2024北京日坛中学高一(下)第一次月考英语试题及答案

试题试题2024北京日坛中学高一（下）第一次月考英语本卷满分100分,考试时间100分钟第一部分:完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,共10分)Itwasaneedthathefirst___1___backin1906whenyoungDalewasajunioratStateTeachersCollegeinWarrensburg.Togetaneducation,hewasstrugglingagainstmanydifficulties.Hisfamilywaspoor.Hisdadcouldn’taffordthe___2___atcollege,soDalehad’toridehorseback12milestoattendclasses.Studyhadtobedonebetweenhisfarm-workroutines.Hestoppedtakingpartinmanyschoolactivitiesbecausehedidn’thavethetimeorthe___3___.Hehadonlyonegoodsuit.Hetriedforthefootballteam,butthecoachturnedhimdownforbeingtoolight.Duringthisperiod,Dalewasslowly___4___aninferioritycomplex(自卑感)whichhismotherknewcould___5___himfromachievinghisrealpotential.ShesuggestedthatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthat___6___inspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.Daletookhismother’sadvice,trieddesperatelyandafterseveralattempts___7___madeit.Thisprovedtobea___8___pointinhislife.Speakingbeforegroupsdidhelphimgaintheconfidenceheneeded.Andhishardworkpaidoff.BythetimeDalewasasenior,hehadwoneverytop___9___inspeech.Nowotherstudentswerecomingtohimforcoachingandlaterthey,inturn,werewinningcontests.Outofthisearlystruggletoovercomehisfeelingsofinferiority,Dalecametounderstandthattheabilityto___10___anideatoanaudiencebuildsaperson’sconfidence.And,withit,Daleknewhecoulddoanythinghewantedtodoandsocouldothers.1.A.wanted B.filled C.recognized D.supplied2.A.teaching B.board C.equipment D.training3.A.idea B.interest C.talent D.clothes4.A.gaining B.achieving C.seeking D.developing5.A.prevent B.protect C.save D.free6.A.presence B.potential C.patience D.practice7.A.hopefully B.certainly C.eventually D.naturally8.A.key B.turning C.breaking D.basic9.A.honor B.work C.praise D.race10.A.stress B.express C.battle D.advance第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASummerreadingFindingJunieKimbyEllenOhMiddleschoolerJunieKimisfacingbullying(欺凌)atschool,butshekeepsquiet.Then,foraschoolproject,Junieinterviewshergrandparents,whogrewupinKoreaduringwartimeinthe1950s.Intheirstoryofstruggle,Juniefindsthecouragetospeakup.ThebookwillencourageanykidwhohaseverbeeninJunie’sshoes.SimonB.Rhymin’byDwayneReedSimonisstartingfifthgradeandwantseveryonetocallhimNotoriousD.O.G.becausehewantstobeafamousrapper(说唱歌手).Buthe’sshyaboutusinghisvoicetoexpresshisthoughts.Whenateacheraskstheclasstogiveatalk,Simonmustfacehisfears.SimonB.Rhymin’isagreatbookthatwillgiveconfidencetoreaderswhoaregoingthroughsimilarstruggles.AShotintheArm!byDonBrownAShotintheArm!isanovelaboutthehistoryofvaccines(疫苗).Readerslearnhowvaccineshavebeenusedthroughouthistorytofightdisease.Theauthoralsointroducespeoplearoundtheworldwhohelpedwiththedevelopmentofvaccines.AShotintheArm!isanexcitingreadthatusescolorfuldrawingstopullthereaderin.TheOneThingYou’dSavebyLindaSueParkIfyourhousewereonfire,whatonethingwouldyousave?WriterLindaSueParkexploresdifferentanswerstothisquestioninpoemsthatshowthedifferentvoicesofamiddleschoolclass.Somechoosebaseballcardsortoyanimals.Onepicksasweaterthatwaspasseddownforgenerations.Thebookisillustrated(给……作插图)withblack-and-whiteart.Readersofallageswilllikethisbook.Ithelpsyourealizewhatmattersmost.11.WhatproblemdoesSimonhave?A.Heisbulliedatschool. B.Hefearsreceivingvaccines.C.Hedislikesdoinghishomework. D.Heisafraidofexpressinghisideas.12.Whichbookwillyouchooseifyou’reinterestedinhistoryorscience?A.FindingJunieKim. B.SimonB.Rhymin’.C.AShotintheArm! D.TheOneThingYou’dSave.13.WhatdoweknowaboutTheOneThingYou’dSave?A.Itisforteenagereaders. B.Itiswritteninpoemform.C.Ithasmanycolorfulpictures. D.ItwaswrittenbyDwayneReed.BMorethan100people,allvisuallydamagedmodels,attendedafashionshoworganizedbya41-year-oldHempsteadblindmodel,AnnaleeSmith,onSaturday.Smith,whobeganmodelingfiveyearsagoandwonTheFaceofKurvaciousModelCompetitionlastyear,wasdiagnosed(诊断)withretinitispigmentosa(色素性视网膜炎)attheageof12.Theraregeneticconditionworsenedhervision.Sheexplainedthattherewerefewvisuallydamagedrolemodelsinthepublicfield.AndwhilethefirstNewYorkfashionshowstarringblindmodelstookthestagein2016,visuallydamagedmodelsstilldon’thavealargopresenceinfashion.SoSmithbeganplanningherownshowoverayearago.Sheinitiallyplannedforonlyahandfulofmodels,butafterannouncingtheevent,sheexpandedthenumberofparticipantsafterreachingmorevisuallydamagedwomanthatsheexpected.“I’minspiredevenbymyownself,”shesaid.RafiaLawal,alsoamodel,37,wasdiagnosedwithcataracts(白内障)asayounggirl.Sheauditioned(试演)foraspoton“America’sNextTopModel”duringtheshow’searlyseasonsbutwasn’tselected.Sheblameditonherpreviouslackofconfidenceandinsecurityduetoherdisability.“Insteadoflookingatthecamera,Iwaskindofclosingmyeyes,”shesaid.Nowfilledwithconfidence,shesaidsheviewedtheeventasachancetocorrectthebeliefthatblindorvisuallydamagedwomendon’tcareaboutfashion.14.WhydidAnnaleeSmithplanherownshow?A.Toraisemoneyfromvisuallydamagedwomen.B.Tomakeherownfashionshowanewtrend.C.Toinvolvemorevisuallydamagedwomeninfashion.D.Toboostherconfidenceinorganizationalskills.15.Whatisthefunctionofthelastparagraph?A.Givingmorebackgroundinformation.B.Sharinganothervisuallydamagedwoman’sstory.C.Indicatingthepositiveinfluenceoftheshow.D.Stressingtheimportanceofconfidence.16.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.AModelDevotedtoJoiningFashionShowB.AFashionShowFeaturingVisuallyDamagedModelsC.AProgramtoOrganizeShowsforDisabledwomanD.AStoryBehindVisuallyDamagedWomenCThebrainfunctionofverylaterisersand“morninglarks(早睡早起的人)”duringthehoursoftheworkingdayisdifferent,accordingtoastudy.Researchersscannedthebrainsofnightowls(夜猫子)withabedtimeof02:30andawaketimeof10:15,alongwithearlyrisers.Thetestsperformedbetween08:00and20:00foundnightowlshadlessconnectivityinbrainareaslinkedtokeepingconsciousness.Theyweremorelikelytobescatterbrainedandtheyalsohadslowerreactionsandincreasedsleepiness.Scientiststook38peoplewhowereeithernightowlsormorninglarks(peoplewhowenttobedjustbefore23:00andwokeat06:30)andstudiedtheirbrainfunctionatrest.Thevolunteersthencarriedoutaseriesoftasksatvarioustimes,from08:00to20:00,andwereaskedtoreportontheirlevelsofsleepiness.Morninglarkswereleastsleepyandhadtheirfastestreactiontimeintheearlymorningtests.Theywerealsofoundtoperformsignificantlybetteratthistimethannightowls.Incontrast,nightowlswereleastsleepyandhadtheirfastestreactiontimeat20:00,althoughtheydidnotdosignificantlybetterthanthelarksatthistime.Thebrainconnectivityintheareasthatpredictedbetterperformanceandlowersleepinesswassignificantlyhigherinlarksatalltimepoints,suggestingconnectivityinlaterisersisimpaired(减弱的)throughoutthewholeworkingday,researcherssaid.Theleadresearcher,DrEliseFacer-Childs,oftheUniversityofBirmingham’sCentreforHumanBrainHealth,saidthefindings“couldbepartlydrivenbythefactthatnightowlstendtocompromisethroughouttheirlives.”Headded,“Nightowlsduringschoolhavetogetupearlier,thentheygointoworkandtheyhavetogetupearlier,sothey’reconstantlyinconflict.”Therefore,DrFacerChildscalledformoreresearchestounderstandtheeffectsofnightowlsperformingonaworkorschoolscheduletowhichtheyarenotnaturallysuited.17.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“scatterbrained”inParagraph2?A.Unfocused.B.Satisfied.C.Recognized.D.Discovered.18.Whatconclusiondidtheresearchersdrawfromthetests?A.Morninglarksweremoretiredinthemorning.B.Nightowlsweremoreactiveinthemorning.C.Morninglarksperformbetterallday.D.Nightowlsperformbetterallday.19.AccordingtoDrFacer-Childs,whatshouldlaterresearchconcerningnightowlsfocuson?A.Theworkingsoftheirbrain.B.Theeffectsoftheircompromises.C.Whethertheycanturnintomorninglarks.D.Howtohelpthemadapttothenormalschedule.20.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tosolveaproblem.B.Togivepracticaladvice.C.Totellaninterestingstory.D.Topresentaresearchresult.DAsashiftinthepolarvortex(极地涡旋)sweptacrossmuchoftheUS,manypeopleinthecountrywerehitwithasuddensnapofcold.Heavyiceandsnowcoupledwithfallentreescausedtheoutagesinmajorcities,withcompaniesunabletotelltheircustomerswhenpowerwillberestored.Polarvorticeswerenoticedlongago.Butthefirstknownuseoftheterm“polarvortex”wasinamagazinein1853.Polarvorticesarepresentyear-round,butwedon’thearaboutthemuntiltheycauseproblems.TheymaintainfreezingtemperaturesattheNorthandSouthpolesbymovingintightcounter-clockwisepatterns.Polarvorticesgrowstrongerinwinterandweakeninsummer.Theyarekeptinplaceatthepolesbyanotheratmosphericcurrentcalledthejetstream.However,whenthejetstreamsweaken,thecoldwindsofthepolarvortexarepushedsouthwardsanditisduringthistimethatpeoplebegintopayattention!InTexas,roadsfrozeover,causingsixtrafficdeaths,andmanyschoolswereshut-down.PeoplearenottheonlyEarthlingstostrugglewiththecold.Cropsandanimalsarealsofreezing.Thiscouldhavemajorconsequences,especiallyifherdsofcattledie.Ifsnowblockscattle,theanimalscan’treachbasicnecessitieslikefoodandfreshwater.Onabrighternote,someTexascitiesweremorepreparedthanothers.Forinstance,Amarillo,whichislocatedinNorthTexas,sotheyaremoreaccustomedtocoldertemperatures.Amarilloisnotablebecausethecitywasredesignedtostanduptoseverewinterstorms.Officialshavespreadoutfirestationstoincreasecoverageoffirstresponders,employedmodifieddumptrucksforclearingice,andupgradedciviccenterstoprovideshelterduringstorms.Hopefully,otherTexascitieswillfollowthegoodexamplesetbyAmarillo!21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outages”referto?A.Trafficjams. B.Powerstruggles.C.Powercuts. D.Trafficaccidents.22.Whatcanwelearnaboutpolarvortices?A.Theygrowstrongerinsummer. B.Theyareaffectedbyjetstreams.C.Theywerefirstobservedin1853. D.Theymoveinaclockwisedirection.23.Whatisthelastbutoneparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thedefinitionofthepolarvortex. B.Thecharacteristicsofthepolarvortex.C.Thewaystodealwiththepolarvortex. D.Theseriousimpactmadebythepolarvortex.24.WhyisAmarillostriking?A.BecauseitislocatedinthenorthofTexas.B.Becauseithasbeenupgradedandmodernized.C.Becauseithasbeenregardedasanexampletoothercities.D.Becauseithastakeneffectivemeasurestoresistwinterstorms.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项有两项为多余选项。PhysicistandNobelPrizewinnerRichardFeynmandevelopedacleverlearningmethodknownastheFeynmanTechnique.Itinvolvesexplainingwhatyou'relearningtoothers.Byteachingwhatyou’velearnedfrommemory,youengageinactiverecall.____25____Italsoensuresthatyouunderstandthetopic,becauseyoucanonlyexplainanideaifyoutrulyunderstandit.Thetechniqueconsistsoffourrepeatablesteps.Tobegin,chooseaconceptortopicyouwishtofullyunderstand.___26___Themoreinterestedyouare,thefasteryou’llgraspit.Moreover,apersonallyinterestingtopicwillkeepyoumotivatedandengaged.___27___Writenotesandexplainitinawaythatmakessensetoafive-year-old.Ifyou’dratheravoidactuallyteachingsomeone,youcanjustteachittoanimaginaryaudience.Butitworksmuchbetterifyouusearealperson.They’llbeabletoletyouknowwhensomethingisn’tclear.Whileteachingyoumaydiscovergapsinyourunderstanding.____28____Reviewyournotes,rereadbooks,orseekexternalhelptoensureyouhaveacompleteunderstandingofthecontextbeforemovingforward.Nowthatyoufullygrasptheconcept,testyourunderstandingbytryingtoteachittoanotherperson.Thiswillhelpyouidentifyanyremainingareasofuncertaintyyouneedtorevisit.TheFeynmanTechniqueisagreatwayforkidsandgrown-upstolearn.____29____Youneedtoactivelythinkabouttheprobleminsteadofpassivelyreadingorlisteningtosomeoneelse.However,withgreateffortsinmasteringthismethod,you’llseeyourlearningresultsimprovequickerthaneverbefore.A.Itismentallydemanding.B.Thishelpstheinformationstickinyourmindbetter.C.Teachittoafive-year-old,whowouldgiveyoudirectfeedback.D.Yourcuriosityaboutitwilldeterminethepaceofyourlearning.E.Onceyouhavechosenatopic,youcanteachittosomeoneelse.F.Activeengagementplaysakeyroleinpromotingdeeperlearning.G.Whenthishappens,referbacktotheoriginalmaterialforthemissingpieces.第三部分:基础知识运用(共两节,20分)第二节选词填空(共10小题;每小题1分,共10分)从框中选择合适的单词或词组，用其正确形式填空，并将答案书写在答题卡相应位置。baseonontheedgeofrunoutbreatheininturnsurvivethemomentattemptturnone’sbackonfightfortakeshelterfromhave...inmindapartfromadmire30.Theyweredonefightingforothersnow,they________theirfreedom.31.“Reward?Whatdidyou________?”thebossshoutedangrilytohim.32.Whichismoredifficult,________orbreathingout?33.Thefilm________therealstoryofthehero.34.________singingasong,hetoldajoke.35.He________toescapebutfailed.36.Humanbeingsareinfinitelyflexibleandabletoadjustwhen________dependsonit.37.Theboy’sheroicbehavioris________.38.Timewas________,andpressurewasmounting.39.Thefrog________thestorminanearbycave.第三节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分,共10分)用括号中单词的正确形式填空或在空白处填入适当的单词使句子意义完整。40.TuYouyouwasthefirstChinesefemalescientist________(award)aNoblePrizeforherwork.(所给词的适当形式填空)41.ShestudiedChinesemedicinefortwoandahalfyearswithexpectsinthefieldfrom________shegainedadeepknowledge.（用适当的词填空）42.Sheresearchedhundredsoftraditionalrecipes______(connect)toanti-malarialcures.(所给词的适当形式填空)43.MytwobrothersandIwerecomingbackfromtheislands______weoftenriskedgoingandgotmorefishthanothers.（用适当的词填空）44.Thewavescarriedmetoanarea________wasnearthefishermen.（用适当的词填空）45.Thisisthereason________hegaveus.（用适当的词填空）46.Uptonowlotsoftests________(prove)thatthesystemworks.(所给词的适当形式填空)47.Everybodywere________(curiosity)aboutthepeoplewholivedupstairs.（所给词的适当形式填空）48.EvenAmundsen________(move)byScott’sdeath.（所给词的适当形式填空）49.Hehadteamsofdogs________(pull)thesledgesandallhismenwereonskis.(所给词的适当形式填空)第四部分书面表达(共两节,32分)第一节(共4小题;第50、51题各2分,第52题3分,第53题5分,共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。KieranBehanwasjustaboy,maybe6yearsold,whenhefellinlovewithgymnastics,butthatwasbeforeaseriesofinjuries,twososeverethatdoctorstoldhimhewouldneverwalkagain.YetBehan,pushedon.“Doctorstoldme,‘stopthinkingaboutyourcrazydreamsandyoumustacceptthatit’soverforyou,’”Behansaid.“ButIjustkeptsaying:‘No,no,no—thisisnottherestofmylife.Thisisnothowit’sgoingtoplayout.’Andlookatmenow,anOlympian.Theysaiditwasimpossible,butIdidit.”KieranBehanstartedgymnasticswhenhewas8.Butsooncamethefirstofmanyblows:duringalegoperation,adoctor’smistakecausedaseverenervedamagethatleftBehanwithlimitedfeelinginhisleftfoot.Doctorstoldhimtopreparehimselfforlifeinawheelchair.Theywerewrong.Althoughittook15months,Behanwentbacktogymnastics.Buteightmonthsafterhereturnedfromhisleginjury,disasterhitagain.Hehitthebackofhisheadduringtraining.TheaccidentcausedabraininjurywhichaffectedhisbalancesomuchthateventheslightestmovementcouldcauseBehantofaint.Mearlytwoyearsafternon-stopphysicaltherapy,KieranBehandidwhathedidbest:hepickedhimselfupagain.Hesaidhecouldnotlivewithoutgymnasticsandneverdoubtedhewouldbeback.Finally,in2012,hisdeterminationbegantopayoff.HisexcellentperformanceattheOlympictesteventqualifiedhimfortheGames.“IfeltlikeIwasinafairytale,”hesaidoftheLondonGames.“AllIcouldthinkaboutwas:‘Isthisadream?Tellmethisisreallyhappening.’”Eventhoughbedidnotenteranyoftheeventfinals,Behanneverlostheartandperseveredtomakeitforthe2016OlympicGamesatRiodeJaneiro.Behanhopeshistalemightinspireotherstoovercomehardship,whetheritisinsports,atworkorathome.Still,hestruggledtoexplainwhyhehasbeensounbeatable.“Ithinkit’sprobablyjustinmyblood,”hesaid.“Iwasjustborntodothis.”50.WhathappenedduringBehan’slegoperation?________________________________________________________________51.InwhatwaydidBehan’sbraininjuryinfluencehim?________________________________________________________________52.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.BecauseofBehan’sdetermination,hewonatthefinalsintheLondonGames.________________________________________________________________53.DoyouthinkBehanisagreatathlete?Whyorwhynot?(Inabout40words)________________________________________________________________第二节(20分)54.你的笔友Jim写信问你谁是你最尊敬的人。请你回信，谈谈你最尊敬的人。信的内容包括：1.人物简介；2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。注意：1.词数100左右；DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursLiHua

参考答案第一部分:完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,共10分)【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.D5.A6.D7.C8.B9.A10.B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了家境贫困的戴尔在上大学期间因为各种困难而变得越来越自卑，于是母亲建议他参加辩论队，在众人面前演讲让他重获自信。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到1906年，年轻的戴尔在沃伦堡州立师范学院读大三时，他第一次意识到了这一需求。A.wanted想要；B.filled填满；C.recognized意识到；D.supplied供应。根据下文“whenyoungDalewasajunioratStateTeachersCollegeinWarrensburg”以及“Togetaneducation,hewasstrugglingagainstmanydifficulties.”可知，在1906年的时候戴尔第一次意识到了一个需求，所以接下来为了这一需求，他不断的在努力。故选C。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲付不起大学里的伙食费，所以戴尔不得不骑马12英里去上课。A.teaching教学；B.board伙食；C.equipment设备；D.training训练。根据上文“Hisfamilywaspoor.”以及句中的“Dalehadtoridehorseback12miles”可知，戴尔家非常的穷，每天要骑马上学，所以他付不起伙食费。故选B。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不参加许多学校活动，因为他没有时间也没有衣服。A.idea想法；B.interest兴趣；C.talent天赋；D.clothes衣服。根据下文“Hehadonlyonegoodsuit.”可知，戴尔只有一套好衣服，他因为没有合适的衣服而不参加很多活动。故选D。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这段时间里，戴尔慢慢地产生了自卑感，他的母亲知道这会阻碍他发挥真正的潜力。A.gaining获得；B.achieving实现；C.seeking寻找；D.developing形成。根据空前的“slowly”和空后的“aninferioritycomplex”可知，这种自卑感是逐渐累积形成的。故选D。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这段时间里，戴尔慢慢地产生了自卑感，他的母亲知道这会阻碍他发挥真正的潜力。A.prevent阻碍；B.protect保护；C.save节省；D.free释放。根据空后的“himfromachievinghisrealpotential”可知，这里是说这种自卑感会阻止他发挥真正的潜力。故选A。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她建议戴尔加入辩论队，相信练习演讲可以给他所需的信心和认可。A.presence在场，出席；B.potential潜力；C.patience耐心；D.practice实践，练习。根据空后的“inspeaking”可知，在辩论队需要练习演讲。故选D。【7题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：戴尔听从了母亲的建议，拼命地尝试，几次尝试后终于成功了。A.hopefully有希望地；B.certainly无疑，确定；C.eventually最后，终于；D.naturally自然地。根据空前的“afterseveralattempts”和空后的“madeit”可知，他经过几次尝试后最终获得了成功。故选C。【8题详解】考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：这是他人生的转折点。A.key关键的；B.turning转变；C.breaking打破；D.basic基础的。根据上文中的“Dalewasslowly____4____aninferioritycomplex(自卑感)”和下文“Speakingbeforegroupsdidhelphimgaintheconfidenceheneeded.”可知，戴尔以前自卑，加入辩论队后重获自信，所以这是他的人生转折点。turningpoint“转折点”。故选B。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：戴尔大四的时候，他已经赢得了演讲中的每一项最高荣誉。A.honor荣誉；B.work工作；C.praise表扬；D.race赛跑。根据空前的“woneverytop”可知，他赢得了演讲中的每一项最高荣誉。故选A。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从克服自卑感的早期斗争中，戴尔逐渐明白，向观众表达想法的能力会建立一个人的信心。A.stress强调；B.express表达；C.battle战斗；D.advance推动。根据空后的“anideatoanaudience”可知，演讲可以向观众表达自己的想法。故选B。第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)【答案】11.D12.C13.B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本适合暑假阅读的书籍，包括书名、内容简介和作者等相关内容。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据文章SimonB.Rhymin’中的“Buthe’sshyaboutusinghisvoicetoexpresshisthoughts.Whenateacheraskstheclasstogiveatalk,Simonmustfacehisfears.(但他羞于用声音来表达自己的想法。当老师要求全班做一个演讲时，西蒙必须面对他的恐惧。)”可知，Simon不敢表达自己的想法。故选D。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章AShotintheArm!部分中的“AShotintheArm!isanovelaboutthehistoryofvaccines(疫苗).Readerslearnhowvaccineshavebeenusedthroughouthistorytofightdisease.(《AShotintheArm!》是一部关于疫苗历史的小说。读者可以了解疫苗在历史上是如何被用来对抗疾病的。)”可知，《AShotintheArm!》这本书是一部关于疫苗历史的小说，因此对历史和科学感兴趣的人可以选择这本书。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章TheOneThingYou’dSave部分中的“WriterLindaSueParkexploresdifferentanswerstothisquestioninpoemsthatshowthedifferentvoicesofamiddleschoolclass.(作家LindaSuePark在诗中探讨了这个问题的不同答案，诗中表现了一个中学班级的不同声音。)”可推断出，这本书是以诗歌的形式呈现的。故选B。】14.C15.C16.B【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了盲人模特安娜莉·史密斯为了鼓励更多视觉受损女性加入时尚界，创办了一场以视觉受损的模特为主角的时装秀。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Sheexplainedthattherewerefewvisuallydamagedrolemodelsinthepublicfield.AndwhilethefirstNewYorkfashionshowstarringblindmodelstookthestagein2016,visuallydamagedmodelsstilldon’thavealargopresenceinfashion.(她解释说，在公共领域，很少有视觉受损的模特。虽然第一场由盲人模特主演的纽约时装秀于2016年登上舞台，但视觉受损的模特在时尚界仍然没有很大的影响力)”及下一段“SoSmithbeganplanningherownshowoverayearago.(因此，史密斯在一年多前就开始筹划自己的时装秀)”可知，AnnaleeSmith筹划自己的时装秀是为了让更多视觉受损的女性参与时尚。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Sheinitiallyplannedforonlyahandfulofmodels,butafterannouncingtheevent,sheexpandedthenumberofparticipantsafterreachingmorevisuallydamagedwomanthatsheexpected.(她最初计划只有少数模特参加，但在宣布活动后，她扩大了参与者的数量，因为她找到了更多视觉受损的女性，这超出了她的预期)”及最后一段“RafiaLawal,alsoamodel,37,wasdiagnosedwithcataracts(白内障)asayounggirl.Sheauditioned(试演)foraspoton“America’sNextTopModel”duringtheshow’searlyseasonsbutwasn’tselected.Sheblameditonherpreviouslackofconfidenceandinsecurityduetoherdisability.(37岁的拉菲亚·劳瓦尔也是一名模特，她小时候被诊断出患有白内障。她参加了《全美超模大赛》前几季的试镜，但没有被选中。她把这归咎于自己之前因残疾而缺乏自信和不安全感)”及“Nowfilledwithconfidence,shesaidsheviewedtheeventasachancetocorrectthebeliefthatblindorvisuallydamagedwomendon’tcareaboutfashion.(现在她充满了自信，她说，她认为这次活动是一个机会，可以纠正人们认为盲人或视力受损的女性不关心时尚的看法)”可知，最后一段讲到RafiaLawal参与活动的经历改变了自己是为了表明这个节目的积极影响。故选C。【16题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Morethan100people,allvisuallydamagedmodels,attendedafashionshoworganizedbya41-year-oldHempsteadblindmodel,AnnaleeSmith,onSaturday.(上周六，100多名视障模特参加了一场由41岁的亨普斯特德盲人模特安娜莉·史密斯(AnnaleeSmith)组织的时装秀)”及下文讲到AnnaleeSmith举办时装秀的目的和参与者的感受可知，本文介绍了一场以视觉受损的模特为主角的时装秀。B选项“一场以视觉受损的模特为主角的时装秀”为最佳标题。故选B。【答案】17.A18.C19.B20.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究表明，晚起的人和早起的人在工作日的大脑功能是不同的。【17题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词上一句“Thetestsperformedbetween08:00and20:00foundnightowlshadlessconnectivityinbrainareaslinkedtokeepingconsciousness.(在8点到20点之间进行的测试发现，夜猫子大脑中与保持意识有关的区域的连通性较差)”及后面的“theyalsohadslowerreactionsandincreasedsleepiness.(反应也更慢，更容易犯困)”可推知，晚睡晚起者更可能会精神状态不太好，注意力不易集中，由此可知，画线单词“scatterbrained”意为“注意力不集中”，与A项“Unfocused.(不专注的)”。故选A项。【18题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Thebrainconnectivityintheareasthatpredictedbetterperformanceandlowersleepinesswassignificantlyhigherinlarksatalltimepoints,suggestingconnectivityinlaterisersisimpaired(减弱的)throughoutthewholeworkingday,researcherssaid.(研究人员称，在所有时间点，早起的人大脑中表现更好、困倦程度更低的区域的连通性明显更高，这表明晚起的人在整个工作日的连通性都受到了损害)”可知，在测试中，早睡早起者整个白天的表现都要比晚睡晚起者好。故选C项。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Therefore,DrFacerChildscalledformoreresearchestounderstandtheeffectsofnightowlsperformingonaworkorschoolscheduletowhichtheyarenotnaturallysuited.(因此，费瑟·蔡尔兹博士呼吁进行更多的研究，以了解夜猫子在努力去适应他们天生不适合的工作或学习上时会产生的影响)”可知,DrFacerChilds认为研究人员应就晚睡晚起者为了工作和学习所作的妥协会给他们造成怎样的影响进行进一步研究。故选B项。【20题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Thebrainfunctionofverylaterisersand‘morninglarks(早睡早起的人)’duringthehoursoftheworkingdayisdifferent,accordingtoastudy.(一项研究表明，晚起的人和早起的人在工作日的大脑功能是不同的)”以及下文对此研究的详细介绍可知，文章主要向读者介绍一项研究结果。故选D项。答案】21.C22.B23.D24.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。极地涡旋会给人类的生命财产带来巨大的威胁，但是好在人类已采取有效措施抵御冬季风暴。【21题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的“withcompaniesunabletotelltheircustomerswhenpowerwillberestored(公司无法告知客户电力何时恢复)”可知，outages意为“断电”。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Theyarekeptinplaceatthepolesbyanotheratmosphericcurrentcalledthejetstream.However,whenthejetstreamsweaken,thecoldwindsofthepolarvortexarepushedsouthwardsanditisduringthistimethatpeoplebegintopayattention!(它们被另一种被称为高速气流的大气流固定在两极。然而，当急流减弱时，极地涡旋的冷风被推向南方，正是在这段时间，人们开始注意！)”可知，极涡受到急流的影响。故选B。【23题详解】主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“InTexas,roadsfrozeover,causingsixtrafficdeaths,andmanyschoolswereshut-down.PeoplearenottheonlyEarthlingstostrugglewiththecold.Cropsandanimalsarealsofreezing.Thiscouldhavemajorconsequences,especiallyifherdsofcattledie.Ifsnowblockscattle,theanimalscan’treachbasicnecessitieslikefoodandfreshwater.(在德克萨斯州，道路结冰，造成6人死亡，许多学校关闭。人类并不是地球上唯一与寒冷作斗争的生物。农作物和动物也在受冻。这可能会产生重大后果，特别是如果成群的牛死亡。如果大雪阻挡了牛群，这些动物就无法获得食物和淡水等基本必需品。)”可知，倒数第二段主要讲的是极地涡旋造成的严重影响。故选D。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Amarilloisnotablebecausethecitywasredesignedtostanduptoseverewinterstorms.(阿马里洛之所以引人注目，是因为这座城市经过了重新设计，以抵御严重的冬季风暴。)”可知，阿马里洛引人注目是因为它已采取有效措施抵御冬季风暴。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)【答案】25.B26.D27.E28.G29.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了物理学家、诺贝尔奖得主理查德·费曼发明的被称为费曼技巧的一种聪明的学习方法。【25题详解】由上文“PhysicistandNobelPrizewinnerRichardFeynmandevelopedacleverlearningmethodknownastheFeynmanTechnique.Itinvolvesexplainingwhatyou'relearningtoothers.Byteachingwhatyou’velearnedfrommemory,youengageinactiverecall.(物理学家、诺贝尔奖得主理查德·费曼发明了一种聪明的学习方法，被称为费曼技巧。它包括向别人解释你正在学习的东西。通过教授你从记忆中学到的东西，你参与了主动回忆。)”可知，本空要说跟“这种学习方法的好处”有关的话题，故B选项“Thishelpstheinformationstickinyourmindbetter.(这有助于信息更好地留在你的脑海中。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。【26题详解】由下文“Themoreinterestedyo