2026版创新设计高考总复习英语(外研版)-必修第三册　Unit 2　Making a difference

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．internaladj.内部的2．fountainn．喷水池3．foundationn．基金会4．missionn．职责；使命5．territoryn．地区，地方6．institutionn．机构，团体7．registrationn．登记，注册8．Jewishadj.犹太人的，犹太教的9．militaryn．军队10．certificaten．证明书，证书11．ministryn．(政府的)部Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．fundv．为……提供资金，资助n．基金2．recyclev．再利用，回收利用3．insightn．顿悟，猛醒4．realityn．真实，现实5．diseasen．疾病，病6．cancern．癌症7．royaladj.王室的，皇家的8．confirmationn．证实，证明9．aidv．帮助，援助10．chiefadj.最高级别的，首席的11．obtainv．获得，得到12．drugn．药物，药材13．furtheradj.更多的，附加的Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．contributionn．贡献→contributev．贡献；捐助；投稿2．reliefn．减轻，缓解→relievev．减轻，缓解3．shortagen．短缺，不足，缺乏→shortadj.短的；缺少的→shortenv．(使)变短4．effectiveadj.有效的，产生预期效果的→effectn．效果5．earnv．挣(钱)→earningsn．收入6．donatev．捐赠，捐献→donationn．捐献→donorn．捐赠者7．perseverancen．不屈不挠，坚持不懈→perseverevi.坚持；孜孜以求8．extendv．持续；延伸；扩展→extensiveadj.广阔的；广泛的→extensionn．扩大；延伸9．disabilityn．残疾，残障→disabledadj.残疾的→ableadj.有能力的→abilityn．能力→enablevt.使能够；使成为可能10．sensitiveadj.敏感的，容易生气的→sensen．感官；感觉；理解力→sensibleadj.明智的；合理的11．generousadj.慷慨的，大方的→generosityn．慷慨，大方12．hesitatev．迟疑，犹豫→hesitationn．迟疑，犹豫13．assistancen．帮助，援助→assistv．帮助，援助→assistantn．助理；助手14．temporaryadj.短期的，短暂的；临时的→temporarilyadv.短期地，短暂地；临时地15．achievementn．成绩，成就→achievev．实现16．majoradj.重要的，主要的vi.主修n．主修课程→majorityn．大多数17．treatmentn．治疗；疗法→treatv．治疗；对待1．divorce/dI'vɔːs/vi.&vt.离婚；判(某人)离婚；使分离n．离婚；分离2．correlate/'kɒrəleIt/vi.&vt.使相互关联n．相关的事物3．incorporate/In'kɔːpəreIt/vt.将……包括在内；包含4．filter/'fIltə(r)/vi.渗入；透过；缓行vt.过滤；筛选n．过滤器；过滤程序filteroutsth滤除；滤掉5．exhausted/Iɡ'zɔːstId/adj.筋疲力尽的；枯竭的6．impulse/'Impʌls/n．冲动；心血来潮；脉冲；动机7．whatsoever/ˌwɒtsəʊ'evə(r)/adv.丝毫(不)；一点也(不)8．spontaneous/spɒn'teIniəs/adj.自发的；自然而生的9．earnest/'ɜːnIst/adj.非常认真的；真诚的inearnest(更加)严肃地；认真地；坚定地10．phoney(NAmEphony)/'fəʊni/adj.假的；冒充的；欺骗的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．breakintoasmile突然笑起来2．risetoone’sfeet站起身来3．lookacross眺望4．earnmoney赚钱，挣钱5．turnout出席；结果是，证明是；生产，制造6．makeadifference起作用，产生影响7．setup建立8．benefitfrom从……中受益9．comeupwith想出；提出10．transport...tosafety把……送到安全的地方11．keeprecordsof记录12．takein接收；收留；理解；欺骗；吸收；包括13．atonepoint一度；在某一时刻14．bring...toone’sattention使……被某人注意15．passaway去世Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Asasix-year-oldCanadianschoolboy，RyanhadtroublebelievingthewordsspokenbyhisteacherthatmanypeopleindevelopingAfricancountriescouldn’tgetenoughcleanwater.(havetroubledoing)作为一名六岁的加拿大小学生，瑞安难以相信他的老师所说的话：许多非洲发展中国家的人都喝不到足够的干净的水。2．Andwhyisthewatersodirtythatitmakesthemsick？(so...that...)为什么水那么脏，以至于让他们生病？3．Whattheyneededwasawelldugneartheirhomes.(what引导主语从句)他们需要的是一口在他们家附近挖的井。4．Afterseveralmonths，Ryanhadraisedthe$2,000，withwhichawellwasbuiltnearaprimaryschoolinUganda.(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)几个月后，瑞安筹集了2000美元，用这些钱在乌干达的一所小学附近建造了一口井。5．Theseareamongthe669children，mostofthemJewish，thatNicholasWintonwillgoontosavefromdeathatthehandsoftheNazis.(独立主格结构)这些孩子大都是犹太人，他们是尼古拉斯·温顿即将从纳粹手里解救的669名儿童中的一部分。6．Onleavingschool，WintonworkedinbanksinGermanyandFrance.(ondoing...)一毕业，温顿就先后在德国和法国的银行工作。7．AstheChinesesayinggoes，“Akind-heartedpersonlivesalonglife.”(as引导定语从句)正如中国谚语所说的，“仁者寿。”Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共7分)1．internaladj.内部的2．fountainn．喷水池3．registrationn．登记，注册4．foundationn．基金会5．missionn．职责；使命6．institutionn．机构，团体7．militaryn．军队Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共12分)1．diseasen．疾病，病2．recyclev．再利用，回收利用3．insightn．顿悟，猛醒4．realityn．真实，现实5．cancern．癌症6．confirmationn．证实，证明7．fundv．为……提供资金，资助n．基金8．furtheradj.更多的，附加的9．drugn．药物，药材10．obtainv．获得，得到11．aidv．帮助，援助12．chiefadj.最高级别的，首席的Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共16分)1．shortagen．短缺，不足，缺乏→shortadj.短的；缺少的2．effectiveadj.有效的，产生预期效果的→effectn．效果3．donatev．捐赠，捐献→donationn．捐献→donorn．捐赠者4．perseverancen．不屈不挠，坚持不懈→perseverevi.坚持；孜孜以求5．disabilityn．残疾，残障→disabledadj.残疾的→ableadj.有能力的→abilityn．能力→enablevt.使能够；使成为可能6．sensitiveadj.敏感的，容易生气的→sensen．感官；感觉；理解力→sensibleadj.明智的；合理的7．temporaryadj.短期的，短暂的；临时的→temporarilyadv.短期地，短暂地；临时地8．majoradj.重要的，主要的vi.主修n．主修课程→majorityn．大多数Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)1．divorcevi.&vt.离婚；判(某人)离婚；使分离n．离婚；分离2．exhaustedadj.筋疲力尽的；枯竭的3．whatsoeveradv.丝毫(不)；一点也(不)4．spontaneousadj.自发的；自然而生的5．earnestadj.非常认真的；真诚的Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共16分)1．lookacross眺望2．atonepoint一度；在某一时刻3．keeprecordsof记录4．takein接收；收留；理解；欺骗5．turnout出席；结果是，证明是；生产，制造6．bring...toone’sattention使……被某人注意7．passaway去世8．comeupwith想出；提出Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分)1．MyforeignteacheroftenassistsstudentsinlearningEnglishandgivesassistancetoanyoneinneed.Iplantobeanassistantofhimnextyear.(assist)2．Althoughhehaddisabilities，hesucceededinachievinghisdreamsandwecelebratedtheachievementshehadmade.(achieve)3．Thewriterpersonallycontributed￡3,000totheearthquakefundlastweekandallhiscontributionsweregratefullyreceived.(contribute)4．Tomyrelief，whattheteacherdoesrelievesourstressinthestudy.(relief)5．Theman’saimistoearnmoremoneyanddonatehisearningstothelocalfoundation.(earn)6．Shewassogeneroustothepeopleinneedofhelpandhergenerosityinspiredmorepeopletohelpothers.(generous)7．Themanwillhelpyouwithouthesitation.Therefore，whenyouareintrouble，don’thesitatetoturntohimforhelp.(hesitate)Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)eq\x(breakintoasmile，risetoone'sfeet，makeadifference，setup，benefitfrom)1．Davidrosetohisfeetandcontinuedhisrunning，showingnosignofgivingup.2．Localgovernmentsetupsomenaturereservesindefenceofanimalsclosetoextinction.3．Surprisingly，seeinghismothersteppingtowardshim，thesix-month-oldbabybrokeintoasmile.4．Keepinmindthatasmallactofkindnesssometimescanmakeadifferencetoothers.5．Pleasejointheprogramandyouwillbenefitalotfromitespeciallyyourreadingability.Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)1．让老师最生气的是这个学生频繁地对他撒谎。(what引导主语从句)Whatannoyedtheteachermostwasthatthisstudentfrequentlyliedtohim.2．(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)她是一位如此热心且富有奉献精神的老师，以至于赢得了普遍赞扬。(so...that...)Sheissowarm-heartedanddedicatedateacherthatshehaswongeneralpraise.3．随着体育场的建成，各种各样的体育赛事将在此举行，其中乒乓球、足球和跑步比赛非常受欢迎。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)Withthestadiumsetup，awiderangeofsportseventswillbeheldhere，ofwhichping-pong，footballaswellasrunningcompetitionsenjoygreatpopularity.4．正如一句谚语所说，“不到长城非好汉。”(as引导定语从句)Justasasayinggoes，“HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.”5．那时她意识到她无法起身，呼吸困难。(havetroubledoing)Thensherealizedthatshecouldnotgetup，andthatshewashavingtroublebreathing.LiHualivedinacity1.which/thatsufferedfromwatershortageforalongtime.Thegovernmentwantedtofindsomeeffectivemeasures2.tosolve(solve)theproblem.Therefore，somewater-savingfoundations3.wereestablished(establish)，whosechiefmissionwastolaunchsomewell-diggingprogrammes.Tomakecontributionstothereliefofthewatershortage，manycitizensweregeneroustodonatemoneytothe4.related(relate)institutions.LiHua，oneofthe5.donors(donor)，donatedthemoneyheearnedfromhispart-timejobs，andbecameoneofthevolunteerstoappeal6.tomorepeoplehowtosavewater.Theyalso7.taught(teach)peoplehowtostoreandrecyclewater.Withtheir8.assistance(assist)，thegovernment’sworkturnedouttobeeffective.9.Whattheydidbenefitedmanypeople，making10.agreatdifference.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇reliefn．(痛苦或忧虑等的)减轻或消除；宽慰，轻松(relievev．减轻，缓解；解除relievedadj.感到宽慰的，放心的)·in/withrelief欣慰地，释然地toone’srelief(＝tothereliefofsb)令某人欣慰的是whatarelief总算松了一口气；终于解脱了·relievesbof...帮助某人减轻(负担)；解除某人的职务(1)Whatarelief！Iamnotdiagnosedwiththeseriousdisease.(2)Hearingthathehadpassedthefinalexam，hesighedin/withreliefandbrokeintoasmile.(3)使我们感到欣慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到了家，虽然很累，但很健康。Toourrelief，themissingchildreturnedhometendayslater，tiredbuthealthy.(4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我哽咽着说：“是你的慷慨帮助和及时指导减轻了我沉重的压力。”Ichokedout，“Itisyourgenerousassistanceandtimelyguidancethathasrelievedmeoftheheavypressure/thathasrelievedmyheavypressure.”effectiveadj.有效的，产生预期效果的；生效的(effectn．结果；效力；影响；作用)haveaneffecton/upon对……有效；对……有影响come/gointoeffect生效；开始实施takeeffect生效；奏效bring/oeffect实施；实行；使……生效ineffect实际上；在实施中，有效sideeffect副作用(1)Favorablepoliciesareineffecttoencourageemployees’professionaldevelopment.(2)(话题写作之茶文化)我介绍了制茶的历史，这对他们更好地理解我们的饮茶文化有很大的影响。Iintroducedthehistoryoftea-making，whichhadagreateffecton/upontheirbetterunderstandingofourtea-drinkingculture.(3)(2023·北京，书面表达)事实上，一旦上述有效措施生效，绿色北京将在不久的将来成为现实。Ineffect，oncetheaboveeffectivemeasurescome/gointoeffect/takeeffect/arebrought/putintoeffect，agreenBeijingwillbecomearealityinthenearfuture.hesitatev．犹豫，迟疑不决；顾虑，疑虑(hesitationn.犹豫；迟疑)·hesitateabout/over(doing)．..对(做)……感到犹豫hesitatetodosth迟疑做某事，对做某事有顾虑·withouthesitation毫不犹豫地havenohesitationindoingsth毫不犹豫地做某事(应用文写作之建议信)无论你何时有麻烦，我都会毫不犹豫地帮你一把。Wheneveryouareintrouble，Iwillnothesitateabouthelpingyouout/Iwillnothesitatetohelpyouout/Iwillhelpyououtwithouthesitation/Iwillhavenohesitationinhelpingyouout.majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的vi.主修，专门研究n．主修课程；主修学生(majorityn．大部分；大多数)·majorin主修……·a/themajorityof大多数ina/themajority占大多数(1)Muchtomyrelief，studentssupportingmeareinthemajority，enablingmetobeelectedasthechairmanoftheStudentCouncil.(2)(应用文写作之申请信)作为一名主修英语的毕业生，我很高兴能申请这个职位。作为一名英语专业的学生，我不仅能流利地说英语，还可以帮助你处理各种事务。AsagraduatemajoringinEnglish，Ifeelexcitedtoapplyfortheposition.Being/AsanEnglishmajor，notonlycanIspeakEnglishfluentlybutIalsocanaidyoutohandlevariousmatters.(3)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)有些人中途放弃了，但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。Somepeoplegaveuphalfway，butthemajorityoftheparticipantsmadeittothefinishingline.breakintoasmile突然笑起来breakinto(及物)闯入；突然……起来breakin(不及物)破门而入，闯入；(onsth)打断；插嘴breakaway(from)离开；脱离breakdown使分解；(机器)损坏，出故障；(谈判)失败；(身体)垮掉；消除；打破(障碍、偏见等)breakout爆发breakup粉碎；结束；解散；拆散；分手breakthrough取得突破；克服用break短语的正确形式填空(1)Thescientistbrokethroughinhisresearchandheclappedhishands，breakingintoasmile.(2)Aterriblequarrelbrokeoutbetweentheguyandhisparentsandnothingcouldbreakdownhisinneranger，sotheguystormedoutofthehouse，determiningonbreakingawayfromhisfamily.(3)Theinstantthesingerfinishedsingingafamoussong，alltheaudiencerosetotheirfeetandbrokeintothunderousapplause.(4)Shockedandconcerned，Ilearntthattheybrokeup，wonderingwhethertheycouldbecomefriendsagain.(5)Wearrivedhomeearlyonlytofindathieftryingtobreakin.独立主格结构Theseareamongthe669children，mostofthemJewish，thatNicholasWintonwillgoontosavefromdeathatthehandsoftheNazis.这些孩子大都是犹太人，他们是尼古拉斯·温顿即将从纳粹手里解救的669名儿童中的一部分。·独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。·独立主格结构的常用形式：n./pron.＋v.-ing/v.-ed/todo/adj./adv./n./prep.(1)(读后续写之心理描写)我紧张地看着爸爸，双腿颤抖着，心狂跳着。Ilookedatmyfathernervously，mylegstremblingandmyheartbeatingwildly.(2)(2021·浙江6月，应用文写作)学生国画作品展上展览了许多好作品，我坚信每个人都会因为这次活动对中国传统文化有更深的理解。Manywonderfulworksshown/exhibitedontheStudents’ChinesePaintingExhibition，IfirmlybelievethateveryonewillhaveadeeperunderstandingoftraditionalChineseculturethroughthisevent.(3)(读后续写之情绪描写)期末考试不及格，小女孩慢腾腾地走进客厅，羞愧得满脸通红。Havingfailedintheend-of-termexamination，thelittlegirldraggedherfeetintothesittingroom，herfaceredwithextremeshame.(4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)Withthewritingcontestover，Ialmostforgotit，notcaringaboutwhetherIwouldwinornot.＝Thewritingcontestover，Ialmostforgotit，notcaringaboutwhetherIwouldwinornot.(用独立主格结构改写)on/upondoing...Onleavingschool，WintonworkedinbanksinGermanyandFrance.一毕业，温顿就先后在德国和法国的银行工作。on/upon＋n./doingsth表示“一……就……”，相当于assoonas引导的时间状语从句。(1)Inreality，onhisarrival(arrive)inParis，hewascaughtbysomepolicemenatonce.(2)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)一听说伯纳德陷入困境，约翰立即致力于通过做爆米花帮助他。Upon/OnlearningthatBernardwascaughtindifficulty，Johnwasimmediatelycommittedtohelpinghimbymakingpopcorn.(3)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)我的头一从大南瓜里被拔出来，我就松了一口气。①Theinstant/Themoment/Assoonasmyheadhadbeenpulledoutofthehugepumpkin，Isighedinrelief.②Hardly/ScarcelyhadmyheadbeenpulledoutofthehugepumpkinwhenIsighedinrelief.(倒装句)用法点拨(1)表示“一……就……”的还有：themoment/theinstant/theminute＋从句，immediately/instantly/directly/once＋从句，hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...等。(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...和nosooner...than...中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。当hardly，scarcely，nosooner放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．takeineq\x(A.吸收，摄入B.收留C.理解D.欺骗E.包含，包括)(1)Thisisthetotalcostofyourtrip，takingeverythingin.E(2)Tobefrank，shejustcan’ttakeinwhattheteacherissaying.C(3)MyheartsankwhenIknewtheoldladywashomeless，soItookherin.B(4)Don’tbetakeninbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.D(5)Treestakeincarbondioxideandgiveoutoxygen.A2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思(1)Shehasafundofknowledgeaboutmodernjazzandthereforeyoucanturntoherforhelp.n.(相当的)数量，储备(2)Noonecandenythefactthattourismisthefountainofwealthforthecity.n.基础(3)Thisisamagazinewithcontributionsfromwell-knowntravelwriters.n.稿件，作品(4)(2022·新课标Ⅰ)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected，bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.vt.提供，给予Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Youcan’timagineitwasthebeggarwhocameupwiththegoodideatoensureyoursafety!2．Theyrushedoutwithconcerninstantly(instant)theyheardtheshoutforhelp.3．Themillionairedecidedtosetupanfoundationtohelpthoseintroubleout.4．Withtheaidofthekindneighbour，weresolvedtheproblematlast.5．Tobefrank，Ididn’tknowthespecificstepsinthetreatment(treat)forburnsandsoanxiouswasIthattearswelledupinmyeyes.6.Apartfromsnakes，fishisalsoacold-bloodedanimalandisquitesensitivetowatertemperature.7．OurEnglishteachertelling(tell)ususefullearningstrategies，wehavegreatlyimprovedourgrades.8．Ashortage(short)oftimecausedmyfailure，whichmademequiteannoyed.9．Whatletmedownwasthathedidn’tputforwardanyeffective(effect)measures.10．Muchtomyrelief(relieve)，hedidn’tfindfaultwithmeanylonger.假设你是李华，上周末去学校周边某社区参加了志愿者活动。请给你校官网英文专栏写一篇报道，要点包括：1.活动概况；2.感悟与收获。完成句子1．上周末，我们去学校附近的一个社区做了一些志愿者工作，这对整个社区产生了很大的影响。(makeadifference；定语从句)2．早上一到那里，我们就受到了大家的热烈欢迎。(upondoing)3．我们中的一些人去了社区养老院，那些主修音乐的学生给老人们唱了优美的歌曲。(majorin；定语从句)4．老人们是如此高兴，他们笑了起来。(breakintoasmile；倒装句)5．街道被打扫干净，垃圾被收集起来，整个社区焕然一新。(独立主格)组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。参考范文ManyHandsMakeLightWorkLastweekendwewenttoacommunitynearourschooltodosomevolunteerwork，whichmadeagreatdifferencetothewholecommunity.Upongettingthereinthemorning，wewerewarmlywelcomedbyeverybody.Soonwegotdowntowork.Someofuswenttothecommunitynursinghomeandthosewhomajorinmusicsangsweetsongstotheelderly.Sodelightedweretheelderlythattheybrokeintoasmile.Theothersjoinedthelocalstocleanupthecommunity.Afteraboutonehour，thestreetscleanedandrubbishcollected，thewholecommunitytookonanewlook.Theactivitydidnotlastlong，butwelearnedalot.Byjoiningourhands，wecanachievebigthingsandmaketheworldabetterplace.教材语料整合亮词[情感描写]relief；breakintoasmile；sensitive[动作描写]risetoone’sfeet；extend；assistance；aid；obtain[人物描写]generous；hesitate；insight；perseverance美句1.Healsosawhundredsofdelightedstudentswhohadturnedouttowelcomehim.Theysanganddancedhappily.(情感描写)2．AtfirstRyanwasnervous，butsoonagreatwarmthfilledhim.Hereallyhadmadeadifferenceforthesechildren.Hebrokeintoajoyfulsmile.(情感描写)3．Theirheartbrokenparentsdonotjointhem.Indeed，theyfeartheymayneverseetheirchildrenagain.(情感描写)拓展语料积累情感细节描写：惊讶(一)单词open-mouthedadj.惊愕得张大嘴的；目瞪口呆的surprise/amaze/astonishvt.使吃惊，使惊讶→surprised/amazed/astonishedadj.吃惊的，惊讶的→surprising/amazing/astonishingadj.令人吃惊的→surprise/amazement/astonishmentn．惊讶shockvt.使震惊n．震惊→shockingadj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.震惊的词块muchtoone’sshock/astonishment/surprise/amazement令某人很震惊/吃惊/惊讶/惊奇的是indisbelief难以置信地comeasashocktosb让某人震惊alookofsurprisespreadsover/flashesacrossone’sface脸上出现/掠过惊讶的表情havealookofsurpriseonone’sface某人脸上露出惊讶的表情eyeswideninsurprise/astonishment惊讶地睁大眼睛stare/lookatsbwithwideeyes目瞪口呆地看着某人one’smouthdrops/hangsopeninsurprise惊讶地张大嘴句型ItgavemeashockwhenIrealized...当我意识到……，我感到震惊。Hefroze，hismouthhangingopeninsurprise.(独立主格)他僵住了，惊讶地张着嘴。Ijumpedtomyfeetindisbeliefandsteppedbackinnotime.我难以置信地跳了起来，立刻后退了一步。Ifrozewithshock，asifrootedtotheground.(状语从句的省略)我震惊得僵住了，仿佛在地上扎了根。Igotfirstprizeinthewritingcompetition，withasparkofsurpriseflashingacrossmyface.(with的复合结构)我在写作比赛中得了第一名，脸上闪过一丝惊喜。Staringathimwithwideeyes，Ihardlybelievedwhathehaddone.(现在分词短语作状语)我目瞪口呆地看着他，简直不敢相信他所做的一切。Astonishedandexcited，Igotpraiseinfrontofmyclassmates.(形容词短语作状语)我既惊讶又兴奋，在同学面前得到了表扬。语料运用乐于助人Muchtopeople’sshock，atornadooccurredinasmalltownnearby.Atthebadnews，Maryfrozewithshock，①asifrootedtotheground(状语从句的省略)．Marysharedthenewswithherchildren，andaskediftheywouldliketosharewhattheyhadwiththelessfortunate.Toherrelief，allthechildrendidn’thesitatetodonatesomethingandhermouth②hungopeninsurprise.Anne’sbrothersawAnneplaceherfavoritetoyinthebox，③withasparkofsurpriseflashingacrosshisface(with的复合结构)．④Staringatherwithwideeyes(现在分词短语作状语)，hethenrosetohisfeet，wentbacktohisroomandranbackwithhisfavoritetoytothelivingroom.⑤Astonishedandexcited(形容词短语作状语)，Marysawwhatherchildrenweredoingindisbelief.Mary⑥brokeintoasmile，thinking，“⑦Howgenerousmychildrenare(感叹句)！Theyarewillingtogotoothers’assistance.”令人震惊的是，附近的一个小镇发生了龙卷风。听到这个坏消息，玛丽吓得僵住了，好像在地上扎了根似的。玛丽把这个消息告诉了她的孩子们，并问他们是否愿意与那些不幸的人分享他们的东西。令她欣慰的是，所有的孩子都毫不犹豫地捐了一些东西，她惊讶得张大了嘴巴。安妮的哥哥见安妮把她最喜欢的玩具放进盒子里，脸上闪过一丝惊讶。他睁大眼睛盯着她，随后站起身来，回到自己的房间，拿着他最喜欢的玩具跑回客厅。看到她的孩子们在做什么，玛丽又惊又喜，简直不敢相信。玛丽突然笑了起来，心想：“我的孩子们多慷慨啊！他们愿意去帮助别人。”高考题型组合练14提示：带★的文章和单元主题相关Ⅰ.阅读理解A(★)(2024·山东济南期末)Astheworldhaschanged，sohaseducation.Since2018，NellyCheboiandhernonprofitTechLitAfricahavebeenbringingcomputertechnologyintoschoolsinKenya，helpingstudentsjointhedigitalworld，andunlocktheirpotential.Withitsownsoftwareprograms，curriculum(课程)andteachertrainingprograms，thisnonprofithopestochangeAfrica.In2012，CheboireceivedascholarshiptoCollegeinIllinoisthatchangedherlife.ShegrewupinpovertyinruralKenya，watchinghermotherstruggletosupportherfamilyalone.CheboihadnoexperiencewithcomputersbeforemovingtotheUStostudy.Shehandwrotepapersandthenstruggledtotypethemoutonalaptopcomputer.Somehowshefellinlovewithcomputerscienceandbeganacareerinthefield.Butshedidnotlosesightofherorigins.“Asanundergraduate，IinvestedallofmyincomefromvariouscampusjobsintomycommunitybackinKenya，”shesaidontheTechLitAfricawebsite.ButsoonshewantedtodomoreforitandthatishowTechLitAfricabegan.Cheboirecalledhowherbackgroundhelpedherunderstandhowimportanttechnologicalknowledgecouldbeforchildrenlivinginpoverty.Shebuiltaschoolwiththeideaofbringingcomputerscienceaspartofkids’curriculumgrowingup.Butshefoundthatitwasgoingtobereallyhardtoimpactasmanypeopleaspossible，becauseitwassohardtofundraise.Theninordertoreachmorestudents，sheintroducedcomputertrainingtoexistingschools.Cheboiphysicallydraggedover40recycledcomputersthathadbeendonatedtothembyvarioustechcompaniestoKenyainsuitcases.Now，sincethenonprofithasgrown，itworkswithvariouscompaniesthathelpthemcleanthedonatedcomputersofdataandsendthemtoAfrica.TechLitAfricarunsitsowncurriculumwithitsownsoftwareprogramsin10Kenyanschools，andthehopeistoincreaseto100throughoutAfricabynextyear.Thestudentslovelearningaboutcomputers，andinturnaregainingskillsthatwillhelpthemmakeuseoftheirtalentsintoawayoutofpoverty.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了NellyCheboi和她的非营利组织TechLitAfrica一直在将计算机技术带入肯尼亚的学校，让贫困的学生有机会接触数字技术。1．WhathasCheboibeendoingsince2018?A．Boostinghersciencecareer.B．Promotingdigitaleducation.C．Startingascholarshipprogram.D．Updatingthecomputercourses.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Since2018，NellyCheboiandhernonprofitTechLitAfricahavebeenbringingcomputertechnologyintoschoolsinKenya，helpingstudentsjointhedigitalworld，andunlocktheirpotential.”可知，Cheboi自2018年以来一直在推动数字教育。故选B。2．WhatinspiredCheboitosetupTechLitAfrica?A．Herloveforcomputerscience.B．Herdesiretohelpherhometown.C．Herdreamofsupportingherfamily.D．HerchildhoodexperienceintheUS.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘Asanundergraduate，IinvestedallofmyincomefromvariouscampusjobsintomycommunitybackinKenya，’shesaidontheTechLitAfricawebsite.ButsoonshewantedtodomoreforitandthatishowTechLitAfricabegan.”可推知，她想帮助家乡的愿望激励了她建立TechLitAfrica。故选B。3．WhatdoweknowaboutCheboifromparagraph3?A．Shehopestohelpmorekids.B．Sheplanstobuildnewschools.C．Sheseekstodevelopnewcourses.D．Shecallsfordonationsofcomputers.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Butshefoundthatitwasgoingtobereallyhardtoimpactasmanypeopleaspossible...Theninordertoreachmorestudents，sheintroducedcomputertrainingtoexistingschools.”可知，Cheboi希望帮助更多的孩子。故选A。4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeCheboi?A．Sensitive. B．Considerate.C．Devoted. D．Cooperative.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Asanundergraduate，IinvestedallofmyincomefromvariouscampusjobsintomycommunitybackinKenya”及第三段中的“Cheboiphysicallydraggedover40recycledcomputersthathadbeendonatedtothembyvarioustechcompaniestoKenyainsuitcases.”可知，Cheboi将自己的全部收入捐给家乡，并且自己将捐赠的电脑运回肯尼亚。由此推知，Cheboi是一个很有奉献精神的人。故选C。BIfyou’veeveremergedfromtheshowerorreturnedfromyourwalkwithacleverideaorasolutiontoaproblemyouhadbeenstrugglingwith，itmaynotbeasurprise.Ratherthanconstantlyconcentratingonaproblem，researchfromthelast15yearssuggeststhatpeoplemaybemorelikelytohavecreativebreakthroughswhenthey’redoingahabitualtaskthatdoesn’trequiremuchthought.“Peoplealwaysgetsurprisedwhentheyrealizetheygetinteresting，novelideasatunexpectedtimes，”saysKalinaChristoff，ascientistattheUniversityofBritishColumbiainVancouver，“becauseourculturetellsusthatweshoulddoitthroughhardwork.”Nowresearchersbegintounderstandwhythesecleverthoughtsoccurduringmorepassiveactivitiesandwhat’shappeninginthebrain.Theyhavefoundthatthekeyisaseriesofbrainactivities—withinwhat’scalledthedefaultmode(DM)network—thatoccurwhileanindividualisrestingorperforminghabitualtasksthatdon’trequiremuchattention.“Simplyput，itisastatethatyourbrainreturnstowhenyou’rerelaxed，”explainsChristoff.“Bycontrast，whenyou’reworkingonademandingtask，thebrain’sexecutivecontrol(EC)systemskeepyourthinkingfocused，analytical，andlogical.”ResearchersfindthattheDMnetworkisalsoinvolvedintheearlystagesofideageneration，drawingfrompastexperiencesandknowledgeabouttheworld.Whenyourmindwanders，you’reallowingthoughtstoplayfullycrossyourmind，whichhelpsyoucombineinformationandideasinnewwaysandsomethingclicks.“Acautionarynote：WhiletheDMnetworkplaysakeyroleinthecreativeprocess，itistheECsystemsthathelpyoutoevaluateandapplythecreativeideaseffectivelytoyourproblemsintherealworld，”Christoffsays.“Soit’sunwisetoplaceblindfaithinthediscoverythatcreativeideascanbegeneratedintheshowerorduringanyotherkindsofmindwandering.Instead，youhavetodotheworktosetthegroundworkforcreativeideastoemergeinthefirstplace.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了创意经常会在放松状态下出现的心理机制。5．WhatisthemostunlikelyfunctionoftheECsystems?A．Tostartyourthinkingprocess.B．Tohelpyouanalyze.C．Toletyougetnovelideas.D．Tokeepyoufocused.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句以及第四段中的“Bycontrast，whenyou’reworkingon活动，能让你开始思维过程，帮助你分析，使你集中注意力，不能让你获得新的想法。故选C。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“somethingclicks”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Acleverideaoccurs.B．Somethingdropsdown.C．Amemorydisappears.D．Afunnythoughthappens.答案A解析句意理解题。根据画线句所在段“ResearchersfindthattheDMnetworkisalsoinvolvedintheearlystagesofideageneration，...whichhelpsyoucombineinformationandideasinnewwaysandsomethingclicks.”可推断，somethingclicks与ideageneration所表达的意思相近，即当走神时，想法在我们的脑海中嬉戏，有助于我们以新的方式将信息和想法结合起来，这样一个聪明的想法就产生了。故选A。7．WhatisKalinaChristoff’sattitudetothecultureofhardwork?A．Disapproving. B．Positive.C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned.答案B解析观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘Soit’sunwisetoplaceblindfaithinthediscoverythatcreativeideascanbegeneratedintheshowerorduringanyotherkindsofmindwandering.Instead，youhavetodotheworktosetthegroundworkforcreativeideastoemergeinthefirstplace.’”可知，KalinaChristoff认为盲目相信在洗澡或其他任何形式的走神中都能产生创意的发现是不明智的，还是要努力为创意的出现打好基础，因此推断她对努力工作这一文化持正面态度。故选B。8．Whichstatementmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Practicemakesperfect.B．Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.C．Everythingcomestohimwhowaits.D．AllworkandnobreakmakesJackadullboy.答案D解析推理判断题。通读全文，再根据第一段可知，大脑机制决定了只有劳逸结合才能富有创意。由此推知，作者可能会同意D项“只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻”的说法。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空IrecentlyattendedaweddinginCanada，inthecountryside.Whenthetaxidriversentusbackatmidnight，Iwas1worriedallthewayhomeabouttippinghimsinceIwasnotrich.I2nervouslyinmypurseandrealizedthatallIhadwasa$100note，whichIwaskeepingfora(n)3，nothingelsebuttwochocolatesfromthewedding.Icouldn’tnottiphim，soIwas4betweenarockandahardplace.Ihandedinthenoteatlast，controllingtheurgetoaskfor5.Tippinghaslongbeenasourceof6interactionsthroughouttheworld.Tippingcustoms7wildlyfromcountrytocountry，whichgeneratesnosmallamountof8.Norwegians，whocomefromaculturewherewagesarehighandtipsarelow，could9peopleinLasVegaswiththeirtinyofferings.10，high-tippingAmericansmightangerpeopleinTokyobecausegoodserviceinJapanisa11ofhonour.Suchanembarrassedmes