Python程序设计语言（第二版）（微课版） 习题答案 李美珊

课后习题参考答案第一章【参考答案】一、选择题1.A2.B3.D4.D5.C6.D7.C8.A9.B10.D二、判断题1.N2.N3.Y4.Y5.N6.Y7.N8.N9.N10.Y三、填空题1．高级语言，汇编语言，机器语言 2.交互方式，文件方式3.help()4.piplist5.input()6.1四、操作题略第二章【参考答案】一、选择题1.A2.B3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.B9.A10.D二、判断题1.Y2.Y3.N4.N5.N6.Y7.N8.Y9.Y10.Y三、填空题1.6+2j6+2J2.|3.True4.85.有序6.47.False8.[2,3,2,3,2,3]9.[10,13,16,19]10.(True,5)第三章【参考答案】一、选择题1.C2.D3.C4.C5.D6.B7.C8.A9.B10.C11.C12.C13.D14.D15.A16.A17.C18.C19.D20.A二、判断题1.Y2.N3.Y4.N5.Y6.Y7.N8.N9.Y10.N三、填空题1．_iter_()；_next_()2．break3．1611164．1086425．66．267．1；18．sum=16；4；1；79．死循环；Ctrl+C10．Thereversedwordis:dcba；不可以；Thereversedwordis:abcd。四、编程题1．参考代码：n=int(input("请输入一个非负整数："))fac=1whileTrue:ifn>=0:foriinrange(1,n+1):fac*=iprint(fac)breakelse:print("输入的是负整数，请输入一个非负整数！")2．参考代码：importmatha=float(input("请输入三角形的边长a："))b=float(input("请输入三角形的边长b："))c=float(input("请输入三角形的边长c："))ifa+b>candb+c>aanda+c>b:h=(a+b+c)/2s=math.sqrt(h*(h-a)*(h-b)*(h-c))c=a+b+cprint("三角形的面积为：{}，边长为：{}".format(s,c))else:print("输入的数据有误！")3．参考代码：importrandomt=random.randint(0,9)n=0whileTrue:m=int(input("请输入一个0～9之间的整数："))n+=1ifm>t:print("很遗憾，太大了！")elifm<t:print("很遗憾，太小了！")else:print("恭喜！猜中了！你一共预测了{}次".format(n))break4．参考代码：n=9whileTrue:ifn%2==1andn%3==0andn%4==1andn%5==4andn%6==3andn%7==0andn%8==1andn%9==0:print("盒子里面至少有{}颗糖果".format(n))breakelse:n+=1第四章【参考答案】一、选择题1.B2.C3.A4.B5.D6.B7.A8.B9.B10.D11.C12.D13.D14.D15.C16.C17.C18.A19.D20.C二、判断题1.Y2.Y3.Y4.N5.N6.N7.N8.N9.Y10.N三、填空题1.['1','2','3']2.0,1,2,3.-14.105.[1,4,7]6.a:97b:98c:997.False8.{1,2}9.’d’10.[3,9,78]四、编程题1.参考代码：12345n=int(input("请用户输入一个整数："))dt={}foriinrange(1,n+1):dt[i]=i*iprint(dt)2.参考代码：123456789celebrities=[["希腊","索福克勒斯"],["俄罗斯","普希金"],["法国","莫里哀"],["英国","拜伦"],["中国","老子"],["印度","泰戈尔"],["德国","歌德"],["中国","李白"],["法国","德彪西"]]china_people=[]foritemincelebrities:ifitem[0]=="中国":china_people.append(item[1])print(china_people)3.参考代码：123456789lines=[]whileTrue:s=input("请输入一行字母序列：")ifs:lines.append(s.upper())else:breakforsentenceinlines:print(sentence)第五章【参考答案】一、选择题1.B2.C3.B4.BC5.C6.C7.B8.D9.D10.D二、填空题1.单引号双引号三单引号三双引号2.不可0递增-1递减3.字符串本身4.拼接/字符串的拼接/字符串拼接复制/字符串的复制/字符串复制包含/包含关系判断/字符串的包含关系判断5.len()ord()三、编程题1.参考答案：12345s=input("请输入身份证号：")

ifint(s[-2])%2==0:

print("女")

else:

print("男")2.参考答案：123456str="helloworld"#ldhellowor

a=int(input("请选择位移的个数："))

s=str[-a::1]

z=str[:-a:1]

b=s+z

print(b)第六章【参考答案】一、选择题1．D2．D3．C4．D5．C6．D7．C8．B9．B10．B11．D12．B二、填空题1．13，16，152．33．-204．85．-26．97．158．可以9．逗号10．局部，全局三、判断题1．Y2．Y3．Y4．Y5．Y6．Y7．Y8．N9．Y10．N四、编程题1．参考代码：12345678defdemo(v,n):asserttype(n)==intand0<v<10,'vmustbeintegerbetween1and9'result,t=0,0foriinrange(n):t=t*10+vresult+=treturnresultprint(demo(3,4))2．参考代码：12345678910111213141516171819202122232425fromrandomimportrandintdefguess(maxValue=100,maxTimes=5):#随机生成一个整数value=randint(1,maxValue)foriinrange(maxTimes):prompt='StarttoGuess:'ifi==0else'Guessagain:'#使用异常处理结构，防止输人不是数字的情况try:x=int(input(prompt))except:print('Mustinputanintegerbetween1and',maxvalue)else:#猜对了ifx==value:print('Congratulations!')breakelifx>value:print('Toobig')else:print('Toolittle')else:#次数用完还没猜对，游戏结束,提示正确答案print('Gameover.FAIL.')print('Thevalueis',value)guess()3．参考代码：12345defdemo(m,n):p=m*nwhileman!=0:m,n=n,m%nreturn(n,p//n)4．参考代码：12345678910defyanghui(t):print([1])line=[1,1]print(line)foriinrange(2,t):r=[]forjinrange(0,len(line)-1):r.append(line[j]+line[j+1])line=[1]+r+[1]print(line)5．参考代码：123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930defgetText(text):text=text.lower()forchin",.;?-:\'":text=text.replace(ch,"")returntextdefwordFreq(text,topn):words=text.split()#将文本分词counts={}forwordinwords:counts[word]=counts.get(word,0)+1excludes={'the','and','to','of','a','be'}forwordinexcludes:del(counts[word])#在字典中删除无意义单词items=list(counts.items())#将字典转换为列表，以方便排序items.sort(key=lambdax:x[1],reverse=True)returnitems[:topn]#返回出现频率前topn的单词和频率计数售text='''Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,andeveryhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight;“andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether."Thisisourhope,andthisisthefaiththatIgobacktotheSouthwith.Withthisfaith,wewillbeabletohewoutofthemountainofdespairastoneofhope.Withthisfaith,wewillbeabletotransformthejanglingdiscordsofournationintoabeautifulsymphonyofbrotherhood.Withthisfaith,wewillbeabletoworktogether,topraytogether,tostruggletogether,togotojailtogether,tostandupforfreedomtogether,knowingthatwewillbefreeoneday.'''text=getText(text)forword,freqinwordFreq(text,20):print("{:<10}{:>}".format(word,freq))print('统计结束')第七章【参考答案】一、选择题1．C2．C3．D4．B5．B6．C7．D8．D9．D10．D11．C12．D13．B14．A15．A16．D二、填空题1．open()2．flush()3．with4．listdir()5．getcwd()6．mkdir()7．（1）os.getcwd()（2）os.listdir()（3）[fnameforfnameinos.listdir('.')iffname.endswith('.py')]（4）os.mkdir(os.getcwd()+'\\t1')（5）os.rename('s.txt',os.getcwd()+'\\t1\\s.txt')（6）os.chdir(os.getcwd()+'\\t1')（7）os.remove('s.txt')三、判断题1．Y2．N3．Y4．Y5．Y6．Y7．Y8．N9．N10．Y11．Y12．Y13．Y14．N15．Y第八章【参考答案】一、选择题：1．C2．A3．C4．C5．C6．D7．B二、填空题：1．异常2．单分支选择3．except4．元组5．finally6．raise7．（1）try:（2）else:（3）list[m:]三、编程题1．参考代码：123456789101112131415161718#输入5个整数存于列表，升序排序输出definnum(list_1):list_1=[]foriinrange(5):try:j=int(input('请输入一个整数：'))except:print('请输入整数！')else:list_1.append(j)iflen(list_1)!=5:raiseException('输入不足五个整数！')else:print("排序后：",sorted(list_1))listnum=[]innum(listnum)2．参考代码：123456789101112131415161718192021#一元二次方程求两个实根importmathdeftext(a,b,c):try:ifa==0:raiseValueError('二次项系数不能为0！')ifb*b-4*a*c<=0:raiseException('方程没有实根！')else:return(a,b,c)exceptExceptionase:print(e)print("输入一元二次方程各项系数")a=eval(input("输入a："))b=eval(input("输入b："))c=eval(input("输入c："))iftext(a,b,c):print("x1=",(-b+math.sqrt(b*b-4*a*c))/(2*a))print("x2=",(-b-math.sqrt(b*b-4*a*c))/(2*a))第九章【参考答案】一、选择题1．A2．A3．D4．C5．B二、填空题1．pip，pipinstalljieba2．importjieba3．精确，全模式，搜索引擎4．返回类型5．Jieba，add_word(w)6．importjieba，posseg.psg.cut()7．关键词提取，TF-TDF，TextRank8．importwordcloud，WordCloud()，backgroud_color，max_words、stopwords，generate_from_text，generate_from_frequencies9．['我','在','马路边','捡','到','一分钱']10．['市','长江大桥','参观','了','长江大桥']三、编程题1．参考代码：123456importjiebas=input()n=len(s)m=len(jieba.lcut(s))print(jieba.lcut(s))print("中文字符数为{}，中文词语数为{}。".format(n,m))2．参考代码：12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728importjiebaexcludes={"将军","却说","荆州","二人","不可","不能","如此","商议","军士","如何","主公","军马","左右","引兵","次日","大喜","天下","东吴","于是","今日","不敢","魏兵","陛下"}txt=open("三国演义.txt","r",encoding='utf-8').read()words=jieba.lcut(txt)#使用精确模式对文本进行分词counts={}#通过键值对的形式存储词语及其出现的次数forwordinwords:iflen(word)==1:#单个词语不计算在内continueelifword=="孔明"orword=="孔明曰":rword="诸葛亮"elifword=="关公"orword=="云长":rword="关羽"elifword=="玄德"orword=="玄德曰":rword="刘备"elifword=="孟德"orword=="丞相":rword="曹操"else:rword=wordcounts[rword]=counts.get(rword,0)+1forwordinexcludes:#剔除不需要统计的词delcounts[word]items=list(counts.items())#将键值对转换成列表items.sort(key=lambdax:x[1],reverse=True)#根据词语出现的次数进行从大到小排序foriinrange(15):word,count=items[i]print("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word,count))运行结果：曹操1420诸葛亮1366刘备1204关羽779张飞349吕布299孙权264赵云251司马懿221周瑜218第十章【参考答案】1.参考代码：importnumpyasnpimportmatplotlib.pyplotaspltcost=np.array([[1.2,0.9,1.6],[2.2,1.8,2.9],[1.2,0.9,1.5]])product=np.array([[4500,4000,4200,4500],[3000,3500,3200,3200],[5050,6100,5300,6000]])costall=cost.dot(product)print("该工厂四个季度生产A、B、C三种产品所需的成本总和为{}".format(costall.sum()))print("该工厂第一季度生产A、B、C三种产品所需的成本总和为{}".format(costall[:,0].sum()))foriinrange(4):print("该工厂第{}季度原料总成本为{}万元,人工总成本为{}万元,管理总成本为{}万元".format(i+1,costall[0,i],costall[1,i],costall[2,i]))np.savetxt("cost_pr.csv",costall,fmt='%d',delimiter=',')2.参考代码：importnumpyasnpimportmatplotlib.pyplotaspltimportmatplotlibmatplotlib.rcParams['font.family']='SimHei'#设置中文显示cost=np.array([[1.2,0.9,1.6],[2.2,1.8,2.9],[1.2,0.9,1.5]])product=np.array([[4500,4000,4200,4500],[3000,3500,3200,3200],[5050,6100,5300,6000]])costall=cost.dot(product)#绘制子图1plt.subplot(3,1,1)plt.plot([1,2,3,4],product[0,:],[1,2,3,4],product[1,:],[1,2,3,4],product[2,:])plt.xticks([1,2,3,4],["1季度","2季度","3季度","4季度"])plt.xlabel("季度")plt.ylabel("产量")#绘制子图2plt.subplot(3,1,2)Labels='原料','人工','管理'data=[costall[0,0],costall[1,0],costall[2,0]]Explode=(0,0,0)plt.pie(data,explode=Explode,labels=Labels,autopct='%.2f%%')#绘制子图3（略）plt.show()第十一章【参考答案】1.编程题123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879"""1、从目标url中提取有用的信息，首先分析所给网页的信息然后根据内容截取信息打印输出。url：“/api/pub/v1/bcur?bcur_type=11&year=2021”，网页内容如图11-14，打印结果如图11-15。"""importrequestsfrombs4importBeautifulSoupimportbs4importjsonheader={"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT10.0;Win64;x64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/79.0.3945.130Safari/537.36"}#从目标url中提取文本信息函数defgetHtmlText(url):try:r=requests.get(url,headers=header,timeout=40)#设置连接成功提醒r.raise_for_status()#改变编码方式r.encoding=r.apparent_encodingreturnr.textexcept:return""#在所有文本中提取表格前2列信息#json形式存储数据：#{"code":200,"msg":"success","data":{"rankings":[],"inds":[],"provinces":[],"univCategorys":[]}}'''我们以清华大学数据为例："data":{"rankings":[{"univUp":"tsinghua-university","univLogo":"logo/27532357.png","univNameCn":"清华大学","univNameEn":"TsinghuaUniversity","inbound":false,"liked":false,"univLikeCount":228,"univTags":["一流大学A类","985","211"],"univNameRemark":"","univCategory":"综合","province":"北京","score":969.2,"ranking":"1","rankChange":0,"rankOverall":"1","indData":{"159":"37.9","160":"74.3","161":"39.4","162":"48.7","163":"343.0","164":"88.0","165":"37.9","166":"90.8","167":"129.1","168":"80.1"}},...]}'''deffillUnivList(text,num):data=json.loads(text)#print(data)content=data['data']['rankings']#从数据里提取需要的字段ulist=[]foriinrange(num):index=content[i]['rankOverall']#排名name=content[i]['univNameCn']#大学名称score=content[i]['score']#总分category=content[i]['univCategory']#大学类别ulist.append([index,name,score,category])returnulist#打印提取出的表格信息defprintUnivList(ulist,num):tplt="{0:^10}\t{1:{3}^10}\t{2:^10}\t{4:^10}"print(tplt.format("排名","学校","总分",chr(12288),"类型"))#chr(12288)为空格foriinrange(num):u=ulist[i]print(tplt.format(u[0],u[1],u[2],chr(12288),u[3]))defsearchUnivName(ulist):univName=input("请输入查找的大学名称：")flag=1forchinulist:ifunivName==ch[1]:tplt="{0:^10}\t{1:{3}^10}\t{2:^10}\t{4:^10}"print(tplt.format("排名","学校","总分",chr(12288),"类型"))#chr(12288)为空格print(tplt.format(ch[0],ch[1],ch[2],chr(12288),ch[3]))#主程序defmain():num=10url=r"/api/pub/v1/bcur?bcur_type=11&year=2021"text=getHtmlText(url)ulist=fillUnivList(text,580)printUnivList(ulist,num)flag=input("您需要按大学名称查询吗？(Y，N)：\n")ifflag.upper()=="Y":searchUnivName(ulist)else:print("程序结束！")main()第十二章【参考答案】一、选择题1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.B7.B8.D9.C10.A二、填空题1.游戏开发2.网络爬虫3.WEB开发4.机器学习5.网络爬虫编程【或】网络爬虫6.图像处理7.数据分析【或】科学计算8.数据可视化9.HTML解析【或】文本处理10.图形用户界面三、编程题1.参考代码：1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374#绘制佳木斯大学校徽importturtleastt.pensize(5)t.pencolor('green')#绘制菱形t.penup()t.forward(-100)t.pendown()t.right(40)t.fd(200)t.left(80)t.fd(200)t.left(100)t.fd(200)t.left(80)t.fd(200)#绘制内三校合一的塔t.pensize(7)t.penup()t.home()t.fd(53)t.left(90)t.fd(100)t.left(180)t.pendown()t.fd(30)t.right(65)t.fd(30)t.left(63)t.fd(30)t.right(60)t.fd(30)t.penup()t.home()t.fd(53)t.left(90)t.fd(100)t.right(180)t.pendown()t.fd(30)t.left(65)t.fd(30)t.right(63)t.fd(30)t.left(60)t.fd(30)t.p