2025年上海市徐汇区高考英语二模试卷

2025年上海市徐汇区高考英语二模试卷

一、Grammarandvocabulary

1.Directions：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；forthe

otherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Horsesaresmarterthanthey*regivencreditfor

Horsesarecapableofstrategicthinkingandplanningahead,anewstudyhasfound.

ResearchersatNottinghamTrentUniversitymadeagameforhorses(1)theyhadtotoucha

pieceofcardwiththeirnosestogetatreat.Theymadeitprogressivelyharder,anddiscoveredthatthehorsesall

changedtheirstrategiesinthemostdifficultstage(2)(ensure)theywouldcontinuegetting

treats.

Thestudy(3)(involve)20horses,whowereinitiallyrewardedwithatreatfortouching

apieceofcardwiththeirnoses.Inthesecondstage,aHstoplightnwasintroduced,andtherulewaschangedsothat

therewardwasonlygiven(4)theytouchedthecardwhenthelightwasoff.Thisdidnotalterthe

behaviourofthehorses,asthey(5)(observe)touchingthecardregardlessofthestatus

ofthelight.Inthefinalstage,researchersintroduceda"punishment11elementofa10-secondtimeout(6)

playingorreceivinganyrewardsfortouchingthecardwhilethestoplightwason.

Atthispoint,allthehorsessuddenlybegantoplaythegamecorrectly,onlytouchingthecardwhenitwould

leadtoatreat.Instantly(7)(switch)strategiesinthiswayindicatesthehorsesunderstood

theruleofthestoplighttheentiretime，buthadnoreasontofollowtherulewhentherewasnoconsequencefor

gettingitwrong.Thisshowedtheanimalshavetheabilitytothinkandplanahead-somethingpreviously(8)

(consider)tobebeyondtheircapacity.

"It'sfascinatingbecausetheyhaveaveryunderdevelopedpre-frontalcortex(前额叶皮质)，whichis(9)

wetypicallycreditwithproducingthattypeofthinkinginhumans.Thismeanstheymustbeusinganotherareaof

thebraintoachieveasimilarresult,"saidDrCarrieIjichi,aseniorresearcheratNTU.

"Thisteachesusthatwe(10)notmakeassumptionsaboutanimalintelligence

basedonwhethertheyare"builtjustlikeus,"shesaid.

二、SectionB

2.Directions：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Note

thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.piloted；B.precisely；C.barriers；D.fault；E.misjudge；F.life-threatening；G.transition；

H.priorities；I.tempted；J.posed；K.undeniably

Yourrobotdriverisonitsway

Drivinghasmanydownsides：There'spollution,traffic,findingaplacetopark.Butworstofallarethe

crashes.In2023,anestimated40,990peoplewerekilledincarcrashesintheUnitedStates.

Reducingtrafficcrashesshouldbeamongthenation'shighest(1).Behindeachoneliemanyhuman

errors.Peoplegetbehindthewheelwhentheyaredrunkorsleepy,andtheytextortalkontheirphonesinsteadof

payingattentiontotheroad.Ortheysimply(2)roadconditions.

Enormousworkhasgoneintoreducingthesehumanerrors.ButdatafromWaymo,Alphabetsself-driving

carunit,suggeststhatabetterstrategymightbetotakethedriveroutofthepictureandletvehiclesbe(3)

bymachinesthatwillnevergetdistractedordrunk,orbe(4)tobreaktrafficlawsbecausethey're

runninglate.

Waymorobotaxishavelogged33millionmilesandthecompany*sfiguresshowthatWaymorobotaxi

vehiclesdeliver(5)bettersafetyperformance.Comparedwithcarsdrivenbyhumans,Waymovehicles

havebeeninvolvedin62percentfewerpolice-reportedcrashesand78percentfewercrashesthatresultedin

injury.TimothyB.Lee,authoroftheUnderstandingAInewsletter,pointedoutthecrashesnweremostlylow-

speedcollisions(碰撞)"that(6)noserioussafetyrisk."Alargemajorityappearedtobethe(7)

oftheotherdriver,"Leesaid.

It'stooearlytoknowhowmuchself-drivingcarscouldreduce(8)crashes.Butit'sreasonableto

hopethatWaymowillprovesaferthanhumandrivers.Governmentsatalllevelsshouldberushingtoknockdown

regulatory(9)thatstandinthewayoffasteradoptionofdriverlesscarswhilealsoensuringthatthe

companiesmeetthehigheststandardsforsafetyandaccountability.

InearlyJanuary,theAutonomousVehicleIndustryAssociationreleasedaproposedpolicyframeworkthat

aimstospeedthe(10).Theassociationalsocallsforanationalsafetydatabasetoprovideabetterview

ofcrashincidentsinvolvingself-drivingcars.

三、完形填空。ReadingComprehension

3.Directions：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fill

ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Arenoise-cancellingheadphonesdamagingourhearingskills?

Noise-cancellingheadphoneshavebecomeapopularchoiceformany,offeringawaytoblockout

backgroundnoiseandlettingusenjoymusicatlowervolumes.(1)，someexpertsareworriedthat

usingtheseheadphonestoomuchmightmakeitharderforourbrainstoprocesssoundsproperly.

ReneeAlmeida,anaudiologist(听力学家)，hasnoticedasmallincreaseinadultscomingtoherclinicwith

(2)issues.Theymightfailto(3)whereasoundiscomingfrom,orstruggletofollowa

conversationonthetrain,inabaroratarestaurant.Thecondition,knownasauditoryprocessingdisorder(APD),

isoftendiagnosedinchildren,sotheriseinadultswithsimilarissuesstruckAlmeidaas(4).Almeida

suspectsthatthewidespreaduseofnoise-cancellingheadphonescouldbea(5).

Sheexplainsthatourbrainsareusedtodealingwiththousandsofdifferentsoundsatthesametimeand

decidingwhichonesareworthpayingattentionto.(6)，whenadogbarksoutside,thebrainquickly

identifiesthesoundanddismissesitasunimportant.However,noise-cancellingheadphones(7)the

braintoasinglesourceofsound,suchasmusicorapodcast,potentiallyweakeningitsabilitytoprocess(8)

sounds.

Almeidaalsonotesthattheoveruseofnoise-cancellingheadphonescouldharmthedevelopmentalprocess

bywhichchildrenlearnto(9)sounds.Foradults,itcouldmaketheirbrainslazy,justasmuscles(10)

withoutexercise.Inbothcases，peoplecouldstruggletodistinguishspeechfrombackgroundnoise.

Despitethese(11)，thereiscurrentlynoscientificevidenceprovingthatnoise-cancelling

headphonescauseAPD.Noristheresufficientdatashowingariseinthecondition.ButAlmeidabelievesthe

questiondeservesattention.

Prof.DaniTomlinfromtheUniversityofMelbourne(12)thatpeoplewhousenoise-cancelling

headphonesforlongperiodsmayfindlisteningharderwhentheytakethemoff.Butshesays"the(13)

shouldnotbeoverlooked”,forhelpingindividualstolistentomusicandmoviesonplanesandtrains.nInsteadof

suggesting(14)noise-cancellingheadphones,weneedmorecomprehensiveresearchstudies,"she

adds.

Fornow,Almeidarecommends(15)likeboneconductionheadphones.Shealsoencourages

peopletoactivelyengageinlisteningexercisestomaintaintheirauditoryprocessingskills.

(1)A.InsteadB.MoreoverC.OtherwiseD.However

(2)A.learningB.socializingC.hearingD.reading

(3)A.indicateB.locateC.recallD.sustain

(4)A.commonB.rawC.oddD.predictable

(5)A.primarystageB.contributingC.directD.temporary

factorconsequencesolution

(6)A.ForexampleB.InconclusionC.AsaresultD.Onthecontrary

(7)A.expandB.reserveC.limitD.detect

(8)A.multipleB.externalC.unfamiliarD.inviting

(9)A.clearawayB.attendtoC.tuneoutD.traceback

(10)A.strengthenB.tightenC.weakenD.stimulate

(11)A.concernsB.effortsC.threatsD.trends

(12)A.protestsB.suspectsC.acknowledgesD.opposes

(13)A.risksB.benefitsC.requestsD.costs

(14)A.monitoringB.toleratingC.purchasingD.abandoning

(15)A.altemativesB.restrictionsC.opponentsD.perspectives

四、SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethat

fitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

4.Geology,thestudyofthestructureandformationoftheEarth,isthebabyofalltheothersciences.Until

comparativelyrecently,scholarspaidlittleattentiontorocksandrockformations.Indeed,thewordgeology

onlyappearedintheEnglishlanguagein1735andtookanotherseventyorsoyearstoentergeneral

usage.GeologymadeitsfirstappearanceintheEncyclopaediaBritannica(大英百科全书)inthe1810

edition.Despitethisinclusion,thescienceofgeologyremainedlargelyignoreduntilmuchlaterinthecentury.

NowadaysthemysteryoftheEarthanditsformationfascinatesgeologistsacrosstheworld.However,few

peopleknowthatthewholemoderndisciplineofgeologyandthewaywelookatourworldowesitsinspirationto

asinglemanwithanextraordinarypassionforlandscapeandrocks.ThatmanwasWilliamSmith,whowasborn

in1769inthesmallvillageofChurchillinthesouthofEngland.

FromanearlyageWilliamshowedastronginterestintheworldabouthimandaskedquestionsaboutthe

landscapethatnoonecouldproperlyanswer.AsayoungboyWilliampickedupstrange-lookingstonesthatlay

inthefieldsaroundhishomeandfeltthatsomeofthemostcommonpatternsinthesestoneslookedlikeanimals

foundlivinginthesea.Heaskedthemenofknowledgeandscienceinthedistricthowthesestonescametofind

themselveshere.Noone,itseemed,hadanswerstohisquestionsoreventhoughtitremotelyinterestingtoaskthe

questionsinthefirstplace.

AchancemeetingwithamancalledEdwardWebbledtoWilliambeingofferedapositiontoworkdownthe

mines.Hecametorealisethatdifferenttypesofrocklayatdifferentlevelsashewentdeeperunderground.Thisled

Williamtosuggestthatolderrockslaydeeperthannewerrocks.

Armedwithhisnewfoundinsightintothebirthofrocks,WilliamwalkedthelengthandbreadthofGreat

Britainwiththeintentionofsurveyingandcategorisingallthewonderfullydifferenttypesofrocksthathe

found.lttookWilliammanyyearsoffrustrationandhardshiptodrawahugemapofGreatBritainbyhand.The

map,ondisplaytodayatBurlingtonHouseinLondon,usesbeautifulcolourstoshoweverylayerofrockbelowin

themostprecisedetail.Uniqueinitstime,William'smapgavebirthtoeverygeologicalsurveythatwetakefor

grantedintheworldtoday.

(1)Whendidtheword"geologynstarttobecommonlyusedintheEnglishlanguage?

A.In1735.

Bin1810.

C.Around1805.

D.Around1895.

(2)WhatcanbelearnedaboutthelocalscholarsinWilliam^district?

A.Theywereveryknowledgeableaboutthelandscape.

B.TheyencouragedWilliamtoexplorehiscuriosity.

C.TheywereastonishedbyWilliam'sfindings.

D.Theylackedbothknowledgeandinterestinrocks.

(3)WhatsignificantdiscoverydidWilliamSmithmakewhileworkinginthemines?

A.Rockswereofthesametypeunderground.

B.Undergroundrockswereindistinctlayers.

C.Newerrockslaydeeperthanolderones.

D.Theageofrockshadnorelationtotheirdepth.

(4)Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.TodescribethelifeandworkofWilliamSmithandhisimpactonmoderngeology.

B.ToexplainthehistoryofthewordHgeologynanditsdevelopmentinmodernworld.

C.Todiscusstheimportanceofgeologicalsurveysinunderstandingthelandweliveon.

D.TohighlightthechallengesfacedbyearlygeologistsinmappingtheEarth'srocks.

5.SamSchwartz,betterknownasGridlockSam,unsuccessfullytriedtointroducecongestion(拥堵)pricing

toNewYorkinthe1970s,whenhewasacitytrafficengineer.Some50yearslater,onJanuary5ththisyear,

thecityfinallycollectedthecharge-thefirstofitskindinAmerica.

Thescheme(方案)ismodelledpartlyonthatofLondon,wheresince2003adailycharge(currently£15,

orS19)hasreducedthenumberofcars,improvedairqualityandfundedtransitupgrades.NewYork'sversion

costsS9formostdrivers(withdifferentratesforlorriesandlow-incomeNewYorkers).Thezoneincludes

Manhattan'scentralbusinessdistrict,southof61stStreet,andmostoftheroads,tunnelsandbridgesthatconnect

surroundingareas.TheMetropolitanTransportationAuthority,whichoverseesthecity'stransportsystemandsome

suburbanlines,hopesthattheschemewillreducetrafficintheseareasby10-20%(trafficincentralLondonfell

by18%inthefirstyear).Moneyfromthecongestionchargeisearmarkedformuch-neededimprovementsto

NewYork'sageingsubwayandotherpublic-transportsystems.

Willitwork?JoshuaandBenjaminMoshes,studentsatNortheasternUniversityandBrownUniversity

respectively,aremonitoringhowtraveltimesintoManhattanhavechangedsincethechargecameinto

effect.TheircongestiontrackercollectstrafficdatafromGoogleMapsevery15minutesacross19routesinto

Manhattan.ltistoosoontosaywhateffectthepricingwillhaveonNewYork'sroads,butthreechartsbelowoffer

somecluesfromthefirst24hours.

NewYork,averagetraveltime,minutes

FirstMonday«hercongestionchargeMondayaveragebeforeconflohoncharge*

BrooklynBridge

5

0

OGOO060012:00180000:0000:0006:0012:0018.00OOOO00:0006:0012:0018:00OQOO

Earlyresultsareencouraging.Thetrackershowsthatthetimetodrivethe1.6miles(2.6km)throughthe

HollandTunnelwascutbyhalfduringrushhour：fromanaverageof23minutesonmostMondaymornings,to

just12onJanuary6th.ThetimespentcrossingtheEastRiverthroughtheQueensboroBridgewasalsocutby

half.DriversfromBrooklynstillfacedheavytrafficontheBrooklynBridge,however,andtraveltimeswithinthe

congestionzonewerereducedoverallbyjust1%.Snowfallandotherunrelatedfactorsmayhaveplayedarole.lt

willtakemonthstofullyassesstheimpactofthecharge.

(1)WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSamSchwartziscorrect?

A.HemanagedtointroducecongestionpricinginNewYorkinthe1970s.

B.Hehasbeenworkingonthecongestionpricingschemeforabout50years.

C.Heproposedtheconceptofcongestionpricingasacitytrafficengineer.

D.HiscongestionpricingschemewaseventuallyadoptedbyLondon.

(2)Accordingtothepassage,themainpurposeofNewYork'scongestionpricingisto.

A.provideanadditionalsourceofincomeforcitizensinNewYork

B.easetrafficwhileraisingmoneytoimprovepublictransportation

C.increasethefinancialincomeoftheNewYorkCitygovernment

D.encouragethelocalresidentstousetheirprivatecarsmoreoften

(3)Whichofthefollowingisafactmentionedinthepassagetosupporttheclaimthat"earlyresultsare

encouraging"?

A.TraveltimesonthethreeroutesintoManhattanhavesignificantlydecreased.

B.TrafficcongestionontheBrooklynBridgehassignificantlyimproved.

C.DrivingtimethroughtheHollandTunnelhasbeenreducedbyabout50%.

D.Overalltraveltimeswithinthecongestionzonehavedecreasedby1%.

6.Theconvenienceofmodernlifeisnothingshortofastonishing.AsIwritethis,myphoneiswirelessly

sendingsomeofthegreatesthitsfromthe1700stomyportablespeaker.!couldusethatsamedeviceto,within

moments,getacartopickmeup,orhavefooddeliveredtomyhouse.

Thefactthat,asaculture,weseekoutandcelebratesuchshortcutsisunderstandable.Theymakeiteasierto

havefun,andsaveustimeandenergy.Thatsaid,mostpeopleareabletosensethatconveniencehasadarkerside.

Beforewegetintothat,itisimportanttounderstandwhyconvenienceissoseductiveinthefirstplace.We

oftenresistdoingthethingsweneedtodoinordertomakeprogress.Behindeverywell-intentionedplanliesthis

horriblesenseofinertia(惰性).Whyisthisresistance-andourcorrespondingappetiteforease-suchan

essentialpartofourmakeup?

Here,insightsfromevolutionarypsychology(particularlytheideaof“evolutionarymismateh1'2)can

help.Evolutionarymismatchistheideathatweevolvedforahunter-gathererlifestyle,andthatwhileour

circumstanceshavechangedcompletely,ourbrainsandbodieshaven*t.

Resistancewasanecessarycounterbalancetotheburstsofintenseactivitythatcharacterizedthelivesof

hunter-gatherers：searchingforfoodindrivingrain,orrunningtoescapeadangerousanimal.Itsthereasonwe

stillask：”DoIreallyhavetobedoingthis?Shouldn'tIsavemyenergy?"Thepeoplewhochosetoremain

shelteredduringsnowstorms,whentheprospectofobtainingfoodwaslow,weremorelikelytoliveandpasson

theirgenestothenextgeneration.Andsincethoseguysareourancestors,we'veinherited(继承)thattendency.

Sincethattime,ofcourse,innovationhaschangedthingsgreatly.We'vebenttechnologyandour

environmentsatleastpartlytoserveournaturalinstincttoconserveenergy.Thequestionis：whatdowestandto

losebyfollowingourtendencytoprioritisecomfortandconvenience?

Continuallychoosingtheconvenientpathlessensyourabilitytodealwithunavoidabledifficulties.And,from

anevolutionaryperspective,somemeasureofdiscomfortisjustascrucialtooursurvivalasrestand

relaxation.Ourancestorsdidn'tsurvivepurelybybeinglazy,butthroughacombinationofplayingitsafeand

takingnecessaryrisks：forexample,pushingthroughthepainandeffortofleavingafamiliarhome,inorderto

findaplaceclosertosourcesoffoodandbetterprotectedfromtheelements.

Itisthisdifficultyitselfthatshapesanddevelopsourcharacter.Inthetechnologicalworldwehavefashioned,

wemustsometimesmakeaconsciousefforttoactinoppositiontoourinstincts.Asaculture,wemustremember

一andremindouryoungpeople一thatwhileconveniencefeelsgoodinthemoment,ourcapacitytoadaptand

overcomechallengesispartofourevolutionaryinheritancetoo,andcentraltotheadventureoflife.

(1)Whatdoestheword,'seductive"(paragraph3)mostprobablymean?

A.Attractiveandtempting.

B.Usefulandpractical.

C.Harmfulanddangerous.

D.Annoyingandfrustrating.

(2)Accordingtothepassage,whatdoes"evolutionarymismatch"primarilyreferto?

A.Theinconsistencybetweenpersonalgoalsandsocietalexpectations.

B.Thecontrastbetweenmodernconvenienceandancientchallenges.

C.Thecontroversyoverthehunter-gathererlifestyleofancientpeople.

D.Theconflictbetweenournaturalinstinctandthecurrentenvironment.

(3)Accordingtothepassage,prioritizingconvenienceinmodernlifemay.

A.leadtoalackofinnovationandprogress

B.reduceourabilitytoovercomechallenges

C.makeusoverlydependentontechnology

D.causeadeclineinphysicalfitnessandhealth

(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheBenefitsofModemTechnology

B.RejectingModernConveniencesforaBetterLife

C.TheDarkSideofConvenienceinModernLife

D.UnderstandingEvolutioninToday'sWorld

五、SectionC

7.Directions：Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentence

canbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Butifthey*reapproachedintherightway,theycanstrengthenfriendshipsinthelongrun.

B.So,beforemeetingnewpeople,rememberthatotherslikeyoumorethanyouthink.

C.Itmightmeansupportingeachotherthroughdifficulttimesorfeelingcomfortablesharing

yourthoughtsandfeelings.

D.Andthemorefriendsyoumake,themoreconfidentyou'lllikelyfeel.

E.Forexample,theremightbeasituationthatputstwofriendsincompetition.

F.It*sclearthatfriendshipsareimportant,butmakingandmaintainingfriendsisn*talways

easy.

Howsomefriendshipslast-andothersdon't

Ina2008study，psychologistsaskedparticipantstoratethesteepness(陡度)ofahill.Thosewhowere

accompaniedbyafriendjudgedthehilltobelesssteepthanpeoplewhowerealone.Thisisjustoneofmanyways

friendshipscanchangehowweseeandmovethroughtheworld.Friendshipscanboostouracademicperformance,

helpusdealwithsetbacks，andevenimproveourhealth.

(1)Ifyoustrugglewithapproachingnewpeople,youarefarfromalone.Inaseriesofstudies,

participantshadconversationsofvaryinglengthswithstrangers.Afterward,theywereaskedtoestimatehowmuch

theythoughteachstrangerlikedthem.Acrosstheboard,participantsratedtheirownlikabilitymuchlowerthan

othershadactuallyratedthem.(2)Youmayevenwanttoentertheseconversationsassumingthatthe

otherpersonwilllikeyou.Psychologistsfindthatwhenpeopleexpecttobewell-liked,theyoftenunknowingly

comeacrossaswarmerandfriendlier.

Next,what'shappeningwhenrelationshipsgrow?Psychologistshaveidentifiedtwokeyfeatures：

companionshipandcloseness.Companionshipisdefinedastheunderstandingthatincreasesbetweenpeoplewith

similarhobbies,interests,orvalues.Sometimes,justbeinginthesameclassorteamisenoughtobuildthis

connection.Closeness,ontheotherhand,looksdifferentforeveryrelationship.(3)Butsimplytelling

afriendaboutyourdayorsharingyourinterestscanhelpbuildclosenesstoo.

Whileeveryfriendshipdevelopsonitsowntimeline,consistencycanhelp.Thiscanincludestickingtoplans,

chattingregularly,andrememberingthethingsthatareimportanttoeachother.Yeteventheclosestfriendships

facechallenges.Thisisespeciallytrueforteenagefriendships.Relationshipsmayalsoweakenwhenonefriend

can'tsupporttheotherthroughhardtimes.Themostsurefirewaytodealwiththeseproblemsistotalkabout

them.Theseconversationscanbetoughandawkward.(4)

六、SummaryWriting

8.Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinno

morethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Howtoimproveclinicaltrials?

Lastyear,aSwissmedicinecompanypublishedareviewoftheclinicaltrialsondrugsithadheldbetween

2016and202litfoundthatblackpeoplewereunder-representedinallbutone.Surprisingly,thatnews

representsprogress,becauseitshowsthatpeoplearebecomingmoreawareofadangerousbias(偏见)thatsets

backthesafetyofmedicaltreatments.

Manytrialsleaveoutcertaingroups-children,forexample,orpeoplewithphysicalorlearningdisabilities,

pregnantwomenandtheelderly.Therearegoodexplanationsfortheexclusion,suchasthedifficultyofgetting

informedpermissionorthepotentialharmtounbornchildren.Yettheconsequencescanbeserious.Arecentreview

foundthathalfoftrialsaroundtheworldtestinghip-fracture(骸骨骨折)interventionsexcludedpeoplewho

livedinnursinghomes,wereoldorhadsomesortofunderstandingproblems.Thoughthesegroupsmakeup

almostathirdofallpatientssufferinghipfractures,itisuncleariftheinterventionswillworkassafelyoras

effectivelyonthem.Theirdoctorsfaceatoughchoice：telltheirpatientstotakethemedicineanyway,with

uncertainresults；ordenythemnewtreatments.

Obtaininginformedpermissionfortrialsisnotalwayseasy,especiallyfrompeoplewithlearning

disabilities.Accountingfordifferentgroups'risksofside-effectscancomplicatetheanalysisofthedata.Evenso,

broadeningtherangeoftrials*participantscanbepracticallyuseful,becauseitmightleadtoimportantnew

findingsinmedicine.

Fortunately,thebiasofclinicaltestingmaybechanging.TheUSgovernmenthasrecentlyproposedtoreduce

barriersandappealtoawiderrangeofparticipantsbyreducingthecostsandcommitmentsrequiredforpatientsto

participate.CountrieslikeAmericaandBritainarediscussingpublishingregulationsthatrequiretrialorganisersto

explainwhomtheyoughttoincludeandhowtheyplantoincludethem.

七、Translation.Directions：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthe

brackets.

9.她的行李箱里塞满了纪念品，结果超重了。（stuff）

10.该公司在人工智能领域的成就和影响力不容小觑。(field)

11.这家餐厅成功地将传统烹饪技艺融入现代国际美食中，创造出独特的风味。(integrate)

12.中国古诗词以其优美的韵律、丰富的意象和深刻的哲理，至今仍被广泛传颂和学习。(with)

八、GuidedWriting.

13.Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelow.

假设你是明启中学的高三学生王磊，你在社区公告栏看到一则消息，社区正在征集关于"如何丰富老

年人退休生活”的意见。请你给社区负责人写一封信，内容包括：

(1)对社区如何丰富老年人退休生活提出建议；

(2)提出这些建议的理由。

2025年上海市徐汇区高考英语二模试卷

参考答案与试题解析

一、Grammarandvocabulary

1.Directions：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；forthe

otherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Horsesaresmarterthanthey'regivencreditfor

Horsesarecapableofstrategicthinkingandplanningahead,anewstudyhasfound.

ResearchersatNottinghamTrentUniversit