2023年高考英语考点专项突破专题一 阅读理解 考法4 主旨大意题（原卷版）

备战2023年高考英语考点专项突破

都融M国旨感意愿

新高考卷全国卷

2022202120222021

卷I卷II卷I卷II乙卷甲卷乙卷甲卷

细节理解

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推理判断

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词义猜测

12111111

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主旨大意

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主旨大意

主旨大意题主要考查考生对所读材料(或所读材料片段)中心思想或标题的概括。做这类题时，考生应

通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想，而其

他句子均围绕主题句展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句处，但有时也位于段

落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)。主旨大意题的考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中

心思想等。

常见的设问方式有：

Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

Whatisthe...paragraphmainlyabout?

Whatis(hebesttitleforthetext?

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

技巧1速读文章，明确主题

速读文章，抓住文章主题句或关键词。考生应抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。

(1)、主题句的特征

①、首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容往往体现文章主旨；

②、作者有意识地反复陈述的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词或短语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词；

③、段落中出现表转折的词或短语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，该词或短语后的句子很可能是主

题句。

(2)、寻找主题句

①、主题句在段首

主题句在段首的文章结构是先点明主题，然后围绕这一主题进行分析，用演绎法阐述观点。在议论文、科

技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种方式。

②、主题句在段中

当主题句被安排在段落中间时，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引

申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、论证或展开。

③、主题句在段尾

主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后得出结论，即段落的主题。

［全国I2020-D］Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recent

studieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreener

areasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheir

workplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

【解析】根据第一段中的positive及所举的两个例子（绿化的区城犯罪率低以及绿植多的办公区城员工的工

效率更高）可如，未段主要介绍的是绿色植物给人们带的处。故选D项。

技巧2瞻首顾尾，定位中心句

每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句成为该段主题句的概行往往最大。将首段的中心句与各段第一句

串联在一起，常常可以得出文章的中心思想。此外，文章的逻辑结构也有助于定位中心句。常见的结构有

按时间顺序组织的结构或“分述…一总说”结构。按时间先后顺序说明某一件事或某一理论的发展过程的文

章,主题句通常在首段或末段；采用“分述--总说”结构的文章，前几段分述，末段总结，这类文章主题句

常在末段。

［全国II2020B1

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh—techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssa:dpuzzles

helpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringevery-dayactivitiesathomeand

foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat

54monthsofage

ThefindingswerepublishedirthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist.D.Ateachingprogram.

【解析】本文主要围绕一项研究展开说明，具体介绍了它的研究对象、研究方法及研究发现，最后还提到

其研究结论被发表在一本学术刊物上。故选B项。

技巧3确定概括范围，关注题目特点

主旨大意题的答案设置分为两类。一类是文章有一个明确的主题句，正确选项往往是它的同义转述句。

做这类题时，首先要找出文章的主题句，这样就明确了文章要讲什么，再通读全文，就可以把握文章的中

心思想了。由于文章内容和体裁的不同，作者的写作手法也不尽相同，因而主题句在文章中出现的位置也

不固定。另一类是文章中没有可概括全文的中心句，主题句隐含在全文当中。阅读这样的文章时，考生应

根据文章的细节来分析、概括，从而推导出文章的主旨大意。

［洌】Twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,onefortraffictothenorth

andtheotherforthetraffictothesouth.Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meters

wide,providingfbrtwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.

Intheupperpartofthetunnel,twoairconditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeep

thequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,practicallyatitshighestpoint.There

willalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals.Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlyby

drivers.Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofcoveringand,on（heinsideofthe

tunnel,aconcretelining.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Theconstructionoftwolanes.B.Thefunctionofaroad.

C.Thesolutiontocars'pollution.D.Thedesignoftwotunnels.

【解析】本段没有主题句，考生需要对文章进行整体概括。考生应多注意文章中反复出现的中心词the

tunnel

再结合文章的内容，可以推断出本文上要讲述的是隧道的设计。故选D项。

Passage1

本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。

（2022•全国•高考甲卷真题）Sometimeintheearly1960s.asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.

Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother.Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortof

there—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewhole

merningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewent

ourseparateways—hefbralunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.

'THmisstheseoldboats,“hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?"Iasked.

"Oh,they'rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey'renotsoelegant.Endthey5re

notfimtopilot.Butthat'sprogress,Iguess.”

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（II弓），andtraditionsare

increasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity'sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,

Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.4tSydncyisconfusedaboutitself?'she

said."Wecan'tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamodemcityoratraditionalone.It'saconflictthat

wearen'tgettinganybetteratresolving（解决）.”

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImeta

thoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.4tManypeoplesaythatwclackcultureinthiscountry/'hetoldme.

“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,the

Greekssome30（X）years,andtheChinesemorestill.We'vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwitha

driveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It'saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”

Heisright,butIcan'lhelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney'sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney'sdevelopment.D.Sydney'stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

Passage2

本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼'’的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁

路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。

（2022•全国•高考乙卷真题）Canasmallgroupofdrones（无人机）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityof

railwaysand,atthesamelime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikely

fiiturcofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky''technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrail

tracksandinfrastructure（基础设施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesame

thingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchas（hecorrectpositionofrailway

tracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityand

on-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficiem（高效）across

theboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.Itis

calculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,including

sendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructureThatcanbedangerouswork

thatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,

detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,drones

fbrraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthe

future.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.Verysmall

droneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheir

abilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedv/ithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

Passage3

本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法

者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。

（2022•全国新高考II卷真题）Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,and

publicsenicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhen

theyarebehindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenow

risingsharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTraffic

SafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心'）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately."

"Bigchangerequiresbigideas,"hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroad

safety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbackto

anoldapproach:Theywantto（reatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwould

worklikethis:Anofficerarrivingaithesceneofacrashcouldaskfor（hephonesofthedriversandusethe

Textalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriver

hadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.

"Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,“saidFelixW.Ortiz,whopushedfbr

thestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoing

tobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."

31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-

Passage1（2022•江西•一模）

Discussionsabouttheimpactoffalsenewsoftencenteronourpreferenceofconfirmation:wetendtobelieve

andsharethingsthatfitwithourpriorbeliefs.Anewstudyfindsthatwe'repoorjudgesoftruthfulnessevenwhen

wccan'ttrustaparticularsource—andweoverestimateourpowersofjudgment.

Inthreeexperiments,theresearchersaskedparticipantstorecordtwoshortvideos,onetodescribeareal-life

newseventandonetomakeupanevent.Theyweretoldtheywouldgetarewardifviewersthought（hatthe

eventsdescribedineithervideoweretrue.Viewers,fortheirpart,werepaidbothforaccuracyandforconectly

estimatingtheiraccuracy.

Acrossalltheexperiments,viewers'abilitytodistinguishliesfromtruthstayedatorjustabove50%,just

likeflipping（抛）acointodecide.Theybelievedfalsevideosanddoubtedtrueones.Morethan65%ofmenand

61%ofwomenthoughtthey'dperformedbetterthantheyactuallyhad.

Inoneoftheexperiments,theresearchersexploredwhethercertainbehaviorsexhibitedinthevideoswere

associatedwithlying.Thispointed:oseveralclues,andanalysissuggestedthatviewersnoticedtheclues,butthey

tendedtointerprettheminthewrongdirection.Forexample,theyjudgedwordiervideostobetrue.

Inthefinalexperiment,someviewerswereshowneightvideos,includingonesharedbyapreviousviewer

becauseheorshefoundittobeinterestingandbelievable.Theyselectedoneoftheeighttowatchandassessfbr

truthfulness.Knowingthatavideohadbeensharedgreatlyincreasedthechancesthatparticipantswouldchooseit

towatch,andtheybelievedwhatthepreviousviewerhadthoughttobetrue.Actuallymostofthesharedvideos

werefalseandhadbeenmisjudgedbythefirstviewers.

“Thecombinationofoverconfidenceandbeingbadatdetectinglies,withanoverrelianceonsharedcontent,

mayexplainwhyfakenewsissoprominentandinfluential,theresearcherswrite.

1.Howdopeoplejudgefalsenewsaccordingtothenewstudy?

A.Onthebasisofcarefulresearch.B.Accordingtopersonalpreferences.

C.Basedontheinfluenceofthenews.D.Afterattendingagroupdiscussion.

2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparticipantsintheexperiments?

A.Mostofthemperformedbetterthanexpected.B.Someofthemflippedcoinstomakeajudgment.

C.Theytendedtoseethecluesintheoppositeway.D.Theymadegoodjudgmentwhengivengoodclues.

3.Whataffectedthejudgmentof'someparticipantsinthefinalexperiment?

A.Theopinionsofpreviousviewers.B.Theirabilitytotellliesfromtruth.

C.Thenumberofvideosofferedtothem.D.Thenatureofthebehaviorsinthevideos.

4.What'sthetextmainlyabout?

A.Itsimportanttotellfalsenewsfromrealnews.B.Sharedvideosusuallycanymisjudgednews.

C.Falsenewsismadebycombiningseveralforces.D.Preferencesdetermineourjudgmentoffakenews.

Passage2（2022•青海•模拟预测）

AnexperimentalcleanupdevicecalledRemoveDebrishassuccessfullycastanetaroundadummy（仿造的）

satellite,simulating（模拟）atechniquethatcouldonedaycollectspacebomegarbage.

Thetest,whichwascarriedoutthisweek,iswidelybelievedtobethefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofspace

cleanuptechnology,expertstoldCNN.Anditsignalsanearlysteptowarddealingwithwhatisalreadyakey

problem:rubbishinspace.

Millionsofpiecesofjunkareturningaroundinorbit,theresultof50yearsofspacetravelandfew

regulationstokeepspaceclean.Atorbitalspeeds,evenasmallbitofpaintcrashingwithasatellitecancause

seriousdamage.

Variouscompanieshaveplanstosendthousandsofnewsatellitesintolow-Earthorbit,alreadythemost

crowdedarea.

TheRemoveDebrisexperimentisrunbyacompanyandresearchersledbytheUK'sSurreySpaceCentre

andincludesAirbus,Airbus-ownedSurreySatelliieTechnologyLtd.andFrance'sArianeGroup.

GuglielmoAglietti,thedirectorofSurreySpaceCentre,saidthatanoperationalversionofthe

RemoveDebristechnologywouldcastoutanetthatremainsfastenedtothemainsatellitesothedebriscanbe

draggedoutoforbit.Itcouldtargetlargepiecesofjunk,includingdeadsatellitesupto1Ometerslong.

TheRemoveDebrissatellitewillconductafewmoreexperimentsinthecomingmonths,includingtesting

navigationsystemsthatcouldhelpguide（hesatellitetoaspecificpieceofdebris.JonathanMcDowell,an

astrophysicistattheHarvardSmithsonianCentrefbrAstrophysics,saidthesuccessofthisweek'sexperimentwas

exciting,buthecautionedagainst“over-publicizing”it.Therearestillbigbarrierstoclearbeforeoperational

cleanuptaskswillbeunderway,hesaid,andthebiggestchallengeisfiguringouthowtofundsuchprojects.

Aglietti,theSurreyprofessorwhohelpedleadtheRemoveDcbrisproject,said“thechallengewillbeto

convincetherelevantauthoritiestosponsorthesetasks”.AgliettisaidhehopesRemoveDebriswillconductafew

cleanuptasksperyear,targetingthelargestpiecesofrubbishinthemostcrowdedorbits.Agliettiishopeful.

5.WhatatlraclspeopletoinventRemoveDebris?

A.Exploringspace.B.Testinganorbit.

C.Cleaningsatellites.D.Removingwasteinspace.

6.HowdoestheRemoveDebriswork?

A.Itthrowsanettotakejunkfromorbit.B.Itfastensjunktothemainsatellite.

C.Ittargetslargepiecesofjunkcarefully.D.Itdragsjunkupto10meterslong.

7.WhatdoweknowaboutRemoveDebris?

A.Itissuccessfulincleanuptasks.B.Itstillneedstobebroadcastedwidely.

C.Itshouldgetsomefinancialhelpfromauthorities.D.Ithelpsresearcherstofindaspecificjunk.

8.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?

A.SpaceGarbageCausesSevereDamageB.ResearchersAdvertiseWasteCollectingSatellite

C.AuthoritiesSponsorRemoveDebrisProjectD.SatelliteFirstTimeCollectsWaste

Passage3（2022•陕西西安•一模）

Youprobablydon'tthinkofscientificormedicalinstrumentsasthekindofinstrumentsthatactuallymake

music.Butnowresearchershavebuiltascientificinstrumentspecificallydesignedtodetectcounterfeit（伪造的）

medicationsthroughsound.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesabout10percentofthemedicationsinlowandmiddle-income

countriesarefakes.Sometimes,dangerousones.Sotheideahereistofillthetubewithasamplethat'sknownto

besafe.Thencompareittoabottleyou'renotsosureabout.

“Ifyougetthesamepitch（音高）outofthosetwosamples,it'sverygoodevidencethatthey'reprobablythe

samematerial,andthesuspectsubstanceisasafedrugtotake.Butifyougetadifferentpitchoutofthetwo

samples,that'sabsoluteproofthatthosetwosamplesarcchemicallydifferent.Andthatshowsyouthere's

somethingwrongwiththesampleyouweregivenandyouprobablyshouldn'ttakeit.”

Theinstrumentisdesignedtotestonlyliquidsamplesfornow.Andwhilethehumanearissensitiveenough

tohearthedifferencebetweensamplesofairandwater,thedifferencebetweenarealandacounterfeitdrugmight

beimperceptibletoourears.SoGroverbuiltafreewebsitewhereuserscanuploadrecordingsof（heinstrument,

fromiheirsmanphoneorcomputer,andanalyzeihehenz.Thenrepeatitwith（hesuspectsample.

...inthehopeofinspiringpeoplearoundtheworldtobuildthesethingsthemselves."1canliterallymakeone

oftheseoutofjunkinyourgarageinaboutfiveminutesprobably.Thehardestthingtocomebyistubing.Wc'vc

madethemoutofbentcoppertubinglikeyougetoutofaradiator.Justjunk,lyingaround.It5sremarkablehow

easytheyaretomake.Mydreamwouldbetohavetheinstructionsformakingthemandusingthemsharedas

widelyaspossible.^^

Itis,admittedly,aprettyconvincingpitch.

9.What'sthepassagemainlyaboi”?

A.Ascientificinstrument.B.Aprettyconvincingtube.

C.Asuspectsample.D.Adangerousinstrument.

10.Whal'sthefunctionoftheinstrumentaccordingtothepassage?

A.Togivethebuyermoredrugsasagift.B.Tomakethewonderfulmusic.

C.Tocarrytheliquid.D.Totestfakemedicationsthroughsound.

11.Wherecanyougetthematerialtobuildthiskindofscientificinstrument?

A.Thejunkin(hegarage.B.Thejunkinthedrugstore.

C.Thejunkinthesupermarket.D.Thejunkinthefactoiy.

12.Whatcanwclearnabouttheinstrumentfromthepassage?

A.Everyonecanmakeiteasily.B.Itcanplaythemusicyoulike.

C.Thereisalongwaytogo.D.Itiswidelyusedtotestmedicine.

Passage4(2022•宁夏•平罗中学模拟预测)

Whenyouwereatschool,wereyouevertoldtostopdaydreamingandconcentrate?Itwaseasyforyour

mindtowanderifyouweren'tinterestedinwhatyouwerelearningorifyouhadbetterthingstothinkabout.

Stayingfocusedcanstillbeachallengeinadultlife,butunderstandinghowtodoit,andknowingwhatis

distractingyou,canhelp.

Scientistshavelookedatwhatmakesusdelayandfoundanumberofwaystohelpusslayin(hezone.One

ofthemostobviousthingsiseliminatingnoise.ResearchbyScienceFocusmagazinefoundsilenceisbestfor

concentration,oragentlebackgroundhumandcoffeeshopnoiseisgreat!Italsofoundturningoffnotifications

onyourphone,orswitchingitoffaltogether,removesamajordistractionandhelpsusfbcusonthetaskathand.

Anotherpossiblecureforashortattentionspanisbrain(raining.Psychologistsandneuroscientistsare

increasinglyinterestedinourabilitytosettledownandhavelookedatwhatwecanchangeinsideouiheadto

makeusconcentrate.AnarticlefbrBBCFuturebyCarolineWilliamssaysthat44AttentionResearcherNilliLavie

ofUniversityCollegeLondonhasfoundthatmakingataskmorevisuallydemandingtakesupmoreprocessing

powerandleavesthebrainnothinglefttoprocessdistractions."So,keepingyourmindbusymightbetheanswer.

Therearcmorepracticaltipstokeepingyourmindfocused.Theseincludemakingalistortimetableofthe

tasksyouhavetodo,findingaworkspacewhereyou'renottemptedtodootherthings,orchewingsomegum!It's

possiblethemovementinyourmouthoccupiespartsofthebrainthatmightotherwisegetdistracted.

ButaccordingtoScienceFocusmagazine,distractionisn'tallbad."Ifwewerealwayssofocusedthatwe

nevergotdistracted,we'dmisspotentialchanges,suchasthreats,inourenvironment.Distractionisvitalfor

survival”

13.Whichofthefollowingplacesisbettertomakeyoukeepfocusedaccordingtotheresearch?

A.Anunquietlibraiy.B.Acrowdedhall.

C.Aclassroomwithloudnoise.D.Acafewithsoftmusic.

14.Whydoestheauthorsuggestkeepingourmindbusy?

A.Tointroduceamentalrecovery.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Totrainourbraintoconcentrate.D.Torecommendanintelligenttrain.

15.WhatisScienceFocusmagazine'sattitudetodistraction?

A.Contradictory.B.All-sided.C.Doubtful.D.Puzzling.

16.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.HowcostayfocusedB.Theharmofdistraction

C.TheBenefitsofkeepingfocusedD.Theresearchaboutdistraction

Passage5（2022•广西•南宁三中一模）

WhenyouthinkofChinesefoodintheUS,friedrice,orGeneralTso'schickenmayfirstcometomind.But

anewmuseumexhibitioninNewYorkCityistryingtoexpandvisitors,palates（味蕾）.Itfeaturesstoriesof

famouscookslikeMartinYanandhomecookswhosefoodrepresents18differentregionalcookingstylesof

China.

“Ithinkit'sunfairtojustclassifyChinesecookingasone,“saysKianLamKho,anorganizerof"Sour,Sweet,

Bitter,Spicy:StoriesofChineseFoodandIdentityinAmerica“attheMuseumofChineseinAmerica.t4Evenwith

thesamedishorsamecuisine,everyfamilyhasadifferentvariation.''That'swhytheorganizerssayifyouwant

tolastethefullrangeofChinesecuisineintheUS,you'llneedtogobeyondrestaurantsandintohomekitchens,

whichcanplayacentralroleinmanyimmigrants'lives.

“Thekitchenitselfiskindofacomfortwhenyoucometoanewcountry.That'stheoneplacewhereyouset

upasyourhomebase,andyoucookthingsthatyourememberfromyourpast,“explainsAudraAng,another

Oneof（hehomecooksshowcasedintheexhibitionisNiBiying,80,ofManhattan.Sheworkedasalive-in

babysitterforyearsbeforeshecouldfinallyaffordtorentahomewi:hherownkitchen.Thesedays,youcan

usuallyfindhermovingaroundherone-bedroomapartmentasasweetsmellofvinegarandricewinefloatsfrom

herstove.ForNi,asmalldinnerfbrfriendsandfamilymeanspreparingalmostadozendifferentdishes.She

learnedsomeofhertechniquesfromherfather,whomademostofherfamily'smealswhenshewasachild.

stillmissthebeefwithstir-friedcelerymyfatherusedtocook,“shesays.Andit'sthekindofcomfortfoodthat

definesChinesefoodforNi.

17.Whatisthenewmuseumexhibitionmainlyabout?

A.Cuisineofdifferentcountries.B.Explorationoffamousrestaurants.

C.HistoryofChineseimmigration.D.StoriesofChinesefoodandcooks.

18.Whydocsthekitchenplayakeyroleinmanyimmigrants,lives?

A.Itprovidesawealthylife.B.Itbringsasenseofbelonging.

C.Ilhelps（hemtoacceptnewcultures.D.Ilenablesthemtoforgetthepast.

19.WhatcanwelearnaboutNiBiyingfromParagraph4?

A.SheworkedinaChineserestaurant.B.Shemademostmealsasachild.

C.Shelearnedcookingfromherfather.D.Sheliveswithabigfamily.

20.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.CuisineGainsNewVariationsB.HomeCookingBringsMoretotheTabic

C.ImmigrantsSeekTheirFortuneintheUSD.ChineseRestaurantTellsImmigrantTales

Passage6（2022•江苏省泰州市教育局模拟预测）

Abloodtestthataccuratelypredictsapatient'slikelihoodofdyingfromheartdiseaseorastroke（中风）has

beendeveloped.

Researcherstooksamplesofbloodfrom22,949peopleandanalyzedthelevelsofabout5.000proteins

withinit.Theythenusedmachinelearningtodetectwhethertherewasalinkbetweentheproteinsthatcirculatein

aperson'sbloodstreamandtheirriskofheartdisease.Thestudyidentifiedaparticular“proteinsignature''that

accuratelypredictsthechanceofsufferingaheartattack,strokeorheartfailureoverafour-yearperiod.

Currently,doctorsassessthelikelihoodofpatientssufferingheartproblemsbylookingatfactorsincluding

weight,bloodpressure,ageandcholesterol（月旦固醇）levels.However,bloodproteinanalysiscanprovidemore

accuratecluestothestateofaperson'shealth.Thetechnologywasfoundtobetwiceasaccurateasexisting