三维设计 新课标高考总复习 英语 教师用书 选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT-UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND

102/103UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义1．physicalproperties物理特征personalproperty私人财产2．fromliquidtovapour从液体到蒸气3．illegal/bannedsubstances非法/禁用物品withoutsubstance毫无事实根据4．atoppolitician大牌政客5．numerouspeople许多人6．extraordinarygenius非凡的天才7．aneducationalinstitute教育机构adistributioninstitution分配制度8．mournthedead哀悼逝者9．awater-savingdevice节水装置10．draftaspeech起草发言稿二、表达词汇——在语境中活用(一)在括号内写出黑体词汇在语境中的汉语意思1．AlmostallkindsofinformationcanbeobtainedthroughtheInternet.(vt.获得)2．Shedefeatedallheropponentsandwonthegoldmedalinshooting.(vt.击败)3．Surprisingly,studentsoftheseniorschoolsaremostlygirls.(adv.主要地)4．Citizensinthisareawereforcedtofleethecity.(vt.迅速离开)5．Thecompetitionhadtobeputoffunderthespecialcircumstance.(n.状况)6．Thetheoryisnotyetscientificallyestablished.(n.理论)7．IfirstencounteredhimwhenstudyingatCambridge.(vt.偶然碰到)8．Largesumsofmoneyhavebeendonatedtothedisasterarea.(n.金额)(二)写出黑体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式1．Understandinghistoryisvitaltounderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.(adj.极其重要的)拓展：vitallyadv.极其；极大地2．TsinghuaUniversitywasfoundedin1911.(vt.建立)拓展：foundationn．基础；(机构或组织的)创建；创办→foundationaladj.基础的；基本的3．FromyoursmileIinferthatyouarepleased.(vt.推断)拓展：inferencen．推断；推理；推论4．Musicwashistruepassion,thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.(n.酷爱)拓展：passionateadj.热情的；充满激情的5．MrSmithworksasaprofessoratOxfordUniversity.(n.教授)拓展：professionn．职业；专业→professionaladj.职业的；专业的6．Heshowedusthatevenasingledesirecanmakeforaremarkablelife.(adj.非凡的)拓展：remarkablyadv.引人注目地，明显地；显著地7．Hehascommittedhimselftosupportinghisbrother'schildren.(vt.承诺)拓展：commitmentn．承诺，保证；奉献，投入→committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的8．Thecountryhasacknowledgedhavingtakeneverymeanstofightagainstanypossibleinfection.(vt.承认)拓展：acknowledgementn．承认；感谢9．Youshouldsitdownandanalyseyourstrengthsandweaknesses.(vt.分析)拓展：analysisn．分析；分析结果10．Twoindependentresearchbodiesreachedthesameconclusion.(n.结论)拓展：concludevt.推断11．Thisledtoanunexpectedconsequence.(n.结果)拓展：consequentadj.随之发生的→consequentlyadv.因此；所以三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用写出或选出加黑部分在语境中的汉语意思1．Smartonlinehabitscanalsoleadtohighefficiencyforyourstudy.促使2．Youhavetomakesureyoudon'tturntwopagesatonce.确保3．Butsheinsistsonuseatinghealthyfood.坚决要求4．Itisourdutytomakecontributionstoourmotherland.对……作出贡献5．WouldyouliketorecommendsomeEnglishpoemsbasedonschoolexperience？以……为依据6．Theplanputforwardbyalocalfarmerhasbeengotthroughatthemeeting.提出7．Unfortunately,thegreatscientistpassedawaylastyear.去世8．Thepoorboy,notdrybehindtheears,hadtomakealivingbyhimself.谋生9．Agoodstudentusuallyknowshowtosumupknowledgeingoodtime.总结10．It'simportanttodrawoutachild'spotentialcapacities.DA．做出B．拟订C．鼓励D．发掘11．SurfingtheInternetandplayinggamestakeupmuchtimewhenweshouldworkonourlessons.CA．担任 B．开始从事C．占用 D．拿起四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法1.教材原句UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine.Thereisateambehindme,andallthepeopleofmycountry...”(“on/upon＋名词/动名词”作状语)当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。我的身后是一个团队以及全国人民……”写作亮句(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)On/Upongettingbackhome,Ibegantowashandcutthevegetablesandmeatcarefully.一到家，我就开始仔细地清洗并切蔬菜和肉。文化典句UponarrivalfromtheTokyoOlympicGames,theChineseplayersreceivedawarmwelcomeattheairport.从东京奥运会返回时，中国运动健儿一到机场就受到了热烈欢迎。2.教材原句Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE＝mc2.(独立主格结构)他为世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。写作亮句(2023·浙江1月高考写作)Atthatmoment，happinessandthefeelingofbeingmovedmixed,wellingupintomyheart,tearsrollingdownmycheeks.在那一刻，幸福和感动的感觉交织在一起，涌上心头，眼泪顺着我的脸颊滚落下来。五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美心理或动作描写之“尴尬与无聊”ElizabethwaswanderingwhenshesawDarcyandhissister.Theireyesinstantlymet.Elizabethwastooembarrassedtosayaword,sheloweredhereyestoavoidDarcy.Darcywasinamixtureofsurpriseandexcitement.Hisfacewentredandhewasstrugglingtocontrolhisdelight.Hedidn'tknowwhattosayorhowtostarttheconversation.Elizabethwaswhollyoverwhelmedbyembarrassment.“WhydidIcomehere?Comingherewasthemostunfortunatethingintheworld！”shethought.伊丽莎白正在闲逛，这时她看见了达西和他的妹妹。他们的目光立刻相遇。伊丽莎白窘得一句话也说不出来，她垂下眼睛避开达西。达西既惊讶又兴奋。他的脸涨红了，他努力控制自己的喜悦。他不知道该说什么，也不知道如何开始谈话。伊丽莎白尴尬得不知所措。“我为什么来这里？来到这里是世界上最不幸的事！”她想。[点评]本段用“Theireyesinstantlymet...loweredhereyestoavoid...wentred...strugglingtocontrol...why...mostunfortunate”等动作或心理描写，栩栩如生地描绘出了一个十足尴尬的场面。1．acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢；认可；告知收到[题点全练]写出下列句中acknowledge的含义①“Maybeyouareright，”sheacknowledged.承认②Wewishtoacknowledgethesupportoftheuniversityandtheteachers.感谢③Alltheapplicationswillbeacknowledgedinaweek.告知收到④Heiswidelyacknowledgedtobeoneofthebestplayersintheworld.认可句式升级⑤Peopleacknowledgethatthemeasureshehastakenareefficient.→It_is_acknowledged_thatthemeasureshehastakenareefficient.→Themeasureshehastakenare_acknowledged_to_beefficient.[系统归纳](1)acknowledge(doing)sth.承认(做)某事acknowledgethat...承认……acknowledge...tobe/as...认为……是……Itisuniversally/widelyacknowledgedthat...……是大家所公认的(2)acknowledgementn.承认；感谢inacknowledgementof...为表示对……的感谢2．defeatn．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Itriedtocomforthimafterhewas_defeated(defeat)byhisopponent.②Theworldchampionhasonlyhadtwodefeats(defeat)inmorethan100fights.③ThePing-pongteamsufferedaheavydefeatintheOlympicmatch.④Neverdefeated(defeat)byanymathsquestion,theboyisfullofconfidence.[系统归纳](1)defeat与beat都表示“在战斗或竞赛中战胜/打败(对手)”，后接竞争对手(人或某一团体)，可以互换。(2)win意为“赢得”，后常跟game,match,competition,prize,award等名词作宾语。3．insistvi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)①Ourinsisting(insist)it'smerelyawindowhaskeptthemfromattemptingmillionsofrequeststoopenthedoor.②Thenewcomerinsistedonmeshowing(show)himhowtooperatethemachine.③Whentheteacherscoldedhim,heinsistedthathehad_come(come)ontimetoschooltheotherday.④Thoughatanoldage,heinsisted_that_he_should_go_tothecityfortheconference.尽管高龄，但他还是坚持去那个城市参加会议。[系统归纳](1)insistondoingsth.坚持做某事insistthat...(should)do坚决要求……做(2)insist表示“坚决要求，坚决主张”时，从句的动作发生在谓语insist之后，要使用虚拟语气，表示“以后”要做之事，句型结构为insistthat＋主语＋(should)＋(not)dosth.；表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，则采用陈述语气(即宾语从句中时态的选用要按照实际时态要求)，类似常见词语：suggest“建议；暗示；表明”。4．circumstancen．条件；环境；状况(常用复数)[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)①Ican'timagineacircumstanceinwhichIwouldnotbewillingtostudy.②Theoldtendtofallbehindthechangingsocialandpoliticalcircumstances(circumstance)．③Studentsshouldsticktotheirdreamsunder/in_any_circumstance(s)．在任何情况下，学生们都应该坚持他们的梦想。④Thescientistwouldgiveupthehopeforcontributionstothemotherlandunder/in_no_circumstances.在任何情况下，这位科学家都不会放弃为祖国做贡献的希望。⑤Innocircumstancesshould_people_waste_foodtopractisethe“clear-your-plate”action.为践行“光盘”行动，在任何情况下人们都不应浪费食物。[系统归纳]under/innocircumstances无论如何都不……(位于句首时句子要部分倒装)under/inthecircumstances在这种情况下；既然这样under/inanycircumstance(s)在任何情况下5．putforward提出；拨快；提前[题点全练](用put的相关短语填空)①Ourgovernmenthasput_forwardTheBeltandRoadInitiative,whichencouragescooperationbetweenChinaandothercountries.②Don'tput_offtilltomorrowwhatshouldbedonetoday.③AweekbeforeEarthDay,posterswereput_uparoundourschool,callinguponustojoininthecampaign.④Asadeterminedresearcher,MrWangcanput_up_withallkindsofhardship.[系统归纳]putaside把……放在一边；忽视；不考虑putaway放好；收好；储存putdown记下；放下；镇压putoff推迟；延期puton穿上；戴上；上演；增加(体重)putout熄灭；扑灭；出版；公布；生产putup举起；设立；提(价)；投宿；张贴putupwith忍受；容忍6．takeup拿起；占用，占据；开始从事；接受；继续[题点全练](用take的相关短语填空)①Thegoldmedalwinnertook_updivingattheageof7.②Idon'twanttotake_downaseriesoffactsinmydiary.③Whatmattersiswhatyoutake_in_duringclass,butnotwhatyouwritedowninyournotebooks.④Uponlearningthediseasebrokeout,ZhongNanshantook_ontheresponsibilitytofightagainstit.[系统归纳]takeapart拆开takedown放下；记下；拆除takein欺骗；吸收；理解takeoff(飞机)起飞；(事业)腾飞；脱下takeon呈现；雇用；承担takeover接管；接替1．commitvt.承诺；保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)①Bothsidescommittedthemselves(them)tosettlethedisputepeacefully.②Shedoesn'twanttomakeanemotionalcommitment(commit)toJackatthemoment.③Committed(commit)todoingmedicalresearch,TuYouyouisthoughthighlyofbytheChinese.④Thetallmanhascommitted_a_great_crime.这个高个子男人犯下了大罪。[进阶学习]系统归纳(1)commitacrime犯罪commitoneselfto(sth./doingsth./dosth.)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)committo...忠于……；全心全意投入……(2)commitmentn.承诺，保证；奉献，投入(3)committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的难点解释commitoneself后可跟todo，也可把to看作介词，其后跟mit作“忠诚，全心全意投入……”为不及物动词，常跟to连用[练重难点]选词填空(committed/committing)⑤Committingherselftotheresearch,TuYouyouspentallhertimeworkingoutasolution.⑥Committedtotheproject,MrSmithalmosthadnotimewithhisfamily.2．consequencen．结果；后果；重要性[题点全练](完成句子)①As_a_consequence_ofglobalwarming,naturaldisastersoccurmorefrequently.由于全球变暖的缘故，自然灾害更加频繁地发生。②Humanbeingswillhavetotake_the_consequences_ofthedamagetoourplanet.人类将不得不承担损坏我们星球的后果。[进阶学习]系统归纳asaconsequence＝asaresult＝inconsequence因此；结果asaconsequenceof＝asaresultof＝inconsequenceof由于……的缘故take/suffer/beartheconsequencesof承担……的后果难点解释(1)asaconsequence在句中相当于副词，其前的句意通常为原因。(2)asaconsequenceof在句中作介词，of后为原因，跟名词或动名词。(3)beofnoconsequence不重要，无关紧要[练重难点](单句语法填空)③Millionsofpeoplelostjobsasadirectconsequenceofeconomiccrisisinthecountry.④Sometimesitisdifficulttopredicttheconsequenceofourpresentactions.1．“on/upon＋名词/动名词”作状语[用法规则](1)介词on/upon后面可以跟动名词或名词作宾语，构成介宾结构，在句中作状语，也可以转换为assoonas引导的时间状语从句。(2)表示“一……就……”的结构：①once/directly/instantly/immediately＋从句；②themoment/theminute/theinstant＋从句；③nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when[应用体验](单句语法填空/完成句子)①On/Uponarriving/arrival(arrive)attheairport,weallwerewelcomedwarmly.②Ihadnosoonergotontheplatformthantheaudiencebegantocheermeup.③Themoment/minute/instanthegetsintotrouble,hewillturntohisparentsforhelp.他一遇到麻烦，就向父母求助。④On/Upon_his_return_to_his_hometown,_hepaidavisittohisteachers.他一回到家乡，就去拜访了他的老师们。2．独立主格结构[用法规则](1)独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。(2)独立主格结构的常用形式：逻辑主语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,动词不定式表示将来,形容词/副词/名词/介词短语))[应用体验]单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级①Thechildrenplaying(play)intheroom,Icouldn'tgetdowntostudying.②Theworkdone(do),wewenthome.③Nobodyto_come(come)tomorrow,wewillhavetoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.④The_meeting_over,_ourheadmastersoonleftthemeetingroom.散会了，我们的校长很快就离开了会议室。⑤Ifweatherpermits,wewillholdouryearlysportsmeetingnextweek.→Weather_permitting,_wewillholdouryearlysportsmeetingnextweek.(独立主格结构)eq\a\vs4\al(\b\lc\|\rc\|(\a\vs4\al\co1(写作主题——对社会有突出贡献的人物)))古今中外，涌现出了许多对社会作出突出贡献的人物。他们勇于担当、甘于奉献，书写了不平凡的人生篇章。这一主题有助于引导学生深入了解国内外取得重大成就的人物及其经历与贡献，树立为社会服务的意识，形成正确的人生观和价值观。该主题在高考写作中多次出现，如：2023年全国甲卷写作要求介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物；2020年全国卷Ⅰ书面表达则要求介绍身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人等。AMedicalPioneer(节选自北师大版教材必修第二册UNIT6)TuYouyouwasborninZhejiangProvince,China,on30December,1930.ShestudiedmedicineatPekingUniversityHealthScienceCentre.Aftergraduation,shebecameamemberofChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences.Later,shestudiedChinesemedicinefortwoandahalfyearswithexpertsinthefieldfromwhomshegainedadeepknowledgeabouttraditionalpractices.(简介屠呦呦学习中医学的过程)In1969,TuYouyouwaschosentoestablishateamtofindacureformalaria—adiseasethatkilledmillionsofpeopleeveryyear.Acrosstheworld,scientistshadbeentryingtofindacure.(运用过去完成进行时态很好地体现了在屠呦呦发现青蒿素以前，世界各地的科学家一直以来都在努力寻求能够有效治疗疟疾的方法)Theytestedmorethan240,000chemicalswithnosuccess.However,TuYouyouhadanideathatChineseherbsmightholdthesecret.ShestudiedancientChinesemedicalliteratureandvisitedexpertsintraditionalChinesemedicine.❶Sheresearchedhundredsoftraditionalrecipesconnectedtoanti-malarialcures.ThenTuYouyouandherteambeganusingmodernresearchmethodstostudytheseChineseherbsonebyone.(屠呦呦依据古代中医配方采用现代的研究方法逐一研究了数百种有可能对治疗疟疾有效的中草药)Thiswasnotaneasytask.❷Thereasonwhythiswasdifficultwasthattheteamhadlimitedresources.Theydidnothaveenoughstaff,andthelaboratoryinwhichtheyworkedhadpoorairquality.(面对的困难)However,afterhundredsoffailedexperiments,theyeventuallycameacrossapromisingchemical.❸Itworkedwellinexperimentsonanimals,buttheyhadtoknowifitwassafeforhumans.TuYouyoubravelyvolunteeredeq\a\vs4\al(to)bethefirsthumansubjectwhentheywerereadytostarttestingandtherestofherteamfollowedher.Thetestwasasuccess.Themedicinetheydiscovered,artemisinin,hasnowbecometheworld'smosteffectivedrugforfightingmalaria.(成功发现世界上抗击疟疾最有效的药物——青蒿素)由教材学写法1．学亮点词汇第一段中的gainadeepknowledge是knowalot的高级表达，用在此处形象又恰到好处，使表达更地道。第二段中的However，使前后句形成转折对比，突出了中草药的重要性。第三段中的eventually一词，真实地写出了发现青蒿素的艰辛不易，从侧面反映了屠呦呦及其团队的科学探索精神。2．学高级句式句❶中过去分词短语connectedtoanti-malarialcures作后置定语，修饰名词短语traditionalrecipes，限定了她研究的传统配方的范围——与抗疟疾疗法有关。句❷是一个主从复合句，句中关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，that引导表语从句。紧凑简练地表达了困难的原因在于团队资源有限。句❸是一个并列复合句，句中并列连词but连接两个并列分句。第一分句承接上文内容，第二分句引出下文内容，起到了很好的过渡作用。3．学行文逻辑本文写作结构为“递进式结构”。全文主要围绕“发现青蒿素”这一中心展开叙述。屠呦呦研究中医→屠呦呦依据中医配方采用现代的研究方法逐一研究数百种中草药→成功发现世界上抗击疟疾最有效的药物：青蒿素。一条线写下来，让读者对青蒿素的发现过程和屠呦呦兢兢业业致力于医学研究，为对社会作出贡献且不顾个人安危的形象有了清楚的了解和认识。Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式1．makegreatcontributionsto对……作出突出贡献2．becomeinvolvedin参与……3．inthefieldof在……领域4．asystemofphilosophy哲学体系5．throughouttheworld遍及全世界6．getovervarietiesofdifficulties克服各种各样的困难7．playaleadingrole起着重要的作用8．achieveone'sdream实现某人的梦想9．makerapidprogressin在某方面取得很大的进步10．findacurefor寻找……的疗法11．makesureof确保12．facethechallenge面对挑战13．devoteoneselfto致力于；献身于14．scientificresearch科学研究15．setoutanewscientificidea提出科学新观点Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底1．Sostrong-mindedwashethathecouldkeepupuntilhesucceeded.他意志很坚强，他会继续做下去直到成功。2．Inspiredbywhatthegreatscientistsaid,hemadeuphismindtoworkhardandcatchup.受到这位伟大的科学家讲话的鼓舞，他决心努力工作赶上去。3．However,educatedbyhismother,hetookaninterestinreading.然而，由于母亲的教育，他对读书产生了兴趣。4．Hefellinlovewithscienceanddevotedhimselftoit.他爱上了科学并全身心投入其中。一、作文补写表达亮下面是一篇介绍屠呦呦的短文，请根据提示，运用上面所学，将文章补充完整。Amongthescientistswhohavedrivensocialdevelopment,theone❶that_I_admire_most(我最钦佩的；定语从句)isTuYouyou,aresearcherinmedicine.❷What_impressed_me_most(让我印象最深的；主语从句)wasthatsheandherteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280,000plants.❸Havingfailednumeroustimes(失败了无数次以后；分词短语作状语),they❹eventually_discovered_an_effective_medicine(最终发现了一种有效的药物)．Later,theyeven❺volunteered_to_test_it_on_themselves(自愿在自己身上做实验)tomakesureofthesafety!❻Inspired_by_her_scientific_spirit(被她的科学精神所激励；分词短语作状语),Iamdeterminedtobravethechallengesandtrydifferentways❼to_solve_my_problems(来解决我的问题)．IhopeIcanmakegreatcontributionstooursocietytoo.二、看图写作善联想根据以下图片展开合理想象，描述孔子的贡献及影响，80词左右。Confucius_was_a_Chinese_thinker_and_social_philosopher_whose_teachings_and_philosophy_have_deeply_influenced_Chinese,_Korean,_Japanese,_and_Vietnamese_thought_and_life.He_established_his_own_philosophy_that_emphasizes_social_relationships,_justice_and_sincerity.Confucius'_thoughts_have_been_developed_into_a_system_of_philosophy_known_as_Confucianism.It_was_and_is_being_introduced_to_many_countries_throughout_the_world,_which_greatly_contributes_to_the_cultural_exchange.课时作业(一)语篇阅读训练——保准度Ⅰ.阅读理解ASomeofthegreatestscientistsofalltimearewomenwhohavemadeimportantdiscoveriesinavarietyoffieldsinscience.Ourlistofthemostfamousfemalescientistsbelowareorganisedinorderofpopularitysoyoucanreadabouttheadvancementsthattheymade.MarieCurie(1867－1934)FamousFor:WorkonradioactivityMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrizeandtheonlywomantowinthisawardintwofields:PhysicsandChemistry.ShediscoveredpoloniumandradiumandherworkhelpedwiththecreationofX-rays.JaneGoodall(1934－)FamousFor:Primate(灵长类)studiesJaneGoodallisknownworld-wideforhergroundbreakingstudiesonprimates.Sheisconsideredasthetopexpertonchimpsintheworldandisperhapsbestknownforher45-yearstudyonthesociallivesoftheseanimalsinTanzania.RitaLevi-Montalcini(1909－2012)FamousFor:NervegrowthstudiesRitaLevi-Montalciniwasaneurologist(神经病学家)whowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1986forherfindingsinNerveGrowthFactor(NGF).ShewasthefirstNobelPrizewinnertolivepasther100thbirthday.LiseMeitner(1878－1968)FamousFor:WorkonradioactivityandnuclearphysicsLiseMeitnerwasakeymemberofagroupthatdiscoverednuclearfission(裂变).Oneofhercolleagues,OttoHahn,wasgiventheNoblePrizeforthiswork.ThatMeitnerdidn'tgettheawardisconsideredtobeahugeerrorbytheNobelcommittee.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了四位著名的女科学家在各自领域所取得的成就和影响。1．Whoisstillcontributingtotheworld?A．MarieCurie. B．JaneGoodall.C．RitaLevi-Montalcini. D．LiseMeitner.解析：选B细节理解题。根据每个人物后面跟的时间可知，JaneGoodall出生于1934年，而后面没有给出去世时间，说明仍在为世界做贡献。故选B。2．WhatdidRitaLevi-Montalciniresearchon?A．Nervegrowth. B．Thewildlife.C．Nuclearexplosion. D．Radioactivity.解析：选A细节理解题。根据RitaLevi-Montalcini(1909－2012)部分中“FamousFor:Nervegrowthstudies”可知，RitaLevi-Montalcini研究的是神经发育。故选A。3．WhatdoweknowaboutLiseMeitner?A．ShewasawardedtheNobelPrize.B．Shemadeabigmistakeinherwork.C．Shedidlotsofstudiesaboutnervegrowth.D．Shemadegreatcontributionstonuclearphysics.解析：选D推理判断题。根据LiseMeitner(1878－1968)部分中“FamousFor:Workonradioactivityandnuclearphysics”可知，因为研究放射性和核物理而出名。由此可知，LiseMeitner对核物理学做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。BWiththeworld'sattentiononvaccines(疫苗),nowitfeelslikeagoodmomenttosingthepraisesofanoftenforgottencontributortotheirdevelopment.Threehundredyearsagothismonth,LadyMaryWortleyMontagugotherdaughterinoculated(接种)againstsmallpox,makingherchildthefirstpersonintheWesttobeprotectedinthisway.WithoutMontagu'swillingnesstoadoptapracticeshehadlearnedfromothercultures,theintroductionofvaccinesaround80yearslaterwouldneverhavetakenplace.MontagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandtoTurkey.InoculationhadstartedinAsia,probablyinChina,asearlyasthe10thcenturyAD.MontaguobservedhowolderwomeninTurkeytookatinyamountofpus(脓)fromapersonwithsmallpox.Theythenusedneedlestomakecutsonpeople'swristsandanklesandaddedthepustotheirbloodstream.Thishelpedpeoplegainimmunityfromfutureinfection.Likeothervisitorstothecountry,Montagutookstepstoensurethatherdaughterwasinoculated.Thisworkedwell,butsheknewthattryingitinEnglandwouldbefarmorechallenging.Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurswouldthreatendoctors'professionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluableincome.Somepeoplealsodisagreewiththepractice,astheysawitasgoingagainstnature.BackinEngland,Montaguobservedtheincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.Eventually,inApril1721,shedecidedtousetheTurkishpracticetohaveherdaughterinoculated,becauseshebelievedthattherewardswouldoutweightherisks.Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation,Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter.DoctorsinBritaingraduallyacceptedthepractice.About80yearslater,apioneeringphysicianfoundsmallpoxvaccinestodestroysmallpoxcompletely.Asearlyaslastcentury,academicsarguedthatMontaguwasnomorethananenthusiasticamateur.Intruth,shemadeavitalscientificcontributiontowardsfindingthecureforsmallpox.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。三百年前，英国的MaryWortleyMontagu在土耳其目睹了当地妇女接种天花疫苗后，决定将这种技术带回英国，给女儿接种天花疫苗。她冲破重重阻力，终于成功接种，并得到了当地医生的认可和推广。4．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theoriginofsmallpoxinoculation.B．Montagu'sfirstaccesstoinoculation.C．Thebenefitsfromsmallpoxinoculation.D．Turkishwomen'sinventionofinoculation.解析：选B段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要讲述了Montagu在土耳其目睹当地人预防天花的经过，故B项正确。5．MontagufounditdifficulttotryinoculationinEnglandbecause________.A．itwasagainsthumannatureB．itmightharmdoctors'interestsC．itwasbeyonddoctors'abilitiesD．itmightshakesomepeople'sbelief解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，由无执照的业余人士进行接种会威胁到医生的职业地位并有可能剥夺他们宝贵的收入。据此可知，在英国接种天花疫苗很困难是因为这损害了当地医生的利益，故B项正确。6．WhatleddoctorsinBritaintoacceptinoculation?A．Theincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.B．Aphysician'sdiscoveryofsmallpoxvaccines.C．TheresultofMontagu'sdaughter'sinoculation.D．Montagu'sfocusonitsrewardsratherthanitsrisks.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段尾句可知，在接种疫苗后的一段安全时间过后，Montagu同意医生为她的女儿进行检查。再根据第五段首句可知，英国医生逐渐接受了接种天花疫苗。据此可知，由于Montagu给她的女儿成功接种了天花疫苗，故英国医生开始接受这一尝试。故C项正确。7．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A．AnUnsungHeroB．NoLimittoCreationC．DevelopmentofVaccinesD．AHistoricMedicalInnovation解析：选A标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了推动天花疫苗接种的先行者Montagu的故事。她勇敢地给她的女儿尝试接种并获得成功，从而使英国的医生逐渐接受了天花疫苗的接种。故A项最适合作为本文标题。Ⅱ.阅读七选五eq\a\vs4\al(2024·山西省八校高三第一次联考)Excellenceisaformofcurrency(通货).Whileacommitmenttoexcellencecanhelpyougaintruewealthandrealizetheinbuiltvalueofyourpotential,alackofcommitmentdevaluespotentialandreputation.Ifyouaretobecomethepersonyoumeanttobeonthedayyouwereborn,dowhateveryoudowithallyourmight.__8__Ifyouacceptbeingaverageandordinary,lifewillmakeyouaverageandordinary.__9__Butithaseverythingtodowithdecision,commitmentandaction.Andexcellenceisadestinationforanyonewhoappreciates,respects,anddemonstrateshardworkandgoodjudgement!Weallhavearangeofcareerchoicesandopportunities.Butweexpandtherangeandqualityofourchoiceswhenwepractiseexcellence.__10__Soattempttomakeeveryopportunityoneofimportancebecauseeveryopportunitycounts.Whatisconsideredexcellenttodaywillbecometheminimumcostofadmissiontomorrow.__11__Obviously,thebarisconstantlybeingraised.Ifyoudon'tproduceexcellentresultsconsistently,someoneelsewill.Thereisnomercyperiodforaverageness,andyoumusthaveazerotolerancepolicyforit.Peopleexpectthebest.__12__Soneverrelaxtherulesofexcellence.Whenyoufacequality,yousufferphysicalandemotionalwithdrawalfromyourgoals.Youshouldhavethebeliefthattheefficiencyofyourbusinessandlifeareinfinite(无限的),thateverythingcanbeimprovedupon,andthateveryprojectcanbecompletedinanexcellentfashion.Why?Becausewhenitcomestoexcellence,everythingcounts!A．Beingaverageisachoice.B．You'reonlyasgoodasyourlastperformance.C．Itcreatesconfidenceandenhancespeaceofmind.D．Andwereducethemwhenweacceptbeingaverage.E．Iftheycan'tgetitfromyou,they'llfinditelsewhere.F．Youwillneverlivelongerthanitsimportanceandusefulness.G．Beingworld-classhasnothingtodowithsize,education,orbloodline.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了卓越的重要性，并介绍了追求卓越的方法。8．选A根据空后一句可知，如果你接受普通和平凡，生活将会使你变得普通和平凡。这是对设空处的解释说明，故设空处的内容与“平凡”有关，A项中的average和设空后的“averageandordinary”相呼应。9．选G空后的But表明设空处和空后一句之间是转折关系。G项中的“hasnothingtodowith...”和下文“haseverythingtodowith...”形成对比。故选G项。10．选D空后的So表明设空处和下文是因果关系，D项即是设空处后一句的原因，同时D项中的them指代前面提到的“therangeandqualityofourchoices”，reduce也与前面的expand形成对比。故选D项。11．选B根据空后两句可知，显然，标准在不断提高。如果你不能持续创造出色的结果，其他人会。这说明只有不断提高，才能变得卓越。故选B项。12．选E空后的So表明前后是因果关系，设空处强调原因，再结合空前一句(人们期盼最好的)可知，E项(如果人们无法从你身上获取最好的，他们就会另觅他处)符合语境。Ⅲ.完形填空Thepast10monthshasbeenthemostinfluentialmonthsofmylife.Asajunior,IleftmycomfortablehomeinIllinoisand__13__goingtotheNavajoIndianReservationinArizona.ThereIattendedalocalpoorly-equippedschooland__14__foranadventure.Iexperiencedsomany__15__whenIarrived,fightingeachdayto__16__inanewsocialenvironment—overcomingracialdifferences,handlingsocial__17__...DuringthesummervacationI__18__tobeacounselor(顾问)atanEasterSealscampforpeoplewith__19__needswhorequireassistancebecauseofdisabilitiesandimprovetheirabilitytodothingsalone.ItwasthemosttiringworkI'deverexperiencedbutthemost__20__.IknewthatI'dhelpedimproveover850campers'__21__.Asthenewschoolyearbegan,ourdepartmenthadarenovation(翻新).Iofferedtohelpcleanupallthe__22__books.Insteadofrecyclinghundredsofthosebooks,I__23__thedepartmentthatthebookscouldserveahigher__24__.Thissimpleactresultedinanall-outbookdrivebenefitingtheschoolsinArizona.The10-monthexperienceinArizona__25__megreatly.Itmademebecomeapersonwithpatience,appreciation,determination,and__26__enthusiasm.Itrustthatitisthroughenthusiasm,ideasandactionthatallchangescan__27__.语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。作者离开家乡前往异地学习的经历让他收获了耐心、感恩、决心以及对生活的热情。13．A.required B．riskedC．escaped D．considered解析：选B根据上文中的“leftmycomfortablehome”及下文中的“anadventure”可知，作者离开舒适的家，踏上了前往纳瓦霍印第安人保留地的冒险旅途。risk意为“冒险”，符合语境。14．A.settledon B．settledbackC．settledup D．settledin解析：选D根据上文中的“ThereIattendedalocalpoorly-equippedschool”及下文内容可知，作者在当地上了学，安顿了下来。settlein意为“安顿下来”，符合语境。15．A.pleasures B．wondersC．blows D．burdens解析：选C根据下文中的“fightingeachday”等信息可知，作者刚到纳瓦霍印第安人保留地时，经历了许多打击。blow在这里表示“打击，挫折”，属于“熟词生义”。16．A.survive B．succeedC．recover D．return解析：选A根据上下文可知，此处指作者不得不每天为自己能在新的社会环境中生存下去而奋斗。survive意为“生存”，符合语境。17．A.cases B．communicationsC．conflicts D．responsibilities解析：选C根据上文中的“overcomingracialdifferences,handlingsocial”可知，此处指除了要克服种族差异外，作者还需应对社会冲突。conflict意为“冲突”，符合语境。18．A.promised B．decidedC．afforded D．learned解析：选B根据下文可知，作者决定去做夏令营顾问。decide意为“决定”，符合语境。19．A.basic B．normalC．special D．natural解析：选C根据下文中的“whorequireassistancebecauseofdisabilities”可知，来参加夏令营的人是有特殊需求的人。special意为“特殊的”，符合语境。20．A.interesting B．rewardingC．demanding D．appealing解析：选B根据下文中的“IknewthatI'dhelpedimproveover850campers'”及空前的“tiring”可知，此处指这是作者做过的最累人却最有意义的工作。rewarding意为“有意义的，值得做的”，符合语境。21．A.patience B．independenceC．intelligence D．confidence解析：选B根据上文中的“theirabilitytodothingsalone”可知，作者帮助那些参加夏令营的人变得更加独立。independence意为“独立”，符合语境。22．A.unturned B．valuableC．useful D．unwanted解析：选D根据下文中的“recyclinghundredsofthosebooks”可知，新学年伊始，作者所在的系要翻新，作者主动提出帮忙把多余的书处理掉。unwanted意为“不需要的；多余的”，符合语境。23．A.reminded B．comfortedC．informed D．convinced解析：选D根据下文可知，作者使系里相信这些书可以有更重要的用途。convince意为“使相信”，符合语境。24．A.plan B．targetC．purpose D．standard解析：选C参见上题解析。意为purpose“用途”，符合语境。25．A.transformed B．defeatedC．tricked D．impressed解析：选A根据下文中的“Itmademe...enthusiasm”可知，10个月的经历改变了作者。transform意为“使改变”，符合语境。26．A.afterall B．aboveallC．atlarge D．atleast解析：选