北京市西城区2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末英语试题（含答案）

第第页北京市西城区2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末英语试题一、单项填空（共10分，每题1分）1．Mrs.Smithhastwokidsandsheoftenplaystenniswith____onSundays.A．him B．them C．you D．her2．Duringthewinterholiday,myfamilytraveledtoHainan____plane.A．in B．on C．by D．to3．BettyandLily____friendssincetheywere13yearsold.A．were B．are C．havebeen D．willbe4．—Dad,thisblackshirt____verysoft.Wouldyouliketotryiton?—No,thanks.Ipreferlightcolors.A．tastes B．sounds C．smells D．feels5．—Tim,youneedtogonow,____youwillbelateforclass.—OK,mom.I'mleavingnow.A．or B．but C．and D．so6．—____doyoucookforyourfamily?—Abouttwiceaweek.A．Howlong B．Howmuch C．Howoften D．Howmany7．Irefuse____allthefriedfoodbecauseIwanttokeepfit.A．eat B．toeat C．eating D．ate8．—Sam,you____thetableyet.It'sallmessy!—Sorry,I'lldoitimmediately.A．haven'tcleared B．weren'tclearingC．won'tclear D．don'tclear9．It____thewriterseveralmonthstofinishthebookRedStarOverChinainthe1930s.A．takes B．willtake C．hastaken D．took10．—Doyouknow____?—NextSundaymorning.A．whenwillwevisittheScienceMuseumB．whenwewillvisittheScienceMuseumC．whendidwevisittheScienceMuseumD．whenwevisitedtheScienceMuseum二、完形填空（共10分，每题1分）完形填空Samandhisfamilywerespendingtheirholidayattheseaside.WhenSamandhisgrandmastoodonthebeachwatchingthesunrise,aperfectshell11．ashore(上岸).Samquicklypickeditupandturneditover.Inside,theshellwasaspinkasarabbit'sear!"Itisagiftfromthesea,"saidGrandma,"Takegoodcareofit.""Iwill,"saidSam.Sam12．showedhistreasuretohisfamily.Hisparentslovedit,buthisbrotherVikramthoughtitwasnothingspecial.Thenextday,Sam13．theshellontheshelfintheircottage(小屋)andthenwentwithhisfamilytotheboardwalk.Vikramdidn'tgowiththem,becausehewasbusytakingpictures.Attheboardwalk,Samsawshellsonsale,butnonewereas14．ashis.Backatthecottage,herantohisroomtoadmire(欣赏)theshell.Butitwasgone!"Dad,whereismyshell?"Samcried."Wheredidyouputit?"Dadasked."Iputitontheshelfbutit'snotthere!"answeredSam.Thensomethingcaughthiseye...underVikram'sbed."Vikramtookit,"hesaid."Ididnot!"shoutedVikram."Iwastakingpicturesatthebeach.Whocaresaboutyour15．shell?"Samdidn'tsayawordbutquietlyhidtheshellunderhisclothesinadrawer.Hecheckedonhis16．twicebeforeeveryonewenttothebeachforthelasttime.Thatafternoon,Samandhisfamilypacked(收拾行李)togohome.Samopenedhisdraweronlytofindhisshellgoneagain.Duringdinner,Sam17．hisfamily.Hethoughtsomeonewashidinghisshell.Who?Andwhy?Suddenly,hismissingshellwalkedintotheroom."Look!"saidSam,pointing.Everyonelooked.Theshellthatwaspinkinsidenowhad18．thatracedforthedoor.Itturnedouttobeahermitcrab.Everyonewasamazed.Samranoverandpickeditup."I'llcallyouSandy,"saidSam."Youcanliveatmyhouse.""Healreadyhasahome,"saidGrandma.Sam19．howhisshellhadwashedupfromtheocean.ThatwasSandy'srealhome.Thatwaswherehewantedtobe."Grandma,willyoucometothebeachwithmeagain?Ihaveto20．agift."Grandmasmiled.11．A．drove B．swam C．washed D．pointed12．A．proudly B．shyly C．secretly D．politely13．A．found B．left C．lost D．threw14．A．special B．big C．clean D．strong15．A．perfect B．valuable C．dangerous D．boring16．A．shelf B．treasure C．surprise D．picture17．A．expected B．noticed C．believed D．studied18．A．legs B．hands C．ears D．eyes19．A．regretted B．imagined C．remembered D．discovered20．A．send B．receive C．offer D．return三、阅读选择（共22分，每题2分）阅读理解21．Iwanttolearnaboutthegreatpeopleinhumanhistorywhohaveexplored(探索)theuniverse.Tony22．Ienjoystoriesaboutfriendshipandpersonalgrowth.Betty23．Iaminterestedinmusicandlovereadingstoriesaboutmusicians.LilyA．SHOOTYOURSHOTThisbookteachesyouaboutthemostimportantrulesthatthebestbasketballplayersuseintheirlives.Itexplainshowtherulescanhelpyougetthroughlifeandmakeyourdreamscometrue.B．SPACEOnly628peopleinthehistoryofhumanshavebeentospace.Inthisbook,anastronautnamedTimPeaketellstheirstories.Theyareallbraveandamazingpeoplewhohavemadeitpossibleforustogotospace.C．LISTENEvelynfellinlovewithmusicthefirsttimesheheardit.Shestartedplayingthepianoattheageofeight.Later,shebegantoloseherhearing,butEvelyndidn'tgiveup.Shediscoveredanewwaytohearandmadebeautifulmusic.D．ROLLERGIRLAstridandNicolearebestfriends.ButthingschangewhenAstridchoosesrollerderbycamp,andNicolepicksdancecamp.Thissituationteststheirfriendship.Luckily,bysummer'send,theylearnthattruefriendscheereachotheronwhiletryingnewactivities.阅读理解Thereisabusystreetcornerbesideabusstationwherekidschangebusesgoingtoandfromschool.It'snotaprettyplace.There'snoisytrafficandthenearbybuildingsaregrayandunloved.However,ithasapatch(小块地)ofbeauty—asmallgardencalledPete'sPatch.Peteisoneofthekidswhowaitheretochangebusesfornineminuteseachday.Inthepast,itwasn'tafunorpleasantplace.Therewasnowherenicetowalkandthepatchnexttothestationwaslitteredwithtrash(垃圾).Petehadnochoicebecausethiswastheonlyway.Hefeltlikehewaswastinghislifeaway.Therewasnothingtolookat,nothingtokeephimbusy,andhangingaroundlikethateachdaydrovehimmad.Heknewhecouldn'tdoanythingtochangethebuscompany'stimetable,buthecouldmakethenineminutesmoreenjoyableforhimselfandothers.Heaskedhismomforsometrashbags.Thatweek,hefilledhisnineminuteseachdaybypickingupthetrash.Ontheweekend,heaskedhisdadtodrivedownandtakethetrashbagstothedump(垃圾场).OnMondaymorning,thepatchlookedsomuchcleanerandnicer.Thennextweek,Petebegantopullweeds(杂草).Oneofhisfriendscametohelp.Soonthepatchwaslookinggood,butsomedirtywordsonthewallsofthebusstationwerereallymakinghimangry.Petehadanidea.Hepaintedamural(壁画)tocoverthedirtywords.Whenhestartedtowork,moreofhisschoolfriendsjoinedhimeachday.NowPeteandhisfriendsareproudofthatpatch,andtheysurearen'tgoingtoletanyonemessitup.Theyhaveevenplantedsomefreshflowers.Whilewaitingfortheirnextbus,theywalkthroughthepatchandcollecttrash.OneMonday,however,asherodethebustoschool,Petelooked,asusual,towardthepatch.Tohissurprise,therewasasignonit.Hisfriendshadpaintedit.Itread:Pete'sPatch.24．Whywasn'ttheareaaroundthebusstationapleasantplace?A．Becausethereweretoomanypeople.B．Becausetheflowersweren'tpretty.C．Becausethewallsweren'tcolorful.D．Becausetherewasalotoftrash.25．WhatdidPetedotomakethepatchlooknicer?A．Hepulledweedswithhisfriend.B．Heplantedflowerswithhismom.C．Hechangedthebuscompany'stimetable.D．Hetookapictureofthebusstation'swalls.26．WhichwordscanbestdescribePete?A．Hardworkingandshy. B．Humorousandsmart.C．Helpfulandcreative. D．Politeandbrave.27．Whatdoesthestorytellus?A．Timefliesbutmemorieslastforever.B．Goodfriendssticktogetherlikeglue.C．Parentsshouldalwayshelptheirkids.D．Alittleactionmakestheworldbetter.阅读理解Researchshowsthatthediscoveryofexoplanets(planetsoutsideoursolarsystem)haschangedsciencefiction(小说).Now,booksandmoviespresenttheseplanetsmoreexactly,makingsciencefictionmoreimportantthanbefore.Imaginelearningaboutstarsinaclassroom.Youcouldstartwithcomplex(复杂的)picturesandfacts,oryoucouldwatchthemovieStarWarswhereLukeSkywalkerseestwosunsfromhishomeplanet,Tatooine.Whichwillmoreeasilyawakentheinterestofasleepyhighschoolclass?Sciencefictionhasalwayscaughtourattentionandithasinspired(激励)scientiststogofortheirdreams.Forthisreason,itissometimesusedtocommunicatesciencetothepublic,evencomplexideas.Tobesurethatthisisausefulway,itisnecessarytounderstandhowsciencefictionshowsactualscience.EmmaJohannaPuranenandherteamfromtheUniversityofStAndrewsandtheAustrianAcademyofSciencesdidsomeresearch,studyingalotofsciencefictionworks,includingnovels,movies,TVshows,podcasts,andvideogamestoseehowsciencefictionreflects(反映)realscientificdiscoveriesaboutexoplanets."Moststoriesthataresetinspacewillfinallyhaveascene(场景)onanexoplanet,"explainsPuranen."Thereasonforusingexoplanetsisthattherewasahugechangeinourscientificunderstandingin1995whenthefirstexoplanetaroundasun-likestarwasdiscovered.""Traditionallyinsciencefiction,mostlytherehavebeenEarth-likeplanets,"explainsPuranen."ButwhathaschangedsincethediscoveryofrealexoplanetsisthatthefictionalexoplanetshaveactuallybecomeabitlessEarth-like."Accordingtorealscience,manyexoplanetsareverydifferentfromEarthandoftennotinthe"Goldilockszone",whereconditionsarefriendliertolifeasweknowit."Icanguessthatmaybewritersofsciencefictionarereadingalltheseheadlinesaboutworldsthatarecoveredinlavaorwhereit'srainingdiamonds,whichyouseeinthemedia,"saysPuranen.Sciencefiction,inaway,reflectstheknowledgeanddiscoveriesofitstime.Thismakesitavaluabletoolforsciencecommunication.Itcanintroducepeopletonewscientificideasinaninterestingandunderstandableway.Thisresearchhighlightstheconnectionbetweenscientificdiscoveriesandcreativity.Whileexploringtheuniverse,sciencefictioncandevelopcuriosity(好奇心)andmakefurtherresearchpossible,makingthesubjectofexoplanetsanimportantexampleofhowscienceandimaginationimproveeachother.28．ThewritermentionedthemovieStarWarsto____.A．explainwhatanexoplanetislikeinahumorouswayB．presenttheresultofthelatestresearchaboutexoplanetsC．showaninterestingwayofsharingsciencewitheveryoneD．introduceapopularscientificmoviebyafamousdirector29．Howhassciencefictionchangedafterthediscoveryofthefirstexoplanet?A．ItgivesmoreattentiontoEarth.B．ItdescribestheEarthdifferently.C．Sciencefictionhaslostinterestinexplainingexoplanets.D．ExoplanetsinsciencefictionhavebecomelessEarth-like.30．Thewords"Goldilockszone"inParagraph6mostprobablymean____.A．aspacefoundonanexoplanetB．animportantpartofoursolarsystemC．anareawhichisgoodforscientificactivitiesD．aplacethatprovideslivingenvironmentforlife31．Thewriterprobablyagreesthat____.A．sciencefictionhasplayedanactivepartincommunicatingscienceB．scientificdiscoverieshaveslowedthedevelopmentofimaginationC．sciencefictionhasbecomelesspopularbecauseofscientificdiscoveriesD．newscientificdiscoverieshavemadesciencefictioneasiertounderstand四、阅读表达（共10分）阅读表达Didyouknowtomatoketchup,themostpopularsauce(酱),wasinventedinChina?Itdatesbackthousandsofyears.PeoplelivingalongthecoastsandriversofsouthernChinabegantomakethefirstketchupbysaltingandfermenting(发酵)fishandshrimp.Atfirst,thisearlyketchupwasknownonlyinsouthernChina.Afteraround200B．C．(HanDynasty),thefishsaucebecamepopularinthewholecountry,especiallyinaplacecalledFujian.There,thesaucegotthenameketchup,whichmeansfishsauceinHokkien,thelanguageofsouthernFujian.Later,peoplefromFujianbegantotraveltoplaceslikeIndonesia,wheretheybuiltfactoriesformakingtraditionalChinesesauceslikeketchup—andthat'swheretheBritishfirstdiscoveredit.Intheearly1600s,BritishsailorswhoweretravelingtoIndonesiabegantodevelopatasteforketchup.Theirfoodonshipswasboring,andketchupmadeittastebetter.Beforelong,theybroughtlotsofketchuphome.Butitwasexpensive,sotheBritishstartedtryingtomaketheirown.ALondoncookbookfrom1742hadaketchuprecipe(配方)withbeer,fish,mushrooms,andspices.Itwasinthemid-1800sthattheBritishstartedusingtomatoesinketchup.Thiswasdifferentfromthefishyketchup.Sincetomatoeswentbadfast,thecompany,Heinz,begantousevinegar(醋)inketchuptomakesureitcouldbestoredforalongtime.Inthelate1800s,ketchupproductionandpopularitybegantoriseinAmerica.So,themakersinAmericaincreasedketchupproduction,creatingrecipestosatisfyAmericans'taste.ItwasabitsweeterandthickerthanBritishketchup.Byaround1910,ketchupbegantolookliketheketchupweputonMcDonald'sfriestoday.However,therearealsosomedifferencesbetweentheketchupof1910andtoday.Intoday'sketchup,cornsyrup(玉米糖浆)isused,notsugar.What'smore,tomeetpeople'sneedsforahealthylifestyle,somecompaniesalsomakehealthieroneswithoutsugar.FromafishysauceinancientAsiatoa"goes-great-with-everything"sauce,ketchuphasalonghistoryfullofchanges.32．Whomadethefirstketchup?33．WhydidBritishsailorslikeketchup?34．Whendidketchupbegintolookliketheoneweeattoday?35．Fromafishysaucetotoday'sketchup,whatarethereasonsforchangingtheketchuprecipe?(Atleast3reasons)五、根据中文意思和英文提示词语写出句子。（共8分，每题2分）36．旅行之前做好准备很重要。（getready）（汉译英）37．老师总是鼓励我们参加课后活动。(after-classactivities)（汉译英）38．到目前为止，《猫和老鼠》（Tom&Jerry）已经流行八十多年了。（sofar）（汉译英）39．好朋友不仅能分享你的快乐，还能帮你解决问题。（notonly...butalso...）（汉译英）六、文段表达（10分）40．请根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于40词的文段写作。所给提示词语仅供选用。在我们的人生旅程中，"做更好的自己"是一个永恒的主题：从学习新技能到发展爱好，从建立友谊到学会担当，都是不断克服困难、自我提升的过程。假如你是李华，学校英文网站正在开展以"Beabetterme"为题目的征文活动。请你向网站投稿，分享一次经历。内容包括：什么使你成为了更好的自己，你经历了什么，你从中收获了什么。提示词语：confident，experience，nervous，grow，improve。提示问题：1.Whatmadeyou"abetteryou"?2.Whathappened?3.Whathaveyoulearnedfromit?Beabetterme七、选做题（共10分）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。HowtoWorkonYourSelf-esteem(自尊心)Ataboutsixyearsold,mymumwasbrushingmyhaironemorningbeforeschoolwhenIaskedheraquestion."AmIugly?"Iasked,lookingatherandmyreflectioninthemirrorbeforeme.Shesaidno,andaskedmewherethisquestionwascomingfrom.Itoldheraboyinmyclasshadcalledmeuglyontheplayground.ThatwasthefirsttimeIrememberfeelingbadaboutmyself.Butthatwasjustthebeginningofaverylongandtroubledrelationshipwithmyself.Thatboyontheplaygroundwasforfromthelastpersontocallmeugly.Hewascertainlynotthelastpersontomakemequestionmysenseofself.IknowI'mnotaloneinfeelingthisway,andyoumighthaveasimilarstoryaboutthefirsttimeyoueverwonderedaloudorquietlywhetherornotyouwere"ugly",whetheryouwere"notsmart",orwhetheryouwerea"badperson".Soherearesometips(建议)toanyonewhohaseverwonderedwhattodoaboutlong-lastinglowself-esteem.ChallengeyournegativethoughtsNegative(负面的)thoughtscanmakeyoubelievethatmanyoftheterriblethingsyou'vethoughtaboutyourselfaretrue.Everytimeyouthinkorsaysomethingnegativeaboutyourselfchallengeitbytellingyourselfofsomethingyoudidwellorsucceededin.Youshouldn'tbelieveeverythingyouthink.Ifyouoftenfindyourselfexpectingtheworst,youmightformawayofthinkingthatisn'tquiteright.Researcherssuggestpayingattentiontoyourwayofthinking,andthinkingitoveragainifyounoticeyou'reoftentoohardonyourself.KeepanachievementsjournalEveryday,writedownthethingsyoudidwellorachievedthatdayinyourjournal.Thiscouldbeanythingfromfinishingataskatworkplacetomakingyourownlunch—whateveryoufeelproudof.Youcanalsousethejournaltokeeptrack(追踪)ofdifferentfeelingsyou'reexperiencing,finallysteering(引导)itbacktosomepositives.Youcanwritedownafewthingsyoulikeaboutyourselfaswell.Itmayfeelstrangeatfirst,butyou'llfeelmorecomfortablewhenyoupractiseitmore.AvoidcomparingyourselftoothersIt'sreallyhardtoavoidcomparingyourselftoothers—especiallyifyouspendmuchtimeonsocialmedia.Ifyou'reworriedaboutsocialmedia'sinfluenceonyourself-esteem,unfollowwhatmakesyoufeelbadaboutyourself.Youshouldtellyourselfthatlifeisn'tacompetition.Everypersonisvaluableandhashisownsuccessesandfailings.Theonlypersonyouneedtocompareyourselftoisyou.41．Whydidthewriterfeelbadaboutherselfforthefirsttime?42．Whatdoesthewritersuggestwritinginajournaltodealwithlowself-esteem?43．①Whichtipdoyouthinkistheeasiestonetofollow?②Isthetipusefultopeoplewithlong-lastinglowself-esteem?Whyorwhynot?

答案解析部分1．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：史密斯夫人有两个孩子，她经常在星期天和他们一起打网球。A他，B他们，C你，D她，根据twokids，可知是them指代第三人称复数，故选B。

【点评】考查代词，注意识记them的用法。2．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：寒假的时候，我们一家坐飞机去了海南旅游。A在里面，B在上面，C乘坐，D到，根据plane，可知表示交通方式故用by，故选C。

【点评】考查介词，注意识记by+交通工具的用法。3．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：贝蒂和莉莉从13岁起就是朋友。A过去式，B一般现在时，C现在完成时，D一般将来时，根据sincetheywere13yearsold，可知是现在完成时标志，故选C。

【点评】考查时态，注意识记现在完成时的用法。4．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：——爸爸，这件黑色衬衫摸起来很柔软。你想试穿一下吗？——不用了，谢谢。我更喜欢浅色。A：唱起来，B：听上去，C：闻上去，D：感觉，根据soft，可知是摸起来很柔软，故选D。

【点评】考查感官动词，注意识记feels的用法。5．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——蒂姆，你现在必须走了，不然你上课就要迟到了。——好的，妈妈。我现在就走。A或者，B但是，C并且，D所以，这是祈使句+or+将来时的用法，表示提醒或警告，故选A。

【点评】考查连词，注意识记祈使句+or+将来时的用法。6．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：——您多久为家人做饭一次？——大约一周两次​​。A：多长时间，B：多少，修饰不可数名词，C：多久一次，D：多少，修饰名词复数，根据Abouttwiceaweek，可知提问频率用how

often，故选C。

【点评】考查疑问词辨析，注意识记Howoften的用法。7．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：我拒绝吃一切油炸食品因为我想保持健康。eat吃，动词。A动词原形，B不定式，C动名词，D过去式，refusetodo，固定搭配，拒绝做某事，故用不定式，故选B。

【点评】考查不定式，注意识记refusetodo的用法。8．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——山姆，你还没收拾桌子呢。太乱了！——抱歉，我马上收拾。clear清理，动词。A现在完成时，B过去进行时，C将来时，D一般现在时，yet是现在完成时否定句标志，故选A。

【点评】考查时态，注意识记现在完成时的用法。9．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：20世纪30年代，作家花了几个月的时间才完成《红星照耀中国》一书。take花费，动词。A单三式，B将来时，C现在完成时，D过去时，根据inthe1930s，可知时态是一般过去时，故选D。

【点评】考查时态，注意识记根据句确定时态和一般过去时的用法。10．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：——你知道我们什么时候参观科学博物馆吗？——下周日上午。宾语从句语序是疑问词+陈述句的语序，故排除A和C，根据回答NextSundaymorning，可知时态是一般将来时，故选B。

【点评】考查宾语从句，注意识记疑问词+陈述句的语序，时态的用法。【答案】11．C；12．A；13．B；14．A；15．D；16．B；17．D；18．A；19．C；20．D【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了萨姆在海边捡到一个漂亮的贝壳，等到萨姆带它回家后才发现它是一只寄居蟹，萨姆最终决定将它放归大海。

【点评】考查完形填空，注意瞻前顾后，寻找线索：在填空时，要注意前后文的联系，寻找线索，避免孤立地看待每个空格。可以通过寻找同义词、近义词、反义词等来确定答案。11．句意：当萨姆和他的奶奶站在沙滩上看日出时，一个完美的贝壳被冲到了岸上。drove开车；swam游泳；washed冲刷；pointed指向。根据下文"Samquicklypickeditup"可知，此处指贝壳被冲上岸。故选C。12．句意：萨姆自豪地向家人展示他的宝贝。proudly自豪地；shyly害羞地；secretly秘密地；politely礼貌地。结合选项和空后的"histreasure"可知，萨姆很喜欢这个贝壳，把它当做宝贝，所以此处应指他自豪地向家人展示他的宝贝。故选A。13．句意：第二天，萨姆把贝壳放在他们小屋的架子上，然后和家人去了海边的木板路。found发现；left留下；lost丢失；threw扔。根据空后的"theshellontheshelf"可知，此处表示萨姆把贝壳留在了架子上。故选B。14．句意：在木板路上，萨姆看到了出售的贝壳，但是没有一个像他的贝壳一样特别。special特别的；big大的；clean干净的；strong强壮的。根据下文"Backatthecottage,herantohisroomtoadmire(欣赏)theshell."可知，此处表示萨姆认为出售的贝壳都没有他捡到的那个贝壳那么特别，所以他回到木屋就跑去欣赏他的贝壳。故选A。15．句意：谁在乎你无聊的贝壳？perfect完美的；valuable宝贵的；dangerous危险的；boring无聊的。根据上文"shoutedVikram"可知，维克拉姆很生气，所以他用于形容贝壳的词应该带有贬义，选项中只有boring符合语境。故选D。16．句意：在每个人最后一次去海滩之前，他检查了他的宝贝两次。shelf架子；treasure宝贝；surprise惊讶；picture图片。根据上文"Sam...showedhistreasuretohisfamily."和"Samdidn'tsayawordbutquietlyhidtheshellunderhisclothesinadrawer."可知，此处表示萨姆检查了他的贝壳两次，是把贝壳当做他的宝贝。故选B。17．句意：晚餐时，萨姆研究了他的家人。expected期待；noticed注意到；believed相信；studied研究。根据下文"Hethoughtsomeonewashidinghisshell.Who?Andwhy?"可知，萨姆认为是家里的某个人藏起了他的贝壳，他在思考是哪个家人以及他这么做的原因，所以此处表示他在研究他的家人。故选D。18．句意：里面粉红色的贝壳现在有了向门跑去的腿。legs腿；hands手；ears耳朵；eyes眼睛。根据空后的"thatracedforthedoor"可知，此处指腿。故选A。19．句意：萨姆记得他的贝壳是如何被海水冲上来的。regretted后悔；imagined想象；remembered记得；discovered发现。结合选项和"Sam...howhisshellhadwashedupfromtheocean."可知，此处表示萨姆记得他的贝壳是如何被海水冲上来的。故选C。20．句意：我得归还一份礼物。send寄；receive收到；offer提供；return归还。根据上文"Itisagiftfromthesea"和"Grandma,willyoucometothebeachwithmeagain?"可推知，萨姆打算把他捡到的寄居蟹放回大海，而他的奶奶曾说过这是来自大海的礼物，所以此处表示归还一份礼物。故选D。【答案】21．B；22．D；23．C【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了关于打篮球、太空、倾听和朋友关系这四本书，根据人物喜好来匹配书籍。

【点评】考查配对阅读，注意快速阅读：在完成一篇文章后，迅速浏览下一篇文章，寻找与上一篇文章相关的信息。这样可以提高做题效率。21．根据"Iwanttolearnabout…whohaveexplored(探索)theuniverse."可知，Tony想要读的书是关于探索宇宙的，因此"B.SPACE"中的"Inthisbook,anastronautnamedTimPeaketellstheirstories."与之相匹配。故选B。22．根据"Ienjoystoriesaboutfriendshipandpersonalgrowth."可知，Betty想要读的书是关于朋友之间的故事，因此"D.ROLLERGIRL"中的"theylearnthattruefriendscheereachotheronwhiletryingnewactivities."与之相匹配。故选D。23．根据"Iaminterestedinmusicandlovereadingstoriesaboutmusicians."可知，Lily想要的书是关于音乐的，因此"C.LISTEN"中的"Shediscoveredanewwaytohearandmadebeautifulmusic."与之相匹配。故选C。【答案】24．D25．A26．C27．D【解析】【分析】本文讲述了皮特利用等公交车的九分钟，和朋友一起在等车的地方捡垃圾、拔草和画壁画，把那个脏的地方变成一个漂亮干净的地方。

【点评】考查阅读理解，注意回到原文找答案：在回答问题时，要回到原文中寻找答案，尽量选择与原文一致的选项。24．细节理解题。根据"Inthepast,itwasn'tafunorpleasantplace.Therewasnowherenicetowalkandthepatchnexttothestationwaslitteredwithtrash(垃圾)."可知，公交车站周围不是一个令人愉快的地方，因为有很多垃圾，故选D。25．细节理解题。根据"Thennextweek,Petebegantopullweeds(杂草).Oneofhisfriendscametohelp.Soonthepatchwaslookinggood,"可知，Peter和朋友一起拔草，使那小块地方看起来更漂亮，故选A。26．推理判断题。根据"Thatweek,hefilledhisnineminuteseachdaybypickingupthetrash."可知，皮特在那小块地方捡垃圾，让那里看起来很干净，因此他是愿意帮忙的。根据"Petehadanidea.Hepaintedamural(壁画)tocoverthedirtywords."可知，皮特有了一个主意，他画了一幅壁画来掩盖那些脏话，因此他富有创造性。故选C。27．推理判断题。本文讲述了皮特通过自己的行动让一个脏的地方看起来很漂亮，因此D项"一点点行动让世界更美好"符合，故选D。【答案】28．C29．D30．D31．A【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了外行星的发现改变了科幻小说，而科幻小说以一种方式反映了其时代的知识和发现，这使其成为传播科学的宝贵工具。

【点评】考查阅读理解，注意学习解题技巧：学习一些解题技巧和方法，如速读、寻读、略读等，可以提高阅读效率和准确率。28．推理判断题。根据第二段"Youcouldstartwithcomplex(复杂的)picturesandfacts,oryoucouldwatchthemovieStarWarswhereLukeSkywalkerseestwosunsfromhishomeplanet,Tatooine.Whichwillmoreeasilyawakentheinterestofasleepyhighschoolclass?"可知，你可以从复杂的图片和事实开始，或者你也可以看电影《星球大战》。哪个更容易唤醒昏昏欲睡的高中生的兴趣？由此推知，作者提起《星球大战》是为了展示一种分享科学的有趣的方式。故选C。29．细节理解题。根据第五段"ButwhathaschangedsincethediscoveryofrealexoplanetsisthatthefictionalexoplanetshaveactuallybecomeabitlessEarth-like."可知，自从发现外行星，科幻小说中的外行星就不再像地球了。故选D。30．词义猜测题。根据第六段"Accordingtorealscience,manyexoplanetsareverydifferentfromEarthandoftennotinthe‘Goldilockszone',whereconditionsarefriendliertolifeasweknowit."可知，Goldilockszone是指一种地区，那里的条件对我们所知的生命更友好，结合选项可知，Goldilockszone可能意为"为生命提供生存环境的地方"。故选D。31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Sciencefiction,inaway,reflectstheknowledgeanddiscoveriesofitstime.Thismakesitavaluabletoolforsciencecommunication.Itcanintroducepeopletonewscientificideasinaninterestingandunderstandableway."可知，在某种程度上，科幻小说反映了当时的知识和发现，这使得它成为传播科学的宝贵工具，它能以有趣和易懂的方式向人们介绍新的科学思想。由此推知，作者认为科幻小说在传播科学方面发挥了积极的作用。故选A。【答案】32．PeoplelivingalongthecoastsandriversofsouthernChina.33．Becausetheirfoodonshipswasboring,andketchupmadeittastebetter.34．Byaround1910.35．Theketchuprecipewaschangedtomakeitlessexpensiveforlocalpeople,helppeoplestoreitforalongertime,andsatisfydifferentpeople'stastes.【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了番茄酱的由来及发展。

【点评】考查任务型阅读，关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。32．根据"PeoplelivingalongthecoastsandriversofsouthernChinabegantomakethefirstketchupbysaltingandfermenting(发酵)fishandshrimp."可知，生活在中国南方沿海和河流沿岸的人们开始通过腌制和发酵鱼虾来制作第一种番茄酱。故填PeoplelivingalongthecoastsandriversofsouthernChina。33．根据"Intheearly1600s,BritishsailorswhoweretravelingtoIndonesiabegantodevelopatasteforketchup.Theirfoodonshipswasboring,andketchupmadeittastebetter."可知，他们船上的食物单调无味，番茄酱让食物味道更好。故填Becausetheirfoodonshipswasboring,andketchupmadeittastebetter。34．根据"Byaround1910,ketchupbegantolookliketheketchupweputonMcDonald'sfriestoday."可知，直到1910年前后，番茄桨才开始看起来像我们今天吃到的样子。故填Byaround1910。35．根据"Butitwasexpensive,sotheBritishstartedtryingtomaketheirown.ALondoncookbookfrom1742hadaketchuprecipe(配方)withbeer,fish,mushrooms,andspices."、"Sincetomatoeswentbadfast,thecompany,Heinz,begantousevinegar(醋)inketchuptomakesureitcouldbestoredforalongtime."和"So,themakersinAmericaincreasedketchupproduction,creatingrecipestosatisfyAmericans'taste."可知，番茄酱的配方被改变了，使其对当地人来说更便宜，帮助人们储存更长的时间，并满足不同人的口味。故填Theketchuprecipewaschangedtomakeitlessexpensiveforlocalpeople,helppeoplestoreitforalongertime,andsatisfydifferentpeople'stastes。36．【答案】It'simportanttogetreadyforthetripbeforetraveling.【解析】【分析】做某事很重要，it'simportanttodo，为某事做准备，getreadyfor，旅行，trip，名词，之前，before，介词，旅行，travel，动词，介词后用动名词，故答案为It'simportanttogetreadyforthetripbeforetraveling。

【点评】考查汉译英，注意识记it'simportanttodo，getreadyfor，动名词的用法。37．【答案】Ourteacheralwaysencouragesustotakepartinafter-classactivities.【解析】【分析】鼓励某人做某事，encouragesbtodo，我们we，这里要用宾格us，总是，always，是一般现在时标志，我们的老师，ourteacher，主语，是第三人称单数，故用单三式，参加，takepartin，固定搭配，课后活动，after-classactivities，故答案为Ourteacheralwaysencouragesustotakepartinafter-classactivities。

【点评】考查汉译英，注意识记一般现在时，主谓一致，不定式的用法。38．【答案】Sofar,Tom&Jerryhasbeenpopularforover80years.【解析】【分析】到目前为止，sofar，是现在完成时的标志词，其结构为have/has+动词过去分词，是，be，主语《猫和老鼠》，Tom&Jerry，是名词单数，故用助动词has，be的过去分词是been，流行的，popular，八十多年了，forover80years，是一段时间，故答案为Sofar,Tom&Jerryhasbeenpopularforover80years.。

【点评】考查汉译英，注意识记现在完成时，主谓一致的用法。39．【答案】Goodfriendsnotonlyshareyourhappiness,butalsohelpyousolveproblems.【解析】【分析】好朋友，goodfriends，名词复数表示泛指做主语，分享，share，动词，帮助，help，动词，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是复数，故用动词原形，不但而且，notonly...butalso...，并列连词，你，you，宾格，帮助某人做某事，helpsbdosth，决绝问题，solveproblems，名词复数表示泛指，故答案为Goodfriendsnotonlyshareyourhappiness,butalsohelpyousolveproblems。

【点评】考查汉译英，注意识记notonly...butalso...，一般现在时，主谓一致的用法。40．【答案】BeabettermeTherewasanexperiencethathelpedmegrowup.WhenIwas13yearsold,myclasschosemetotakepartintheschoolspeechcompetition.IwassonervousandunsureofmyabilitiesthatIwantedtogiveup.However,withtheencouragementofmyclassteacher,Idecidedtotakeonthechallengeandworkedhardtoprepareforit.Duringthepreparation,Ibecamemo