热点练04阅读理解之词义猜测题（热点话题）年高考英语专练（新高考专用）教师版

热点练04阅读理解之词义猜测题（热点话题）热点练04阅读理解之词义猜测题（热点话题）猜测词义题是英语高考阅读理解的重要题型，也是难点题型。在阅读英语材料这类真实语言活动的过程中，遇到生词本属正常，但是我们并不是每次遇到生词就一定要查字典。正确理解。掌握所读材料中单词或短语的含义是理解全文意思的基础，在阅读中根据选材，背景和上下文提示等线索推测出生词词义也是真实语言活动中的一项重要技巧。因为文章中的任何单词和句子在内容上都不是孤立的，都与其所在的句子、段落及整篇文章有关。因此，应该利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行符合逻辑的分析，并依此来猜测词义或者句意。猜测词义题，要求考生不但要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句意题。因为猜测词组、句意题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测难度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。常见的设问方式有：Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standfor?Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”referto/mean?Theunderlinedword“...”canbereplacedby_______.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlined?Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it/them"inParagraph...referto?Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheunderlinedword"..."“...”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas......考向1：通过构词法来猜词利用熟词的新词性猜测词义，前缀只改变词义，后缀只改变词性。根据前缀、后缀，合成及词性转换猜测词义。高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义题主要集中在派生和合成两种形式上，对猜测的词义可带入句子进行验证，看是否符合语境，从而推测出答案。例1.MostpeoplewhoeintocontactwiththeSalmonellabacteriawillexperiencediarrhea(腹泻),fever,andstomachcramp.Childrenareparticularlyaffected—oneinthreesickpeoplearebelowtheageoffive,whichisintelligiblegiventheirweakerimmunesystemsandnaturalloveforthebirds.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intelligible”probablymeaninparagraph4?A．Understandable. B．Irresistible. C．Unavoidable. D．Controversial.词句猜测题。根据划线词前“Childrenareparticularlyaffectedoneinthreesickpeoplearebelowtheageoffive(儿童受到的影响尤其严重——三分之一的病人年龄在五岁以下)”可知，儿童受影响最严重。而根据划线词后“giventheirweakerimmune(免疫)systemsandnaturalloveforthebirds.(鉴于他们较弱的免疫系统和对鸟类的自然爱护)”给出了儿童受影响最严重的原因。这些原因使这种现象易于理解了，故画线词意思是“易于理解的”。A.Understandable.易于理解的；B.Irresistible.嫉妒诱人的；C.Unavoidable.不可避免的；D.Controversial.有争议的；故选A。考向2：通过定义来猜词，简称“定义法”本技巧特别是新闻报道及科普类说明文中，生词后面往往用thatis,mean,standfor,namely,referto,inotherwords等或破折号、冒号引出说明性的内容,有时也用同位语从句、定语从句进行解释说明。例2：Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit. B.Argue.C.Remember. D.Remark.词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies(固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。考向3：通过同位关系来猜词，简称“同义法”构成同位关系的两部分之间通常用连接词连接，有时也使用逗号、破折号、冒号、分号、括号或同位语。常用的信息词或表达有：or,similarly,also,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orother,say等。例3：Over5,000years’worthofsamples,nospecieslosswasdetected.Thesefindingssuggestthatcontrarytomonbelief,theAmazonisnotuntouchedbyhumans,butratherhasbeenprotectedbythemforthousandsofyears.Themanagementoftherainforestbynativepeoplesappearstohavebeenvitalinpreservingitsbiodiversityandwillcontinuetobeimportantinthefighttopreventitfromacollapse.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapse”meaninParagraph4?A．Suddendecrease. B．Badmanagement.C．Poorpreservation. D．Overdevelopment.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“Themanagementoftherainforestbynativepeoplesappearstohavebeenvitalinpreservingitsbiodiversityandwillcontinuetobeimportantinthefighttopreventitfromacollapse.(土著人对雨林的管理好像对保护其生物多样性至关重要，并且会继续在阻止雨林collapse的战斗中起着重要作用)”可知，土著人对雨林的管理对雨林是有好处的，而collapse指的是雨林会发生的坏事，故推测collapse与A项“suddendecrease(突然的减少)”词义相同。故选A项。考向4：通过转折或对比来猜词，简称“反义法”利用反义词推测生词的意义。如果一个句子或段落中有对两个事物或现象进行对比的描述，可以根据画线词的反义词猜测其词义。表示转折关系的词主要有but,however,otherwise,though等；表示对比关系的标志性词语有while,incontrast,unlike,ontheotherhand等。例4：GrowingupinasmalltowninWisconsin,hewastoldthathewas“toosmallandnotbigenough”toeverplayprofessionalfootball.“There’snoway”,theysaid.Insteadoflettingtheremarksofothersdiminishhim,heusedthemtoinspirehimself.:4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish”inParagraph4mean?A．Abuse. B．Discourage. C．Praise. D．Boycott.词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Insteadoflettingtheremarksofothersdiminishhim,heusedthemtoinspirehimself.”（他没有让别人的评论贬低他，而是用它们激励自己。）可知，划线词diminish应该与inspire为相反之意，应该是“贬低”的意思，故选B。考向:5：通过因果关系来猜词在句子段落中，若两个事物，两个现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这样逻辑关系推知生词词义，即由果推因。表示因果关系的词有because,since,sothat,so/such...that…,therefore等。例5：However,theMetropolitanPoliceofficer,whowasdressedinagorilla(大猩猩)suit,hadagoodreasonforhisslowness.Hehadpletedthe26.2milesonallfourstoraisefundstohelpgorillaconservationeffortsinAfrica.The41yearoldwhospentanaverage8—10hoursonhishandsandknees,coveredabout4.5mileseachdaybeforecrashingathisfriend'shouseforthenight.Topreventhiskneesfromblistering(起泡),heswappedbetweenhandsandkneesintoloping(大步跑)alongonhandsandfeetandtookbreaksevery100to200meters.Butthearduouscrawlwaswellworthit.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“arduous”meaninparagraph2?A．Difficult. B．Funny.C．Harmful. D．Attractive.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文描述“Topreventhiskneesfromblistering(起泡),heswappedbetweenhandsandkneesintoloping(大步跑)alongonhandsandfeetandtookbreaksevery100to200meters.”(为了保护他的膝盖不起泡，他双手和膝盖交换使用。用手和脚大步走，每100200米休息一次。)可知，TomHarrison在爬行过程中，整个过程是非常艰辛而乏味的，与选项A“Difficult”(困难的)符合，B.Funny有趣的；C.Harmful有害的；D.Attractive有吸引力的。故选A。考向6：通过代词来猜词代词所指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句中(特别是前句)，或者前几个句子中。找到指代的内容后，把它放在代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判断它是否为正确答案。例6：“Ithoughtthemedicalfieldwasn'tforme.Then,mymomgotsickandIhadalltheexperiencegoinginandoutofthehospital,”EdinatoldGoodMorningAmerica.“Whenmymompassedaway,Ithought,‘Iwanttodothis.’”shesaid.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph3referto?A．Leavingthehospital B．WorkingasanurseC．Facingdeathpositively D．CaringforEdina'smother词句猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词前文“Ithoughtthemedicalfieldwasn'tforme.Then,mymomgotsickandIhadalltheexperiencegoinginandoutofthehospital,(我以为医学不适合我。然后，我妈妈生病了，我有了进出医院的所有经验，)”可知，Edina在她妈妈去世的时候她想做护士。所以this指代的是“做护士”。故选B。“What'shappeningisabigconcern.”saidTimKeyfromtheUniversityofOxford.“Onabroadlevelyoucansayitisbadfortheenvironment.”Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph3referto?A．Eatinghugeamountsofmeat.B．Increasingcarbonemissionsintheair.C．Reducingdiversityofplants.D．Riskingdevelopingcancer.词句猜测题。根据第二段“Anewanalysissuggeststhatmeatconsumptionissettoclimbsharplyastheworldpopulationincreasesalongwithaverageindividualines.（一项新的分析表明，随着世界人口的增加和个人平均收入的增加，肉类消费量将大幅攀升）”中的meatconsumptionissettoclimbsharply可知，第三段中的it指代的是“不断上升的肉类消耗量”，即不断上升的肉类消耗量对环境是有害的。A项“吃大量的肉”符合题意。故选A项。考向7：通过上下文语境来猜词，尤其注意上下句的过渡连词通读上下文，根据上下文的语句就近原则猜词词义。Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWorldNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththemongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.7.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“charts”inparagraph2?A.records B.predicts C.delays D.confirms词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“afilm”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“thebirthoftheWorldNetwork(世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“records”意思一致。故选A项。解题技巧：就近原则通过构词法猜生词代词指代通过上下文单复数猜词通过并列连词猜近反义词说明文科技环保类：保护动物，太空探索，宇宙探测，基因技术，新冠防控议论文社会现象类：面部识别技术是否广泛应用，摆脱拖延症的方法记叙文：正能量故事第一组（2021·新高考I卷·C篇）话题：本文为说明文，讲述了美国为了保护“水禽”颁布了一项政策难度：★★建议用时：6分钟WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourseswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadesto

decimate

alargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheeverincreasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（栖息地）.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory（迁徙的）waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N."Ding"Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstoe.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.1.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"decimate"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.3.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting【答案】ACDA【解析】本文为说明文，讲述了美国为了保护“水禽”颁布了一项政策，狩猎者需要购买相关水禽类邮票，然后政府把售卖所得款拨给候鸟保护基金组织。1.细节理解题。根据题干信息NorthAmerica以及decline定位到第一段：Millionsofwaterfowlwerekilledat…

Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredried…

greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.分析可知，数百万的水禽被猎人和野心过大的运动员给杀害了。而数百万英亩的湿地被开垦以喂养和容纳日益增长的人口，而这大大减少了水禽的栖息地。可知，湿地流失是导致水禽数量减少的原因。故选A。2.词义猜测题。根据题干信息firstparagraph定位到第一段：Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.根据Unfortunately（不幸地是）可知，此处与前文

"takencareof"

形成对比，故此处应表示

"损害、毁坏"

。原文译为：不幸地是，这些探险者和定居者只花了几十年的时间就毁掉了这些资源的很大一部分。故选C。3.推理判断题。根据题干信息in1934定位到第二、三段。分析可知，第二段是在说明在颁布了这个法令之后，16岁或者超过16岁以上的水禽捕猎者必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭票，而第三段则提及了大约98%的鸭子邮票的钱都是直接被用于购买保护湿地。因此D选项,政府可以筹集钱，符合题意。故选D。4.主旨大意题。根据原文分析可知，首先作者先提出了湿地的破坏导致了水禽数量的下降，而后政府则通过发行联邦鸭票筹集资金，用于保护湿地，是史上最成功的保护项目之一。因此A选项，联邦鸭票的故事符合题意。故选A。第二组话题：这是一篇说明文，介绍了空间探索领域取得了巨大的进展难度：★★建议用时：6分钟Inthepastfewdecades,greatprogresshasbeenmadeinthefieldofspaceexploration,whichhasenabledmankindtohaveadeeperunderstandingoftheSolarSystem,ourplaceinitandintheuniverse.“Wesentprobes(探测器)toeveryplanetintheSolarSystem.Thisisbyfarthebestone,”saidClayton,vicepresidentofBlueOrigin.“Let'sfocusrightnowonprotectingtheEarthenvironment,andthenwe'llgofromthere.Spacescienceandtechnologyshouldbepeoplecentricandapplicationcentric,andfocusonimprovinghumanlife.WeneedtohaveastrongfootingontheEarth,learntosolvethedaytodayproblemsofthesociety.”“Spacetechnologycanhelpachievethe17sustainabledevelopmentgoalstobeachievedby2030setbytheUnitedNations.Satellitemonitoringcanreallyhelpwithagriculture.”saidVictoria,CEOofapanyworkingonsustainabledevelopment,“ThroughGlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem,animals'movementinformationrecordedonselfrechargingdevicescanbetransmittedtothepanyserver.Farmerscanbealertedinrealtimeifanomalies(异常现象）aredetected.Wecanuseittoensurethetraceabilityoftheentiremeatchain.Asaresult,itenablesconsumerstoknowthatthebeeftheyareeatingdoesnotefromprotectedareasorthecattledon'tcontributetodeforestation.”Asearlyas2007,MichaelGriffin,formerAdministratorofNASA,putforwardtheconceptofthe“spaceeconomy”inaspeech.Heisveryoptimisticaboutthemarketprospectofmercialspaceandsaid,“Accordingtothelatestdata,theglobalspaceindustrycouldreach$1trillionin2040,upfrom$378billioncurrently.Ibelievemorebusinessmodelsandspaceactivitieswillbecreatedinthefuturetoachievetheeconomicscaleof$1trillion.”Asanentrepreneur(创业者）herself,Victoriathinksthethrivingspacemarketwillbringcountlessopportunitiesforentrepreneurs.ShementionedfuturesettlementsonMarsorontheMoon.“IfwearegoingtodevelopanewsocietyoutsidetheEarth,wewillneedalltypesofapplicationsandalltypesofstartups.ButingbacktotheEarth,therearesomanyproblemsthatneedtobesolved,andspacetechnologycanreallyhelpwiththat.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph1referto?A.Asuccessfulspaceexploration.B.Aprobesenttootherplanets.C.Theplanetpeoplearelivingonnow.D.Thesolarsystempeopleareexploring.2.InClayton'sopinion,whatshouldbethefirstconcernaboutspacetechnology?A.Providingmorefinancialsupport.B.Improvingpeople'slifeonearth.C.Sendingmoreprobesintheuniverse.D.Thedevelopmentofrelatedtechnology.3.HowdoesVictoriasupportherstatementaboutsatellitemonitoringinParagraph2?A.Bymakingreasoning.B.Byprovidingaccuratefigures.C.Bymakingparison.D.Byillustratingfromdifferentaspects.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Necessitiesofspaceexploration.B.Breakthroughsinspaceexploration.C.Possibleapplicationofspacetechnology.D.Controversialissuesaboutspacetechnology.【答案】CBDC【解析】这是一篇说明文，在过去的几十年里，空间探索领域取得了巨大的进展，空间技术也会在各个领域起到很大的作用。1.指代猜测题。根据第一段第四句“Let'sfocusrightnowonprotectingtheEarthenvironment,andthenwe'llgofromthere.”（让我们现在关注保护地球环境，然后我们会从那里开始。）可知，此处是指地球是目前为止最好的一个，所以我们要保护地球环境。所以this是指我们现在所居住的星球。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“Spacescienceandtechnologyshouldbepeoplecentricandapplicationcentric,andfocusonimprovinghumanlife.”（空间科学技术要坚持以人为本、以应用为中心，以改善人类生活为中心。）可知，在克莱顿看来，空间技术应该首先关注改善人类生活。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Spacetechnologycanhelpachievethe17sustainabledevelopmentgoalstobeachievedby2030setbytheUnitedNations.”（空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。）可知，Victoria认为空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。根据第二段第二句“Satellitemonitoringcanreallyhelpwithagriculture.”（卫星监测真的可以帮助农业。）和最后一句“Asaresult,itenablesconsumerstoknowthatthebeeftheyareeatingdoesnotefromprotectedareasorthecattledon'tcontributetodeforestation.”（因此，它使消费者知道他们吃的牛肉不是来自保护区，或者牛没有促进森林砍伐。）可知，Victoria通过说明卫星监测帮助农业和环保方面来佐证自己的观点。故选D。4.主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Spacetechnologycanhelpachievethe17sustainabledevelopmentgoalstobeachievedby2030setbytheUnitedNations.”（空间技术可以帮助实现联合国设定的到2030年要实现的17个可持续发展目标。），第三段第一句Asearlyas2007,MichaelGriffin,formerAdministratorofNASA,putforwardtheconceptofthe“spaceeconomy”inaspeech.（早在2007年，美国国家航空航天局前局长MichaelGriffin就在一次演讲中提出了“空间经济”的概念。）；第四段第一句“Asanentrepreneur(创业者）herself,Victoriathinksthethrivingspacemarketwillbringcountlessopportunitiesforentrepreneurs.”（作为一名企业家，维多利亚认为蓬勃发展的太空市场将为企业家带来无数的机会。）可知，文章主要是讲太空技术可能的应用。故选C。第三组话题：这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了如今日益受到关注的基因技术难度：★★建议用时：6分钟Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology,theresearchofhumangenes,orbiologicalengineeringaspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Sometimesitisahottopicdiscussedbypeople.Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.Andtodate,doctorshavenotfoundaneffectivewaytocurethem.Butifgenetechnologyisapplied,notonlythesetwodiseasescanbecuredpletely,butalsothegreatamountofmoneypeoplespendoncuringtheirdiseasescanbesaved,soitbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inaddition,humanlifespancanbeprolonged.Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtomorehealthyandcleverchildren.Somefamilies,withtheBritishroyalfamilybeingagoodexample,havehereditarydiseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilydisease,whichisagreattroubleforthesefamilies.Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases.Butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.Scientistsjustneedtofindthewronggeneandcorrectit,andahealthychildwillbeborn.Somepeopleareworryingthatthegeneresearchcanbeusedtomanufacturehumanbeingsinlargequantities.Inthepastfewyears,scientistshavesucceededincloningasheep,sothesepeoplepredictthathumanbabieswouldsoonbecloned.ButIbelieveclonedbabieswillnoteoutinlargequantities,formostcouplesintheworldcanhavebabiesinthenormalway.Ofcourse,thegovernmentmusttakecaretocontrolgenetechnology.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inthesecondparagraphreferto?A．Peoplewithcancerorheartdisease. B．Millionsofpeoplewithseriousdiseases.C．Somediseasesdoctorscandonothingwith. D．Thetwoillnessesofcancerandheartdisease.12．WhatcangenetechnologydoaccordingtoParagraph3?A．ItcanhelptheBritishroyalfamilyout. B．Itcanbeusedtoclonehumanbabies.C．Itcanhelppeopletogivebirthtoababy. D．Itcancurehereditarydiseases.13．Whatarepeopleworriedaboutaccordingtothepassage?A．Humanbabiesmaybeclonedinlargequantities. B．Healthyhumanbabieswillsoonbecloned.C．Scientistsmayfindthewronggenes. D．Thegovernmentmaynotcontrolgenetechnology.14．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage______.A．GeneTechnologyWillBenefitPeople B．GeneTechnologyWillDoHarmAsWellC．GeneTechnologyIsAHotTopic D．GeneTechnologyIsGrowingFast【答案】11．D12．D13．A14．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了如今日益受到关注的基因技术，详细及说明了基因技术能做的最伟大的事情，它可以用来治疗严重的疾病，帮助人们生下更健康、更聪明的孩子，但是人们也提出了一些对此的担忧。11．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.Andtodate,doctorshavenotfoundaneffectivewaytocure”可知基因技术能做的最伟大的事情，就是治愈一些目前医生几乎无能为力的严重疾病，比如癌症和心脏病。每年都有数百万人被这两个杀手杀害。到目前为止，医生们还没有找到治疗癌症和心脏病这两种疾病的有效治疗方法。故them指的是“癌症和心脏病这两种疾病”。故选D。12．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases.Butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.”可知在过去，医生对遗传病无能为力。但是基因技术可以完美地解决这个问题。由此可知，基因技术可以治疗遗传病。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Somepeopleareworryingthatthegeneresearchcanbeusedtomanufacturehumanbeingsinlargequantities.Inthepastfewyears,scientistshavesucceededincloningasheep,sothesepeoplepredictthathumanbabieswouldsoonbecloned.”可知有些人担心基因研究可以用来大量制造人类。在过去的几年里，科学家已经成功克隆了一只羊，所以这些人预测人类婴儿将很快被克隆。由此可知，人们担心人类婴儿会被大量克隆。故选A。14．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology,theresearchofhumangenes,orbiologicalengineeringaspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Sometimesitisahottopicdiscussedbypeople.”可知在所有快速发展的科学技术中，人类基因的研究，或人们所说的生物工程，现在越来越受到关注。有时它是人们讨论的热门话题。结合本文介绍了如今日益受到关注的基因技术，详细讲述了基因技术能做的最伟大的事情，它可以用来治疗严重的疾病，帮助人们生下更健康、更聪明的孩子，但是人们也提出了一些对此的担忧。由此可知，A选项“基因技术将造福人类”最符合文章标题。故选A。第四组话题：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了金星为人们提供的行星探索的有利条件和不利条件。难度：★★建议用时：6分钟Dostarsonlyappearatnight?Theanswerisno.Venus(金星)istheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaytime.ItshoneatitsbrightestinthenightskyonFeb17thisyear.Venusisthesecondplanetfromthesun.Itisthesecondbrightestnaturalobject,behindtheearth’smoon,inthenightsky.Whyisitsobright?Firstofall,Venusistheclosestplanettotheearth.Itisalsocoveredbyhighlyreflective(反射的)clouds,whichcanreflectabout70percentofthesunlightstriking(照射)it,almosttwiceasmuchastheearthdoes.Somepeoplecall2017theyearofVenus,becausetheplanetisatitsbrightesttwicethisyear.Venusgetsbrighterwhenitgoesfurtherawayfromthesun,andnearertotheearth.ThebrightestmomenthappenedonceinFebruary,andwillhappenagain,duringdaylight,onApril30.IfVenusissobrightandclosetous,isn’titabetterchoiceforhumanexploration(探索)thanMars?ItisclosertotheearththanMarsandit’sclosertotheearthinsize.Thecloserdistancetothesunmeanssolarpower(太阳能)wouldbeeasiertogenerateaswell.However,withatemperatureofabout465℃onthesurface,Venusisthehottestplanetinoursolarsystem!Butscientistsnevergiveup.Recently,ateamofNASAandRussianscientistscreatednewputerequipmentthatcanstandtemperaturesof480℃.ItcanworkunderVenuslikeconditions(环境)foralmost22days.Thenextstep,accordingtothescientists,istosendaprobe(探测器)toVenusby2025.1．WhichofthefollowingaboutVenusisNOTtrue?A．It’stheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaylight. B．It’sthesecondplanetfromthesun.C．It’sthebrightestnaturalobjectinthenightsky. D．It’stheclosestplanettotheearth.2．Theunderlinedword“generate”issimilarinmeaningtotheword“________”.A．heat B．produce C．spread D．form3．WhatmakesVenusaworseplaceforhumanexplorationthanMars?A．Thecloserdistancetotheearth. B．Thesimilarsizetotheearth.C．Toomuchsolarpowertouse. D．Theextremelyhightemperature.4．Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,thenewputerequipment________.a.wascreatedbysomeUKscientistsb.canstandtemperaturesof480℃c.canworkforabout22daysonVenusd.willbesenttoVenusby2025A．ab B．bc C．cd D．Ad1．C2．D3．D4．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了金星为何特别亮的原因以及金星为人们提供的行星探索的有利条件和不利条件。1．细节理解题。A选项：它是唯一能在白天看到的星星。根据“Venus(金星)istheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaytime”可知，选项正确；B选项：它是太阳第二颗行星。根据“Venusisthesecondplanetfromthesun”可知，选项正确；C选项：它是夜空中最明亮的自然物体。根据“Itisthesecondbrightestnaturalobject,behindtheearth’smoon,inthenightsky”可知，选项错误；D选项：它是距地球最近的行星。根据“Venusistheclosestplanettotheearth”可知，选项正确。故选C。2．词句猜测题。heat把……加热；produce生产；spread传播；form形成，产生。根据“Thecloserdistancetothesunmeanssolarpowerwouldbeeasiertogenerateaswell”可知，此处意为“离太阳越近，太阳能就越容易产生”，故此处的generate意为“产生，形成”与D选项“form”同义。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据第五段“However,withatemperatureofabout465℃onthesurface,Venusisthehottestplanetinoursolarsystem!”可知，导致人们不能探索金星的原因是金星有着极高的温度。故选D。4．细节理解题。根据“Recently,ateamofNASAandRussianscientistscreatednewputerequipmentthatcanstandtemperaturesof480℃.ItcanworkunderVenuslikeconditionsforalmost22days.”可知，这台新型计算机设备是美国航天局以及俄罗斯科学家联合发明的，它可以承受480℃的高温，并能在类似于金星的条件下工作近22天，因此a错误，b、c正确；根据“istosendaprobe(探测器)toVenusby2025”可知，2025年被发送到金星的是探测器，并不是这台新型计算机设备，故d错误。故选B。第五组话题：本文是新闻报道，介绍了澳大利亚科学家为研发新型冠状病毒疫苗对羊驼所做的研究。难度：★★建议用时：6分钟Ifyou’veeverseenanalpaca(羊驼),youmightjustthinkthey’refuzzyandcute.Now,itlooksliketheseanimalsmightbeabletohelpscientistsfindavaccine(疫苗)forCOVID19.Australianscientistsarestudyingalpacas.Theseanimalshaveauniqueimmuneresponse(免疫反应).Scientistsusedtousethemtodoresearchonviruses(病毒)likeHIV.Nowtheyhavefoundthatwhenalpacasareinfected(感染)withCOVID19,theirbodiesreactinaspecialway.“Alpacasandanimalslikethem(suchascamels)actuallycreatetwodifferenttypesofantibodies(抗体).Oneissimilartothetypewe(humans)make,buttheyalsocreatethesethingscallednanobodies(纳米抗体),”saidMichaelJames,aresearcherwhotookpartinthestudy.ThealpacasproducedthesenanobodiesafterresearchersputaCOVID19viralspikeprotein(棘突蛋白)intotheirbodies.ItisthisproteinthatallowsCOVID19toinfectourcells(细胞).Thenanobodies,however,stopinfectionfromhappeningbyblocking(阻隔)theprotein.Youcanthinkofourcellsas“locks”—andtheviralspikeproteinasa“key”.Jamessaidthenanobodiesplugupthe“lock”sothatthe“key”cannotgetin.Althoughtheresultslookgoodsofar,itwilltakesometimetoproduceavaccinebasedonthefindings.Thenanobodiesrequirefarmoreresearchtomakesuretheyarebotheffectiveandsafe.Sincethenanobodiesarenew,theymustbetestedverystrictlyinalaboratorybeforetheycanbetriedonhumans,accordingtoJames.10．Whyarescientistsstudyingalpacas?A．TohelpwithresearchonHIV. B．TodevelopavaccineforCOVID19.C．ToinventeffectivemedicinesforHIV. D．TotestnewmedicinesforCOVID19.11．Whatistheroleofnanobodies?A．Protectingcellsfrominfection. B．Producingviralspikeproteins.C．Infectingbodycells. D．Killingviruses.12．WhatareParagraphs34about?A．Howanimalscreateantibodies. B．Howalpacas’bodiesreacttoviruses.C．HowalpacasgetinfectedwithCOVID19. D．Howanimalsprotectthemselvesfromdanger.13．Whatdoesthephrase“plugup”mean?A．add B．connect C．fill D．start14．Whatdoweknowfromthestory?A．Theresearchonnanobodiesusesaspecialmethod.B．Theresearchonnanobodieshasn’tgonewell.C．Thenanobodieshavebeentriedonhumans.D．Thenanobodieswillcontinuetobetested.10．B11．A12．B13．C14．D【分析】本文是新闻报道，介绍了澳大利亚科学家为研发新型冠状病毒疫苗对羊驼所做的研究。10．细节理解题。根据第一段“Now,itlooksliketheseanimalsmightbeabletohelpscientistsfindavaccineforCOVID19”，可知羊驼用于研发新型冠状病毒疫苗；TodevelopavaccineforCOVID19符合题意，故选B。11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thenanobodies,however,stopinfectionfromhappeningbyblockingtheprotein”，可知纳米抗体能保护细胞免受感染，故选A。12．主旨大意题。根据第四段“ThealpacasproducedthesenanobodiesafterresearchersputaCOVID19viralspikeproteinintotheirbodies”，结合第二段“NowtheyhavefoundthatwhenalpacasareinfectedwithCOVID19,theirbodiesreactinaspecialway”，可知三、四两段讲了科学家把病毒放入羊驼体内后，羊驼的身体是如何防御病毒的；Howalpacas’bodiesreacttoviruses符合题意，故选B。13．词句猜测题。根据下文“sothatthe‘key’cannotgetin”可知，是棘突蛋白这把“钥匙”被堵住了，fill符合语境，故选C。第六组话题：这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了一些摆脱拖延症的方法。难度：★★建议用时：6分钟Let’sfaceit.You’relikelyreadingthisarticleinanefforttoavoidsomeothertasksyou’reprocrastinating(拖延)tolearnhowtostopprocrastination,butthec