语言学教程测试题及答案

Chapte.l.Introduction.t.Linguistics

I...Choos.th.bes.answer.(20%)

l...Languag.i..syste.o.arbitrar.voca.symbol.use.fo.human.

A.contact.B.comniunication...C.relation....D.community

2...Whic.o.th.followin.word.i.entirel.arbitrary

..A.tree..B.typewriter...C.crash....D.bang

3..Th.functio.o.th.sentenc.**Wate.boil.a.l0.degree.Centigrade..is

...A.interrogative(疑问).B.directive.C.informative...D.performative

4..I.Chines.whc.someon.break..bow.o..plat.th.hos.o.th.peopl.prcseii.ar.likel.t.say"碎碎(岁

岁)平安”

a..mcan.o.controllin.th.force.whic.the.believc.fee.migh.afTec.thei.lives.VVhic.function.doe.i.per

form

.A.InterpersonaL.B.Emotive.C.PerformativeV...D.Recreationai

5.Wpert.o.languag.enable.languag.user.t.overcom.th.barrier.cause.b.ti

m.an.place.du.t.thi.featur.o.language.speaker.o..languag.ar.f're.t.tal.abou.anythin.i.an.situatio

n

・A.l¥ansferability..B.Duality..C.Displacement..D.Arbitrariness

6.Stud.th.followin.dialogue.Wha.functio.doe.i.pla.accordin.t.th.function.o.language

....nic.day.isn,.it

...Right..reall.enjo.th.sunlight.

..A.Emotive..B.Phatic...C.Performative...D.Interpersonal

7..refer.t.th.actua.realizatio.o.th.idea.languag.user,

sknowledg.o.th.rule.o.hi.languag.i.utterances.

..A.Performance..B.Competence.C.Langue...D.Parole

8...VVhe..do.i.barking.yo.assum.i.i.barkin.fo.somethin.o.a.someon.tha.exist.hea.an.now.Lco

uldn,.b.sorrowfu.fo.som.los.lov.o.los.bone.Thi.indicate.th.desig.featur.o..

.A.cultura.transmission.B.productivity.C.displacement...D.duality

9....answer.suc.question.a.ho.w.a.infant.acquir.ou.firs.language.

..A.PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropologica.Iinguistics

C.Sociolinguistics..D.AppIie.linguistics

10..cation.

.A.Linguisti.theory............B.Practica.linguistics

C.Applie.linguistics.........D.Comparativ.linguistics

II...Decid.whethe.th.followin.statement.ar.tru.o.false.(10%)

11...Languag.i..mean.o.Yerba.conimunication.Therefore.th.conimunicatio.wa.use.b.th.deaf-

mut.i.no.language.F

12...Languag.chang.i.uiiiversal.ongoin.an.arbitrary.TF

13...Smunicatio.systeins.FT

14...Languag.i.writte.becaus.writin.i.th.pnmar.mediu.fD.al.laiiguages.F

15...VV.wer.al.bor.wit.th.abilit.t.acquir.language.whic.niean.th.detail.o.an.languag.syste.ca.b

.geneticall.transmitted.F

16...Omunicate.F

17...F.d.Sau$sure.wh.mad.th.distinctio.betwee.langu.an.parol.i.th.earl.20t.century.wa..Fren

c.linguist..Swiss

18....stud.o.th.feature.o.th.Englis.use.i.Shakespeare'.tim.i.a.exanipl.o.th.diachroni.stud.o.l

anguage.F

19...S.bein.a.muc.th.sani.tini.i.huma.history.F

20...Al.th.Ianguage.i.th.worl.toda.hav.bot.spoke.an.wntte.forms.F

III...Fil.i.th.blanks.(K)%)

21...Language.broadl.speaking.i..mean.o._munication.

22...I..innumerabl.se

ntence.base.o.liniite.rules.Thi.featur.i.usuall.terme._creativity.

23..・Languag.ha.man.functions.W.ca.us.languag.t.tal.abou.itself.Thi.functio.i.___mctalingu

a.function.

24...Theor.tha.primitiv.ma.mad.involuntar.voca.noise.whil.performin.heav.wor.ha.bee.calle

.th.__yo-lie-ho.theory.

25...Linguistic.i.th._scientific.stud.o.language.

26...Moder.linguistic.i._descriptive.i.th.sens.tha.th.linguis.trie.t.discove.wha.langu

ag.i.rathe.tha.la.dow.som.rule.fo.peopl.t.observe.

27...On.genera.principl.o.linguisti.analysi.i.th.primac.o.___speech.ove.writing.

28...Th.descriptio.o..languag.a.i.change.throug.tini.i.._diachronic_linguistic.study.

29...Saussur.pu.forwar.tw.importan.concepts.Jangue.refer.t.th.abstrac.linguisti.s

munity.

30...Linguisti.potentia.i.simila.t.Saussure7.langu.aii.Chomsky'._competence.

IV...Explai.th.followiii.terms.usin.examples.(20%)

31.Designfeature

Designfeature:Itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifference

betweenhumanlanguageandanysystemofanimalcommunication.

32.Displacement

Displacement:Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsand

concepts,whicharenotpresent(intimeandspace)at(hemomentofcommunication.

33.Competence

Competence.1.i.a.essentia.par.o.perfbrmance.I.i.th.speaker*.knowledg.o.hi.o.he.language.tha.is.o

.it.soun.structure.it.words.an.it.grammatica.rules.Competenc.is.i..way.a.encyclopedi.o.language.M

pctenc.i.generall.unconscious..transformational-generativ.gram

petence.

34...Synchroni.linguistics

Synchroni.linguistics.I.refer.t.th.stud.o..languag.a..give.poin.i.time.Th.tim.studie.ma.b.eithe.th.pres

en.o..particula.poin.i.th.pastsynchroni.analyse.ca.als.b.mad.o.dea.Ianguages.suc.a.Latin.Synchroni

.linguistic.i.contraste.wit.diachroni.linguistics.th.stud.o..languag.ove..perio.o.time.

V...Answe.th.followin.questions.(20%)

35...Wh.d.peopl.tak.dualit.a.on.o.lh.importan.desigJeature.o.huma.languag.Ca.yo.teLu.wha.lang

uag.wil.b.i.i.ha.n.suc.desig.featur.(南开大学,2004)

Dductive..larg.numbe.o.differen.unit.ca.b.forme.ou.o..smal.numbe.o.ele

ment..fo.instance.ten.o.thousand.o.woid.ou.o..smal.se.o.sounds.aroun.4.i.th.cas.o.th.Englis.langua

ge.An.ou.o.th.hug.numbe.o.words.ther.ca.b.astronomica.nuirbe.o.possibLsentence.an.phraseswhic

.bin.t.for.unlimite.numbe.o.texts.Mmunicatio.system.d.no.hav.thi.desig.f

catur.o.huma.language.I.inunicationa.systc

.whic.wil.b.highl.limited.I.binalions.e.g.words.whic.ar.di

stinc.i.meaning.

36...Wh.i.i.difficul.t.defin.languag.(北京第二外国语大学,2004)

I.i.difficul.t.defin.language.a.i.i.suc..genera.ter.tha.cover.to.man.things.Thus.definition.fb.i.al.hav.

thci.ow.spccia.cmphasis.an.ar.no.totall.frc.fro.limitations.

VI...Analyz.th.foliowin.situation.(20%)

37...Ho.ca..linguis.mak.hi.analysi.scientifi.(青岛海洋大学，1999)

I.shoul.b.guide.b.th.fou.principle.o.science.exhaustiveness.consistency.econorn.an.objectivit.an.f

cedure.for.hypothesi..collec.dat..chec.agains.th.obsen?.t..conclusio

n.

I.

l-.BACCC..........................6-I.BACAC

II.

ll-l.FFTFE........................16〜2.FFFFF

III.

21.verbal................................22.productivit..creativity

23.metalingua.function...............24.yo-he-ho

25.scientific..........................26.descriptive

27.speech..........................28.diachroni.linguistic

29.petence.

Chapte.2.Speec.Sounds

I...Choos.th.bes.answer.(20%)

1...Pitc.varialio.i.know.a..whe.it.pattem.ar.impose.o.sentences.

..A.intonation.B.tone..C.pronunciation..........D.voice

2...Conventional!...i.pu.i.slashe.(./).

..A.allophone..B.phone[..C.phoneme/..D.morpheme

23...Th.qualitie.o.vowel.depen.upo.th.positio.o.th.___tongue.an.th.lips.

24...On.elemen.i.th.descnptio.o.vowel.i.th.par.o.th.tongu.whic.i.a.th.highes.poin.i.th.mouth.sec

on.clcmcn.i.th.___height.t.whic.tha.par.o.th.tongu.i.raised.

25...Cduce.withou._obstruction.

26...I.phonologica.analysi.th.woid.fai..vei.ar.clistinguishabl.simpl.becaus.o.th.tw.phonenie./f../v/.

Thi.i.a.exampLfo.illustratin._minima.pairs.

27...I.Englis.ther.ar..numbe.o.diphthongs.wduce.b.movin.fro.on.vowe.posi

ervenin.positions.

28...Coarticulation.refer.t.th.phenomeno.o.sound.continuall.sho.th.influenc.o.thei.nei

ghbors.

29..._Phonemes.i.th.smalles.linguisli.unit.

30...Sduc.pattern.o.sound.Thes.niovement.hav.a.e

ffec.o.th._ai.stream.comin.fro.th.lungs.

IV...Explai.th.fbllowin.terms.usin.examples.(20%)

31...Soun.assimilation

Soun.assimilation.Spccc.sound.seldo.occu.i.isolation.I.connccte.speech.unde.th.influenc.o.thei.nci

ghbors.ar.replace.b.othe.sounds.Sometime.tw.ncighborin.sound.influcnc.eac.othc.an.ar.replacc.b..t

hir.soun.whic.i.differen.fro.bot.origina.sounds.Tces.i.calle.soun.assimilation.

32...Suprasegmenta.feature

Suprasegmenta.featuie.Tli.phoneti.featiire.tha.occu.abov.th.leve.o.th.segment.ar.calle.suprasegme

pcrtic.o.suc.unit.a.th.syllabic.th.word.an.th.scntcncc.Th.mai.

onation.an.tone.

33...Complementar.distribulion

Complementar.distribution.Th.differen.allophone.o.th.sani.phonem.neve.occu.i.th.sam.phoneti.co

ntext.Whe.tw.o.mor.allophme.o.on.phonem.neve.occu.i.th.sam.linguisti.environmen.the.ar.sai.t.b.i

.complementar.distribution.

34...Distinctiv.features

Distinctiv.features.I.refcr.t.th.fcature.tha.ca.distinguis.on.phoneni.fro.another.I.w.ca.grou.th.phone

me.inl.tw.categories.on.wit.：hi.featur.an.th.o(he.without.thiJeatur.i.calle..distinc(iv.feature.

V...Answe.th.followin.questions.(20%)

35...Wha.i.acousti.phonetics(中国人民大学,2003)

Acousti.phonetic.deal.wit.tk.transmissio.o.specc.sound.throug.th.air.Wduce.i.c

ause.mino.ai.disturbance.(soun.waves).Variou.instrument.ar.use.t.measur.th.characteristic.o.lhes.so

un.waves.

36...Wha.ar.th.difference.betwee.voice.sound.an.voiceles.sound.i.term.o.articulation(南开大

学，2004)

Whe.th.voca.corci.ar.sprea.apart.th.ai.fro.th.lung.passe.betwee.the.unimpeded.Sduce.i.thi.

wa.ar.dcscribc.a.voicclcss.consonant.[ducc.i.thi.way.Bu.whc.th.voca.cord.ar.draw.togcth

er.th.ai.fro.th.lung.repeatedl.pushe.the.apar.a.i.passe.through.creatin..vibratio.effect.Sound.prc<luce

.i.thi.wa.ar.describe.a.voiced.fb.z.d.ar.voice.consonants.

VI...Analyz.th.followin.situation.(20%)

37...Writ.th.symbo.tha.corrcspond.t.cac.o.th.fbllowin.phoncti.descriptions.thc.giv.a.Englis.wor.t

ha.contain.thi.sound.Example.voice.alveola.sto.[d.dog.(青岛海洋大学，1999)

..(1)..voiceles.bilabia.unaspirate.stop

..(2)..lo.fron.vowel

..(3)..latera.liquid

..(4)..vela.nasal

..(5)..erdenta.fricative

答案I.

1-5..ACDAA..........................6〜l.DBABB

IL

11〜l.TTTFF..........................16-2.TTTFF

III.

21.voiced,voiceless,voiced.........22.friction

23.tongue...........................24.hcight

25.obstruction..........................26.minima.pairs

27.diphthongs..........................28.Co-articulation

29.Phonemes..........................30.ai.streain

36.

.............Chapte..Lexicon

I...Choos.th.bes.answer.(20%)

1...Nouns.verb.an.adjective.ca.b.classifie.a..

..A.lexica.words..B.grammalica.words..

..C.functio.words...D.forwords

2...Morpheme.tha.represen.tense.number.gende.an.cas.ar.calle..morpheme.

..A.inflectional..B.free..C.bound...D.derivational

3...Ther.ar..morphenie.i.th.wor.denationalization.de+nation+al+iz+ation

..A.three...B.four....C.five...D.six

4...LEnglis.-is.an.-tio.ar.calle..

..A.prefixes...B.suffixes...C.infixes....D.stems

5...Th.thre.subtype.o.affixe.are.prefix.suffi.an..

..A.derivationa.affix..B.inflectiona.affix.C.infix.D.back-formation

6..........................i..wa.i.whic.ne.word.ma.b.forme.fro.aliead.existin.word.b.subtractin.a.affi.whic.i

.though.t.b.par.o.th.oLword.

..A.affixation..B.back-formation..C.insertion..D.addition

7...Th.wor.T.i.forme.i.th.wa.o..

..A.acronymy..B.clipping...C.inilialism...D.blending

8...Th.word.lik.comsa.an.sitco.ar.forme.b..

..A.blending..B.clipping..C.back-fbrmation...D.acronymy

9...Th.ste.o.disagreementi..

..A.agreement.B.agree..C.disagree.D.disagreement

10...Al.o.the.ar.meaningfu.excep.fo..

..A.lexeme.B.phoneme..C.morpheme....D.allomorph

II...Decid.whethe.th.followin.statement.ar.tru.o.false.(IO%)

11...Ppoun.alway.fall.o.th.firs.eliment.whil.th.secon.elemen.rece]ve.s

econdar.stress.

12...For.a.i.foretel.i.bot..prefi.an..boun.moq)heme.

13...Bas.rcfcr.t.th.par.o.th.wor.tha.rcmain.vvhc.al.inflcctiona.affixe.ar.rcmovcd.

14...I.mos.cascs.prefixe.chang.th.meanin.o.th.bas.wherea.suffixe.chang.th.word-clas.o.th.basc.

15...Cces.o..word.

16...RpOLn.i.fonne.b.repeatin.ih.sam.morphem.o..word.

17...Th.word.whimper.whispe.an.whistl.ar.forme.i.th.wa.o.onomatopoeia.

18...I.nios.cases.(h.numbe.o.syllable.o..wor.correspond.t.th.nunibe.o.morphemes.

19...Bductiv.wa.o.word-formations.

20...Inflcctio.i..particula.wa.o.\vord-fonnations.

III...Fil.i.th.blanks.(20%)

21...A..i.pronounce.lette.b.letter.whil.a..i.pronounce.a..word.

22...Lexicon.i.mos.cases.i.synonymou.wit..

23...Oithographically.compound.ar.writte.i.thre.ways...an..

24...ALword.ma.b.sai.t.contai..roo..

25....smnoun.belon.t..class.whil.th.larges.par.o

.nouns.verbs.adjective.an.adverb.belong.t..class.

26....ces.o.deriva(ces.o.shorlening.

27....ductive.becaus.Englis.ha.los.mos.o.it.inflectiona.ending.b.th.en.o.

Middl.Eerchangeabl.a.verb.o.nouns.verb.o.adjectives.a

n.vic.versa.

28...Wpoun.an.dcrive.word.o.th..level.

29....worJbrme.b.derivatio.i.calle...an..wor.formpoundin.i.calle..

30...Boun.morpheme.ar.classifie.int.tw.types..an..

IV...Explai.lh.fbllowin.terms.usin.examples.(20%)

31...Blending

32...Allomorph

33...Closcd-clas.word

34...Morphologica.rule

V...Answe.th.followin.questions.(2()%)

35...Ho.man.type.o.morpneme.ar.ther.i.th.Englis.languag.Wha.ar.the.(厦门大学，2003)

36...Wha.ar.th.mai.feature.o.th.Epounds

VI...Analyz.th.followin.si(uaiion.(20%)

37...Mate.lh.lerm.unde.COLUM..wit.th.underline.form.fro.COLUM.I.(武汉大学，2004)

I..................................II

(1)..acronym........................a...foe

(2)..fre.morpheme............b...subconscious

(3)..derivationa.morpheme.......c...UNESCO

(4)..inflcctiona.morpheme.......d...overwhelmed

(5)..prefix........................e...calculation

Key:

I.

I〜5..AACBB...........................6-l.BCADB

II.

11〜l.FTFTT..........................16-2.FTFFF

HL

2l.initialism.acronym...............22.vocabulary

23.solid.hyphenaced.open.........24.morpheme

25.close.open...........................26.back-formation

27.conversion...........................28.morpheme

29.pound..........30.affix.boun.root

IV.

31...Blending.I.binin.th.meaning.an.soun

d.o.tw.words.on.o.whic.i.no.i.it.ful.for.o.bot.o.whic.ar.no.i.thei.ful.fbrms.lik.newscas.(ncw..broadc

ast).brunc.(breakfas..lunch)

32...Allomorph.I.i.an.o.th.varian.form.o..morphem.a.conditione.b.positio.o.adjoinin.sounds.

33...Close-clas.word.I.i..wor.whos.niembershi.i.fixe.o.limiied.Pronouns.prepositions.conjunctio

ns.articles.etc.ar.al.closed-clas.words.

34...Morphologica.rule.I.ern.whic.affi.ca.b.adde.t.wha.typ.o.bas.i.for..ne.word.e.g.

-l.ca.b.adde.t..nou.(.fbr.a.adjective.

V.

Omit.

VI.

37.

(l.c..........(2.a..........(3.e..........(4.d..........(5.b

.............Chapte.4.Syntax

L.Choos.th.bes.answer.(20%)

1...Th.scntcnc.structur.i..

.A.onLlinear.................B.onl.hierarchical

.C.complex...................D.bot.linea.an.hierarchica.

2...Th.syntacti.rule.o.an.languag.ar.___.i.number.

.A.large...B.small....C.finite....D.infinit.

3...Th..rule.ar.th.rule.tha.grou.word.an.phrase.t.for.grammatica.sentences.

..A.lexical..B.morphological.C.linguistic..D.combinationa.

4....sentcnc.i.considcrc.___.whe.i.doc.no.confor.t.th.grammati¬ca.knowlcdg.i.th.min.o.nativ.sp

eakers.

..A.right.B.wrong..C.grammatical....D.ungrammatica.

5…..roduce.th.embedde.clause.

..A.coordinator..B.particle..C.preposition..D.subordinato.

6...Phras.structur.rule.hav.___.properties.

..A.recursive.B.grammatical..C.social...D.functiona.

7...Phras.structur.rulc.allo.ut.bctte.undcrstan..

..A.ho.word.an.phrasc.for.sentences.

..B.wha.constitute.th.graniinaticalit.o.string.o.word.

..C.duc.an.recogniz.possibl.senlence.

..D.al.o.th.above.

8...Th.hea.o.th.phras.**th.cit.Rome.i..

..A.th.city...B.Rome.C.city.........D.th.cit.Rome

9...Th.phras."o.th.shclf.bclong.t..construction.

...A.endocenlric..B.exocen(ric..C.subordinate..D.coordinale

10..Th.sentenc."The.wer.\vante.t.remai.quie.an.no.t.expos.thcmselves..i...sentence.

...A.simple..B.coordinate.C.compound....D.complex

IL.Decid.whethe.th.foliowin.statement.ar.tru.o.false.(10%)

11..Uernali

ze.linguisti.knowledg.o.Jpetence.

12..Th.syntacti.rule.o.an.languag.ar.finit.i.nunibcr.bu.ther.i.n.limi.t.th.nuinbe.o.scntcnce.nativspca

prehend.

13..I..comple.sentence.th.tw.clause.hol.unequa.status.on.subordinatin.th.other.

14..Constituent.(ha.ca.b.substitute.fo.on.anothe.wilhou.los.o.grammaticalit.belon.t.th.sam.syntacti.

category.

15..Mino.lexica.categorie.ar.ope.becaus.thes.categorie.ar.no.fixe.an.ne.meniber.ar.allowe.for.

16..I.EmonI.ly.nou

.phrase.ver.phrase.infinitiv.phrase.an.auxiliar.phrase.

17..I.Englis.th.subjec.usuall.precede.th.ver.an.th.direc.objec.usuall.follow.ih.verb.

18..Wplet.lis.o.word.an.phrase.rathe.thagra

mmatica.knowledge.

19...nou.phras.mus.contai..noun.bu.othe.element.ar.optional.

20..Li.believe.tha.phras.structur.rules.wit.th.insertio.o.th.lexicon.generat.sentence.a.th.leve.o.D-str

ucture.

III.Fil.i.th.blanks.(20%)

21....sentenc.consist.o..singLclaus.whic.con(ain..subjec.an..predicat.an.stand.alon.a.it.o

w.sentence.

22....i..struc(ura]plet.stat

mand.

23....ma.b..nou.o..nou.phras.i..sentenc.tha.usuall.precede.th.predicate.

24..Tprise..finit.ver.o..ver.phras.an.whic.say.somethin.abou.th.subjec.i.g

rammaticall.calle..

25.....th.other.

26..I.ple.sentence.thincorporate.o.subordinat.claus.i.normall.calle.a..clause.

27..Majo.lexica.categorie.ar..categories.th.sens.tha.ne.word.ar.constantl.added.

28...conditio.o.cas.assignmen.state.tha..cas.assigno.an..cas.recipien.shoul.sta.adjacen.t.

eac.other.

29...ar.syntacti.option.o.U.tha.allo.genera.principle.t.operat.i.on.way.o.anothe.an.contr

ibut.t.significan.linguisti.variation.bctwcc.an.anion.natural..languages.

30..Th.thcor.o..conditio.cxplain.th.fac.tha.nou.phrase.appea.onl.i.subjec.an.objcc.positi

ons.

IV..Explai.lh.followin.terms.usin.examples.(20%)

31..Syntax

32..Lanalysis

33..Hierarchica.structure

34..Trac.theory

V...Answe.th.followin.questions.(20%)

35..Wha.ar.endocentri.constructio.an.exocentri.constructio.(武汉大学，2004)

36..Distinguis.th.tw.possibl.meaning.o.<4mor.beaulifu.nowers.b.mean.o.I.analysis.(d匕京第二夕卜

国语大学,2004)

VI.Analyz.th.followin.situation.(20%)

37..Dra..tre.diagra.accordin.t.ih.P.rule.t.sho.(h.dee.slructur.o.(h.sentence:

...Th.studen.wrot..lelte.yesterday.

Key:

I.

1〜.DCDDD.................6〜LADDBA

II.

II〜l.TTTTF....................16〜2.FTFTT

III.

21.simple......................22^entence

23.subject...................24.predicate

25.complex.........................26.embedded

27,open.....................28.Adjacency

29.Parameters..............3O.Case

IV.

31..Syntax.Sbine.t.fbr.sentence.i..language.o.simpl

y.th.scud.o.th.fbrmatio.o.sentences.

32..I.analysis.Inimediat.constituen.analysis.I.analysi.fo.short.refer.t.tli.analysi.o..sentenc.i.term.o.i

t.imniediat.constituent..wor.group.(phrases)..th.ininiediat.constituent.o.thei.

ces.goe.o.unti.th.ultimat.sak.o.convenience.

33..Hicrarchica.structurc.I..structura.constitucnt.an.show.th

.syn(acti.categor.o.eac.structura.constituent.suc.a.NP.V.an.PP.

34..Trac.theor),.Afte.th.niovemen.o.a.elemen.i..sentenc.ther.wil.b..trac.lef.i.th.oiigina.position.Thi.

i.th.notio.lrac.i.T-.grammar.It'.rmatio.fo.sem

.fro.th.surfac.structure.E.g.Th.passiv.Dam.ar.buil.b.beavers.differ.fro.th.a

ctiv.Bcaver.buil.dams.i.implyin.tha.al.dam.ar.buil.b.beavers.I.w.ad..trac.elemen.represente.b.th.lett

e..afte.buiI.i.th.passiv.a.Drmatio.tha.th.wor.dam.wa.ori

ginall.th.objcc.o.buil.i.als.capturc.b.th.surfac.structurc.Tvc.t.b.no.onl.thcorcticalLsigni

fican.bu.als.empiricall.valid.

V.

35.

A.endocentii.constructio.i.on.whos.distributio.i.functionall.equivalent.o.appioachin.equivalence.t.

on.o.it.constituents.whic.serve.a.th.center.o.head.o.th.whole..typica.exampl.i.th.thre.smal.childre.w

it.childre.a.i(.head.Th.exocentri.construction.opposit.t.th.firs.type.i.define.negativel.a..constru^tio.

whos.distributio.i.no.functionalLcquivalcn.t.an.o.it.constitucnts.Prcpositiona.phrasa.lik.o.th.shcl.ar.

typica.example.o.thi.type.

36.

...(I.mor..beau(ifu.flowers

...(2.mor.beautifu..flowers

..........Chapte..Meaning

[Mainl.take.fro.lxmlOOOw,.exercises..icywarmtea]

I..Choos.th.bes.answer.(20%)

1...Th.namin.lheor.i.advance.b..

.A.Plato...B.Bloomfield..C.Geoffre.Leech...D.Firt.

2...uW.shal.kno..wpan.i.keeps..Thi.slatemen.represent..

.A.th.conceptualis.view.......................B.contexutalis.

.C.th.namin.theory..........................D.behavioris.

3...Whic.o.th.foliowin.i.NO.tru.

.A.Sens.i.conccrne.wit.th.inheren.meanin.o.th.linguisti.form.

.B.Sens.i.th.colleclio.o.al.th.feature.o.th.linguisli.form.

.C.Sens.i.abstrac.an.decontextualized.

.D.Sereste.in..

4…''Ca..borro.you.b汰e”.”Yo.hav..b汰e.”

.A.i.synonymou.with..............B.i.inconsisten.wit.

.C.entails........................D.presuppose.

5....poncnts.callc.scinLmti.fc

atures.

.A.Predicatio.analysis........B.Componentia.analysi.

..C.Phonemi.analysis...D.Grammatica.analysi.

6...Alive.an.udead.ar..

A.gradabl.antonyms....................B.relationa.antonyms

C.complementar.antonyms.................D.Non.o.th.abov.

7....dcai.wit.th.rclationshi.bctwcc.th.linguisti.elcrncn.an.th.non-linguisti.worl.o.expcricnc

e.

.A.Reference...B.Concept....C.Semantics..D.Sens.

8....refer.t.th.phenomeno.tha.word.havin.differen.meaning.hav.lh.sam.form.

.A.Polysemy..B.Synonymy..C.Homonymy..D.Hyponym.

9...Word.tha.ar.clos.i.meanin.ar.calle..

.A.homonyms.B.polysemies..C.hyponyms..D.synonym.

10..Th.gramrnaticalit.o..sentcnc.i.governc.b..

.A.grammatica.rules...B.sclectiona.restrictions

.C.semanti.rules.......D.semanti.features

II..Decid.whethe.th.foliowin.statement.ar.tru.o.false.(l0%)

11..Dialecta.synonym.ca.ofte.b.foun.i.diffeien.regiona.dialect.suc.a.Biitis.Englis.an.America.Engl

is.bu.canno.b.foun.withi.th.varict.itscIf.fo.cxampIc.withi.Britis.Englis.o.Anicrica.English..

12..Sens.i.concerne.vvit.ih.relationshi.betwee.tli.linguisti.elemen.an.th.non-linguisti.worl.o.experie

nce.whil.th.rcferenc.dcal.wit.th.inhercn.meanin.o.th.linguisti.form.

13..Linguist!.form.havin.th.sam.sens.ma.hav.differen.reterence.i.differen.situations.

14..I.iinsi.an.inheren.relatio.t.th.physica.worl.o.ex

perience.

15..Contextualis.i.base.o.th.piesumptio.tha.on.ca.deriv.meanin.fro.o.reduc.meanin.t.obsei-vabl.con

texts..

16..Behaviorist.attempte.t.defin.th.meanin.o..languag.fbr.a.th.situatio.i.whic.th.speake.utter.i.an.th.

respons.i.call.fort.i.th.hearer.

17..Th.meanin.o..sentenc.i.lh.su.lota.o.th.meaning.o.aLponents..

18..Mos.language.hav.set.o.lexica.item.simila.i.meanin.bu.ranke.differentl.accordin.t.thei.degre.o.

formality.

19..uI.i.hot..i..no-plac.predicatio.becaus.i.contain.n.argument..

20..I.grammatica.analysis.th.sentenc.i.take.t.b.th.basi.unit.bu.i.seinanti.analysi.o..sentence.th.basi.

uni.i.predication,whic.i.th.abstractio.o.th.meanin.o..sentence.

III.Fil.i.th.blanks.(20%)

21...ca.b.define.a.th.stud.o.meaning.

22..Th.conceptualis.vie.hold.tha.ther.i.n..lin.betwee..linguist!.for.an.wha.i.refer.to.

23...mean.wha.Jinguisti.for.refer.t.i.th.real.physica.world.i.deaLwit.th.relalionshi.belw

ee.th.linguisti.eleinen.an.th.non-linguisti.worl.o.experience.

24..Word.tha.ar.clos.i.mcanin.ar.callc..

25..Whe.tw.word.ar.identica.i.sound.bu.differen.i.spellin.an.meaning.the.ar.calle..

26...opposite.ar.pair.o.word.tha.exhibi.th.reversa.o..relationshi.betwee.th.tw.items.

27...ponents.

28..Whethe..sentenc.i.semantical!.merne.b.rule.calle..restrictions.whic.ar

.constraint.o.wha.lexica.item.ca.g.wit.wha.others.

29..A(n..i..logica.participan.i..predication.largel.identica.wit.th.nomina.element(s.i..sen

tcnce.

30..Accordin.t.th..lheor.o.meaning.th.word.i..lan¬guag.ar.lake.l.b.label.o.th.objec(.

the.stan.for.

IV..Explai.th.fbllowin.terms.usin.examples.(20%)

31..Entailment

32..Proposition

33..Componentia.analysis

34..Reference

V...Answe.th.followin.questions.(20%)

35..Wha.ar.th.sens.relation.betwee.th.followin.group.o.words

..Dogs.cats.pcts.parrots.trunk.branches.trcc.root.(青岛海洋大学，1999)

36..Wha.ar.lh.thre.kind.o.aiHonym.(武汉大学,2004)

VI.Analyz.th.followin.situation.(20%)

37..Fperlpertie.ar.share.b.th.(a.word.an.th

.(pertie.distinguis.betwee.th.classe.o.(a.word.an.(b.words.

...⑴.a.,bachelor.man.son.paperboy.pope.chief

….b...bull.rooster.drake.ram

...(2).a.,table.stone.pcncil.cup.house.ship.car

….k.alcohol.rice.soup

...(3).a..book.temple.mountain.road.tractor

.........b...idea.love.charity.sincerity.bravery.fea.(青岛海洋大学,1999)

Key:

I.

1〜.ABDDB...................6〜I.CACDA

II.

1I~1.FFTFT................16〜2.TFTTT

III.

21.Semantics.................22.direct

23.Reference.................24.synonyms

25.homophones...............26.Relational

27,Componential...............28.selectional

29.argunicnt...................30.naming

IV.

31..Entailment.I.i.basicall..semanti.relatio.(o.logica.iniplication).an.i.ca.b.clarifie.wit.th.foliowin.s

entences:

...a..To.divorce.Jane.

...b…Jan.wa.Tom'.wife.

...I.term.o.trut.value.th.followin.relationship.exis.betwee.thes.tw.sentences.whe..i.true..mus.bals.t

ruc.whc.J.false..mus.als.b.false.Whe..i.true..ma.b.tru.o.falsc.Ttail.B.

32..Proposition.I.i.th.resul.o.th.abslractio.o.sentences.whic.ar.descriplion.o.state.o.affair.an.whic.s

om.wnter.se.a..basi.elemen.o.sentenc.meaning.Fo.example.th.tw.sentence.uCaesa.invade.Gaul.au.

“Gau.wa.invade.b.Caesar.hoLposition.

33..Compositiona.analysis.l.define.th.meanin.o.Jponents.o.se

manti.features.Fponents.HUMAN.YO

UN.an.MALE.S.HUMAN.YOUN.an.FEMALE.

34..Rcfcrcnce.I.i.wha..linguisti.fbr.rcfer.t.i.th.rca.world.i.i..niatte.o.th.rclationshi.bctwce.th.for.an.t

h.reality.

V.

35.

...Hyponymy.metonym.o.part-who),relationship

36.

...(Omit.)

VI.

37.

...(!).Th.(a.word.an.(b.word.ar.niale.

....Th.(a.word.ar.human.whil.th.(b.word.ar.non-human.

...(2).Th.(a.word.an.(b.word.ar.inaniniate.

….Th.(a.word.ar.instrumental.whil.th.(b.word.ar.edible.

...(3).Th.(a.word.an.(b.word.ar.worldl.o.conceptual.

....Th.(a.word.ar.material.vvhil.th.(b.word.ar.spiritual.

..…Chaple..Language.Cullur.an.Society

［注：第六章无测试题］

I..Choos.th.bes.answer.(20%)

I....i.concerne.wit.lh.socia.signif'icanc.o.languag.variaiio.an.languag.us.i.differen.speec.co

nimunities.

.A.Psycholinguistics.................B.Sociolinguistics

.C.Applie.linguistics...............D.Genera.linguistic.

2...Th.nios.distinguishabLlinguisti.featur.o..regiona.dialec.i.it..

.A.us.o.words.....................B.us.o.structure.

.C.accent..........................D.morpheme.

3....i.speec.variaiio.accordin.t.th.par(e.from.

.A.Regiona.variation..............B.Languag.variation

.C.Socia.variation................D.Registe.varialio.

4....ar.th.majo.sourc.o.regiona.variatio.o.Ianguage.