【北师大高一下】专题03 重点语法：介词-关系代词引导的定语从句（必修Unit6-Unit9）高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲（讲解版）

专题03重点语法讲练“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句语法图解观察句子1．(教材P53)AscientistwhowasontheNobelPrizeCommitteecalledHansForssbergexplainedthat...2．(教材P53)Later，shestudiedChinesemedicinefortwoandahalfyearswithexpertsinthefieldfromwhomshegainedadeepknowledgeabouttraditionalpractices.3．(教材P53)Thereasonwhythiswasdifficultwasthattheteamhadlimitedresources.4．(教材P53)Theydidnothaveenoughstaff,andthelaboratoryinwhichtheyworkedhadpoorairquality.5．(教材P55)In1969,TuYouyouwaschosentoestablishateamwhosegoalwastofindacureformalaria...我的领悟1．例句1和5为关系代词引导的定语从句。2．例句3为关系副词引导的定语从句。3．例句2和4为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。语法考点精讲一、关系代词的确定关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常由“介词＋which/whom”引导。若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指物时只能用which，关系代词指人时只能用whom；如果关系代词作定语，也可用whose。◆TheladderonwhichIwasstandingbegantoslip.我脚下站着的梯子开始滑动。◆We'llgotoseethefamoussingeraboutwhomwehavetalked.我们将去看望我们谈到的那位著名的歌手。◆ThisistheboywithwhosepenIwrotealetterjustnow.这就是那个男孩，刚才我用他的钢笔写了一封信。[即时演练1]——单句语法填空(1)(2020·江苏卷)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline，fromstudentscanchooseforfree.(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpondintheyraisedfish.(3)Itisknowntoallthattheoldscientist，forlifewashardinthepast，stillworksveryhardinhiseighties.(4)Weallrespectourfather,withhelpwebecomeusefulpersons.答案：1，which2,which3,whom4,whose二、介词的选取“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用根据上下文要表达的具体意思、先行词的习惯搭配或定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配而定。具体用法如下：1．根据上下文要表达的具体意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。◆Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.(＝Mybrotherhasworkedwiththepilotfortenyears.)这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.(＝Mysonwassavedbythepilot.)这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。2．根据定语从句修饰的先行词的习惯搭配来确定介词。◆Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwemetforthefirsttime?你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？(ontheday)3．根据定语从句中某些单词或短语的习惯搭配来确定介词。有时候，这个介词可能就是在定语从句中作谓语的动词短语中的一个固定介词。◆Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?这就是你花高价买的那辆汽车吗？(payfor)◆ThisisthecomputeronwhichIspent3，000yuan.这就是我花3000元买的电脑。(spendmoneyonsth.)◆Thetwothingsabout/ofwhichhewasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.他不确定的两项是语法和一些成语。(besureabout/of)[即时演练2]——单句语法填空(1)(2018·江苏卷改编)Self­drivingisanareainwhichChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.(2)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,customerscanalsodriveyoumad.(3)ThepersontowhomIspokejustnowismyEnglishteacher.(4)ThefarmonwhichIonceworkedhastakenonanewlook.答案：1,in2,for3,to4,on三、“介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法1．“介词＋关系代词”前出现不定代词(all、both、none、neither、many、few、therest等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the＋最高级/比较级”等，用来表示部分、数目等意义。◆Theeventwasorganizedbytwopeople,neitherofwhomisaprofessional.这次活动是由两个人组织的，他们都不是专业人士。◆Thefootballteamhas15members,theoldestofwhomis25yearsold.这支足球队有15名队员，其中最大的25岁。2．在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如lookafter、lookfor等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。◆Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.(误)◆Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)正在被护士照顾的婴儿们很健康。3．在“the＋名词＋of＋关系代词”或“of＋关系代词＋the＋名词”中一定不能漏掉冠词the；在“whose＋名词”结构中一定不能加上冠词the。◆Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.＝Iliveintheroom,ofwhichthewindowsfacesouth.＝Iliveintheroom,whosewindowsfacesouth.4．引导定语从句的关系副词when、where、why在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语时，可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成相应的“介词＋which”结构。◆ItwasaspecialdaywhenIsawtheadmirablepersoninmyheart.＝ItwasaspecialdayonwhichIsawtheadmirablepersoninmyheart.那是一个特殊的日子，在那天，我见到了我心中敬佩的人。◆Itwastheroomwherehehadlivedfortenyears.＝Itwastheroominwhichhehadlivedfortenyears.这就是他住了十年的屋子。5．theway后接定语从句时关系词的选择theway(方式，方法)作先行词，后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语，则用inwhich/that,关系词也可省略；若关系词在从句中作宾语、主语等，关系词用which/that,且关系词在从句中作宾语时也可省略。◆Theway(inwhich/that)hetreatschildrenisverygood.他对待孩子们的方式非常好。◆Theway(which/that)youtoldmeyesterdaydoesn'twork.你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。[即时演练3]——句型转换(1)Atthemeetingheexplainedthereasonwhyhewaslateagain.→Atthemeetingheexplainedthereason．(2)Therearetwobuildings,andthelargerofthemstandsnearlyahundredfeethigh.→Therearetwobuildings,．(3)Luckily,we'dbroughtaroadmap.Withoutitwewouldhavelostourway.→Luckily,we'dbroughtaroadmap．(4)GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhereIwasborn.→Greatchangesh