山东省青岛市2021届高三上学期期末教学质量检测考试英语试题含解析

高三教学质量检测英语试题本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。满分120分，考试用时100分钟。考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第I卷(共65分)第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分；满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheactofsocialdistancing（社交距离）hasbecomeaneffectiveprotectivemeasureagainstthenovelcoronavirus(冠状病毒)andapartofeverydaylifeacrosstheworld.Manycountrieshavelauncheddifferentsocialdistancingmeasures.Somearestrictwhileothersarecreative.Let’stakealookatthreespecialquarantine(隔离)measuresaroundtheworld.PanamaWithmorethan3,000confirmedcasesbyApril12,theCentralAmericancountryPanamahasannouncedstrictquarantinemeasures.Oneofthemistoseparatepeoplebygender（性别）togoout.StartinginApril,malesinthecountryarerequiredtoleavehomeonTuesday,ThursdayandSaturdaywhilefemalescangooutonMonday,WednesdayandFridayeveryweek.NooneisallowedtogooutonSundays.TofurtherpreventthespreadofCOVID-19,citizensareabletoleavetheirhomesforonlytwohoursatatime.“Thisabsolutequarantineisfornothingmorethantosaveyourlife,”thecountry’ssecurityministerJuanPinosaidatanewsconference.ButaccordingtotheGuardian,thequarantinemeasuresdonotapplytocivilservants（公务员）orotheressentialstaff(职工)whoarebattlingagainstthenovelcoronavirusonthefrontline.ColombiaIDnumbersareuniqueidentificationtoolsforindividuals,buttheymayalsobeusedtodecidewhenpeoplecangooutinColombiaduringthenovelcoronaviruspandemic.AccordingtotheBBC,peopleinsomeColombiantownsareallowedtobeoutsidebasedonthelastdigitoftheirnationalIDnumber.Forexample,innorthwest-centralColombia,peoplewithanIDnumberendinginzero,fourorsevenareallowedtoleavethehouseonMonday,whilethosewithanIDnumberendinginone,fiveoreightcangooutsideonTuesday.SimilarquarantinemeasureshavebeenproposedinthenearbycountryofBolivia.FranceThoughoutdoorexerciseisagoodwaytokeephealthy,itcansometimescausetoomanypeopletogatherinoneplace.InordertopreventthespreadofCOVID-19,Parishasbannedalloutdoorexercisebetween10amand7pm.Outsideofthistimespan,peopleareallowedtoexerciseindividuallyaslongasit’sforlessthananhourandwithinonekilometeroftheirhome.Ifpeoplebreaktherule,theywillfacefinesofbetween€135(about1,040yuan)and€375.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutPanama’ssocialdistancingmeasures?A.Noonecangooutfordinner,startinginApril.B.Allcitizensshouldfollowtherulesofgoingoutbygender.C.Ordinarycitizenscanstayoutsideforatmosttwohoursatatime.D.CivilservantsareallowedtogoouteverydayexceptonSundays.2.WhichgroupisallowedtogooutonMondaysinnorthwest-centralColombia,duringthenovelcoronaviruspandemic?A.Females.B.Males.C.ThosewithanIDnumberendinginone,fiveoreight.D.ThosewithanIDnumberendinginzero,fourorseven.3.WhichofthefollowingfollowstherulesinFrance?A.Cyclingaroundone’shomeat5pm.B.Playingbasketballwithfriendsat8pm.C.Playingbadmintoninfrontofone’shouseatnoon.D.Joggingalonenearone’shomefrom8amto8:30am【答案】1.C2.D3.D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要列举了三个国家在新冠疫情期间的特殊隔离措施，即保持社交距离，它已成为预防新型冠状病毒传播的有效措施。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Panama中的“TofurtherpreventthespreadofCOVID-19,citizensareabletoleavetheirhomesforonlytwohoursatatime.”可知，为进一步防止COVID-19传播，市民一次只能离开家两小时。由此可知，根据巴拿马的社交隔离措施，普通市民一次最多可以在外面呆两个小时。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Colombia中的“Forexample,innorthwest-centralColombia,peoplewithanIDnumberendinginzero,fourorsevenareallowedtoleavethehouseonMonday,whilethosewithanIDnumberendinginone,fiveoreightcangooutsideonTuesday.”可知，例如，在哥伦比亚西北中部地区，身份证号码尾数为0、4或7的人可以在周一出门，而身份证号码尾数为1、5或8的人则可以在周二出门。由此可知，在疫情期间的哥伦比亚西北中部地区，身份证号码以0、4或7结尾的人可以在周一外出。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据France中的“InordertopreventthespreadofCOVID-19,Parishasbannedalloutdoorexercisebetween10amand7pm.Outsideofthistimespan,peopleareallowedtoexerciseindividuallyaslongasit’sforlessthananhourandwithinonekilometeroftheirhome.”可知，为防止COVID-19疫情蔓延，巴黎已禁止上午10时至晚上7时的所有户外活动。在这段时间之外，人们可以单独锻炼不超过一小时，并且在距离自己家一公里的范围以内。由此可知，D选项“从早上8点到8:30在自己家附近独自慢跑”符合法国的规则。故选D。BMy11-year-olddaughterhasbeenawardedanacademicscholarshiptoaprivateschoo1.It’sonlyasmalldiscount,butthescholarshipmeansshe’llskipthewaitinglistprovidedmyhusbandandIcancover$20,000ayear.Shouldwepaytheprivateschoolfees,orchoosefreeeducationinstead?Ialwaysassumedmychildrenwouldgotoaprivateschool,likeIdid.Notbecausemyfamilyiswealthy,butbecauseIbelievethatthebesteducationisprivate.Ittookyearsformetomakepeacewiththefactthatmytwochildrenattendedourlocalpublicprimaryschoo1.They’llgotoaprivatehighschool,Itoldmyself.Yethereweare.Myeldestisnowinherlastyearofprimaryschool,andmyhusbandandIwillstruggletoaffordprivateschoo1.Ifwe’retosendourgirltoprivateschool,Icouldincreasemyworkhours.Mylawdegreewassupposedtobemytickettoagoodjobandasolidincome,butthat’snotquitehowitturnedout.Theguiltandexpectationsareminealone.I’mterrifiedthatmydaughter’spotentialwillbewastedatthepublicschoo1.Andyet,Iknowthatworkingmorehourswillmakemebreakdown.Duringmanysleeplessnights,Ifelttroubledbythedecision.AlthoughIwantthebestformydaughter,Ihavemyowndreamstoo.Ican’tsacrificeeverythingformypreciousgirl.IexplainthatIwanttobeapositiverolemodelformydaughter,andanunhappyparentisterriblestrainonafamily.Ipointoutnoteventheprivilegeofprivateschoolwillprotectmychildrenfromdisappointmentorstruggle.Andultimately,it’sdecided.Mydaughterisgoingtothepublicschoolbehindourhome.Shecouldn’tbemorepleased.It’stakenmealittlelonger,butnowI’mcontent.Morethanmyfancyprivateschooleducation,it’smyfamilythatshapedme.Withhighschoolnow25yearsinthepast,IcannolongerrememberthemathematicalproblemsandShakespeareanquotesIonceknewsoperfectly.Thelessonsfrommychildhoodhome,however,haveprovedimpossibletoforget.4.Whydidtheauthorwantherdaughtertogotoaprivateschoolatfirst?A.Herdaughterearnedanacademicscholarship.B.Shewantedherdaughtertoreceivethebesteducation.C.Shewantedherdaughtertoskipthewaitinglist.D.Herdaughter’spotentialwaswastedatthepublicprimaryschoo1.5.Theauthorfinallyletherdaughtergotoapublicschoolmainlybecausesherealizedthat______________.A.privateschooldoesn’tguaranteeasolidincomeB.shedidn’twantherdaughtertostruggleinprivateschoolC.howeverhardsheworked,shecouldn’taffordprivateschoolD.publicschoolisthemostbalancedchoiceforherfamily6.Whenthedecisionwasmade,___________.A.theauthor’sdaughterwasdisappointedB.theauthorfeltsorryandguiltyaboutitC.boththeauthorandherdaughterweresatisfiedwiththeresultD.theauthorinspiredherdaughtertobeapositiverolemodelatschool7.Whatisthemainmessagetheauthorintendstoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Familyinfluencesachild’sgrowthmorethanschooleducation.B.Thelessonslearnedduringourchildhoodwillstaywithusforever.C.Italwaystakespeoplealongtimetomakeafightdecision.D.Privateschooleducationisnotasgoodaspeopleexpect.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己一直想让孩子去私立学校接受教育，因为作者相信最好的教育是私立的。但经过深思熟虑后，作者还是让女儿去了家后面的公立学校，因为作者明白了与私立学校教育相比，更多的是家庭教育的塑造影响更多。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Ialwaysassumedmychildrenwouldgotoaprivateschool,likeIdid.Notbecausemyfamilyiswealthy,butbecauseIbelievethatthebesteducationisprivate.(我一直以为我的孩子会像我一样去私立学校。不是因为我的家庭富有，而是因为我相信最好的教育是私立的。)”可知，作者想让女儿接受最好的教育，所以她一开始想让女儿上私立学校。故选B项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第七段中“Andyet,Iknowthatworkingmorehourswillmakemebreakdown.(然而，我知道工作更长时间会让我崩溃。)”和倒数第三段中“AlthoughIwantthebestformydaughter,Ihavemyowndreamstoo.Ican’tsacrificeeverythingformypreciousgirl.IexplainthatIwanttobeapositiverolemodelformydaughter,andanunhappyparentisterriblestrainonafamily.(虽然我想给我的女儿最好的，但我也有自己的梦想。我不能为了我的宝贝女儿牺牲一切。我解释说，我想给女儿树立一个积极的榜样，而不快乐的父母对家庭来说是一种巨大的压力。)”可知，作者最后让女儿上公立学校，主要是因为她意识到公立学校是家庭最平衡的选择。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Mydaughterisgoingtothepublicschoolbehindourhome.Shecouldn’tbemorepleased.(我女儿要去我们家后面的公立学校上学。她再高兴不过了。)”和最后一段中“It’stakenmealittlelonger,butnowI’mcontent.

(虽然花了我一些时间，但现在我很满足了。)”可知，当决定做出后，作者和她的女儿都对结果感到满意。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“

Morethanmyfancyprivateschooleducation,it’smyfamilythatshapedme.Withhighschoolnow25yearsinthepast,IcannolongerrememberthemathematicalproblemsandShakespeareanquotesIonceknewsoperfectly.Thelessonsfrommychildhoodhome,however,haveprovedimpossibletoforget.(不仅仅是我的私立学校教育，更多的是我的家庭塑造了我。高中已经过去了25年，那些曾经熟稔的数学问题和莎士比亚语录，我已经记不住了。然而，我从童年家庭中学到的经验是无法忘记的。)”可知，最后一段作者想要传达家庭比学校教育更能影响孩子的成长。故选A项。CAfterastronautRustySchweickartlookeddownattheEarthfromspaceforthefirsttime,hedescribedasenseofawethathasbecomecommontoalmosteveryspacetravelersince.“Yourealizethatonthatlittleblueandwhitethingthereiseverythingthatmeansanythingtoyou,allhistoryandmusicandpoetryandartanddeathandbirthandlove,allofitonthatlittlespotoutthereyoucancoverwithyourthumb.”Nomatterwhatcountryyou’refrom,youreturnfromspacewithafeelingthatourhomeistiny,fragile,andsomethingweneedtoprotect.AnyonewhoreadsthenewbookGrowthbyoneofmyfavoritethinkerswillcomewithsimilarurgency.Theauthor,Czech-CanadianprofeVaclavSmil,approachesthingsfromascientist’spointofview,buthereachesthesameconclusion:TheEarthisfragileand“beforeitistoolate,weshouldlaunchthemostfundamentaltaskofmakinganyfuturegrowthconsistentwiththelong-termpreservationofcurplanet.”BeforeIgetintohowSmilcametothisconclusion,Ishouldwarnyou.AlthoughGrowthisabrilliantcombinationofeverythingwecanlearnfrompatternsofgrowthinthenaturalandhuman-madeworld,it’snotforeveryone.Longsectionsreadlikeatextbookoranengineeringguidebook.Andithas99pagesofreferences!Thebookcoverseverythingfromagriculturetosteelproductiontosmartphoneuse.Smil’sgoalistoshowthatnomatterwhatfieldyou’retalkingabout,eventuallyyouhitgrowthlimits.AsSmilwrites,“Myaimistoexplainvarietiesofgrowthinevolutionaryandhistoricalperspectivesandtoappreciateboththeaccomplishmentsandthelimitsofgrowthinmodernivilization…”Idon’tagreewithallofhisanalysis.Inparticular,I'mmoreoptimisticthanheisaboutthedegreetowhichtoday’srenewableenergytechnologiescarlbeused,andthepaceatwhichscientistsandengineerswilldevelopnewcleansources.Inmyview,Smilunderestimatesouracceleratingabilitytomodelthephysicalworldusingdigitaltechnologiesequippedwithartificialintelligence.ButI'vealwaysfeltthatSmil’sgreatstrengthisn’tpredictingthefuture,butdocumentingthepast.There’sgreatvalueinthat—youcan’tseewhat’scomingnextifyoudon’tunderstandwhat’scomebefore.Nobodyseesthebigpicturewithaswideanaperture(光圈孔径)asVaclavSmil.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“similarurgency”refertoinparagraph2?A.Toprotectourhomeisdifficult.B.It’stoolatetoprotecttheEarth.C.TheEarthmeanseverythingtous.D.WeneedtoprotectthefragileEarth.9.What’sthewritingstyleofthebookGrowth?A.Causal. B.Academic.C.Humorous. D.Straightforward.10.Howdoesthewriterofthisarticlefeelabouttherenewableenergytechnologies?A.Anxious. B.Objective.C.Optimistic. D.Pessimistic.11.Whatinformationdoesthelastparagraphintendtotellus?A.Smilintendstodocumentthehistory.B.Smilseestheworldfromagreatangle.C.Smilshowsgreatconcernforthefuture.D.Smildescribesapromisingfutureforus.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者推荐了捷克裔加拿大人瓦科拉夫·斯米尔教授的书《增长》，这是一本关于增长的书，解释各种意义上的增长。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Nomatterwhatcountryyou’refrom,youreturnfromspacewithafeelingthatourhomeistiny,fragile,andsomethingweneedtoprotect.(无论你来自哪个国家，你从太空返回时都会感觉到我们的家园既小又脆弱，我们需要保护它。)”和第二段中“TheEarthisfragileand“beforeitistoolate,weshouldlaunchthemostfundamentaltaskofmakinganyfuturegrowthconsistentwiththelong-termpreservationofcurplanet.”(地球是脆弱的，“在一切都太迟之前，我们应该认真着手解决最根本的生存性任务，使未来的任何增长都与对我们唯一拥有的生物圈的长期保护相匹配。”)”由讲述地球很脆弱，需要我们去保护，可知划线的短语“similarurgency(类似的紧急情况)”指的是“我们需要保护脆弱的地球”。故选D项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Longsectionsreadlikeatextbookoranengineeringguidebook.Andithas99pagesofreferences!(长长的章节读起来就像是教科书或工程手册。而且它的参考文献部分有99页！)”可知，《成长》这本书的写作风格是学术型的。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Inparticular,I’mmoreoptimisticthanheisaboutthedegreetowhichtoday’srenewableenergytechnologiescarlbeused,andthepaceatwhichscientistsandengineerswilldevelopnewcleansources.(特别是在如今可再生能源技术的应用程度，以及科学家和工程师开发新式清洁能源的速度上，我比他都更加乐观。)”可知，作者对可再生能源技术持乐观的态度。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There’sgreatvalueinthat—youcan’tseewhat’scomingnextifyoudon’tunderstandwhat’scomebefore.Nobodyseesthebigpicturewithaswideanaperture(光圈孔径)asVaclavSmil.(这是很有价值的——如果你不了解过去发生了什么，你就看不到未来会发生什么。没有人能像瓦科拉夫·斯米尔一样，用如此广博的视角看见全面的情况。)”可知，斯米尔从一个广博的角度看世界。故选B项。DSolvinggreatspacemysteryMonkeyKing,theherointheclassicChinesenovelJourneytotheWest,ismakingheadlinesagain.OnNov30,China’sDarkMatterParticleExplorer(DAMPE,暗物质粒子探测卫星),whichisnamedafterMonkeyKing’sChinesenameWukong,foundmysterioussignalsintheuniversethatmayhelpscientistslearnmoreaboutdarkmatter,accordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency.“Thisisthefirsttimescientistshavefoundsuchdetailedandprecisesignals,”ChangJin,vicedirectorofthePurpleMountainObservatoryoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(中国紫金山天文台),toldXinhua.Darkmatterisatypeofhypothetical(假设的)matterintheuniverse.Scientistsbelievethatitinfluencesthemovementofgalaxies.However,noonehaseverdirectlyobservedit.SwissastronomerFritzZwickyfirstusedtheterm“darkmatter”in1933,whenhespottedsomethingveryunusual.SomegalaxiesthatZwickysawwerespinningsofastthattheyshouldhavescatteredintoallcomersoftheuniverse,buttheydidn’t.Herealizedtheremusthavebeensomethingelsetherethathadastrongenoughgravitationalpulltoholdeverythingtogether.Hecalledit“darkmatter”.Inonesense,darkmatterislikethewind：wecan’tseeit,butweknowit’sthere.Findingoutmoreaboutdarkmattercouldhelpusunderstandhowtheuniversebegan,butbeingabletodosoisn’teasy.Scientistsbelievethatwhentwodarkmatterparticlescrashtogether,theyformnewparticlesandproducehighamountsofenergyandheat.ThisiswhyexplorerslikeWukongaresenttofindsuchparticles.Indeed,“Wu”means“understanding”and“kong”means“void(空的).”ThenicknamesymbolizesthemaingoalofDAMPE’smission,whichistounderstanddarkmatterbetter.Sinceitslaunchin2015,DAMPEhasalreadyrecorded3.5billionhigh-energyparticles,reportedNewsweek.AndaccordingtoScience,thesatellitehasalifespanoffiveyears,whichmeansitstillhasthreemoreyearsto“understandthevoid”.“DAMPEhasopenedanewwindowtorobservingthehigh-energyuniverse,unveilingnewphysicalphenomenabeyondourcurrentunderstanding,”ChangtoldXinhua.12.OnNov30,DAMPE______________.A.wasnamedWukongbyChinesescientistsB.wassuccessfullylaunchedintospaceC.locateddarkmatterintheuniverseforthefirsttimeD.detectedclearsignalsrelatedtodarkmatter13.Accordingtothetext,darkmatter________.A.isaspinninggalaxyB.isatypeofgravitationalpullC.ismadeupofinvisibleparticlesthatholdgalaxiestogetherD.makesmysteriousstarsscatteredintheuniverse14.Accordingtothetextabetterunderstandingofdarkmattercouldhelpscientistsdiscover_____________.AthemovementofgalaxiesB.theoriginoftheuniverseC.howcrasheshappenbetweendarkmatterparticlesD.howtomakeuseofhighenergycausedbycrashes15.WhatcanwelearnaboutDAMPEfromthetext?A.Ithasrecorded35billionhigh-energyparticlessofar.B.Itwillbeabletokeepworkingforanotherfiveyears.C.Itwasmadetoobserveandidentifydarkmatterintheuniverse.D.Itcouldhelppreventdarkmatterparticlescrashingtogether.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.C【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。以猴王的中文名悟空命名的暗物质粒子探测卫星探测到与暗物质有关的清晰信号，为观测高能宇宙和解开太空之谜打开了一扇新的窗口。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“OnNov30,China’sDarkMatterParticleExplorer(DAMPE,

暗物质粒子探测卫星),whichisnamedafterMonkeyKing’sChinesenameWukong,foundmysterioussignalsintheuniversethatmayhelpscientistslearnmoreaboutdarkmatter,accordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency.(据新华社报道，11月30日，以猴王的中文名悟空命名的暗物质粒子探测器在宇宙中发现了神秘信号，可能有助于科学家更多地了解暗物质。)”可知，11月30日，暗物质粒子探测卫星探测到与暗物质有关的清晰信号。故选D项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“

SomegalaxiesthatZwickysawwerespinningsofastthattheyshouldhavescatteredintoallcomersoftheuniverse,buttheydidn’t.Herealizedtheremusthavebeensomethingelsetherethathadastrongenoughgravitationalpulltoholdeverythingtogether.(兹威基看到的一些星系旋转得非常快，它们本应该分散到宇宙的各个角落，但它们没有。他意识到那里一定有别的什么东西有足够强大的引力把所有的东西拉在一起。)”和第五段“Inonesense,darkmatterislikethewind：wecan’tseeit,butweknowit’sthere.(从某种意义上说，暗物质就像风：我们看不到它，但我们知道它的存在。)”以及第六段中“Scientistsbelievethatwhentwodarkmatterparticlescrashtogether,theyformnewparticlesandproducehighamountsofenergyandheat.(科学家们认为，当两个暗物质粒子碰撞在一起时，它们会形成新的粒子，并产生大量的能量和热量。)”可知，暗物质是由不可见的粒子组成的，它们将星系维系在一起。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中“Findingoutmoreaboutdarkmattercouldhelpusunderstandhowtheuniversebegan,butbeingabletodosoisn’teasy.

(了解更多关于暗物质的信息可以帮助我们理解宇宙是如何形成的，但要做到这一点并不容易。)”可知，更好地了解暗物质可以帮助科学家发现宇宙的起源。故选B项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“OnNov30,China’sDarkMatterParticleExplorer(DAMPE,

暗物质粒子探测卫星),whichisnamedafterMonkeyKing’sChinesenameWukong,foundmysterioussignalsintheuniversethatmayhelpscientistslearnmoreaboutdarkmatter,accordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency.(据新华社报道，11月30日，以猴王的中文名悟空命名的暗物质粒子探测器在宇宙中发现了神秘信号，可能有助于科学家更多地了解暗物质。)”和倒数第二段中“ThenicknamesymbolizesthemaingoalofDAMPE’smission,whichistounderstanddarkmatterbetter.(这个昵称象征着暗物质粒子探测卫星任务的主要目标，即更好地了解暗物质。)”可知，暗物质粒子探测卫星是用来观察和识别宇宙中的暗物质的。故选C项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everystudentpreferstogethighscoresintheirexams.Buthowcanyoueffectivelyimproveyourmemoryandperformwellinyourexam?Trythefollowingmethods.●TrytheMemoryForexample,ifyouwanttomemorizesomeEnglishwords,youmightstore“furniture,television.”inyourlivingroomand“fridge,cooker...”inthekitchen.____16____Throughthisway,youcanmemorizethesewordseasily.●Createyourownsongs.Thismethodhasbeenproveninseveralstudiesasawayofsendinginformationtomemory.Youcanuseyourfavoritesongstorecreatenewsongswithinformationyouneedtoremember.____17____●Takesomedeepbreaths.____18____Ifyouarestressedyouwillhaveamoredifficulttimerecallinginformationduringanexam.Youshouldputsomeenergyintode-stressingbut“turningof”stressiseasiersaidthandone.That’swhyscientistsrecommendpracticeteststoyou.Practicetestsarenotonlyascientificallysupportedmeansofimprovingmemoryrecallbuttheystanduptostressfulsituations.●____19____Ifyouarefeelingdistracteddosomeexercise.Studiesshowthatthosewhohaveexercisedfor15minutesandthencompleteamemorytask,completetasksfasterthanthosewhohaven’texercised.Evenasimplewalkcanmakeadifference.Therearesomanysuggestedmethodsforyou.____20____Ifyouknowthatstudyingaloneworksbestforyou,gotoself-studyroomoftenwhenyoufinishyourclassesatschool.A.Rereadyournotes.B.Tryaminiworkout.C.Weknowexamsarestressful.D.Skipoutallthepracticetestsonpurpose.E.Youneedtothinkaboutthewaythatsuitsyoubest.F.Themoreinterestingyoumakethem,thebettertheresultwillbe.G.Thenyoucanmentallytravelthroughyourhousetorecalleachword.【答案】16.G17.F18.C19.B20.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍如何更高效地准备考试和避免考试紧张的几点建议。【16题详解】根据上文中提到“你可以把家具，电视储存在客厅，把冰箱，炊具等储存在厨房。”，这样你随时都可以见到，随时想起。所以可推测出“然后你可以从一个房间到另一个房间时回忆这些单词”最符合题意，故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“你可以使用喜爱的歌曲和需要记忆的信息再创作新歌”，可推测出“你创作的歌曲越有趣，结果就越好。”符合题意。上下两句中有recreatenewsongs这个相同的关键词。故选F。【18题详解】根据下文“假如你有压力，在考试期间就很难恢复记忆。”可知，“我们都知道考试是有压力的”最适合做该段的主旨句，故选C。【19题详解】根据本段内容与运动有关可知，段中说“假如你感到注意力不能集中，做点运动。研究表明那些先做15分钟运动再完成一项记忆任务的人比那些没有做运动就去完成记忆任务的人速度更快。”也就是稍微运动一下，记忆力更好。所以，“试试迷你锻炼”是最佳标题。故选B。【20题详解】根据上文内容“有很多种提供复习方法的建议。”可知，提供复习方法的建议太多，所以需要进行选择。故“你需要思考选择什么方法最适合你”最符合题意,故选E。【点睛】在做七选五题的过程中，应首先略读一下短文，了解一下短文的大致意思，然后把几个选项含义理解透，尤其注意意思相近，表达有交叉的选项之间的区别。然后再细读短文，把答案填入合适位置。答题时可以把含义相近的几个选项轮流填入同一处位置，反复阅读，反复体会，找出最佳选项，对于实在没有把握的小题可以最后完成。完成短文后，再认真通读一遍全文，看看上下语意是否通顺，是否符合逻辑关系。例如第4小题。根据本段内容与运动有关可知，段中说“假如你感到注意力不能集中，做点运动。研究表明那些先做15分钟运动再完成一项记忆任务的人比那些没有做运动就去完成记忆任务的人速度更快。”也就是稍微运动一下，记忆力更好。所以，“试试迷你锻炼”是最佳标题。而可以把同样可以做标题的A.Rereadyournotes.(重读你的笔记)与B.Tryaminiworkout.进行对比，明显不符合段落大意。故选B。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。InJanuarythisyear,afiredestroyedthebuildingthathousedYossiHeiman’sFishMarketinBoroughPark,Brooklyn:The___21___madeYossiHeimanhavenoplacetooperatehisbusinessandnoabilitytoget___22___.ThemerchantSheaLangsamownsa(n)___23___store,justfewblocksaway.Onewouldhavethoughtthatsympatheticashemaybetohiscompetitor’sbadluck,hewouldwelcomethisopportunityto___24___newcustomersandincreasehisbusiness.___25___Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.Whenhelearnedofthefire,he___26___thephoneandcalledYossiHeiman.Notonlydidhe___27___himbutwhenheheardYossisayhewouldneedafacilityanddeliver___28___tohiscustomers,hesaid,“Don’tworry!Whynot___29___meinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt?Asfellowcommunitymembersweallshouldtrytohelpeachother.”SheadidashepromisedandYossi____30____hislosses.Thestoryiswonderfulandit’sa(n)____31____ofseeingfellowcommunitymembersaspartofonefamily,puttingneedsofothers____32____theirownneeds.Businessmenusuallywanttomakemoremoneyorgrowtheir____33____butthestoryis____34____:It’satrulysinceredisplayoftruefaithandgreatkindness.Realfaithmeans____35____othersandhavingaheartofsympathyandmercylikeShea.21.A.explosion B.battle C.accident D.campaign22.A.attention B.assistance C.information D.income23.A.similar B.mysterious C.online D.outdoor24.A.treat B.acquire C.dependon D.giveup25.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Instead D.Though26.A.pickedup B.hungup C.repaired D.provided27.A.doubt B.comfort C.turnto D.1aughat28.A.service B.spirit C.orders D.notes29.A.replace B.attend C.enable D.join30.A.maintained B.recovered C.reported D.cut31.A.example B.reminder C.challenge D.guide32.A.becauseof B.aheadof C.outof D.inspiteof33.A.duty B.fame C.interest D.business34.A.exceptional B.boring C.ridiculous D.old35.A.losingtrackof B.settlingfor C.caringfor D.calmingdown【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.B25.C26.A27.B28.C29.D30.D31.A32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位商人谢伊·兰萨姆在邻家约西·海曼的商铺遭受火灾后没有落井下石、趁机抢占市场和客户，反而热心帮助竞争对手渡过难关。这个故事真实地展示了真正的信念和伟大的仁慈。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场事故让约西·海曼没有地方经营自己的生意，也没有能力获得收入。A.explosion爆炸；B.battle战役；C.accident事故；D.campaign运动，活动。根据“afire”和“havenoplacetooperatehisbusiness”可知这是一场事故。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场事故让约西·海曼没有地方经营自己的生意，也没有能力获得收入。A.attention注意；B.assistance帮助；C.information信息；D.income收入。根据“havenoplacetooperatehisbusiness”和常识可知约西·海曼没有地方经营自己的生意，也就没有收入。故选D。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：商人谢伊·兰萨姆也有一家类似的商店，就在几个街区之外。A.similar相似的；B.mysterious神秘的；C.online在线的；D.outdoor户外的。根据下文“hiscompetitor’sbadluck”可知谢伊·兰萨姆和约西·海曼是竞争对手，所以他们经营的是类似的生意。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义和动词短语辨析。句意：人们可能会认为，尽管他对竞争对手的坏运气表示同情，但他会抓住这个机会来获得新客户，并增加他的业务。A.treat对待；B.acquire获得；C.dependon依靠，取决于；D.giveup放弃。根据“andincreasehisbusiness”可知虽然谢伊·兰萨姆可能会同情约西·海曼的不幸遭遇，但是他完全可以抓住这次机会获得更多的顾客。故选B。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而谢伊却做了一件非常出色的事。A.Moreover此外；B.Therefore因此；C.Instead相反，却；D.Though即使。根据“didsomethingtrulyexcellent”和前文讲到，人们一般会认为，谢伊会趁此机会抢夺客户和市场，但是他做了一件确实很出色的事情。可知，前后文之间为转折关系。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意：当他得知火灾的消息后，他拿起电话打给了约西·海曼。A.pickedup拿起，接送某人；B.hungup挂断电话；C.repaired修理；D.provided提供。根据“andcalledYossiHeiman”可知谢伊拿起电话，给约西·海曼打了一个电话。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不仅安慰了他，而且当他听到约西说他需要一个场所来经营自己的生意和给客户送货时，他说：“别担心!为什么不在你的商铺重建之前和我一起去我的店做呢？作为社区的成员，我们都应该互相帮助。”A.doubt怀疑；B.comfort安慰；C.turnto求助于，转向，改用；D.laughat嘲笑。根据下文“Don’tworry!Whynot9meinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt?”可知谢伊给约西·海曼打电话，不仅安慰了他，还主动提出要给予约西帮助。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不仅安慰了他，而且当他听到约西说他需要一个场所来经营自己的生意和给客户送货时，他说：“别担心!为什么不在你的商铺重建之前和我一起去我的店做呢？作为社区的成员，我们都应该互相帮助。”A.service服务；B.spirit精神；C.orders订单，订货；D.notes笔记。根据“hiscustomers”可知约西·海曼需要一个场所来经营自己的生意和给客户送预定的货。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不仅安慰了他，而且当他听到约西说他需要一个场所来经营自己的生意和给客户送货时，他说：“别担心!为什么不在你的商铺重建之前和我一起去我的店做呢？作为社区的成员，我们都应该互相帮助。”A.replace取代，代替；B.attend出席；C.enable使能够；D.join参加。根据下文“Asfellowcommunitymembersweallshouldtrytohelpeachother.”可知谢伊·兰萨姆让约西·海曼在其商铺重建之前去他的店里继续经营生意，joinsb“和某人一起”。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：谢伊照他承诺的做了，约西也减少了他的损失。A.maintained维持；B.recovered恢复，重新获得；C.reported报道；D.cut削减。根据“Sheadidashepromised”可知谢伊·兰萨姆让约西·海曼在其商铺重建之前去他的店里继续经营生意，因此约西·海曼可以减少很多损失。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个故事很精彩，它是一个将社区成员视为家庭成员的例子，将他人的需要置于自己的需要之上。A.example榜样，例子；B.reminder暗示，起提醒作用的东西；C.challenge挑战；D.guide指南，向导。根据“seeingfellowcommunitymembersaspartofonefamily”可知这个故事是一个将社区成员视为一个大家庭的一部分的很好的例子。故选A。【32题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：这个故事很精彩，它是一个将社区成员视为家庭成员的例子，将他人的需要置于自己的需要之上。A.becauseof因为，由于；B.aheadof早先，在…之前；C.outof由于，来自，缺乏；D.inspiteof尽管，不顾。根据上文“5Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.”和“Don’tworry!Whynot9meinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt?”可知谢伊·兰萨姆没有借此机会抢走客户，反而帮助了约西·海曼。这是把别人的需要放在自己的需要前面。故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：商人们通常都想赚更多的钱或扩大他们的生意规模，但这个故事是罕见的：它真实地展示了真正的信仰和伟大的仁慈。A.duty责任；B.fame名声，名望；C.interest兴趣，利益；D.business商业，交易。根据“Businessmenusuallywanttomakemoremoney”和常识，可知商人通常都想要赚更多的钱，扩大自己的生意规模。故选D。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：商人们通常都想赚更多的钱或扩大他们的生意规模，但这个故事是罕见的：它真实地展示了真正的信仰和伟大的仁慈。A.exceptional罕见的，异常的，例外的；B.boring无聊的；C.ridiculous可笑的，荒谬的；D.old老的，旧的。根据“but”和下文“It’satrulysinceredisplayo