2024-2025学年河南省新乡市部分学校联考高一下学期4月期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省新乡市部分学校联考2024-2025学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIntheheartofSouthAmerica,Boliviaishometosomeofthemostdramaticlandscapesonthecontinent.HerearesometraveldestinationsofBoliviatoaddintoyourtravelplan.SucreSucreisfamousforsugar-whitehouses,withthebuildingsthatshineinthesun.Itisacityofwell-preservedhistoricalarchitectureandRepublican-stylebuildings.Ifyouwanttorelax,visitthecitygardens.Forfineviewsacrosstheroofsandbelltowersofthecapital,stopattheLaRecoletaneighborhood.Don’tmissitstastyfoodandotherrichhistoricalheritagewhenyouarehere.PotosiStartyourjourneyinPotosibyexploringCerroRico,thefamoussilvermountainwithdarkandnarrowtunnels(隧道)thatplayedasignificantroleinBolivia’shistory.ItsfamedattractionisCasaNacionaldelaMoneda,agreat18th-centuryconstructionwherelocallyminedsilverwasoncetransformedintocoins.SamaipataSamaipataisanattractivevillage,havingaperfectyear-roundclimateandarelaxingatmospherewheretimeseemstoslowdownandthenoiseofthecrowdsislow.NearbyarenaturalattractionsincludingthescenicLasCuevaswaterfalls,whichareusuallyemptyonweekdaystotakearefreshingoutdoorswim.MadidiNationalParkAsoneoftheworld’smostbiologicallydiverseecosystems,theparkformspartoftheBolivianAmazon,oneofSouthAmerica’sbest-preservedareasofrainforest.Thisprotectedsectionisaccessiblebyboat,sogettinghereispartofthefunandexcitement.Youcanseekpinkriverdolphinsandvisitlocalcommunitiesthatworkonthespecialecotourismprojects.1.WhatarebothSucreandPotosiknownfor?A.Theirhistoricalculture. B.Theirminedsilver. C.Theirsugar-whitehouses. D.Theirbelltowers.2.WhatdoesSamaipatafeature?A.Theemptyattractionsonweekends. B.Theindoorswimmingpools.C.Theboatconstructionindustry. D.Thenaturalenvironment.3.Whichplaceismostsuitableforwildlifelovers?A.Sucre. B.Potosi. C.Samaipata. D.MadidiNationalPark.【答案】1.A2.D3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了玻利维亚的四个旅游景点。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据Sucre中“Itisacityofwell-preservedhistoricalarchitectureandRepublican-stylebuildings.(这是一座保存完好的历史建筑和共和风格建筑的城市。)”以及“Don’tmissitstastyfoodandotherrichhistoricalheritagewhenyouarehere.(当你来这里的时候，不要错过它美味的食物和其他丰富的历史遗产。)”说明苏克雷以其保存完好的历史建筑和丰富的历史遗产闻名；根据Potosi中“StartyourjourneyinPotosibyexploringCerroRico,thefamoussilvermountainwithdarkandnarrowtunnels(隧道)thatplayedasignificantroleinBolivia’shistory.(从波托西开始你的旅程，探索塞罗里科，这座著名的银山有着黑暗而狭窄的隧道，在玻利维亚的历史上发挥了重要作用。)”由此可知，两者都以历史文化著称。故选A项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Samaipata中“Samaipataisanattractivevillage,havingaperfectyear-roundclimateandarelaxingatmospherewheretimeseemstoslowdownandthenoiseofthecrowdsislow.NearbyarenaturalattractionsincludingthescenicLasCuevaswaterfalls,whichareusuallyemptyonweekdaystotakearefreshingoutdoorswim.(萨迈帕塔是一个迷人的村庄，拥有完美的全年气候和轻松的氛围，时间似乎慢了下来，人群的噪音很低。附近是自然景点，包括风景秀丽的拉斯奎瓦斯瀑布，在工作日通常没人，可以去户外游泳。)”可知，萨迈帕塔有宜人的气候和轻松的氛围，附近还有自然景点，其特色是自然环境。故选D项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据MadidiNationalPark中“Asoneoftheworld’smostbiologicallydiverseecosystems,theparkformspartoftheBolivianAmazon,oneofSouthAmerica’sbest-preservedareasofrainforest.Thisprotectedsectionisaccessiblebyboat,sogettinghereispartofthefunandexcitement.Youcanseekpinkriverdolphinsandvisitlocalcommunitiesthatworkonthespecialecotourismprojects.(作为世界上最具生物多样性的生态系统之一，该公园是玻利维亚亚马逊雨林的一部分，是南美洲保存最完好的热带雨林之一。这个受保护的区域可以乘船到达，所以来到这里是乐趣和兴奋的一部分。你可以寻找粉红河豚，参观当地从事特殊生态旅游项目的社区。)”可知，马迪迪国家公园是世界上生物多样性最丰富的生态系统之一，有粉红河海豚等多种野生动物，是野生动物爱好者的理想之地。故选D项。BInSeptember,asixth-gradeclassfromaChineseschoolbeganadifferentjourney.Undertheorganizationoftheparentassociation,thestudentsbegana5-kilometermorningjoggingprograminaparkofBeijing,withtheaimofimprovingtheirfitness,buildingself-confidence,anddevelopingpatience.EverySaturdaymorning,withaparentchosenasthecoachtoguidethem,theylaceduptheirshoesandsetoff.Thefirstrunwasarealchallenge.Afterrunningjustseveralhundredmeters,afewstudentswereoutofbreath.Somecouldn’tevenmakeithalfway,andothershadtorelyoneachotherforsupporttoreachthefinishline.However,despitethemanydifficulties,theirdeterminationneverwavered.Alongtheway,manyfeltenergetic.Mostmadeittotheendbycompletingtheir100thrunonSaturdaytocelebratetheirupcominggraduation,astheyhadbeenexercisingregularly.Inrecentyears,somesurveyshaveshownthattherateofobesityamongstudentswhoareshortofexerciseisincreasingrapidly.Accordingtoanauthorityreport,oneinfiveindividualsagedsixtoseventeenisnowoverweight,asignificantrisefromoneintwentyin1995.Inadditiontoweightproblems,thelackofexercisehasalsoledtoanincreaseofshort-sightednessinschools.Recognizingthepotentiallinkbetweendecreasedphysicalactivityandhealth-relatedproblems,variousmeasureshavebeentakentoreducestudents’academicpressureandincreasetheirexercisetime,suchasreducingtheafter-schoolhomeworkburden.Thesixth-gradejoggingprogramservesasaninspiringexample,offeringasolutiontohelpstudentsfindmoretimetoexperiencehealth,happiness,andfriendshipthroughphysicalactivity.Itshowsthatwithdedicationandsupport,evenasimplejoggingroutinecanhaveagreateffectonthewell-beingofyoungstudents.4.Whydidtheparentassociationorganizethemorningjoggingprogram?A.Tomeettheparents’requirements.B.Toliveuptothecoach’sexpectations.C.Toimprovethestudents’physicalandmentalhealth.D.Toreplacetheschool’spresentphysicaleducationclasses.5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudentsinthefirstrun?A.Fewofthemfeltenergetic. B.Mostofthemgaveuphalfway.C.Noneofthemcompletedtherun. D.Notallofthemmadeittotheend.6.Howistheseriousnessofbeingoverweightonstudentsshowninparagraph3?A.Throughdatacomparison. B.Throughanunofficialreport.C.Throughtheschools’prediction. D.Throughindividualimagination.7.Whichwordcanbestdescribethemorningjoggingprogram?A.Traditional. B.Influential. C.Global. D.Limitless.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学校开展晨跑项目来促进学生身心健康。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Undertheorganizationoftheparentassociation,thestudentsbegana5-kilometermorningjoggingprograminaparkofBeijing,withtheaimofimprovingtheirfitness,buildingself-confidence,anddevelopingpatience.(在家长协会的组织下，学生们在北京的一个公园开始了一个5公里的晨跑项目，目的是提高他们的身体素质，建立自信，培养耐心)”可知，家长协会组织晨跑是为了促进学生身心健康。故选C。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Somecouldn’tevenmakeithalfway,andothershadtorelyoneachotherforsupporttoreachthefinishline.However,despitethemanydifficulties,theirdeterminationneverwavered.Alongtheway,manyfeltenergetic.Mostmadeittotheendbycompletingtheir100thrunonSaturdaytocelebratetheirupcominggraduation,astheyhadbeenexercisingregularly.(有些人甚至不能走到一半，有些人不得不互相支持才能到达终点线。然而，尽管困难重重，他们的决心从未动摇。一路上，许多人都感到精力充沛。大多数人在周六完成了第100次跑步，以庆祝即将到来的毕业，因为他们一直在定期锻炼)”可知，并不是所有学生都坚持到了最后。故选D。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Inrecentyears,somesurveyshaveshownthattherateofobesityamongstudentswhoareshortofexerciseisincreasingrapidly.Accordingtoanauthorityreport,oneinfiveindividualsagedsixtoseventeenisnowoverweight,asignificantrisefromoneintwentyin1995.Inadditiontoweightproblems,thelackofexercisehasalsoledtoanincreaseofshort-sightednessinschools.(近年来，一些调查显示，在缺乏锻炼的学生中，肥胖率正在迅速上升。根据一份权威报告，现在6至17岁的年轻人中有五分之一超重，比1995年的二十分之一显著上升。除了体重问题，缺乏锻炼也导致了学校近视的增加)”可知，第3段通过数据比较说明学生超重的严重性。故选A。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thesixth-gradejoggingprogramservesasaninspiringexample,offeringasolutiontohelpstudentsfindmoretimetoexperiencehealth,happiness,andfriendshipthroughphysicalactivity.Itshowsthatwithdedicationandsupport,evenasimplejoggingroutinecanhaveagreateffectonthewell-beingofyoungstudents.(六年级的慢跑项目就是一个鼓舞人心的例子，它提供了一个解决方案，帮助学生们通过体育活动找到更多的时间来体验健康、快乐和友谊。它表明，只要有奉献精神和支持，即使是简单的慢跑也能对年轻学生的健康产生巨大影响)”可知，晨跑项目是有影响力的。故选B。CAraremoss(苔藓)calledtakakiahasadaptedoverhundredsofmillionsofyearstosurvivetheextremesoflifeontheQinghai-TibetPlateau.Andthereisateamofresearcherswhohavebeenstudyingthemossfornearlytenyears.Takakiaincludesjusttwospecies,bothofwhicharefoundonlyontheQinghai-TibetPlateau.Takakiainthislocationhasbeenburiedundersnowforeightmonthsoftheyear,anditfacedstrongUVrayswhenitcamefromitssnowycover.Takakiahasbeendevelopinghereforover65millionyears,withthehabitatincreasinglybecomingextreme.Theresearchersrecordhowclimatechangehasgreatlychangedthemoss’habitatwithinjustafewyears.Andtheteamissurprisedtofindtakakia’sshapein165million-year-oldfossils(化石),showingthatgeneticchangesaffectingtheshapedevelopedmorethan165millionyearsagounderwildlydifferentconditions.Despitehavinghundredsofmillionsofyearstoadapttoclimatechange,thelittlemosswillbeendediftheglobalclimatekeepsgettingwarmer.Sincetheybegantakingmeasurementsoftakakia’shabitatintheearly2010s,theresearchershavedescribedanaveragetemperatureincreaseofalmost0.5℃peryear.Meanwhile,theglacier(冰川)nearsamplesitesismeltingatanalarmingpace-around50metersperyear.Theresearchersnotethattakakia’spopulationshavebecomesignificantlysmalleroverthestudyperiod.Duringthetenyears,thecoverageoftakakia’spopulationsdecreasedby1.6%everyyear,fasterthanthatoffourlocalcommonmosses—atrendtheyexpecttocontinue.“Ourstudyshowshowvaluabletakakiaisintracingthedevelopmentoflandplants.Thepopulationreductionwefoundisfrightening,”aresearchersays.“Luckily,knowingthattheplantisthreatenedbyextinctionalsogivesusachancetoprotectit.Forexample,wecangrowitinthelab,”anotherresearchersays.“Takakiahasseenthedinosaurscomeandgo.Ithasseenushumanscoming.Nowwecanlearnsomethingaboutadaptiveabilityandextinctionfromthismoss.”8.WhatcanbeinferredabouttakakiaontheQinghai-TibetPlateaufromthetext?A.Itshabitatisfreefromsnow.B.IthasbeendevelopingwildlyinChina.C.Ithasadaptedtoextremeconditionsforquiteatime.D.Itsgeneshavebeenunchangedformillionsofyears.9.Whatmightbethemainthreattotakakiaaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Theriseofglacialwater. B.Humanharvesting.C.Thecompetitionwiththelocalmosses. D.Globalwarming.10.Whatistheattitudeofthetworesearchersinthelastparagraphtotakakia?A.Curious. B.Concerned. C.Indifferent. D.Impatient.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheAncientHistoryofTakakia B.TheUniqueAdaptiveAbilityofTakakiaC.TheThreatenedSurvivalofTakakia D.TheRapidlyIncreasingPopulationofTakakia【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述角叶藻苔在青藏高原长期适应极端环境，现因全球变暖数量锐减，生存受威胁【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Araremoss(苔藓)calledtakakiahasadaptedoverhundredsofmillionsofyearstosurvivetheextremesoflifeontheQinghai-TibetPlateau.(一种名为‘角叶藻苔’的稀有苔藓已经在数亿年的时间里适应了青藏高原极端的生存环境。)”以及第二段“Takakiahasbeendevelopinghereforover65millionyears,withthehabitatincreasinglybecomingextreme.(角叶藻苔已经在这里发展了超过6500万年，其栖息地越来越极端。)”可知，角叶藻苔在相当长的一段时间里已经适应了极端条件。故选C。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Despitehavinghundredsofmillionsofyearstoadapttoclimatechange,thelittlemosswillbeendediftheglobalclimatekeepsgettingwarmer.(尽管有数亿年的时间来适应气候变化，但如果全球气候继续变暖，这种小苔藓将会灭绝。)”可知，对角叶藻苔的主要威胁是全球变暖。故选D。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Ourstudyshowshowvaluabletakakiaisintracingthedevelopmentoflandplants.Thepopulationreductionwefoundisfrightening,’aresearchersays.‘Luckily,knowingthattheplantisthreatenedbyextinctionalsogivesusachancetoprotectit.’(一位研究人员说：‘我们的研究表明，角叶藻苔在追踪陆地植物的发展方面是多么有价值。我们发现的数量减少是令人恐惧的。幸运的是，知道这种植物受到灭绝的威胁也给了我们一个保护它的机会。’)”可知，研究人员认为角叶藻苔数量减少令人恐惧，并且提到要保护它，所以他们对角叶藻苔的态度是担忧的。故选B。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了角叶藻苔在青藏高原适应极端环境生存了很长时间，但是由于全球气候变暖，其栖息地发生变化，数量显著减少，面临灭绝的威胁。所以C选项TheThreatenedSurvivalofTakakia(角叶藻苔受到威胁的生存状况)符合文章主旨，可以作为最佳标题。故选C。DInourfast-pacedworld,musicoftenservesasbothasourceofjoyandstress.Whileitcanupliftourspiritsandprovidecomfort,itcanalsobecomeoverwhelming,especiallywhendeadlinesapproachorpressuresstrengthen.Thatismusicstress,afeelingofnervousness,worry,oruneasethatcancomefromlisteningtoorplayingmusic.Musicstresscanappearindifferentsigns,rangingfromphysicalreactions,suchasheadaches,tomentaldisturbances,suchasanxietyanddepression.Insomeways,musicstressissimilartomoregeneralexperiencesofstress.Forexample,bothcancauseeffectssuchasheadaches,anddifficultyinconcentrating.However,musicstressiscausedbyamorespecificformoffactor—music,whichtendstoproduceveryspecifictypesofreactions.Forexample,certaintypesofmusiccanstirupanemotionalresponse,suchassadness.Thiscanleadtoincreasedstresslevels.Similarly,certainkindsofnoise,likeextremelyloudordissonant(刺耳的)sounds,cancausepeopletobecomeoverwhelmed.Whilethiscanbehelpfulforsomepurposes,suchascreatingasenseoftensioninfilm,insomecases,itcanbedifficulttohandleandmightevencontributetoheightenedstresslevels.Inaddition,musicstresscanalsoresultfromthepsychologicalcontextinwhichthemusicisheardorplayed.Ifsomeoneislisteningtomusicasawaytoevadehisorhercurrentanxietyorpanic,themusiccancreateafeelingofdisappointmentorstresswhenitcannotprovidetheexpectedeffectorwhentheydon’tlistenmindfully.Understandinghowmusicstresscomescanhelpindividualsbettermanagetheirstresslevels.Ingeneral,anindividual’sexperienceofmusicstresstendstodependonhisorherpersonalpreferencesandpsychologicalstateofbeingatthetime.Ifyouhavealreadybeenfeelingstressed,itmaybebettertotakeabreakfrommusicentirely.12.Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetext?A.Bygivingadefinition. B.Bysharinganexperience.C.Bytakinganexample. D.Byofferingasolution.13.Whatcauseofmusicstressistalkedaboutinparagraph3?A.Theenvironment. B.Listeners'feelings.C.Filmmakers'stateofmind. D.Themusicitself.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evade”inparagraph4mean?A.Express. B.Extend. C.Escape. D.Ensure.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThePowerofMusic:aStressRelieverB.MusicCanSometimesAddtoYourStress.C.MusicStressMightShowUnusualReactionsD.TheScienceBehindMusic:aPsychologicalState【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍音乐压力的概念、表现、成因，指出音乐虽能带来愉悦，但也可能成为压力源。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Thatismusicstress,afeelingofnervousness,worry,oruneasethatcancomefromlisteningtoorplayingmusic.(那就是音乐压力，一种可能来自听音乐或演奏音乐的紧张、担忧或不安的感觉。)”并结合第二段内容可知，作者通过给出“音乐压力”的定义来引入文章话题。故选A项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“However,musicstressiscausedbyamorespecificformoffactor—music,whichtendstoproduceveryspecifictypesofreactions.(然而，音乐压力是由一种更具体的因素——音乐引起的，音乐往往会产生非常特定类型的反应。)”以及后面所举的例子“Forexample,certaintypesofmusiccanstirupanemotionalresponse,suchassadness.Thiscanleadtoincreasedstresslevels.Similarly,certainkindsofnoise,likeextremelyloudordissonant(刺耳的)sounds,cancausepeopletobecomeoverwhelmed.(例如，某些类型的音乐可以激起情绪反应，比如悲伤。这可能会导致压力水平上升。同样，某些类型的噪音，比如非常响亮或刺耳的声音，会让人感到不知所措。)”可知，第三段谈论的音乐压力的原因是音乐本身。故选D项。【14题详析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Ifsomeoneislisteningtomusicasawaytoevadehisorhercurrentanxietyorpanic,themusiccancreateafeelingofdisappointmentorstresswhenitcannotprovidetheexpectedeffectorwhentheydon’tlistenmindfully.(如果有人把听音乐作为一种evade当前焦虑或恐慌的方式，当音乐不能提供预期的效果或当他们没有用心去听时，音乐就会产生失望或压力的感觉。)”并结合语境可知，这里是说把听音乐当作逃避焦虑或恐慌的方式，所以evade意思是“逃避”。故选C项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇指出在快节奏的世界里音乐既是快乐也是压力的来源，接着阐述了音乐压力的表现、产生原因，如音乐本身、听音乐的心理情境等，说明音乐有时会给人带来压力。所以B选项MusicCanSometimesAddtoYourStress.(音乐有时会增加你的压力。)符合文章主旨。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We’refortunatetohaveaccesstoacombinationoftechnologyandtheInternetintheinformationage.Thisproviderichresourcesforlearning,connecting,andentertainingourselves.____16____Itmeansthatthetechnologicaltoolscannotonlyimproveourefficiency,butalsohavethepowertotrapusinawebofdistractions(分心之事).____17____Accordingtoasurvey,asurprising84.4%oftheparticipants,onaverage,arereportedbeingdistractedatwork.Emails,phonecalls,texts,andco-workersdivert(转移)amassive81%ofattention,whiletheInternet,withitsunlimitedsourceofinformationandentertainment,alsodistractsalargepercentofattention.What’smore,thesurveyshowsthatashocking67%ofworkerssaythattheirworkisoftenaffectedbyalargeamountoftimespentinmeetingsandcalls.Thesedistractionsaremorethanannoyances—they’reloudandendlessintheireffortstodivertourattention,pullingusawayfromwhattrulymatters.____18____Anotherstudyprovidesfurtherunderstandingofourchallengeswithdistractions.____19____Thepacequickensforautomaticstimuli(刺激物)butslowsforconscioustasks.Thismakeskeepingfocusinourbusyworldanever-increasingchallenge.Justthinkaboutit:You’refocusedonaproject,andthenyourphoneringswithanotification.____20____Andregainingyourfocusmightbeharderthanyouexpect.Thesamegoesforaninterestingsocialmediapostthatcatchesyoureye-pullingyouawayfromyourtaskandkeepingyouintheseaofdistractions.A.However,everycoinhastwosides.B.Itisnotdifficulttoreturntoyourproject.C.Thedatashowshowcommonthisissueis.D.Easilydistractedpeoplearenotinthemajority.E.TheymakeitimpossibleforustofocusonanysingletaskF.Theinsignificantsoundisenoughtodisturbyourconcentration.G.Itfoundthatbrainwavefrequencyvarieswiththetypeofoutsidestimuli.【答案】16.A17.C18.E19.G20.F【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在信息时代，我们很幸运能够接触到技术和互联网的结合。这为我们学习、交流和娱乐提供了丰富的资源。然而，技术工具不仅可以提高我们的效率，也有可能使我们陷入分心之中。【16题详析】根据上文“We’refortunatetohaveaccesstoacombinationoftechnologyandtheInternetintheinformationage.Thisproviderichresourcesforlearning,connecting,andentertainingourselves.(在信息时代，我们很幸运能够接触到技术和互联网的结合。这为我们学习、交流和娱乐提供了丰富的资源)”提到在信息时代我们能接触科技和网络，这提供了丰富资源用于学习、交流和娱乐，以及下文“Itmeansthatthetechnologicaltoolscannotonlyimproveourefficiency,butalsohavethepowertotrapusinawebofdistractions(分心之事).(这意味着技术工具不仅可以提高我们的效率，而且有能力使我们陷入分心的网络中)”指出技术工具不仅能提高效率，还可能让我们陷入分心之事的网络中。A选项“However,everycoinhastwosides.(然而，事物都有两面性)”起到了承上启下的作用，说明科技和网络有好的一面也有不好的一面。故选A项。【17题详析】根据下文“Accordingtoasurvey,asurprising84.4%oftheparticipants,onaverage,arereportedbeingdistractedatwork.(根据一项调查，平均84.4%的参与者报告说他们在工作中分心，这一比例令人惊讶)”可知，此处是通过调查数据说明人们在工作中分心的情况很普遍。C选项“Thedatashowshowcommonthisissueis.(这些数据表明这个问题是多么普遍)”能够引出下文关于调查数据的内容。故选C项。【18题详析】根据上文“Thesedistractionsaremorethanannoyances—they’reloudandendlessintheireffortstodivertourattention,pullingusawayfromwhattrulymatters.(这些让人分心的事情不仅仅是烦恼——它们吵吵嚷嚷，没完没了地试图转移我们的注意力，把我们从真正重要的事情上拉开)”提到这些分心之事不仅仅是令人烦恼的事，它们努力转移我们的注意力，让我们远离真正重要的事情。E选项“Theymakeitimpossibleforustofocusonanysingletask.(它们使我们不可能专注于任何一项任务)”进一步说明了这些分心之事的危害，与上文衔接紧密。故选E项。【19题详析】根据上文“Anotherstudyprovidesfurtherunderstandingofourchallengeswithdistractions.(另一项研究为我们进一步了解分心带来的挑战提供了帮助)”可知，这里要介绍另一项关于分心的研究结果。G选项“Itfoundthatbrainwavefrequencyvarieswiththetypeofoutsidestimuli.(它发现脑电波频率会随着外界刺激的类型而变化)”符合语境，介绍了研究发现的内容。故选G项。【20题详析】根据上文“You’refocusedonaproject,andthenyourphoneringswithanotification.(你专注于一个项目，然后你的手机响了，有一条通知)”提到手机响了，有一条通知。以及下文说“Andregainingyourfocusmightbeharderthanyouexpect.(重新集中注意力可能比你预期的要难)”说明重新集中注意力可能比你预期的要难。F选项“Theinsignificantsoundisenoughtodisturbyourconcentration.(这个微不足道的声音足以干扰你的注意力)”承上启下，说明手机通知的声音虽小却能干扰注意力，导致很难再集中注意力。故选F项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Igotupalittlelaterthanusualtoday.Ididn’tsleepwelllastnight,partlybecausearotatorcuff(肩袖)issuekeptme___21___.Iwillheadofftohavebreakfastwithmysiblings.___22___mypoorstate,Iwasexcitedthismorning.Ihavefivesiblings.MybrotherTom___23___atage33fromcancer.MybrotherDavehaslivedintohis70sbutis___24___withaterribleneurologicalcondition.MysistersNancyandCarolaregoingaftertheirinterest.Nancyis___25___tomakingfancyBundtcakes,andCarolis___26___simplifyingclutter(杂乱的东西).Idon’tneedalotof___27___,butIunderstandthattheyareimportantforlife’ssatisfaction.They___28___meupwhenI’mdown,celebratemyachievements.Iheavilyinvestinrelationshipwithmysiblings.I___29___withthemalmosteverydayandvisitthemwhenpossible.Wehavemadeita____30____tomeetupatarestaurantaboutonceamonthformanyyears.____31____,weknowwhatishappeningineachother’slivesbyphonecalls,visits,andsocialmedia.However,westill____32____theseface-to-facegrouptimes.Weareallgettingolder,andnoneofuswantsto____33____nottryingtobetogether.Ican’ttellyouhow____34____Ifeeltohavethesepeopleinmylife.Iam____35____thattheyfeelthesamewayaboutme.21.A.alive B.fit C.awake D.safe22.A.Inspiteof B.Inneedof C.Inhonorof D.Inplaceof23.A.gaveup B.passedaway C.brokedown D.setoff24.A.providing B.sharing C.comparing D.struggling25.A.limited B.addicted C.used D.adapted26.A.makingout B.thinkingof C.concentratingon D.agreeingon27.A.connections B.titles C.purposes D.issues28.A.lock B.bring C.cheer D.clear29.A.argue B.compete C.compare D.chat30.A.secret B.tradition C.reality D.success31.A.Actually B.Eventually C.Quickly D.Officially32.A.record B.save C.value D.forget33.A.prefer B.regret C.admit D.suggest34.A.powerful B.curious C.awkward D.fortunate35.A.certain B.afraid C.doubtful D.shocked【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.B26.C27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.C33.B34.D35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者与兄弟姐妹间紧密关系，珍视相聚时光，深感幸运。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我昨晚没睡好，部分原因是肩袖问题让我一直醒着。A.alive活着的；B.fit健康的；C.awake醒着的；D.safe安全的。根据上文“Ididn’tsleepwelllastnight,”可知，肩袖问题使作者一直醒着，没睡好。故选C。【22题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管我状态不佳，但今天早上我还是很兴奋。A.Inspiteof尽管；B.Inneedof需要；C.Inhonorof为纪念；D.Inplaceof代替。根据下文“mypoorstate,Iwasexcitedthismorning.”可知，尽管作者状态不佳，但作者还是很兴奋。故选A。【23题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的兄弟汤姆33岁时因癌症去世。A.gaveup放弃；B.passedaway去世；C.brokedown出故障；D.setoff出发。根据下文“atage33fromcancer.”可推知，此处表示汤姆因癌症去世。故选B。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的兄弟戴夫已经活到了70多岁，但他正与一种严重的神经系统疾病作斗争。A.providing提供；B.sharing分享；C.comparing比较；D.struggling与……作斗争。根据下文“withaterribleneurologicalcondition.”可知，此处表示戴夫正与一种严重的神经系统疾病作斗争。故选D。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：南希沉迷于制作精美的蛋糕，卡罗尔则专注于简化杂乱的东西。A.limited有限的；B.addicted沉迷的；C.used习惯的；D.adapted适应的。根据下文“tomakingfancyBundtcakes,”可知，此处表示南希沉迷于制作精美的蛋糕。beaddictedto为固定短语，意为“沉迷于”。故选B。【26题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.makingout理解；B.thinkingof想起；C.concentratingon专注于；D.agreeingon同意。根据下文“simplifyingclutter(杂乱的东西)”可知，此处表示卡罗尔专注于简化杂乱的东西。故选C。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不需要很多联系，但我明白它们对生活的满足感很重要。A.connections联系；B.titles头衔；C.purposes目的；D.issues问题。根据下文“Iheavilyinvestinrelationshipwithmysiblings.”可知，此处表示作者认为与兄弟姐妹的联系对生活的满足感很重要。故选A。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我情绪低落时，他们会让我振作起来，庆祝我的成就。A.lock锁；B.bring带来；C.cheer欢呼，使高兴；D.clear清除。根据下文“whenI’mdown,celebratemyachievements.”可知，此处表示当作者情绪低落时，兄弟姐妹会让作者振作起来。cheersb.up为固定短语，意为“使某人振作起来”。故选C。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我几乎每天都和他们聊天，并在可能的时候去拜访他们。A.argue争论；B.compete竞争；C.compare比较；D.chat聊天。根据下文“weknowwhatishappeningineachother’slivesbyphonecalls,visits,andsocialmedia.”可知，此处表示作者和兄弟姐妹聊天。故选D。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我们一直保持着每月在餐馆聚一次的传统。A.secret秘密；B.tradition传统；C.reality现实；D.success成功。根据下文“tomeetupatarestaurantaboutonceamonthformanyyears.”可知，此处表示多年来一直保持着每月聚餐一次的传统。故选B。【31题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，我们通过电话、拜访和社交媒体了解彼此的生活。A.Actually实际上；B.Eventually最终；C.Quickly迅速地；D.Officially正式地。根据上文“I______withthemalmosteveryday”以及下文“weknowwhatishappeningineachother’slivesbyphonecalls,visits,andsocialmedia.”可知，此处描述实际情况，作者和兄弟姐妹通过电话、拜访和社交媒体了解彼此的生活。故选A。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们仍然珍视这些面对面的聚会时光。A.record记录；B.save拯救；C.value珍视；D.forget忘记。根据上文“However”和下文“Weareallgettingolder,andnoneofuswantsto______nottryingtobetogether”可知，此处表示尽管通过电话、拜访和社交媒体可以了解彼此的生活，但作者和兄弟姐妹仍然珍视面对面的聚会时光。故选C。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都在变老，没有人愿意因为没有努力相聚而后悔。A.prefer更喜欢；B.regret后悔；C.admit承认；D.suggest建议。根据下文“nottryingtobetogether.”以及语境可知，此处表示没有人愿意因为没有努力相聚而后悔。故选B。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我无法告诉你，生活中有这些人，我感到多么幸运。A.powerful强大的；B.curious好奇的；C.awkward尴尬的；D.fortunate幸运的。根据语境和下文“tohavethesepeopleinmylife.”可知，此处表示作者感到生活中有兄弟姐妹很幸运。故选D。【35题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我确信他们对我也有同样的感觉。A.certain确定的；B.afraid害怕的；C.doubtful怀疑的；D.shocked震惊的。根据下文“thattheyfeelthesamewayaboutme”可知，此处表示作者确信兄弟姐妹对作者自己也有同样的感觉。故选A。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。LiShaoyue,___36___(surround)byherpaintingtools,usuallycreatesinkpaintingsontheinsideofaglassbead,holdingabrushinherhand.ItisreportedthattheyoungwomanfromZibo,ShandongProvince,hasbeenworkingas___37___innerpaintersince2015.Innerpaintingisanational-levelintangible(无形的)culturalheritage,___38___baseismadeofglassandothermaterials.Artistscreatetheirpaintingswithspecialfinebrushes___39___(suit)fortinycontainers.___40___ahistoryofover200years,innerpaintingismainlydividedintofourmajorschools:Beijing,Hebei,Shandong,andGuangdong.Li,afifth-generationinheritor(继承者)oftheShandongorLuschool,___41___(teach)theskillsbyherfather,amasteroftraditionalChinesearts.Shestartedlearninghowtosketchatprimaryschool.AfterhavingmajoredintraditionalChinesepaintinginJingdezhen,JiangxiProvinceduringhercollegeyears,shemadeacommitment___42___(focus)oninnerpainting.Shesaidbesidesherlovefordrawing,herfather’sartisticcareerhadagreateffectonherpursuitofpainting.Busyinherfather’sstudio,Licreatesuptofivepiecesamonthinthestoreandspendstherestofhertime___43___(create)exhibitionpieces.“Ihopemoreyoungpeoplewilljoininaseriesofinnerpainting___44___(ac