黑龙江省哈尔滨香坊区五校联考2025年英语七下期中学业水平测试试题含答案

黑龙江省哈尔滨香坊区五校联考2025年英语七下期中学业水平测试试题满分120分，时间90分钟一、单项选择（共10小题，满分20分）1、Bettyisgoing________apianolesson.A.have B.tohave C.has D.having2、—Doesthisbusgotothebeach?—No.You________thewrongway.YoushouldtakeNo.1Bus.A.go B.aregoing C.went D.willgo3、—Springiscominganditismyfavouriteseason.—Look!Manybirdsare________butthenumberofthem________unknown.A.onthetree;are B.onthetree;is C.inthetree;are D.inthetree;is4、—Thegirlscancleantheirroomby________.—Theyareallgoodgirls.A.they B.their C.them D.themselves5、—Idon’tlikemath________it’ssodifficultforme.—OK.Isee.A.but B.so C.because6、—IwillgoonatriptoShanghaithissummerholiday.—__________A.I’dloveto. B.Don’tworry. C.Haveagoodtime. D.Youarewelcome.7、It’samusicfestival.Look,some______aredancingoverthere.A.nineyearsoldgirls B.nine-year-oldgirlC.nine-year-oldgirls D.nineyearsoldgirl8、It’sJune1st,it’s________Day.A.Children’s B.Childrens’ C.Childrens’s9、Thestudentshave________homeworktodoeveryday.A.toomany B.toomuch C.muchtoo D.manytoo10、—CanIhelpyou?—I’mlookingfor________wallet.A.a B.an C.the二、完成句子（共5小题，满分10分）11、Thekoalascomefrom________(澳大利亚).12、我一走进房间，我的宠物狗Charlie就叫了。_________________Iwentintotheroom,mypetdogCharlie______.13、别人祝你新年快乐，你可以这样回答：_____________________________________________________________________14、—Aretheseyour________(photo)?—No,theyaren’t.15、Mymumdoesn’t________metogooutsidealone.A.stop B.allow C.take三、补全对话（10分）16、

请通读下面对话，根据对话内容，从下面的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。A:Hello?ThisisKate.B:Hi,Kate.It’sLily.____1____A:I’mswimmingintheswimmingclub.B:____2____A:MycousinLisa.B:TomorrowisSunday.Areyoufreetomorrow?____3____A:Soundsgood.Howwillyougothere?B:____4____Whataboutyou?A:Iwillwalk.____5____B:Well.Let’smeetinfrontofthecenterat9:00a.m.A:OK.Seeyoutomorrow.B:Seeyouthen.A.Iwilltakethebus.B.Myhomeisnotfarfromthere.C.Whendoyouusuallygothere?D.Whatareyoudoingnow?E.Let’sgototheshoppingcenter.F.Whoareyouswimmingwith?四、阅读理解（40分）17、ComeandjoinusfortheschoolconcertnextWednesday!DellaIcanplaydifferentpianomusicandIcanevenwritesome.Wewant:Threehosts(主持人)•GoodatrememberingthingsEricIcanrememberthingsfast.I’minmanyschoolclubs,soIknowmanystudentsinallgrades.•WelcomeinschoolFivesingers•Goodatsinging(歌手)FloraIamintheSingingClub.IlovesingingandIcanalsodance!Ican’twaittoputonmynewconcertdress.•HavingclothesforaconcertTwopianoplayers•Readytoplayatanytime•KnowingaboutdifferentmusicTojoinus,pleaseemailMrJohnsonatschoolconcert@beforethisFriday.February2,2011.Therewillbeaschoolconcert________.A.thisWednesday B.thisFriday C.nextWednesday D.nextFriday2.Howmanysingersdotheywant?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.3.Theywantpianoplayerswho________.A.knowaboutdifferentkindsofmusic B.canwritemusicfortheconcertC.aregoodatrememberingmusic D.cansingsongswhentheyplaythepiano4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Floracansingbutshecan’tdance. B.DellaisintheSingingClubatschool.C.Ericdoesn’tknowmanystudentsatschool. D.Florahasanewdressfortheconcert.5.Whatjobcanthethreestudentsdo?Pleasematch(匹配)thejobswiththeirnames.(A)hosts(B)singers(C)pianoplayers(D)Della(E)Eric(F)FloraA.(A)—(E);(B)—(D);(C)—(F) B.(A)—(E);(B)—(F);(C)—(D)C.(A)—(D);(B)—(E);(C)—(F) D.(A)—(D);(B)—(F);(C)—(E)18、Oneday,afoxwaswalkingthroughthewoods（树林）whenhesawsometastygrapeshangingfromabranch（树枝）highabovehim.Hewasquitehungry.First,thefoxtriedtojumpintheairandgrabthegrapes.Butwitheachjump,hewasjustinches（英寸）awayfromgettingthegrapes.Ashejumpedandjumped,hewasgettingfartherandfartherawayfromthegrapes.Afterashortrest,hetriedtakingafewstepsbackanddoingarunningjumpatthegrapes—butagain,hecouldnotreachthem.Heeventriedtoclimbthetreetoreachthegrapes,buthispaws（爪子）weren’tstrongenoughforhimtopullhimselfupthetree.Howhewishedhehadthesamepawsasamonkey!Hesatandlookedatthegrapesangrily.Justthen,abearhappenedtowalkbythefox.Hesawthefoxlookingatthegrapes.Thefoxturnedtohimandsaid,“Nevermind.Thosegrapesprobablydon’ttastegoodanyway.”Andwiththat,heturnedoncemoreandleft.Thebearreachedup,grabbedthegrapesandatethem.Theywere,ofcourse,quitedelicious.“Whynotaskmeforhelp?”thebearthought.1.AccordingtoParagraph1&2,whichofthefollowingshowstherightorder?a.Thefoxtriedtojumpandgrabthegrapes.b.Afoxsawsometastygrapesinthewoods.c.Hewasgettingfartherawayfromthegrapes.d.Afterashortrest,hetriedagainbutcouldnotreach.A.a—b—c—d B.b—c—a—d C.c—b—a—d D.b—a—c—d2.Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2refersto_______.A.thepaws B.thegrapes C.thesteps D.thefoxes3.Afterthefoxtriedclimbingthetree,howdidhefeel?A.Happy. B.Excited C.Angry. D.Sad.4.Thefoxsaid“Thosegrapesprobablydon’ttastegoodanyway.”because__________.A.hecouldnothavethegrapes B.hewantedtohelpthebearC.hewantedtoeatsomethingelse D.hehadnevereatengrapesbefore5.Whatlessonmightthebearlearnfromthefox?A.Notallthingsinlifearefree.B.Learntoaskforhelpwhenyouneedit.C.Whenyouthinkyoufailed,tryonelasttime.D.It’seasytobeangryatsomethingyoucan’thave.19、PaulisfromCanada.He’samiddleschoolstudent.He’sfourteenyearsold.Whatdoeshelooklike?Heistallandhasbrownhairandbigeyes.HissisterisAnn.She’sastudent,too.Buttheyaren’tinthesameschool.She’sofmediumheightbutalittlethinwithlongcurlyhair.Paul’sfatherworksinabank.He’sofmediumbuildwithapairofglasses.Paul’smotherisanurse,andworksinahospital.Shehasshortcurlyhairandlooksyoung.NowtheyareonavacationinBeijing.It’ssunnythesedays.Paullikessunnydays.Theyenjoytheirtripverymuch.TheythinkChinaisagreatcountryandtheylikeChinesefoodbest.TheyalsoenjoylisteningtoBeijingOpera.TomorrowtheyaregoingtodrivetothenorthofBeijing.TheywanttovisittheGreatWall.Paulsaysitmustbeveryinterestingtoclimbit.1.WheredoesPaulcomefrom?A.China. B.America. C.Canada. D.Australia.2.WhatdoesPaul’smotherlooklike?A.Shelooksyoungwithshortcurlyhair.B.Shelooksyoungwithlongcurlyhair.C.She’sofmediumheightbutalittlethin.D.She’sofmediumbuildwithapairofglasses.3.Theunderlinedword“nurse”means“________”inChinese.A.厨师 B.护士 C.快递员 D.清洁工4.HowaretheygoingtotheGreatWall?A.Bybus. B.Bysubway. C.Bybike. D.Bycar.5.WhatdotheyNOTdoinBeijing?A.VisittheGreatWall. B.EatChinesefood.C.Gotohospital. D.ListentoBeijingOpera20、电视、收音机和照相机的手机。你可以拍出非常漂亮的照片。”与之对应，故选C。【4题详解】根据“Danielisinterestedinrobots”可知是机器人的相关信息，选项B“观点——一个真正的机器人可以在你孤独的时候与你交谈。当你生病时，机器人可以照顾你。了解更多关于未来机器人的知识。”与之对应，故选B。【5题详解】根据“ShefindsthatshealwayshasproblemsinreadingEnglishpassages.”可知是英文阅读时遇到的问题，选项F“语言实验室——英语阅读或翻译中存在的问题？这是一个不错的选择。”与之对应，故选F。五、完形填空（10分）21、

通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。Myuncleandhisfamilieswillcometovisitusthissummerholiday.Myfatherwantstotake___1___aroundGuangzhouatthattime.Heasksmetomakea___2___forthisone-daytrip.Wearegoingto___3___thetripfromBaiyunMountainateightinthemorning.WecanenjoythewholecityofGuangzhouinthe___4___mountain.Thenwe’llvisitthetraditionalbuilding,ChenClanAcademy(陈家祠).ItisoneofthebestexamplesofthestyleofLingnanBuildings,___5___lotsofpeoplecomehereforavisiteveryyear.Inthe___6___,wewillgoshoppingonBeijingRoad.Wecan___7___someclothes,shoesoranythingelsethere.Themostwonderfultimewillbetheevening.WewillgoonthePearlRiverNight(珠江夜游)___8___.Ontheboat,we’llgo___9___sometallbuildings,andwe’llseetheWhiteSwanPond,XinghaiMusicHall,theCantonTowerandsoon.Itwillbewonderfulto___10___aboutthecitywitholdageandmodernparts.That’sgreat.Ican’twait.1.A.them B.him C.her D.me2.A.trip B.way C.plan D.holiday3.A.walk B.start C.end D.finish4.A.high B.heavy C.long D.big5.A.and B.or C.because D.but6.A.morning B.afternoon C.evening D.night7.A.leave B.buy C.win D.take8.A.carefully B.tiredly C.sadly D.happily9.A.across B.past C.above D.on10.A.talk B.learn C.write D.hear六、阅读表达（10分）22、To:LiLeiFrom:DanielDate:June20th,2022Subject:MySchoolLifeHi,LiLei!MynameisDaniel.IamastudentinNo.5MiddleSchool.Therearemanyclubsinourschool.Wecanjoindifferentclubs.Ilikemusic,andIamgoodalsinginganddancing.SoIwanttojointhemusicclub.Whataboutmyfriends?JennyandJessicaaremyfriends.Jennyisanicegirl.Herhobbyisplayingchess.Shethinksitcanmakehersmart.DoyouknowJessica’shobby?Herfavoritesportisswimming.Butshedoesn’twanttojointheswimmingclub.Shewantstojointhemusicclub,becauseshewantstobeinthesameclubwithme.Evanisalsomyfriend.HelikesChinesealotandbewantstojointheChineseclub.HewishestogototheGreatWallsomeday.Healwayssays,“Hewhodoesntreach(到达)theGreatWallisnotatrueman.”Bestwishes!Daniel1.WhomdoesDanielwritetheemailto?________________________________________________________________2.WhichclubdoesDanielwanttojoin?________________________________________________________________3.WhatisJenny’shobby?________________________________________________________________4.WhydoesJessicawanttojointhemusicclub?________________________________________________________________5.WheredoesEvanwanttogo?________________________________________________________________七、书面表达（20分）

假设你是LiLei，请你用英文给Daniel写一封60词左右的回信，向他介绍一下你的学校生活。内容包括：DearDaniel,Iamveryhappytohearfromyou.Letmetellyousomethingaboutmyschoollife._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiLei

参考答案一、单项选择（共10小题，满分20分）1、B【解析】【详解】句意：贝蒂要上一节钢琴课。考查一般将来时结构。begoingtodosth“打算做某事”，此空应填tohave，故选B。2、B【解析】【详解】句意：——这辆公共汽车去海滩吗？——不。你走错路了。你应该乘1路公交车。考查动词时态。根据“You...thewrongway.YoushouldtakeNo.1Bus.”可知，空处是指走错路了，强调现在正在走的路是错的，用现在进行时，主语you后接are+doing。故选B。3、D【解析】【详解】句意：——春天来了，它是我最喜欢的季节。——看！许多鸟在树上，但是它们的数量不知道。考查介词短语和主谓一致。onthetree在树上，是指自身生长的事物；inthetree在树上，是指外来的事物；are是，主语为复数；is是，主语为单数。根据“Manybirds”许多鸟可知，是外来的事物，要用inthetree，故排除A、B选项；又因为“thenumberofthem”指它们的数量，作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式is，故选D。4、D【解析】【详解】句意：——女孩们可以自己打扫房间。——她们都是好女孩。考查代词辨析。they她们，主格；their她们的，形容词性物主代词；them她们，宾格；themselves她们自己，反身代词。byoneself意为“单独地，靠自己地”，所以此处应用反身代词themselves，故选D。5、C【解析】【详解】句意：——我不喜欢数学，因为它对我来说太难了。——好的，我明白了。考查连词。but但是，表示转折；so因此，所以，表示结果；because因为，表示原因。“it’ssodifficultforme”是“Idon’tlikemath”的原因，故用because引导原因状语从句，故选C。6、C【解析】【详解】句意：——这个暑假我将去上海旅行。——祝你玩得愉快。考查情景交际。I’dloveto我很乐意；Don’tworry别担心；Haveagoodtime祝你玩得愉快；Youarewelcome不客气。根据“IwillgoonatriptoShanghaithissummerholiday.”可知对于对方要出去旅行表示祝愿。故选C。7、C【解析】【详解】句意：它是一个音乐节日。看，一些九岁的女孩子正在那边跳舞。考查定语。nineyearsold九岁，作表语；nine-year-old九岁的，作定语。girl名词前应该用定语nine-year-old，some后接可数名词复数。故选C。8、A【解析】【详解】句意：今天是六月一日，是儿童节。考查专有名词。根据“It’sJune1st,it’s...Day.”及选项可知，此处指儿童节；Children’sDay“儿童节”，专有名词。故选A。9、B【解析】【详解】句意：这些学生们每天都有太多的家庭作业要做。考查形容词和副词短语词义辨析。toomany太多，修饰可数名词；toomuch太多，修饰不可数名词；muchtoo太，修饰形容词或副词；manytoo为错误搭配。空格后单词homework是不可数名词，所以用toomuch修饰。故选B。10、A【解析】【详解】句意：——我可以帮助你吗？——我在找一个钱包。考查冠词用法。根据“I’mlookingfor...wallet.”可知，此处表示泛指一个钱包，且wallet是辅音音素开头的单词，空处用不定冠词a。故选A。二、完成句子（共5小题，满分10分）11、Australia【解析】【详解】句意：考拉来自澳大利亚。根据提示可知应为Australia，国家名，故填Australia。12、①.As②.soon③.as④.barked【解析】【详解】“一……就”assoonas，引导时间状语从句；“（狗）叫”bark。根据“went”可知用一般过去时，bark的过去式为barked。故填As；soon；as；barked。13、Thesametoyou.【解析】【详解】当他人祝贺我新年快乐，我可以这样说：“你也一样。”英文表达为Thesametoyou。故填Thesametoyou.14、photos【解析】【详解】句意：——这些是你的照片吗？——不，它们不是。根据“Arethese”可知照片不止一张，用复数，photo的复数形式photos。故填photos。15、B【解析】【详解】句意：我妈妈不允许我一个人出去。考查动词辨析。stop停止；allow允许；take带走。根据“gooutsidealone.”可知是不允许单独出门，故选B。三、补全对话（10分）16、1.D2.F3.E4.A5.B【解析】【导语】本文主要是两人相约明天去购物中心。【1题详解】根据“I’mswimmingintheswimmingclub.”可知此处询问对方正在做什么，选项D“你现在正在做什么”符合语境。故选D。【2题详解】根据“MycousinLisa.”可知此处询问和谁在游泳，选项F“你和谁在游泳”符合语境。故选F。【3题详解】根据“Areyoufreetomorrow”以及“Soundsgood”可知此处是建议明天做什么，选项E“让我们去购物中心吧”符合语境。故选E。【4题详解】根据“Howwillyougothere”可知此处回答交通方式，选项A“我乘坐公交车”符合语境。故选A。【5题详解】根据“Iwillwalk”可知家离那里不远，所以要走路去，选项B“我家离那儿不远”符合语境。故选B。四、阅读理解（40分）17、1.C2.D3.A4.D5.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了校园音乐会三个不同的工作所需人员的数量及相关要求，和三名学生各自的特长。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“ComeandjoinusfortheschoolconcertnextWednesday!”可知，来和我们一起参加下周三的校园音乐会吧。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Wewant:Fivesingers”可知，音乐会需要5名歌手。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据“Wewant:TwopianoplayersReadytoplayatanytimeKnowingaboutdifferentmusic”可知，音乐会需要2名钢琴演奏者，要求：随时准备表演，了解不同的音乐，可推测他们想要了解不同种类音乐的钢琴演奏者。故选A。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据“Flora...Ican’twaittoputonmynewconcertdress.”可知，Flora想要穿上她的新音乐会礼服，可推测Flora为音乐会准备了一件新礼服。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据“ThreehostsGoodatrememberingthings”，“FivesingersGoodatsingingHavingclothesforaconcert”，“TwopianoplayersReadytoplayatanytimeKnowingaboutdifferentmusic”，“DellaIcanplaydifferentpianomusic...”，“EricIcanrememberthingsfast.”和“Flora...IlovesingingandIcanalsodance!Ican’twaittoputonmynewconcertdress.”可知，主持人需要擅长记忆；歌手需要擅长唱歌并且为音乐会准备了衣服；钢琴演奏者需要随时可以表演并且了解不同的音乐；Della可以弹奏不同的钢琴曲；Eric可以记得很快；Flora喜欢唱歌，想要穿她的新音乐会礼服，可推测Flora为音乐会准备了新礼服；即三个工作与三名学生的配对应为：(A)hosts与(E)Eric匹配；(B)singers与(F)Flora匹配；(C)pianoplayers与(D)Della匹配。故选B。18、1.D2.B3.C4.A5.B【解析】【导语】本文讲述了狐狸想吃树林里的葡萄，但是葡萄太高了，他跳了很多次都无法够到葡萄，这时一头熊来了，狐狸告诉熊葡萄不好吃就走开了，熊很轻松地拿到了葡萄并想为什么狐狸不向他求助。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“afoxwaswalkingthroughthewoods（树林）whenhesawsometastygrapeshangingfromabranch（树枝）highabovehim.”可知，狐狸看到树林里的一些葡萄，所以b排第一，根据“First,thefoxtriedtojumpintheairandgrabthegrapes.”可知，狐狸先是努力跳到空中去够葡萄，所以a排第二，根据“Ashejumpedandjumped,hewasgettingfartherandfartherawayfromthegrapes.”可知，他越跳就离葡萄越远，所以c排第三，根据“Afterashortrest,hetriedtakingafewstepsbackanddoingarunningjumpatthegrapes—butagain,hecouldnotreachthem.”可知，短暂休息之后，他再次尝试但还是失败了，所以d排最后，故选D。【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据“Afterashortrest,hetriedtakingafewstepsbackanddoingarunningjumpatthegrapes—butagain,hecouldnotreachthem.”可知，短暂休息之后，他再次尝试够葡萄但还是失败了，所以“them”指代的是“葡萄”，故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“Heeventriedtoclimbthetreetoreachthegrapes,buthispaws（爪子）weren’tstrongenoughforhimtopullhimselfupthetree.Howhewishedhehadthesamepawsasamonkey!Hesatandlookedatthegrapesangrily.”可知，狐狸想尝试爬树，但是他又没有猴子那样的爪子，所以他感到生气，故选C。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据“Nevermind.Thosegrapesprobablydon’ttastegoodanyway.”可知，狐狸这么说的原因是他没有吃到葡萄，所以就安慰自己说那些葡萄不好吃，故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据“Theywere,ofcourse,quitedelicious.‘Whynotaskmeforhelp?’thebearthought.”可知，狐狸如果向熊求助的话，那会和熊就都可以吃到葡萄，所以从狐狸身上学到的是：当你需要帮助时，学会寻求帮助。故选B。19、1.C2.A3.B4.D5.C【解析】【导语】本文讲述了保罗的个人信息，他及他的家人的外貌和职业。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“PaulisfromCanada.”可知保罗来自加拿大。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Shehasshortcurlyhairandlooksyoung.”可知保罗妈妈留着短卷发，看起来很年轻。故选A。【3题详解】词句猜测题。根据“Paul’smotherisanurse,andworksinahospital.”可知保罗妈妈在医院工作，可推知“nurse”意为“护士”。故选B。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据“TomorrowtheyaregoingtodrivetothenorthofBeijing.TheywanttovisittheGreatWall.”可知是开车去长城。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据“Theyenjoytheirtripverymuch.TheythinkChinaisagreatcountryandtheylikeChinesefoodbest.TheyalsoenjoylisteningtoBeijingOpera.TomorrowtheyaregoingtodrivetothenorthofBeijing.TheywanttovisittheGreatWall.”可知他们在北京吃了中国菜、听京剧以及参观长城，未提及去医院。故选C。20、电视、收音机和照相机的手机。你可以拍出非常漂亮的照片。”与之对应，故选C。【4题详解】根据“Danielisinterestedinrobots”可知是机器人的相关信息，选项B“观点——一个真正的机器人可以在你孤独的时候与你交谈。当你生病时，机器人可以照顾你。了解更多关于未来机器人的知识。”与之对应，故选B。【5题详解】根据“ShefindsthatshealwayshasproblemsinreadingEnglishpassages.”可知是英文阅读时遇到的问题，选项F“语言实验室——英语阅读或翻译中存在的问题？这是一个不错的选择。”与之对应，故选F。五、完形填空（10分）21、1.A2.C3.B4.A5.A6.B7.B8.D9.B10.B【解析】【导语】本文是作者为叔叔一家人做的广州一日游的计划。【1题详解】句意：那时我爸爸想带他们游览广州。them他们；him他；her她；me我。此空指代上文提到的“Myuncleandhisfamilies”，用复数人称代词them，故选A。【2题详解】句意：他让我为这次一日游指定一个计划。trip旅行；way方法；plan计划；holiday假期。根据下文的描述可知，是为这次旅游做计划，故选C。【3题详解】句意：我们打算早上八点从白云山开始旅行。walk步行；start开始；end结束；finish结束。根据“Wearegoingto…thetripfromBaiyunMountainateightinthemorning.”可知，此处指旅行的开始，故选B。【4题详解】句意：我们可以在高山上欣赏整个广州。high高的；heavy沉重的；long长的；big大的。根据“WecanenjoythewholecityofGuangzhouinthe…mountain”可知，在高山上可以看到整个广州的美景，故选A。【5题详解】句意：它是岭南建筑风格的典范之一，每年都有许多人来此参观。and和；or或者；because因为；but但是。空格前后句是并列关系，故选A。【6题详解】句意：下午，我们将在北京路购物。morning早上；afternoon下午；evening晚上；night晚上。根据“inthemorning”及“betheevening”可知，此处介绍下午的计划，故选B。【7题详解】句意：我们可以在那里买些衣服、鞋子或其他任何东西。leave离开；buy买；win赢得；take带走。根据“someclothes,shoesoranythingelsethere”可知，此处指买东西，故选B。【8题详解】句意：我们将愉快地去夜游珠江。