2018学年高中一轮复习英语人教话题版练习话题下的高考研究饮食与健康

话题下的高考研究Ⅰ.阅读理解AMostfoodies(吃货)agreethateatinghealthyfoodisimportant.Butsometimesmakinggoodfoodchoicescanbetough.Nowthereareappsthatcanhelppeoplelearnaboutthefoodtheyeattoimprovetheirdietsandtheirdiningoutexperiences.Cheese&WinePairingappWineandcheesecanbeagreatbination.Butwhichwinesgobestwithwhichcheeses?MaxMcCalman'sCheese&WinePairingcanhelp.Itprovidesinformationabouthundredsofdifferentcheesesandadviseswinestopairwitheach.MaxMcCalman'sCheese&WinePairingisfreeforiPhonesandiPads.CalorificappWhatdoes200calorieslooklike?Itcanbehardtopicture.Calorificprovidesimagesof200caloriesworthoffood.Thepicturescanhelppeopleonadietandthosewhojustwanttoeathealthierfood.TheappisfreeforiPadsandiPhones.Thereisalsoaversionthatprovidesmoreinformationforaprice.HappyCowappVegetariansdonoteatanimalmeat.Vegansdonoteatanyanimalproducts.HappyCowismadeforbothgroups.Userscansearchforvegetarian­veganrestaurantsandstoresaroundtheworld.AfreeversionofHappyCowisavailableforAndroidthathasadsandrequiresanInternetconnection.LocalEatsappRestaurantchains,likeMcDonald's,canbefoundalmostanywhereapersonmighttravel.Butsometimestravelerswanttoeatlikelocals.LocalEatsisdesignedforthat.Itlistslocallyownedrestaurantssouserscantryfoodsfromthatarea.Theappcostsaboutadollar.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了四款与饮食有关的手机应用程序，它们可以帮助吃货们充分了解他们的饮食，帮助他们健康节食以及提高他们在外吃饭的质量。1．Ifpeoplewanttogoonadiet,theyneed________.A．Cheese&WinePairing B．LocalEatsC．Calorific D．HappyCow解析：选C细节理解题。根据Calorificapp部分的“...picturescanhelppeopleonadiet...”可知，Calorificapp能帮助要节食的人，diet为关键词。故选C项。2．HowisLocalEatsdifferentfromtheotherapps?A．Itismadeforgroups.B．ItisnotfreeforiPhonesorAndroid.C．Itisdesignedfortravelers.D．Itisnotavailableforvegetarians.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Theappcostsaboutadollar.”可知，LocalEatsapp需要付费，再根据“Cheese&WinePairingapp”部分的“Cheese&WinePairingisfreeforiPhonesandiPads”；Calorificapp部分的“TheappisfreeforiPadsandiPhones.”及HappyCowapp部分的“AfreeversionofHappyCowisavailableforAndroid”可知，其他三款应用程序均可免费使用。故选B项。3．Whatisthemainpurposeofthisarticle?A．Tohelppeoplechoosefreerestaurants.B．ToadvertisethebestappsforiPhones.C．Tointroducesomehealthyeatinghabits.D．Toinformfoodiesofsomeusefulapps.解析：选D写作目的题。根据首段中主题句“Nowthereareappsthatcanhelppeoplelearnaboutthefoodtheyeattoimprovetheirdietsandtheirdiningoutexperiences.”以及四个小标题中的关键词app可判断，本文的主要目的是为吃货们提供有用的应用程序。故选D项。BTakingashowerisrelaxing.Youcanhumasong,daydreamorthinkaboutnothing,leavingtherealworldbehindyou.Butdidyouknowthatshoweringcanalsobenefityourmind?AresearchbyScottBarryKaufman,apsychologistfromYaleUniversityintheU．S.interviewedover3,000peoplearoundtheworld.Itturnedoutthatnearlytwo­thirdsoftheintervieweessaidtheyhadexperiencednewideasintheshowerandweremorelikelytohavethemintheshowerthanatwork.Sowhydoesasimpleshowerhavesuchmagicpower?Sciencecanexplainit.Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine,ahormone(荷尔蒙)closelyrelatedtoourcreativity.“Peoplevaryintermsoftheirlevelofcreativityaccordingtotheactivityofdopamine，”explainedAliceFlaherty,afamousAmericanneuroscientist.“Takingawarmshowercanmakeusfeelrelaxedandthereforemakethedopaminelevelriseandbring‘Aha！’momenttous.”Besidesthechemicalchanges,showeringmaygiveyouabreakfromwhatyoufeelyouhavebeenstuckwith.Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthardalldayaboutaproblem,jumpingintotheshowercankeepyoufromtheoutsideworldsothatyoucanfocusonyourinnerfeelingsandmemories.Inthisway,accordingtoAmericanpsychologistShelleyH.Carson,authorofYourCreativeBrain,“Ashoweringhourmayturnintoan‘incubation(孵化)period’foryourideas.”paredwithsittinginfrontofaputer,takingashowerissomethingwedolessfrequentlyinourdailylife.Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperiencewiththechangeoflocation,temperatureandhumidity.“Newandunexpectedexperiencescanleadtopositivechangesinthinking，”explainedKaufman.“Gettingoffthecouchandjumpingintheshowermaycreateadistanceandforceyoutothinkfromanewpointofview.”Showeringallowsustoenjoythecreativejuicesofourminds,butitneedn'tjustbethebathroomwhereyougetyourinspiration.Forinstance,GertrudeStein,afemaleAmericanwriterandpoet,gotnewideasbydrivingaroundafarmandstoppingatdifferentcowsuntilshefoundtheonethatmostinspiredher.Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.eq\x(语篇解读：一项科学实验证实淋浴对人们身心有益，尤其可以激发大脑的创造力。)4．Accordingtothearticle,whatchangescanshoweringcause?A．Bringingtheterriblemomenttous.B．Settingthecreativepartofthebrainfree.C．Leadingtoboredomortiredness.D．Increasingthelevelofdopamine.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine...”可知，淋浴能够使多巴胺的数值升高。故选D项。5．Ifonehasfocusedonsomethingallday,showeringcanhelp________.A．turnone'sattentioninwardB．drawone'sattentiontotheoutsideworldC．makeanimportantbreakthroughD．manychemicalchangestotakeplace解析：选A细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthard...yourinnerfeelingsandmemories.”可知，淋浴可以使人将注意力转向内心。故选A项。6．AccordingtoKaufman,whycantakingshowersmakeuscreative?A．Becausetakingshowershappensmoreoften.B．Becausetakingshowerscanmakeusacquireafreshexperience,inspiringus.C．Becausenothingbuttakingshowerscangetourinspiration.D．Becausetakingshowerscanhelpustrysomethingunexpected.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperience”及“leadtopositivechangesinthinking”，再结合最后一段的描述可知，淋浴可以帮助我们获得新的体验、赋予我们灵感，故选B项。7．TheexampleofGertrudeSteininthelastparagraphisusedto________.A．encouragereaderstofindtheirownwaysofgettinginspirationB．pointouttoreadersthatit'shardtogetinspirationC．explainhowtolinkinspirationwithreaders'dailylivesD．showthatcreativityoftenesfromstrangeplaces解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“butitneedn'tjustbethebathroomwhereyougetyourinspiration”及最后一句“Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.”可以判断，举该例是为了鼓励读者寻找适合自己的获得灵感的方式。故选A项。CAreyousickofgoingtobedlateandwakinguptired?Thengrabyourhikingbootsandatent.Anewstudysuggeststhatcampinginthegreatoutdoorsforacoupleofdayscanresetyourbodyclockandhelpyougetmoresleep.Thebodyclockisaninternalsystemthattellsourbodieswhenit'stimetogotosleepandwhenit'stimetowakeup.Scientiststrackthisclockbymeasuringtheamountofmelatonin(褪黑激素)circulatinginaperson'sbloodatanygiventime.Inahealthysleeper,melatoninlevelsriseafewhoursbeforebedtime,stayhighthroughthenight,andthensettlebackdownwhenit'stimetowakeup.Inourmodernsociety,however,mostofusstayupmanyhourspastsunsetandwouldprobablysleepinmanyhoursaftersunriseifwecould.Andthetroubleisthatyourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbehighwhenyouralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning,whichleadstofatigue.Itmayalsohaveotherhealthconsequencesaswell,suchasdiabetes(糖尿病),overweightandheartdisease.ProfessorKennethP.WrightJr.oftheUniversityofColoradointheUSwantedtoseeifourbodyclockscanberesetbyashortstayinnature.Histeamrecruited(招募)fourteenphysicallyactivevolunteersintheir20sand30s.Ninewentonaweekendcampingtrip,whiletheotherfivestayedhome.Attheendoftheweekend,theresearchersreportedthatinjusttwodays,thecampers'bodyclocksshiftedsothattheirmelatoninlevelsbegantorisemorethananhourearlierthantheydidbeforetheywentonthetrip.Bycontrast,thebodyclocksofthegroupthatstayedhomeshiftedevenlateroverthecourseoftheweekend.“Thistellsuswecanresetourclocksfast，”Wrightsaid.Therefore,ifyouwanttochangeyoursleeppatternsyoucouldtrytoincreaseyourexposuretonaturallightduringthedayanddecreasetheamountofartificiallightyouseeatnight.Andifthatdoesn'twork,there'salwayscamping.语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。生物钟的作用原理与褪黑激素在人体中的水平变化相关。现代社会中人们不按时作息常常导致褪黑激素水平在早晨时还是很高，导致疲劳，甚至是糖尿病、肥胖和心脏病等。研究发现野外宿营可以让作息不规律的人们的生物钟恢复正常。8．Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Toexplainhowalackofsleepisbadforourhealth.B．Toinformusofapossiblewaytoadjustthebodyclock.C．Toanalyzehowthebodyclockinfluencesoursleepinghabits.D．Toexplorehowthebodyclockisconnectedwithmelatoninlevels.解析：选B写作意图题。通读全文可知，第一段第三句“Anewstudysuggeststhatcampinginthegreatoutdoorsforacoupleofdayscanresetyourbodyclockandhelpyougetmoresleep.”为文章主旨句，据此可知，本文旨在告诉人们，野外宿营几天可以调整人们的生物钟，让人们获得更多的睡眠，故B项正确。9．Theunderlinedword“fatigue”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”．A．tiredness B．excitementC．refreshment D．pressure解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Areyousickofgoingtobedlateandwakinguptired？”及第四段第二句“Andthetroubleisthatyourmelatoninlevelsmaystillbehighwhenyouralarmclockgoesoffinthemorning,whichleadstofatigue.”可知，早晨当你的闹钟响时，你体内的褪黑激素水平可能还是很高，这会导致疲劳，故画线词意为“疲劳”。10．WhatdidWright'steamdiscoverfromtheirexperiment?A．Thebodyclocksofthetwogroupsdidn'tshowmuchdifference.B．Thebodyclocksofthosewhostayedathomeremainedthesame.C．Thosestayingoutdoorsresettheclockinsidetheirbodiesoverashortperiod.D．Changestothebodyclockdon'tnecessarilyaffectmelatoninlevelsinourbodies.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第六段的“Thistellsuswecanresetourclocksfast”可知，实验结果表明，在自然环境中人体的生物钟能快速恢复。故C项正确。11．Accordingtothepassage,tochangeoursleepinghabits,we'dbetter________.A．setanalarmclocktowakeusupontimeinthemorningB．trytoreducemelatoninlevelsasmuchaspossibleatnightC．spendseveralweeksstayingintheopenaireverynowandthenD．getexposedtomorenaturallightinthedaybutlessartificiallightatnight解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，如果要改变睡眠模式，可以通过白天多接触自然光、晚上避免接触人工光源的方式来实现，故D项正确。DResearcherssaycurrentexerciseguidelinesareunrealisticandarguethatdoctorsshouldsometimesadvisesmallincreasesinactivityinstead.Theywarnthe150­minuteweeklytargetisbeyondthereachofsomepeople—particularlyolderindividuals.Andtryingtoreachthesegoalscouldmeanthebenefitsoflighterexerciseareoverlooked.Butpublichealthofficialssaycurrentremendationshaveprovenbenefitsinloweringtheriskofheartdisease.Thereisincreasingevidencethatinactivityislinkedtoheartdisease,type2diabetes(糖尿病)andsometypesofcancer.UKguidelinesforadultsremendatleasttwo­and­a­halfhoursofmoderateactivityaweek,inshortperiodsof10minutesormore.ButintwoseparatearticlesinTheBMJ,expertsarguethemessageneedstochange,withgreateremphasisonmakinginactivepeoplemovemore.Prof.PhilipedeSoutoBarretoattheUniversityHospitalofToulouse,advisespeoplewhoaresedentary(久坐不动的)tomakesmallincreasesintheiractivitylevels—ratherthanpushingtoachievecurrentgoals.Hepointstopreviousstudieswhichshowevenshortperiodsofwalkingorjust20minutesofenergeticactivityafewtimesamonthcanreducetheriskofdeath,paredtopeoplewhodonoexercise.Inthesecondarticle,Prof.PhilipeSparklingoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,saysdoctorsshouldtailortheiradvice—particularlyforolderpatients.HesuggestsusingGPvisitsforpeopleover60todiscuss“realisticoptions”toincreaseactivity—suchasgettingpeopletostandupandmoveduringTVmercialbreaks.Prof.KevinFentonatPublicHealthEnglandsays,“Everyoneneedstobeactiveeveryday—shortperiodsof10ormoreminutesofphysicalactivityhaveprovenhealthbenefits,butgetting150minutesormoreofmoderateactivityeveryweekistheamountweneedtopositivelyimpactonawiderangeofhealthconditions.”Thisincludesreducingtheriskofheartdiseaseandtype2diabetes.eq\x(语篇解读：本文主要讨论了人们对现行锻炼指导原则的不同看法。)12．Whatisthecurrentexercisegoalmentionedinthepassage?A．10­minuteexercise. B．20­minuteexercise.C．60­minuteexercise. D．150­minuteexercise.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theywarnthe150­minuteweeklytargetisbeyondthereachofsomepeople—particularlyolderindividuals.”及“Andtryingtoreachthesegoals”可知，现行的锻炼目标是每周150分钟的运动量，故选D。13．Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A．10­minuteexercisehaslittleeffectonthehealth.B．Heartdiseasehappenseasilytotheoldinactivity.C．Two­and­a­halfhoursofexerciseisnotnecessary.D．Inactivityeasilybringsaboutmanyseriousdiseases.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“Thereisincreasingevidencethatinactivityislinkedtoheartdisease,type2diabetes(糖尿病)andsometypesofcancer.”可知，不活动会引发很多疾病，故选D。14．WhatisthesuggestionofProf.PhilipedeSoutoBarretoaccordingtothethirdparagraph?A．Peopleshouldspendlesstimeonexercise.B．Peopleshouldlowertheiractivitylevels.C．Peopleshouldincreaseexerciseproperly.D．Peopleshouldachievetheircurrentgoals.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Prof.PhilipedeSoutoBarreto...pushingtoachievecurrentgoals.”可知，PhilipedeSoutoBarreto教授建议人们要适当增加锻炼，故选C。15．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutcurrentexerciseguidelines?A．Theyareimpractical.B．Theyarereasonable.C．Theyhavenoeffectonus.D．Theyarepopularwithpeople.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“Researcherssaycurrentexerciseguidelinesareunrealisticandarguethatdoctorsshouldsometimesadvisesmallincreasesinactivityinstead.”可知，现行的锻炼指导原则并不实用，故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空Myparentsowneda500­acrefarminMontanawhenIwasyoung.Lifetherewasfillednotjustwithfunandgamesbut__1__aswell.Thelambingseasonwasespeciallyhard.Montana'sfreezingspringweatherkeptmyparentswatching__2__mamasatallhoursofthedayandnight__3__anewbornlamb.Itwasduringthistimeofnewlifethatmyfavoritechildhoodmemory__4__.Oneexceptionally__5__day,mymotherspiedasheeptryingtodeliverherbabylambandneededmy__6__.Mymothercalmlyheldthesheep'sheadand__7__metogetholdofthelamb'sprotruding(伸出)legs.I__8__andmusthavehadalookofpaniconmyface.Thelittlethingswere__9__notsomethingIwantedtotouch.ButI__10__mycourageandwrappedmyfingers__11__them.Icanstillrememberthe__12__oftheunexpectedlydelicatelegs.Myheartbeatinfearandexcitement__13__Ipulledwithallmystrength.Thelambwasdelivered!Iwasno__14__toseeingfarmanimalsbeingborn,buttohavea__15__initwassomethingIwillcherishforever.I'msureeveryonegotvery__16__hearingmetellandretellmyheroicstory.Lookingback,I'msogladthatIdidn't__17__togetmyhandsdirty.IfIhad,themiraculousmomentandthepreciousmemorywouldhavebeen__18__.Itrytoinstill(逐渐灌输)thatlife__19__intomychildren.Sometimesyouneedtogetyourhandsalittledirtytoexperiencesomething__20__andpure.eq\x(语篇解读：本文作者主要回顾了小时候在农场帮母亲给羊接生的故事及感想。)1．A.pleasure B．dangerC．dilemma D．hardship解析：选D根据下文的“Thelambingseasonwasespeciallyhard.”可推知，农场的生活既充满乐趣也有艰辛。2．A.pregnant B．workingC．desperate D．sleeping解析：选A结合语境“anewbornlamb”可推知，应选A项，意为“怀孕的”。3．A.attheriskof B．incaseofC．freefrom D．inexchangefor解析：选B根据语境“watching__2__mamasatallhoursofthedayandnight”可推知，作者的父母当时日夜看护着怀孕的母羊以防有新羊羔诞生。4．A.faded B．tookpla