语法宾语从句

Unit1

Canyouplaytheguitar？语法专题：宾语从句

【课前引入】(

)1.—Jack,couldyoutellme________thereisgoingtobeameetingornot?

—Yes.It’snextMonday.A.if B.whether C.thatD.howBIknowthat

theWaterFestivalisreallyfun.Iwonderif

they’llhavetheracesagainnextyear.Doyouknowwhere

Icanbuysomemedicine?CouldyoupleasetellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?Couldyoutelluswhenthegamestartsthisevening?【语法感知】

【思考】1.这些连词引导的是什么从句？2.这些连词应该怎么用，如何选择？

【语法讲解】一、宾语从句的定义宾语：放在及物动词、及物动词短语之后，表示动作的对象。及物动词短语包含：

（1）be+adj+prep（2）vi(不及物)+prepIoftenwatch

TV.(名词)Iamproudofthecountry.(名词)Ilike

reading

books.(动名词V-ing)Ifind

thatheisagoodboy.（句子）

宾语从句：

如果由一个句子放在及物动词(短语)后充当宾语,这个句子叫宾语从句。Ibelieve

that

hewillgetgoodgrades.(及物动词+连词+宾语从句)Iwonder

ifhewillgotoBeijing.(及物动词+连词+宾语从句)Idon’tknow

whether

hewillgothere.(及物动词+连词+宾语从句)Iamsure

that

hewillcomehere.(be+adj+连词+宾语从句)Iamproudof

whatIhavedone.(prep+连词+宾语从句)

【牛刀小试1】判断下列句子是否是宾语从句。（是：√；不是：×）

1.Thathewaslatemademeanyry.()2.ItisimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglish.()3.TheboywhoisstandingunderthetreeisTom.()4.Hetellsmethatheisateacher.()5.HewasdoinghomeworkwhenIwascooking.()6.IamhappythatIcanmeetyou.()7.Iamexcitedaboutwhatishappening.()×××√×√√

二、宾语从句的连词

分类

备注

例句连词thatthat本身无意义，不充当任何成分，可省略Hesaidthathewantedtostayathome.连词whether/if不充当任何成分，意为“是否”，不可省略Iwanttoknowif/whetherhelikesthebook.连接代词what，which，who，在宾语从句中充当主语或宾语，后面的句子不完整,不可省略Heasksmewhatwewillhavefordinner.连接副词

when，where，why，how在宾语从句中充当状语，后面的句子完整,不可省略HeaskedmehowshecouldgettoBeijing.

【注意】在下列情况下，只能用whether，不能用if

情况

例句(1)在动词不定式之前Pleasetelluswhether

togoorstayhere.(2)在whether...ornot的固定搭配中HeaskedmewhetherIwantedtogotherebytrainornot.(3)在介词后Itdependson

whetheritwillbefine.

【牛刀小试2】判断合适的连词填空。

1.Icanbringmybooksintothefarawayhillsandshare_________Ihavewiththechildren.

2.Iwonder________IshouldgotoBeijingorShanghaiforwork.3.Ihaveaproblem,andIdonotknow______Icansolveit.4.Canyoutellme________willgowithyou?5.Ibelieve_________everythingispossibleifyouworkhard.6.Idon’tknowknow_______Ilikeit,maybeforbeautyandfreedom.

what

whowhy

howwhetherthatwhatwhetherhowwhothatwhy

三、宾语从句的语序请判断下列句子对错。Canyoutellmewhereareyoufrom?()Canyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?()Idon’tknowhowcanIgettothebusstation.()Idon’tknowhowIcangettothebusstation.()

结论：宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。陈述句语序：

主语+谓语eg:Shecanplaybasketball.eg:Shelikesapples.eg:Shehaswrittenabook.eg:Heisateacher.疑问句语序：

助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+谓语eg:Cansheplaybasketball?eg:Doesshelikeapples?eg:Hasshewrittenthebook?eg:Isheateacher?

【牛刀小试3】()1.—Canyoutellme___________forthesummervacation?

—Whynotvolunteeratthemuseum?A.whatIshoulddo B.whatshouldIdo C.whenIshoulddo D.whenshouldIdo()2.—AbouttheChineseDream,couldyoupleasetellus_________,Mr.Wang?

—Bypullingtogether.A.howcanwemakeitcometrueB.howwecanmakeitcometrueC.whencanwemakeitcometrueD.whenwecanmakeitcometrueAB

四、宾语从句的时态句式转化：(1)“Johnspeakshighlyofyou.”Tomtellsme.→TomtellsmethatJohn________highlyofme.(2)“Jimcomestoschoolonfooteveryday.”hesaid.→HesaidthatJim________toschoolonfooteveryday.(3)“Themoongoesaroundtheearth.”theteachersaid→Theteachersaidthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.speakscamegoes

宾语从句的时态通常由主句来决定，其用法规则可概括为：（1）主现从任（2）主过从过（3）客观真理永一现

主句从句

举例一般现在时可用根据句意选择所需的任何时态IthinkthatIwillbecomerichinthefuture.Ithinkthatheoften

playsports.IthinkthathewenttoBeijingyesterday.

一般过去时一般现在时

→一般过去时HesaidthatJimwenttoschoolonfooteveryday.Hesaidthathewasdoinghomework.Hesaidthathewouldbecomeateacherinthefuture.Hesaidthathehadwrittentwobookssofar.现在进行时

→过去进行时一般将来时

→过去将来时现在完成时

→过去完成时一般过去时

→过去完成时若表示客观事实、真理、自然现象名言警句等，一律用一般现在时Theteachersaidthatthemoontravelsaroundtheearth.

【牛刀小试4】()1.—Doyouknow__________,Alfred?

—At2:00tomorrowafternoon.A.whentheend-of-termconcertbeginB.whendidtheend-of-termconcertbeginC.whentheend-of-termconcertwillbegin D.whenwilltheend-of-termconcertbegin()2.—Guesshowlong_________.Itis516meters—overfivefootballfieldslong.

A.itisB.isit C.itwasD.wasitDA

五、宾语从句的简化

情况

简化think,make,find等引导的宾语从句,可转换为简单句,即：think/make/find+宾语+宾补Hismotherfoundthathewasakindboy.=Hismotherfound________________.由连接代词who,what,which或连接副词when,why,how,where等引导的宾语从句可转换为“疑问词+不定式”结构CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?=Couldyoutellmehow________tothestation?当主句谓语动词是hope，agree，choose，wish，decide，promise等动词时，且主句和从句的主语相同时,从句可转换为“疑问词+不定式”结构Hehopeshewillpasstheexam.=Hehopes___________theexam.

【巩固练习】一、语法选择(

)1.—Jack,couldyoutellme________therewillbeameetingnextweekornot?

—Yes.It’snextMonday.A.if B.whether C.that(

)2.—What’swrongwithyouruncle?—We’resure________somethingiswrongwithhim,butwedon’tknow________hissituationisseriousornot.

A.if;whether B.that;that C.that;whether(

)3.—DoyouhavetimetocometoourThanksgivingparty?—Well,I________.

A.thatIcanfinishmyworkbythenB.ifcanIfinishtheworkbythenC.whetherIcanfinishtheworkbythenBCC

【巩固练习】(

)4.—Doyouknow________?

—At9:00tomorrowmorning.A.whenthevideomeetingbeganB.whenwillthevideomeetingbeginC.whenthevideomeetingwillbegin(

)5.Alwaystellyourparents________youaregoingand________youexpecttobehome.

A.what;where B.where;when C.where;what(

)6.—Iamwondering________.

—Myfatherwilldriveusthere.A.whywewillgototheamusementparkB.howwillwegototheamusementparkC.howwewillgototheamusementparkCBC

【巩固练习】(

)7．Teenagersdon’talwaysunderstand________theirparentshavesomanyrules.A．whyB．whichC．where(

)8．Withthedevelopmentofthetechnology,nobodyknows________theworldwillbelike.A．thatB．whatC．how(

)9．—Doyouknow________DalianLaohutanOceanPark?—NextSunday. A．whenwewillvisit B．whenwevisitC．whenwevisitedABA