《半导体工程专业英语》课件-3.3 Two-Terminal Devices Diodes

微专业---半导体制造技术课程：半导体工程专业英语ContentsSemiconductorProperties半导体特性01SemiconductorMaterials半导体材料02SemiconductorDeviceandHowTheyareUsed半导体器件及其使用03ProcessTechnology工艺技术04FabricationProcesses制造工艺05SemiconductorMaterialsandProcessCharacterization半导体材料与工艺表征06SemiconductorDevicesandHowTheyAreUsed3.1SemiconductorDevices3.2ConstructingSemiconductorDevice3.3Two-TerminalDevices:Diodes3.4ThreeTerminalDevices:Transistors3.5IntegratedCircuits3.6ImageDisplayingandImageSensingDevices3.7Micro-Electro-MechanicalSystems(MEMS)andSensors3.8WearableandImplantableSemiconductorDeviceSystems0311Introduction

Thetwo-terminaldevicesfeaturingrectifyingcurrent-voltage(I-V)characteristicsdiscussedintheprevioussectionarereferredtoasdiodes.Accordingly,p-njunctiondiodesandSchottkydiodesaredistinguished./ˈrektəfaɪɪŋ/整流3

SemiconductorDevicesandHowTheyAreUsed

3.3Two-TerminalDevices:Diodes肖特基12

Thediscussionofsemiconductordiodesinthissectionisfocusedprimarily

onthep-njunctiondiodeswithreferencetoSchottkydiodesinrelationto

specificapplicationsonly.Thisapproachisjustifiedastheformerarethe

mostimportantinpracticalusessemiconductordiodes.3

SemiconductorDevicesandHowTheyAreUsed

3.3Two-TerminalDevices:Diodes3.3.1

DiodesText/ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd/证明【Diodesinelectronics】

Inelectroniccircuitsdiodesactprimarilyasrectifiersconvertingalternatingcurrent(AC)todirectcurrent(DC)./ˈrɛktəˌfaɪərz/整流器/ˈɔltərˌnet/交替的13

Two-terminalsemiconductordeviceconverting

electriccurrentintolightisknownasLightEmittingDiode(LED).InLED,

currentinjectedintothedevicesupplieschargecarrieswhichsubsequently

spontaneouslyrecombine(spontaneousrecombination)andreleaseenergyin

theformoflightintheprocessreferredtoaselectroluminescence.3

SemiconductorDevicesandHowTheyAreUsed

3.3Two-TerminalDevices:Diodes3.3.1

Diodes/spɑːnˈteɪniəsli/自发地【LightEmittingDiodes】/ɪˌlektroˌlʊməˈnesns/电致发光/ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/后来WorkingprincipleoftheLightEmittingDiodes(a)SurfaceEmittingLED(SELED),and(b)EdgeEmittingLED(EELED).14

Thetermphotovoltaics(PV)referstothetechnicaldomain

concernedwithdirectconversionofsunlightintoelectricitybymeansofthe

photovoltaiceffectwhichisaneffectunderlyingoperationofsemiconductor

solarcells.TheprinciplesofthesolarcelloperationisoppositetotheoperationoftheLEDwheretheelectriccurrentisconvertedtolightthrough

theelectroluminescenceprocess.3

SemiconductorDevicesandHowTheyAreUsed

3.3Two-TerminalDevices:Diodes3.3.1

Diodes/ˌfəʊtə(ʊ)vɒlˈteɪɪks/光伏【LightEmittingDiodes】/doʊˈmeɪn/领域/ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ/基础的Generationandseparationofelectronsandholesinthesolarcellresults

in(a)short-circuitcurrentIsc,(b)open-circuit

voltageVoc/ɪˌlektroˌlʊməˈnesns/电致发光15

TheMOScapacitorisessentiallyaparallel-platecapacitorwithoxide

sandwichedbetweenmetalcontactreferredtoasagateandsemiconductor.Withoxidethickenoughthecurrentflowinthedirection

normaltothesurfaceofthesubstrateisprevented.Asaresult,suchtwo

terminalstructurecannotactasadiodeinawaysimilartothep-nand

metal-semiconductorjunctionsdiscussedearlier.Insteadofcontrollingchargeflowbetweenmetalgateandsemiconductor,MOScapsareusedtoimplementfieldeffectforthepurposeofcontrollingcurrentflowinthedirectionparalleltothesurfacebyalteringconductionofthenear-surfaceregionofsemiconductor.3

SemiconductorDevicesandHowTheyAreUsed

3.3Two-TerminalDevices:Diodes3.3.2

Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(MOS)CapacitorsText/ˈpærəlel/平行的/kæps/电容器/ˈɪmplɪment/执行16Metal-oxide-semiconductor(MOS)capacitorwith(a)negativevoltage

onthegate,and(b)positivevoltageonthegate.3

SemiconductorDevicesandHowTheyAreUsed

3.3