专题08读写任务（阅读理解）-五年（2019-2023）北京高考英语真题两年模拟题分项汇编

专题08阅读表达（北京卷）012023年北京卷真题022022年北京卷真题032021年北京卷真题042021年北京卷真题052020年北京卷真题062019年北京卷真题07最新北京名校模拟试题【2023年北京卷】阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbeeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered(触发)bythesecues.A“habitloop(环)”isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating,whichproducesthereward﹣thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it’snotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep﹣rootedurge,asahabitis.Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition,it’spossibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors,includingtheindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadstobadhabitsandre﹣evaluatewhatyougetoutofthem(ordon’t).Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowthechangereflectsyourvalues.40．Howarehabitsbuilt?41．Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.43．Whatbenefit(s)haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits?(Inabout40words)【答案】40．Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.41．Aroutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviourwhileahabitisadeep﹣rootedurge.42．Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.Becausebuildingahealthyhabittakesmanymonths.43．Ihaveagoodhabitofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly.Therefore,Icanstudyenergeticallyeverymorning,whichmakesmestudyefficiently.Also,Iamveryhealthy.【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.。41．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it’snotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep﹣rootedurge,asahabitis.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，故填Aroutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviourwhileahabitisadeep﹣rootedurge.。42．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.”中“ashortertime”错误，应该为manymonths，故填Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.Becausebuildingahealthyhabittakesmanymonths.。43．开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填Ihaveagoodhabitofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly.Therefore,Icanstudyenergeticallyeverymorning,whichmakesmestudyefficiently.Also,Iamveryhealthy.。【2022年北京卷】阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Tom,a15yearoldinventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Heknewtherehadtobeabetterportabledrinksolutionanddecidedtoinnovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome:fruitinfused(浸泡)water.Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatakealongoption.Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameupwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.“Iwantedtoeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinks,”Tomexplains.Thebottleismadewithastrainer(滤网)thatallowsthegreattastesandnaturalsugarsofthevariousfruitsandvegetablesyouchoosetoethroughthewater,withoutanyoftheseedsorskinsflowingthrough.TomisproudofhisdesignandexcitedtobesellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandinstores,butthis15yearoldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).Tomhasbeenawardedseveralprizes,butthisteenageinnovatorremainshumble.Whenaskedwhatadvicehe’dgiveotherentrepreneurialyouth,hesays,“Prepareandhaveyourfamily’ssupport.Itisimportanttoknowfromthebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows,andthereisnosuchthingasovernightsuccess.”40．WhatdidTomwitnessathisownschool?41．WheredidTomgettheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.43．AmongTom’squalities,whichone(s)doyouthinkwillbeimportantforus?Why?(Inabout40words)【答案】40．Tomwitnessedthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykidsathisownschool.41．Tomgottheideafromobservinghismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatakealongoption.42．TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.TomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOHG.43．Ithinkthequalityofperspicacitywillbeimportant,becausethisinsightcanhelpusconstantlyfindourownshortingsinourlives,whichinturncanhelpusimproveourselves.(31)【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。40．考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom,a15yearoldinventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tomwitnessedthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykidsathisownschool.41．考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusions”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameupwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的FunBottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了FunBottle的原始模型。故答案为Tomgottheideafromobservinghismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatakealongoption.42．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“butthis15yearoldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是FunBottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“alltheprofits”，应修改为“partoftheprofits”，故答案为TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.TomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOHG.43．开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom,a15yearoldinventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““Iwantedtoeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinks,”Tomexplains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：Ithinkthequalityofperspicacity

imisportant,becausethisinsightcanhelpusconstantlyfindourownshortingsinourlives,whichinturncanhelpusimproveourselves.(31)【2021年北京卷】阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved，theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostpletelyerased．Thus，itmaybeworthbringingupissueswithyourfriends，familymembers，orclassmatesratherthanholdingthemback．Thereisadifferencebetweenarguingandfighting．Arguingisthatyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns．Youcanengageinanargumentrespectfullywithoutstirringup（激起）anger．Fighting，however，usuallyinvolvespersonalattacks，raisingofvoices，andstormingout．Discussingyourissuesandresolvingtheminsteadofstuffingthemdowncanimproveyouremotionalhealth．Inastudy，2.000peoplewereaskedtorecordtheirfeelingsandexperiencesforeightdaysinarow．Whenpeoplehadanargumentthattheyconsideredresolved，theyhadhalfthereactivity（情绪反应）ofthosewhoavoidedanargument．Reactivityisanincreaseinnegativeemotionsoradecreaseinpositiveemotions．Inotherwords，resolvinganargumentcutsyournegativefeelingsbyhalf．Onedaylater，peoplewhohadaresolvedargumentreportednoincreaseofnegativeemotionsparedwiththosewhoavoidedanargument．Thismeansthatresolvinganargumentcanfeellikeyouhavereachedastateofresolution——andyouarelesslikelytobeannoyed．Moreover，theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwilletoaresolutionafteranargument．Thismaybebecausemorelifeexperienceusuallyleadstomoredefinedpriorities．Youaremorelikelytodistinguishbetweenwhatmattersandwhatdoesnot．Itiseasiertoavoidadiscussion，butriskingtalkingaboutitmayeventuallyleadtoabetteroute．40．Accordingtothispassage，whatisarguing？41．Whyisitthat“theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwilletoaresolutionafteranargument”？42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement，thenunderlineitandexplainwhy．Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth，becauseitincreasesyourreactivityandreducesthechanceofyougettingangry．43．Inadditiontoimprovingemotionalhealth，whatdoyouthinkaresomeotherbenefitsofresolvinganargument？（Inabout40words）【答案】40．Arguingisdiscussingyourworries，relatedfeelingsandproblemswiththeotherparty．41．Itisbecausemorelifeexperiencemayhelppeoplebetteridentifyprioritiesinlife．42．Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth，becauseitincreasesyourreactivityandreducesthechanceofyougettingangry．Resolvingargumentshelpstodecreaseyourreactivity．43．Resolvingargumentscansolvespecificproblems,plexsituationsatverylowcost,improvepeople'slogicalthinking,resilience,

isconducivetotheformationofagoodrelationshipsothatyoucanmakeyourselfmoreconfidentanddevelopbetter.【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。40．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguingisthatyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguingisdiscussingyourworries，relatedfeelingsandproblemswiththeotherparty．41．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover，theolderyouare，themorelikelyyouwilletoaresolutionafteranargument．Thismaybebecausemorelifeexperienceusuallyleadstomoredefinedpriorities．Youaremorelikelytodistinguishbetweenwhatmattersandwhatdoesnot．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填Itisbecausemorelifeexperiencemayhelppeoplebetteridentifyprioritiesinlife．42．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved，theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostpletelyerased．”（最近的研究表明，如果一个争论得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应就会显著减少或几乎完全消失。）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Resolvingargumentscanimproveyouremotionalhealth，becauseitincreasesyourreactivityandreducesthechanceofyougettingangry．Resolvingargumentshelpstodecreaseyourreactivity．43．考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故可能答案版本一为Resolvingargumentscansolvespecificproblems,plexsituationsatverylowcost,improvepeople'slogicalthinking,resilience,

isconducivetotheformationofagoodrelationshipsothatyoucanmakeyourselfmoreconfidentanddevelopbetter.【2020年北京卷】假设你是红星中学高三（1）班班长李华。居家学习期间，你们班开展了一次以“自律”为主题的调研活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文稿件，给你们学校英文网站投稿，记述你在本次活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：自律selfdiscipline___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Whilestudyingathome,Isurveyedmyclasson“selfdiscipline”.Thefindingsworriedmealot.Tosolvetheproblem,Iaskedmyparentsforhelp,andtheyofferedsomepracticaladvice.ThenIheldanonlinediscussionwithmyclassmatesonhowtowelldisciplineourselves.Afterthat,weallknewbetterwhattodo.Threemonthslater,Ididasecondsurvey,whichshowedgreatimprovementsinselfdiscipline.Iphonedmyteacheraboutit,andwebothfeltverypleased.【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。这是一篇图画作文，要求考生按以下四幅图的先后顺序，就你开展“自律”调研活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程写一篇英文稿件，向学校英文网站投稿。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时人称：第一人称为主结构：总分法

总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.表明写作主题——“自律”2.根据图片描写事件过程：第一幅图片描写自己对“自律”调研结果很担忧；第二幅图片描写自己向父母求助解决方法/建议；第三幅图片描写自己和同学们在网上讨论如何自律；第四幅图片描写三个月后，大家自律能力有了很大提高，我和老师很高兴。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）asksb.forhelp；practicaladvice；anonlinediscussion；doasecondsurvey第三步：连词成句1.Iaskedmyparentsforhelp,andtheyofferedsomepracticaladvice.2.ThenIheldanonlinediscussionwithmyclassmatesonhowtowelldisciplineourselves.3.Ididasecondsurvey,whichshowedgreatimprovementsinselfdiscipline.(根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。）第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second…Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast,Lastbutnotleast2.表并列补充关系：Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,Inaddition,Aswellas,notonly…but(also),including,also3.表转折对比关系：However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause(从句),Inspiteof+n/doing,Ontheonehand…,Ontheotherhand…Some…,whileothers…,asfor,so…that…4.表因果关系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult5表换一种方式表达：Inotherwords,thatistosay,6.表进行举例说明：Forexample;Forinstance;suchas+n/doing7.表陈述事实：Infact,franklyspeaking8.表选择：either…or…，or连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。第五步：润色修改【2019年北京卷图画作文】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：西瓜watermelon_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】LastweekItookpartinafarmworkprogrammeinthesuburbs.Attheclassmeeting,ourteachertoldusabouttheprogrammewiththetheme“Workingismostbeautiful”.Andhestressedtheimportanceofworkingwithourownhands.WhenIgothome,Ipackedupmyluggageforthetrip.Onthefarm,wehelpedpickwatermelons.Whileworking,Irealisedhowharditwastoworkinthefieldsunderahotsun.WhenIcamebackhome,Isharedmyexperienceswithmyparents.Andtheywereveryproudofme.【分析】本文属于图画作文，要求根据图画内容写一篇英文周记。【详解】假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你们班上周组织了一次以“劳动最光荣”为主题的社会实践活动。要求根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。分析四幅图可知，图画作文内容要点比较清晰，其中包括：老师宣布活动内容和意义，我为活动准备，在农场的劳动过程，介绍活动感受。这样有利于学生写作时发挥与扩展。全文可分成三部分，开头段概括活动，中间段描述图画，结尾段总结收获和意义。文章用第一人称来写，使用一般过去时。【点睛】本文内容完整，语言表述通顺。使用了连接词、衔接词，使文章自然、流畅。文章使用了宾语从句howharditwastoworkinthefieldsunderahotsun.，还使用了Attheclassmeeting,WhenIgothome,Onthefarm,Whileworking,WhenIcamebackhome等过渡词，使文章上下文衔接流畅。【北京名校最新模拟试题】1.【2023年北京市朝阳区高三二模英语试题】阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Theterm“nostalgia”wasfirstcoinedin1688andwasdefinedasamentalillnessofsoldierscontinuallythinkingabouttheirhomelandandlongingforreturn.However,todaywehaveamuchmorepositiveattitudetonostalgia.It’sagreatexampleofthebenefitsofastrongmemory.Innumerousscientificexperiments,researchershavefoundthatsubjectsaremuchmorelikelytoreportpositivefeelingsfromagivenpieceofmusicifthey’vehearditbefore.Butthere’salsoagrowingbodyofresearchintotimetravel“theotherway”,becausememoryskillscantakepeopleintothefuture,too.Decadesofstudieshaveshownthattimetravelintothefuturecanbringawholenewsetofrewards.Forexample,athleteswhopracticebymentallyvisualizingandimaginingsuccessfulperformancesinthefuturedoperformbetter.Allthesefindingsareinspiringandattractive.Howcouldyoubeeaconfidenttimetravelertothepastorintothefuture?Herearesometipsforyou:·Totakepleasureinhelpfulmemories,maybetoreawakenhappyfeelings,useallyoursenses—notjustsight.Smell,taste,touchandsoundwillalsohelpyoutorecreatethepastinrichclarity.·Ifyoufindamemorythat’sparticularlyhelpful—forreassurance,say—keepusingit!You’llgetfasteratfindingit,andaddextralayersofdetaileachtime.·Whenyou’reprocrastinating(拖延),visualizeanendresult.Flashforwardtoseethefloorsweptortheessayfinished,andusethatpositiveimagetodriveyouintoaction.·Aheadofmajorchallenges,imaginethefullimpactofsuccess.Don’tjustpictureyourselfgettingthatgreatjob:fillyourmindwiththereallybigwaysit’sgoingtochangeyourlife.There’llstillbetimeswhenoldthoughtsremindyouofsadness,oryou’reanxiousaboutwhat’snext.Butthemoreyoulearntocontrolyourmemory,thebetteryou’llbeatminingyourpast,andshapingyourfuture,tobeyourbestselfnow.40．Whatdidnostalgiaoriginallymean?41．Whathavetheresearchersfoundabouttimetravel?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.➢Memoryskillscanbringusintothefuture,soweshouldimagineanegativeendresulttodriveusintoactionwhenprocrastinating.43．Describeoneofthehelpfultimetravelexperiencesinyourlife.(Inabout40words)【答案】40．Amentalillnessofsoldierscontinuallythinkingabouttheirhomelandandlongingforreturn.41．Theyhavefoundthattimetraveltothepastandintothefuturebothbringbenefitstous.42．ØMemoryskillscanbringusintothefuture,soweshouldimagineanegativeendresulttodriveusintoactionwhenprocrastinating.Becausewe

shoulduseapositiveendresulttodriveusintoactionwhenprocrastinating.43．(1)IoftenimaginemyselfattendingmyidealuniversityinSeptember2023tocheermyselfup.Picturingmyselfwanderingonthecampusandenjoyingtheharvestinthegoldenautumncangivemethemotivationtooverenervousnessandstressatpresentwithanoptimisticattitudeandinfullgear.(2)Irecallthetimeofwinningthefirstprizeinaspeechcontesttwoyearsago.Standingonthestagereachingoutfortheprize,Iwasfilledwithpride.Thisexperienceservesasaconstantsourceofencouragementandconfidenceformetokeepworkinghardtoimprovemyself.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就怎样才能成为一个自信的时间旅行者，穿越到过去或未来提出建议。40．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Theterm“nostalgia”wasfirstcoinedin1688andwasdefinedasamentalillnessofsoldierscontinuallythinkingabouttheirhomelandandlongingforreturn.(“怀旧”一词最早出现于1688年，被定义为一种士兵的精神疾病，他们会不断地想念自己的家园，渴望回归。)”可知，“怀旧”原意为军人不断思念故土、渴望回归的一种心理疾病。故答案是：Amentalillnessofsoldierscontinuallythinkingabouttheirhomelandandlongingforreturn.41．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Innumerousscientificexperiments,researchershavefoundthatsubjectsaremuchmorelikelytoreportpositivefeelingsfromagivenpieceofmusicifthey’vehearditbefore.Butthere’salsoagrowingbodyofresearchintotimetravel“theotherway”,becausememoryskillscantakepeopleintothefuture,too.Decadesofstudieshaveshownthattimetravelintothefuturecanbringawholenewsetofrewards.(在许多科学实验中，研究人员发现，如果受试者以前听过某段音乐，他们更有可能从这段音乐中获得积极的感觉。但也有越来越多的研究以“另一种方式”进行时间旅行，因为记忆技能也可以把人们带到未来。几十年的研究表明，穿越到未来可以带来一系列全新的回报。)”可知，研究人员发现时间旅行到过去和到未来都会给我们带来好处。故答案是：Theyhavefoundthattimetraveltothepastandintothefuturebothbringbenefitstous.42．考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第三段“Whenyou’reprocrastinating(拖延),visualizeanendresult.Flashforwardtoseethefloorsweptortheessayfinished,andusethatpositiveimagetodriveyouintoaction.(当你在拖延的时候，想象一下最终的结果。快进到看到扫地或文章写完了，用这些积极的形象来推动你行动起来。)”可知，记忆力可以把我们带到未来，所以我们应该想象一个积极的最终结果来推动我们在拖延的时候采取行动。故答案是：Memoryskillscanbringusintothefuture,soweshouldimagineanegativeendresulttodriveusintoactionwhenprocrastinating.Becauseweshoulduseapositiveendresulttodriveusintoactionwhenprocrastinating.43．开放性试题。(1)IoftenimaginemyselfattendingmyidealuniversityinSeptember2023tocheermyselfup.Picturingmyselfwanderingonthecampusandenjoyingtheharvestinthegoldenautumncangivemethemotivationtooverenervousnessandstressatpresentwithanoptimisticattitudeandinfullgear.(2)Irecallthetimeofwinningthefirstprizeinaspeechcontesttwoyearsago.Standingonthestagereachingoutfortheprize,Iwasfilledwithpride.Thisexperienceservesasaconstantsourceofencouragementandconfidenceformetokeepworkinghardtoimprovemyself.2.【2023年北京市第四中学高三保温测试卷】阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Judgementisaqualitythatishardtodefinebutimportanttopossess.SirAndrewLikiermanoftheLondonBusinessSchoolsuggeststhatjudgmentis“thebinationofpersonalqualitieswithrelevantknowledgeandexperiencetoformopinionsandtakedecisions”.Andhearguesthat,thusdefined,judgmentinvolvesaprocess—takingininformation,decidingwhomandwhattotrust,summarizingone’spersonalknowledge,checkinganypriorbeliefsorfeelings,summarizingthechoicesavailableandthenmakingthedecision.Expertknowledgecanbeusefulinmakingjudgments.Buttheyarenotthesamething.“Academicshaveexpertknowledge,”SirAndrewobserves.“Theydon’tnecessarilyhavejudgment.”Peoplewithjudgmentknowwhentheyareoutoftheirdepthinmakingadecisionandtypicallythenseektheadviceofsomeonewhohastherightbackgroundandknowledge.“Whilegoodjudgmentisimportanttosuccess,”SirAndrewcautions,“successisnotasignalthattherehasbeengoodjudgment.”Thedegreeofjudgmentrequiredtendstoincreaseaspeopletakeonmoreresponsibility.Thosewithroutinetasksgenerallyhavelimitedscopeforjudgment.Linesupervisorshavesomediscretion(自行决定权).Forachiefexecutive,theproportionofdecisionsinvolvingjudgmentishigh.Decidingnottotakeactionisalsoajudgmentwithpotentiallyseriousconsequences(forexample,“Iwon’tgetvaccinated”or“Iwon’tpaymybills”).Theworldisfullofpeoplewhoselackofjudgmentbroughttheircareersorpersonallifecrashingdown.Manymadethemonmistakeofassumingeverythingwasfine.Thoughartificialintelligencegetsusedformoreandmoreroutinetasksintheservicesector,exercisingjudgmentmaybeoneareawherehumansretainanedgeovermachines.Thisisfarfromcertain,however.Withenoughpractice,machinesmaybeabletorecognizetheseimplicitcuesandthusdisplaytheequivalentofgoodjudgment.Butthen,perhapshumanscanbetaught,too.Inthelongrun,oneofthetrickiestaspectsofhumanjudgmentmaybeknowingpreciselywhentoletmachinestakedecisionsandwhentoleaveittopeople.40．What’sSirAndrew’sdefinitionofjudgement?41．Whyaren’texpertknowledgeandmakingjudgmentsthesamething?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementisfalse,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Althoughartificialintelligenceiswidelyusedforroutinetasks,itcanneverexercisejudgmentaswellashumans.43．Doyouagreethathumans“retainanedgeovermachines”intermsofmakingjudgements?Whyorwhynot?(Inabout40words)【答案】40．Hedefinesjudgmentasthedecisions./Thersonalqualitieswithrelevantknowledgeandexperiencetoformopinionsandtakedecisions./Thebinationofpersonalqualitieswithrelevantknowledgeandexperiencetoformopinionsandtakedecisions.41．Becausesomepeoplemayhaveexpertknowledge,buttheydon’tnecessarilyhavejudgment.42．Althoughartificialintelligenceiswidelyusedforroutinetasks,itcanneverexercisejudgmentaswellashumans.Accordingtothepassage,withenoughpractice,machinesmaybeabletorecognizeimplicitcuesandthusdisplaytheequivalentofgoodjudgment.43．Yes.Foronething,humanspossessmonsenseandintuition,whichallowsthemtomakejudgmentsbasedontheirpriorexperiencesandknowledgeoftheworld;foranother,humanspossessemotionalintelligence,whichallowsthemtorecognizeandunderstandemotionsinthemselvesandothers,allowingthemtomakebetterjudgements.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了判断力的定义，判断力与专业知识的区别，责任多少对判断力的影响，以及机器在判断力方面的表现和发展。40．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“SirAndrewLikiermanoftheLondonBusinessSchoolsuggeststhatjudgmentis“thebinationofpersonalqualitieswithrelevantknowledgeandexperiencetoformopinionsandtakedecisions”.(伦敦商学院AndrewLikierman爵士认为，判断力是“将个人品质与相关知识和经验结合起来，形成观点并做出决定