftheHogwartsExpressinthe“HarryPotter”movies,passengersfeellikethey’reontheirwaytoHogwarts,”CanadiantravelwriterJohannaReadsaid.“StartingatthebaseofScotland’shighestmountain,BenNevis,thetrainpassesbyScotland’smoors(旷野)andlakesandthenslowsforphotosasitcrossesthe21archesofthecurved(弯曲的)GlenfinnanViaductalsofeaturedinthemovies.”DenaliStarinAlaskaDiscovertheAlaskanwildernessbyrailwitharideontheDenaliStar.Onlyavailableinthesummerseason,theDenaliStarisa12-hour,356-milejourneythatpassestheKnikRiver,theHealyCanyonandhundredsoffeetoverHurricaneGulch.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutthetrainsinSwitzerland?A.Theyfeatureanairofjoy.B.Noneofthemisattractivetoadventurouspassengers.C.AnyofthemislikelytoofferuninterruptedviewsoftheAlps.D.Comparedwiththeotherthree,theyhavetheshortesttraveltime.2.WhatisspecialabouttheJacobiteSteamTrain?A.Itpassesbylakes. B.Ithasappearedinfilms.C.Itoffersavarietyoflandscapes. D.Itssecond-classseatsarepopular.3.Whatdothesetrainrideshaveincommon?A.Theycoverlongdistances. B.Theypassthroughmountains.C.Theyofferimpressivescenery. D.Theyarebeneficialforculturalcommunication.【答案】1.C2.B3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍地球上四条最具观赏性的火车旅行路线，包括斯里兰卡、瑞士、苏格兰及阿拉斯加的特色火车及沿途风景。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据PilatusLuzerninSwitzerland部分中“BookanytraininSwitzerland,andyou’llprobablyenjoyuninterruptedviewsoftheAlps,beautifulalpinevillagesandglass-likelakes.(在瑞士预订任何一列火车，你可能会欣赏到阿尔卑斯山、美丽的高山村庄和如玻璃般的湖泊的不间断景色)”可知，在瑞士，任何一列火车都可能提供阿尔卑斯山不间断的景色。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据JacobiteSteamTraininScotland部分中“AboardtheJacobiteSteamTrain,whichplayedtheroleoftheHogwartsExpressinthe‘HarryPotter’movies,passengersfeellikethey’reontheirwaytoHogwarts(乘坐曾在《哈利・波特》系列电影中扮演霍格沃茨特快列车角色的雅各布蒸汽火车，乘客们感觉自己仿佛正前往霍格沃茨)”可知，雅各布蒸汽火车的特别之处在于它在电影中出现过。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“That’sonereasonwhytraintravelhaslongbeenoneofthemostpopularwaystoseetheworld.ThefollowingarefourofthemostscenictrainridesonEarth.(这就是为什么火车旅行长期以来一直是看世界最受欢迎的方式之一的原因。以下是地球上四条最风景优美的火车之旅)”以及对四列火车的描述SriLankaRailwaysinSriLanka中“TheridebetweenKandyandEllatakesyoupastcolorfulvillages,rollinghills,teaplantationsandmore(康提和埃拉之间的旅程会带你经过色彩斑斓的村庄、起伏的山丘、茶园等等)”；PilatusLuzerninSwitzerland中“BookanytraininSwitzerland,andyou’llprobablyenjoyuninterruptedviewsoftheAlps,beautifulalpinevillagesandglass-likelakes.(在瑞士预订任何一列火车，您都可能会欣赏到阿尔卑斯山、美丽的高山村庄和玻璃般的湖泊的美景)”；JacobiteSteamTraininScotland中“thetrainpassesbyScotland’smoors(旷野)andlakesandthenslowsforphotosasitcrossesthe21archesofthecurved(弯曲的)GlenfinnanViaductalsofeaturedinthemovies.(火车经过苏格兰的旷野和湖泊，然后在穿过电影中也出现过的弯曲的格伦芬南高架桥的21个拱门时减速以便拍照)”；DenaliStarinAlaska中“theDenaliStarisa12-hour,356-milejourneythatpassestheKnikRiver,theHealyCanyonandhundredsoffeetoverHurricaneGulch.(迪纳利之星是一段12小时、356英里的旅程，经过尼克河、希利峡谷，并在飓风峡谷上方数百英尺处行驶)”可知，这些火车之旅的共同之处是它们都提供令人印象深刻的风景。故选C。BTheenvironmentwherechildrenareraisedprimarilyinfluencesthekindofindividualstheygrowuptobe.That’swhykidsneedtobebroughtupinasupportiveandlovinghome.Unfortunately,noteverykidisluckyenoughtohavethisexperience.This15-year-oldboyfromNashville,Tennessee,namedAndrewcanrelatetothissituationalltoowell.Thechildhasbeeninstatecustody(监护)sincehewas6yearsold.Fiveyearsago,DominiqueGillandherhusband,KevinGill,openedtheirhometoAndrewanddecidedtobecomehisfosterparents(养父母).Theboywas10atthetime,andunderstandably,ittookhimawhiletoadjusttohisnewenvironment.“Duringhisfirstweekwithus,hesatinhisroomwiththedoorclosedandlookedatoldpictures.Hedidn’twanttotalk,”DominiquetoldTODAYParents.Hewouldalso“screamandbehavebadly”totrytopushthemaway.ButDominiqueandKevinrefusedtogiveuponhim.Eventually,Andrewlearnedtocontrolhisemotionsandhasalsodevelopedatightbondwiththeirson,Joc.WhentheGillfamilyaskedAndrewifhewantedtobeapermanentpartoftheirfamily,hesaidyes,andhewasofficiallyadoptedinMarch2025.Initially,theGillshadnoplanofadoptingwhentheybeganfostering.Alltheywantedtodowashelpasmanyneglectedchildrenastheycould.However,whenAndrew’ssecondadoptionfailed,theytookitasasignthathewasmeanttobewiththeirfamilyforever.NowthatAndrewisofficiallyaGill,thingshavebeengoingreallywellforthefamily.However,Dominiquecan’thelpbutnoticethestarestheygetwheneverthey’reoutinpublic,becauseAndrew’swhiteandthey’reblack.RacehasneverbeenanissuewithAndreworhisadoptivefamily.Hecheckedthe“nopreference”boxwhenhewasaskedabouthisracepreferenceforhisfosterparents.“Lovedoesn’thaveacolor.AndrewisoursonjustlikeJocisourson,”Dominiquesaid.“He’sapartofus.”Indeed,truelovedoesn’tdiscriminate;itonlyaccepts!4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“neglectedchildren”inparagraph4referto?A.Childrenunwillingtotalk.B.Childrenhardtocontroltheiremotions.C.Childrennotreceivingenoughcareorattention.D.Childrenhardtoadjusttonewenvironments.5.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeDominiqueandKevin?A.Patientandcaring. B.Braveandsupportive.C.Generousandmodest. D.Respectedandconsiderate.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Andrewhaslivedinthreefosterfamiliesintotal.B.Shortlyafterbeingadopted,Andrewbehavedbadly.C.BecauseofAndrew’sskincolor,theGillswereunwillingtoadopthim.D.Whilechoosingfosterparents,Andrewdidn’ttakeraceintoconsideration.7.What’sthemessageofthisstory?A.Racemeansnothing. B.Everyoneisbornequal.C.Lovecanmelteverything. D.Environmentwhereonegrowsmatters.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了田纳西州15岁男孩安德鲁曾被国家监护，多米尼克夫妇收养他，用爱让他融入家庭，体现真爱无种族和偏见。【4题详析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Theenvironmentwherechildrenareraisedprimarilyinfluencesthekindofindividualstheygrowuptobe.That’swhykidsneedtobebroughtupinasupportiveandlovinghome.Unfortunately,noteverykidisluckyenoughtohavethisexperience.(孩子们成长的环境主要影响他们成长为什么样的人。这就是为什么孩子们需要在一个充满支持和爱的家庭中长大。不幸的是，并不是每个孩子都有这样的经历)”，第二段“Thechildhasbeeninstatecustody(监护)sincehewas6yearsold.(这个孩子从6岁起就由国家监护)”，以及第三段“However,whenAndrew’ssecondadoptionfailed,theytookitasasignthathewasmeanttobewiththeirfamilyforever.(然而，当安德鲁的第二次领养未能成功时，他们把这看作是一个征兆，表明安德鲁注定要永远和他们一家在一起)”可知，不是每个孩子都能在充满爱和支持的家庭中长大，以及多米尼克夫妇打算收养安德鲁可知，多米尼克夫妇想帮助那些没有得到足够关爱和照顾的孩子。由此可推知，划线部分neglectedchildren指的是那些没有得到足够关爱和照顾的孩子，即“没有得到足够关心或关注的孩子”。故选C项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Hewouldalso“screamandbehavebadly”totrytopushthemaway.ButDominiqueandKevinrefusedtogiveuponhim.Eventually,Andrewlearnedtocontrolhisemotionsandhasalsodevelopedatightbondwiththeirson,Joc.(他还会“尖叫和表现不好”试图推开他们。但多米尼克和凯文没有放弃他。最终，安德鲁学会了控制自己的情绪，并且和他们的儿子乔克也建立了紧密的联系)”可知，面对安德鲁不好的行为，他们没有放弃，很有耐心，而且想要帮助像安德鲁这样的孩子，说明他们很有爱心，所以用Patientandcaring来描述多米尼克和凯文最合适。故选A项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Hecheckedthe“nopreference”boxwhenhewasaskedabouthisracepreferenceforhisfosterparents.(当被问及对养父母的种族偏好时，他勾选了“无偏好”选项)”可知，在选择养父母时，安德鲁没有考虑种族因素。故选D项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Indeed,truelovedoesn’tdiscriminate;itonlyaccepts!(的确，真爱不歧视；它只接纳！)”以及文章中多米尼克和凯文收养安德鲁，尽管安德鲁一开始表现不好，他们也没有放弃，最终安德鲁融入了家庭，可知本文传递的信息是爱可以融化一切。故选C项。CSwimmingisagreatexerciseforstayinghealthy.Butitcanalsobealifesavingskillandhelptokeepyoufromdrowning.However,insomebodiesofwater,swimmingmightbedifficult.Ontoday’sshow,wetalkaboutseveralEnglishexpressionsthatuse“swim”todescribedifferentwaystofaceasituation—especiallydanger,difficulty,oranyhardship.Let’sstartwithswimminginrivers.Let’ssayyoujumpinariverandswimdownstream.Thatmeansyouareswimmingwiththecurrentofthewater.Thismakesswimmingeasierandfaster.So,theexpressiontoswimdownstreammeansusingtheeasywaytogetsomethingdone.However,whenyouswimupstream,youhavetofighttheflowofthewater.Insomeriversorotherbodiesofwater,swimmingupstreamisnearlyimpossible.Asanexpression,swimmingupstreammeansyoutakeamoredifficultpathtodosomething.Youmakeitharderforyourself.Here’sanexample:Dealingwithmoneyisnotmystrongsuit.Infact,lastyearIwasdrowningindebt.Everymonthwhenbillsarrived,IfeltlikeIwasswimmingupstream.SoIwenttoafinancialadvisor.Now,ifyouareswimmingintheocean,sea,orotherlargebodiesofwater,youmaybefightingthetide.Swimmingagainstthetideisanotherexpression.Itmeansyouarefightingagainstverypowerfulforces.Andchancesareyouwillnotcomeoutthewinner.Swimmingwiththetideorcurrent,ismucheasier.Again,thismeansyouhavetakenaneasierpath.Alloftheseexpressionscanbeusedanotherway.Theycanalsomeanthatyouaregoingwithoragainstpopularopinionsorviewpoints.Ifyouareswimmingwiththetideorcurrentorswimmingdownstream,youactthesamewayasthemajorityofothers.Youaregoingwiththeflow.Thatisanothercommonexpression—togowiththeflow.Peoplewhogowiththeflowareeasy-going.Theytakethepopularpathwithoutprotest.8.Whatistheauthor?A.Host. B.Writer. C.Teacher. D.Linguist.9.Whydoestheauthorgiveanexampleinparagraph3?A.Toteachreadershowtodealwithbills.B.Todescribethefeelingof“swimupstream”.C.Toexplainthemeaningof“swimupstream”.D.Toshowthedifficultyofhandlingfinancialissues.10.WhichcanNOTdescribeamanwhoalwaysagreeswiththemajority?A.Swimupstream. B.Gowiththeflow.C.Swimdownstream. D.Swimwiththecurrent.11.Whatwillbediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?A.Importanceoftheword“swim”.B.Examplesoftheuseof“swim”indifferentoccasions.C.Errorspeoplemakewhileusingexpressionsabout“swim”.D.Explanationof“swimmingupstream/againstthetide(current)”.【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍“swim”相关英语表达，如顺流、逆流等游泳相关表达及其在面对情况和表达观点方面的含义。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ontoday’sshow,wetalkaboutseveralEnglishexpressionsthatuse‘swim’todescribedifferentwaystofaceasituation—especiallydanger,difficulty,oranyhardship.(在今天的节目中，我们将谈论几个用‘swim’来描述面对情况——尤其是危险、困难或任何艰难困苦的不同方式的英语表达)”可知，“show”表明这是一个节目，所以作者很可能是主持人。故选A。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Asanexpression,swimmingupstreammeansyoutakeamoredifficultpathtodosomething.Youmakeitharderforyourself.Here’sanexample:Dealingwithmoneyisnotmystrongsuit.Infact,lastyearIwasdrowningindebt.Everymonthwhenbillsarrived,IfeltlikeIwasswimmingupstream.SoIwenttoafinancialadvisor.(作为一个表达，‘swimmingupstream’意味着你采取更困难的方式去做某事。你让自己更艰难。这里有一个例子：处理金钱不是我的强项。事实上，去年我债台高筑。每个月当账单到来时，我感觉就像在逆流而上。所以我去咨询了一位理财顾问)”可知，作者给出这个例子是为了解释“swimupstream”这个表达的意思，即采取更困难的方式做事。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“theexpressiontoswimdownstreammeansusingtheeasywaytogetsomethingdone.(‘swimdownstream’这个表达意味着用简单的方法完成某事)”，第四段“Swimmingwiththetideorcurrent,ismucheasier.Again,thismeansyouhavetakenaneasierpath.(顺流或顺潮游泳要容易得多。这再次意味着你选择了一条更简单的路径)”，第五段“Ifyouareswimmingwiththetideorcurrentorswimmingdownstream,youactthesamewayasthemajorityofothers.Youaregoingwiththeflow.Thatisanothercommonexpression—togowiththeflow.(如果你顺流或顺潮游泳，或者是顺流而下游泳，你的行为方式和大多数人一样。你是随波逐流。这是另一个常见的表达——随波逐流)”可知，gowiththeflow、swimdownstream和swimwiththecurrent都可以表示和大多数人行为一样，随波逐流；而swimupstream意味着采取更困难的方式做事，和大多数人不一样，不能描述总是同意大多数人的人。故选A。【11题详析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了几个用“swim”组成的表达，以及它们的含义，并且在介绍含义的时候举了一些例子。根据文章的逻辑，接下来很可能会继续给出“swim”在不同场合使用的例子，来进一步说明这些表达的用法。故选B。DA“superhero”mosscansignificantlyreducetheriskandseverityoffloodingforcommunitieslivingindownstreamareas,researchershavefound.ScientistsfromtheconservationgroupMoorsfortheFuturePartnershipwhoconductedasix-yearstudyintosphagnummoss(泥炭藓)foundthatthesphagnummossplantedinuplandareasreducedpeakstreamflow—themaximumamountofwaterthatentersariverafterastorm—by65%.Themosswasalsofoundtoincreaselagtime—thetimetakenbetweenrainfallandtherainwaterenteringtheriversystem—by680%.Morethan50,000individualsphagnumplantswereplantedonKinderScout,thehighestpointinthePeakDistrictNationalPark,aspartofan“outdoorlaboratory”forresearcherstoobserve.BeforethemosswasplantedonKinder,thehillsurfaceconsistedofbarepeat,whichmeantthatafterastormrainwaterwouldwashstraightoff,leavingcommunitiesindownstreamvalleysmorevulnerable(易受攻击的)toflooding.Theplantingofsphagnummosscouldthereforebringimportantecologicalbenefits.Theplantiscapableofabsorbingupto20timesitsownweightinwater,whichmeansthatmorerainwatercanbeheldupstreamandenterarivercatchment(流域)moregraduallytopreventitfrombeingflooded.Sphagnummosscanalsohelpprotectthelayers(层)ofpeatunderneathit,andcanbuildupovertimetocreatenewlayersofpeatwhichareessentialtocarbonstorage.Researcherssaythebenefitsofplantingsphagnummosswillbeintensifiedovertimeastheplantgrows,andthatmossplantinghasthepotentialtobringglobalbenefitsintermsoftheclimate,waterqualityandfloodseverity.TomSpencer,aresearchandmonitoringofficerfortheMoorsfortheFuturePartnership,saidtheresultswere“shocking”andapplaudedthedramaticeffectsthemosshashadontherivercatchment.Hesaidsphagnumplantingcouldbe“apowerfultoolinminimizingtheriskandseverityofflooding”,whichwouldhave“far-reachingbenefitsforrcommunitiesdownstream”.12.Howwastheresearchconducted?A.Byreferringtotheexistingdatabase.B.Byobservingthechangesintheupland.C.Bydoingexperimentsinreal-lifesituations.D.Bycomparingthelatestresearchwithpreviousones.13.WhichmayNOTbethebenefitbroughtbySphagnumMoss?A.Improvingthewaterquality.B.Indirectlyhelpingwithcarbonstorage.C.Stoppingrainwaterfromenteringtheriversystem.D.Reducingtheriskoffloodingfordownstreamareas.14.What’sTomSpencer’sattitudetowardsSphagnummoss?A.Critical. B.Unclear. C.Indifferent. D.Supportive.15.Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.“Superhero”moss’far-reachingbenefitsB.Sphagnummoss’newly-foundadvantagesC.“Superhero”mosscansavecommunitiesfromfloodingD.Sphagnummosstogetherwithpeatisperfectforfloodprevention【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究发现泥炭藓可显著降低下游地区洪水风险，其在防洪及生态方面具有重要作用。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Morethan50,000individualsphagnumplantswereplantedonKinderScout,thehighestpointinthePeakDistrictNationalPark,aspartofan‘outdoorlaboratory’forresearcherstoobserve.(超过5万株单独的泥炭藓植物被种植在峰区国家公园的最高点金德斯科特，作为供研究人员观察的‘户外实验室’的一部分)”可知，研究是通过在现实环境中种植泥炭藓并进行观察来开展的，也就是在现实生活情境中做实验。故选C。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Theplantingofsphagnummosscouldthereforebringimportantecologicalbenefits.Theplantiscapableofabsorbingupto20timesitsownweightinwater,whichmeansthatmorerainwatercanbeheldupstreamandenterarivercatchment(流域)moregraduallytopreventitfrombeingflooded.Sphagnummosscanalsohelpprotectthelayers(层)ofpeatunderneathit,andcanbuildupovertimetocreatenewlayersofpeatwhichareessentialtocarbonstorage.(因此，泥炭藓的种植可以带来重要的生态效益。这种植物能够吸收高达自身重量20倍的水分，这意味着更多的雨水可以被保留在上游，并更缓慢地进入河流流域，以防止洪水泛滥。泥炭藓还可以帮助保护其下面的泥炭层，并且随着时间的推移可以形成新的泥炭层，这对碳储存至关重要)”以及第六段“Researcherssaythebenefitsofplantingsphagnummosswillbeintensifiedovertimeastheplantgrows,andthatmossplantinghasthepotentialtobringglobalbenefitsintermsoftheclimate,waterqualityandfloodseverity.(研究人员表示，随着时间的推移，随着泥炭藓这种植物的生长，种植它所带来的益处将会增强，并且种植泥炭藓在气候、水质和洪水严重程度方面具有为全球带来益处的潜力)”可知，泥炭藓可以减少下游地区洪水风险（D选项）、间接帮助碳储存（B选项）、改善水质（A选项）。而C选项“阻止雨水进入河流系统”错误，文中说的是让雨水更缓慢地进入河流流域，而不是阻止进入。故选C。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“TomSpencer,aresearchandmonitoringofficerfortheMoorsfortheFuturePartnership,saidtheresultswere‘shocking’andapplaudedthedramaticeffectsthemosshashadontherivercatchment.Hesaidsphagnumplantingcouldbe‘apowerfultoolinminimizingtheriskandseverityofflooding’,whichwouldhave‘far-reachingbenefitsforcommunitiesdownstream’.(‘未来荒野’合作伙伴关系的研究和监测官员汤姆・斯宾塞表示，这些结果‘令人震惊’，并称赞了这种苔藓对河流流域产生的显著影响。他说，种植泥炭藓可能是‘将洪水风险和严重程度降至最低的有力工具’，这将‘对下游社区产生深远的益处’)”可知，从他对结果的称赞以及对苔藓作用的肯定可以看出，他对泥炭藓持支持的态度。故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇指出“A‘superhero’mosscansignificantlyreducetheriskandseverityoffloodingforcommunitieslivingindownstreamareas,researchershavefound.(研究人员发现，一种‘超级英雄’苔藓可以显著降低下游地区居民社区遭受洪水的风险和严重程度)”，接着具体介绍了对泥炭藓的研究以及它在防洪等方面的作用。所以C选项“Superhero”mosscansavecommunitiesfromflooding(“超级英雄”苔藓可以使社区免受洪水侵袭)准确地概括了文章主旨，突出了苔藓在防洪方面的关键作用。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manyconsumersareunawareoftheenvironmentalimpactoftheirshoppinghabits.Intoday’sconsumersociety,wetendtodiscarditemswithouthesitationwhentheybecomeoldorslightlydamaged.____16____.Theriseof“fastfashion”isaperfectexampleofthisthrow-awayculture.Clothingbrandsproducecheapgarmentsatanastonishingrate,encouragingconsumerstobuymoreanddiscardfrequently.____17____.Sadly,mostofthesediscardedclothesendupinlandfills,wheretheymaytakehundredsofyearstodecompose.Electronicwastepresentsanothermajorchallenge.Astechnologyadvancesatbreakneckspeed,peoplereplacetheirdevicesmorefrequentlythaneverbefore.____18____.Manycontaintoxicmaterialsthatcanpollutesoilandwaterifnotproperlydisposedof.____19____.Supermarketsdiscardimperfectproduce,whilehouseholdsthrowawayediblefooddaily.Researchshowsthataboutone-thirdofallfoodproducedgloballygoestowaste.Thisisparticularlytroublingwhenconsideringthatmillionsworldwidesufferfromhunger.However,solutionsareavailableifwearereadytochangeourconsumptionpatterns.____20____.Forexample,repairingitemsinsteadofreplacingthemcanextendtheirusability.Optingforqualityoverquantityensureswepossessdurableproductsthatstandthetestoftime.Additionally,properrecyclingiscrucialinreducingwaste.Everyminoractioncontributessignificantlytoconstructingamoresustainablefuture.A.Foodwasteisequallyconcerning.B.Theimpactoffoodshouldn’tbeignored.C.Makingconsciouschoicesisastepofgreatvalue.D.Thegovernmentshouldadoptstricterregulationsonthemanagement.E.Thisresultsinmountainsofoutdatedsmartphones,laptopsandothergadgets.F.Theaveragepersonnowbuys60%moreclothingitemscomparedto20yearsago.G.Thishabithasledtosevereenvironmentalresultsthatdemandourimmediateattention.【答案】16.G17.F18.E19.A20.C【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。消费社会中快时尚、电子垃圾、食物浪费等问题突出，改变消费模式、做出有意识选择是解决之道。【16题详析】根据上文“Manyconsumersareunawareoftheenvironmentalimpactoftheirshoppinghabits.Intoday’sconsumersociety,wetendtodiscarditemswithouthesitationwhentheybecomeoldorslightlydamaged.(许多消费者没有意识到他们的购物习惯对环境的影响。在当今的消费社会中，当物品变老或稍有损坏时，我们往往会毫不犹豫地丢弃它们)”可知，这里在说消费者随意丢弃物品的习惯。G选项Thishabithasledtosevereenvironmentalresultsthatdemandourimmediateattention.(这种习惯已经导致了严重的环境后果，需要我们立即关注)中的Thishabit指代上文提到的随意丢弃物品的习惯，并且说明了这种习惯带来的严重环境后果，起到了承接上文的作用。故选G。【17题详析】根据上文“Theriseof‘fastfashion’isaperfectexampleofthisthrow-awayculture.Clothingbrandsproducecheapgarmentsatanastonishingrate,encouragingconsumerstobuymoreanddiscardfrequently.(‘快时尚’的兴起是这种一次性文化的一个完美例子。服装品牌以惊人的速度生产廉价服装，鼓励消费者多买并频繁丢弃)”可知，这里在说快时尚背景下消费者的服装消费情况。F选项Theaveragepersonnowbuys60%moreclothingitemscomparedto20yearsago.(与20年前相比，现在普通人购买的服装数量多了60%)通过具体的数据进一步说明了在快时尚影响下消费者购买服装数量的增加，与上文提到的“鼓励消费者多买”相呼应，是对上文内容的进一步阐述。故选F。【18题详析】根据上文“Electronicwastepresentsanothermajorchallenge.Astechnologyadvancesatbreakneckspeed,peoplereplacetheirdevicesmorefrequentlythaneverbefore.(电子垃圾带来了另一个重大挑战。随着技术以极快的速度发展，人们更换设备的频率比以往任何时候都高)”可知，这里在说人们更换电子设备频繁导致电子垃圾的问题。E选项Thisresultsinmountainsofoutdatedsmartphones,laptopsandothergadgets.(这导致了堆积如山的过时智能手机、笔记本电脑和其他小工具)中的This指代上文提到的人们频繁更换设备这一情况，mountainsofoutdatedsmartphones,laptopsandothergadgets具体说明了产生的电子垃圾的情况，承接上文说明了频繁更换设备的后果。故选E。【19题详析】根据下文“Supermarketsdiscardimperfectproduce,whilehouseholdsthrowawayediblefooddaily.Researchshowsthataboutone-thirdofallfoodproducedgloballygoestowaste.(超市丢弃不完美的农产品，而家庭每天都扔掉可食用的食物。研究表明，全球生产的所有食物中约有三分之一被浪费了)”可知，这里在说食物浪费的问题。A选项Foodwasteisequallyconcerning.(食物浪费同样令人担忧)能够引出下文关于食物浪费的具体内容。故选A。【20题详析】根据上文“However,solutionsareavailableifwearereadytochangeourconsumptionpatterns.(然而，如果我们准备好改变我们的消费模式，就有解决办法)”以及下文“Forexample,repairingitemsinsteadofreplacingthemcanextendtheirusability.Optingforqualityoverquantityensureswepossessdurableproductsthatstandthetestoftime.(例如，修理物品而不是更换它们可以延长它们的可用性。选择质量而不是数量可以确保我们拥有经得起时间考验的耐用产品)”可知，这里在说改变消费模式的解决办法。C选项Makingconsciouschoicesisastepofgreatvalue.(做出有意识的选择是很有价值的一步。中的Makingconsciouschoices呼应上文的changeourconsumptionpatterns，并且下文的repairingitemsinsteadofreplacingthem、Optingforqualityoverquantity等都是Makingconsciouschoices的具体例子，起到了承上启下的作用。故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、Ｄ四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Max’s21stbirthdaywasapproaching,andhismotherAndreaexpectedtheusualrequestforacheckoraparty.Butthisyear,Maxsurprisedher,“Insteadofagiftforme,____21____anycheckyouwillgivemetohelpsomeoneinneed”.Touchedbyhisselflessness,Andreaplannedtoturnhisbirthdayintoacelebrationofkindness.ShepassedavideocameratoMax’sbrotherCharlie.Thenshetook21$10billsoutofher____22____accountandbought21applesatthesupermarket.Whenthey____23____aman,whowas____24____,Andreatoldhim,“TodayismysonMax’s21stbirthday,andheaskedmetogiveagifttosomeonetohelphim____25____.”She____26____themana$10billandanapple.Themansmiledintothecameraand____27____,“Happybirthday,Max!”Soon,they____28____theirgiftstomenandwomenwaitingin____29____atasoupkitchen.Inaunifiedchorus,theywishedMax,“Happybirthday!”Atapizzaparlour,Andrea____30____$50andtoldtheownerstofeedthe____31____.“Happybirthday,Max!”theysaidsincerely.Withthe____32____$10billandapple,theyknockedattheirneighbour’sdoor.Anelderlyladylivedalone,andunableto____33____herlaughterorhertears,shefacedthecamera____34____,“Happybirthday,Max!”Thatevening,Maxwatchedthe____35____ofstrangerscelebratinghisbirthdayandvowedtomakebirthdaysatimenotjusttoreceive,buttogive.21.A.promote B.serve C.donate D.accept22.A.home B.campus C.kitchen D.bank23.A.spotted B.recognized C.sheltered D.witnessed24.A.mean B.cautious C.homeless D.generous25.A.count B.celebrate C.survive D.congratulate26.A.headed B.transferred C.handed D.delivered27.A.assured B.sighed C.announced D.wrote28.A.gaveaway B.getacross C.handedin D.brokedown29.A.style B.shape C.vain D.line30.A.fetched B.left C.combined D.took31.A.nervous B.disappointed C.curious D.hungry32.A.limitless B.casual C.common D.remaining33.A.contain B.judge C.explain D.interrupt34.A.definitely B.eventually C.incredibly D.remotely35.A.video B.website C.diary D.blog【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.C25.B26.C27.C28.A29.D30.B31.D32.D33.A34.B35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。Max21岁生日临近，他没像往常一样要支票或办派对，而是让妈妈把钱捐赠给有需要的人。妈妈深受感动，取现买苹果后和孩子们给无家可归的人、救济站排队的人送钱和苹果，在披萨店留钱给饥饿的人，还拜访独居老妇。当晚Max看了记录视频，决心让生日不仅是收获，更是给予的时刻。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是今年，麦克斯给了她一个惊喜，“你没有给我礼物，而是把你给我的任何支票都捐出来帮助需要帮助的人。”A.promote促进；B.serve服务；C.donate捐赠；D.accept接受。根据后文“anycheckyouwillgivemetohelpsomeoneinneed”可知，此处指把支票捐赠出来帮助他人。故选C。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她从银行账户里取出21张10美元的钞票，在超市买了21个苹果。A.home家；B.campus校园；C.kitchen厨房；D.bank银行。根据上文“Thenshetook21$10billsoutofher”可知，此处指去银行账户里取钱出来。故选D。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们看到一个无家可归的男人时，Andrea告诉他：“今天是我儿子麦克斯的21岁生日，他让我送一个礼物给别人来帮他庆祝。”A.spotted看到；B.recognized认可；C.sheltered庇护；D.witnessed目击。根据后文“aman”可知，此处指看到一个男人。故选A。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们看到一个无家可归的男人时，Andrea告诉他：“今天是我儿子麦克斯的21岁生日，他让我送一个礼物给别人来帮他庆祝。”A.mean刻薄的；B.cautious谨慎的；C.homeless无家可归的；D.generous慷慨的。根据上文“helpsomeoneinneed”可知，要帮助需要帮助的人，所以最有可能是无家可归的男人。故选C。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们看到一个无家可归的男人时，Andrea告诉他：“今天是我儿子麦克斯的21岁生日，他让我送一个礼物给别人来帮他庆祝。”A.count计算；B.celebrate庆祝；C.survive幸存；D.congratulate祝贺。根据上文“TodayismysonMax’s21stbirthday,andheaskedmetogiveagifttosomeonetohelphim”可知，麦克斯让妈妈送礼物给别人来一起庆祝他的生日。故选B。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她递给那个人一张10美元的钞票和一个苹果。A.headed前往；B.transferred转移；C.handed递给；D.delivered递送。根据后文“themana$10billandanapple”可知，此处指递给那个人钞票和苹果。故选C。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个男人微笑着对着镜头宣布：“生日快乐，麦克斯！”A.assured使确信；B.sighed叹息；C.announced宣布；D.wrote写。根据后文“Happybirthday,Max!”可知，得到帮助的男人微笑着对着镜头宣布：“生日快乐，麦克斯！”故选C。【28题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：很快，他们把礼物分发给了在施粥所排队等候的男男女女。A.gaveaway赠送；B.getacross使理解；C.handedin提交；D.brokedown出故障。根据上文“helpsomeoneinneed”以及后文“theirgiftstomenandwomen”可知，此处指把礼物送给他人。故选A。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，他们把礼物分发给了在施粥所排队等候的男男女女。A.style风格；B.shape形状；C.vain徒劳；D.line队伍。根据上文“theirgiftstomenan