《测绘专业英语》课件-9-Errors and mistakes

Unit9Errorsandmistakes主讲人：LiSimengThislessoncontains5sections：1.TheTermsofErrorsandmistakesinsurveying2.TheconceptsofErrorsandmistakes3.ThesourceofErrors4.TypesofErrors5.DistinctionBetweenMistakeandError01WhatIsGeomaticsCONTENTS目录PARTONEWhatIsGeomatics01WhatIsGeomatics1.Errors误差2.Blunder粗差

3.Measurement测量4.Truevalue真值5.Surveying测量6.SystematicErrors系统误差7.Accidentalerrors偶然误差（1）TheTermsofErrorsandmistakesinsurveyingWhatIsGeomatics（2）TheconceptsofErrorsandmistakes

Itcanbeunconditionallystatedthatnomeasurementsareexact,andtheyallcontainerrors.Thetruevalueofameasurementmayneverbeknown.Unconditionallyadv.无条件地，绝对地Statev.说明，陈述Exactadj.精确的Measurementn.测量；测量结果

Measurev.测量n.措施可以绝对地说，没有测量是精确的，它们都有误差。人们可能永远不会知道测量的真值。WhatIsGeomatics（2）TheconceptsofErrorsandmistakes

Why?Thereasonisthatthereisnoonewhosesensesaresufficientlyperfecttomeasureanyquantityexactlyandtherearenoperfectinstrumentswithwhichtodothemeasuring.[ppt4]perfectadj.完美的Imperfectadj.不完美的Sufficientadj.充足的为什么？原因是没有人的感官足够完美，可以准确地鉴别任何数量，测量工作中也没有精度完美的仪器。WhatIsGeomatics（2）TheconceptsofErrorsandmistakes

Sotheresultisthatallmeasurementsareimperfect.Amajorconcerninsurveyingistheprecisionofthework,or,howmuchtheerroris.[ppt5]Surveyingn.（土地）测量Precisionn.精确（性），准确（性）因此，结果是所有的测量都不完美。测量中的一个主要问题是工作的精度，或者误差有多大。WhatIsGeomatics（2）TheconceptsofErrorsandmistakes

Theever-presentdifferencesbetweenmeasuredquantitiesandthetruemagnitudesofthosequantitiesareclassifiedaseithermistakesorerrors.[ppt6]观测值与其真值之间始终存在的差值或为错误或误差。WhatIsGeomatics（2）TheconceptsofErrorsandmistakes

Amistakeisadifferencefromatruevaluecausedbytheinattentionofthesurveyor.Itiscausedbyamisunderstandingoftheproblem,carelessness,orpoorjudgments.Largemistakeisoftenreferredtoasblunders.[ppt7]Inattention前缀in-表否定attention意思为“关心，注意力”，可以理解为“不关心，不注意”，即“疏忽”WhatIsGeomatics（2）TheconceptsofErrorsandmistakes

Causev.造成Carelessnessn.粗心大意

judgmentn.判断

其动词为judge，常用judgefrom。

Referv.指，谈到错误是指由于测量员的疏忽，造成观测值与真值之间的差值。这种错误由测量员对问题的误解，粗心大意或判断失误引起。大错误通常被称为粗差。WhatIsGeomatics（2）TheconceptsofErrorsandmistakes

Everysurveyorwill"makeoccasionalmistakes,butifhelearnstocarefullyapplythecheckstohiswork,hewilldetectandeliminatethesemistakes,orhesystematicallychecksallthework.[ppt8]Occasionaladj.偶然的WhatIsGeomatics（2）TheconceptsofErrorsandmistakes

applyv.应用

（applysthtosth）Detectv.发现、查明

eliminatev.排除；清除每个测量员都会“偶尔犯错误，但如果他学会仔细检查工作，或者他会系统地检查所有工作，就会发现并避免这些错误。WhatIsGeomatics（2）TheconceptsofErrorsandmistakes

Anerrorisadifferencefromatruevaluecausedbytheimperfectionofaperson'ssense,orhisequipment,orweathereffects,Accordingly,anerrorisclassifiedaspersonal,instrumentalandenvironmentalerror.[ppt9]Equipmentn.设备WhatIsGeomatics（2）TheconceptsofErrorsandmistakes

Effectn.影响Beclassifiedas可分为Instrumentn.仪器误差是由人的感官局限、设备受限或天气影响造成的与真值的差异。因此，误差可分为个人因素、仪器因素和环境因素导致的误差。WhatIsGeomatics（2）TheconceptsofErrorsandmistakes

Basedonwhetheranerrorconformstomathematicalorphysicallaws,errorscanbecalledsystematicerrorsorrandomerrors.(2）Errorscan'tbeeliminatedbutcanbeminimizedbycarefulworkcombinedwiththeapplicationofcertainnumericalcorrections.[ppt10]Conformv.相一致；相符合（conformtosth）

WhatIsGeomatics（2）TheconceptsofErrorsandmista